List of mosasaur-bearing stratigraphic units

This is a list of stratigraphic units from which mosasaur body fossils have been recovered. Units listed are all either formation rank or higher (e.g. group). Formations are listed by continent, and alphabetically within the individual lists.

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Africa

Name	Age	Location	Genera and species
Bentiaba River[1]	Maastrichtian	Angola	Prognathodon kianda[2] Liodon sp.[1] Halisaurus sp.[1] Platecarpus ptychodon[1] Phosphorosaurus sp.[1] Globidens phosphaticus[3] Mosasaurus hoffmannii[4] Prognathodon saturator[4]
Bololo[5]	Maastrichtian	Congo-Kinshasa	Halisaurus sp.[5] Mosasaurus sp.[5]
Dukamaje Formation[6]	Maastrichtian	Niger  Nigeria	Halisaurus sp.[6] Igdamanosaurus aegyptiacus[6] Platecarpus sp.[6] Angolasaurus sp.[6] Plioplatecarpus sp.[6] Goronyosaurus sp.[6] Goronyosaurus nigeriensis[7]
Duwi Formation[8]	Maastrichtian	Egypt	Mosasauridae indet.[9] Globidens phosphaticus[8] Igdamanosaurus aegyptiacus[8]
Farin-Doutchi Formation[10]	Maastrichtian	Niger	Pluridens walkeri[10]
Ouled Abdoun Basin[8]	Maastrichtian	Morocco	Eremiasaurus heterodontus[11] Liodon anceps[8] Mosasaurus sp.[8] Mosasaurus beaugei[8] Globidens phosphaticus[8] Halisaurus arambourgi[12] Igdamanosaurus aegyptiacus[8] Platecarpus ptychodon[8] Prognathodon sp.[13] Prognathodon curii[14] Carinodens belgicus[14] Russellosaurina indet.[8]
Tadi Beds Formation[15]	Cretaceous	Angola	Mosasaurus sp.[15] Angolasaurus bocagei[15] Halisaurinae indet.[15]
Umzamba Formation[16]	Santonian	South Africa	Mosasaurus sp.[16]

Antarctica

Name	Age	Location	Genera and species
Santa Marta Formation[17]	Late Campanian	Antarctica	Taniwhasaurus antarcticus[17]
Snow Hill Island Formation[18]	Maastrichtian	Antarctica	Tylosaurinae indet.[18]

Asia

Name	Age	Location	Genera and species
Adaffa Formation[19]	Early Campanian	Saudi Arabia	Prognathodon sp.[19] Plioplatecarpinae indet.[19]
Amminadav Formation[20]	Early Cenomanian	Palestinian Territory	Haasiasaurus gittelmani[20]
Davutlar Formation[21]	Late Maastrichtian	Turkey	Mosasaurus hoffmannii[21]
Izumi Group[22]	Late Campanian - Maastrichtian	Japan	Kourisodon sp.[22] Mosasaurus sp.[23] Mosasaurus sp. "B"[22] Mosasaurinae indet.[22]
Kashima Formation[24]	Late Santonian	Japan	Taniwhasaurus mikasaensis[24]
Mishash Formation[25]	Campanian	Israel	Prognathodon curii[25]
Muwaddar Chalk Marl Formation[26]	Maastrichtian	Jordan	Mosasaurus hoffmannii[26] Clidastes sp.[26] Platecarpus sp.[26] Liodon anceps[26] Tylosaurinae indet.[26]
Phosphorite Unit Formation[27]	Maastrichtian	Jordan	Globidens sp.[27] Prognathodon giganteus[27] Halisaurus sp.[27] Platecarpus ptychodon[27] Mosasauridae indet.[28]
Syria (various localities)[29]	Late Campanian	Syria	Mosasauridae indet.[29] Mosasaurus lemmonieri[29] Prognathodon giganteus[29] Liodon anceps[29] Globidens sp.[29] Platecarpus ptychodon[29] Plioplatecarpinae indet.[29]

Europe

Name	Age	Location	Genera and species
Ahlen Formation[30]	Late Campanian	Germany	Clidastes sp.[30]
Argille di Viano Formation[31]	Cretaceous	Italy	Mosasaurus hoffmannii[31]
Baculites Limestone Formation[32]	Late Maastrichtian	France	Prognathodon sp.[32]
Bakla Hill[33]	Maastrichtian	Ukraine	Carinodens belgicus[33] Liodon sp.[33]
Båstad Basin[34]	Campanian	Sweden	Plioplatecarpus sp.[34]
Chalk Group[35]	Cenomanian	United Kingdom	"Mosasaurus" gracilis[35]
Craie de Ciply Formation[8]	Maastrichtian	Belgium	Mosasauridae indet.[8] Mosasaurus hoffmannii[36] Prognathodon solvayi[36] Phosphorosaurus ortliebi[36] Plioplatecarpus houzeaui[36] Hainosaurus bernardi[36]
Craie de Meudon Formation[37]	Late Campanian	France	Hainosaurus sp.[37]
Craie de Spiennes Formation[38]	Late Campanian	Belgium	Globidens dakotensis[38] Prognathodon solvayi[38] Prognathodon giganteus[38]
Danish White Chalk Formation[39]	Maastrichtian	Denmark	Mosasaurus hoffmannii[39] Mosasaurus sp.[39] Plioplatecarpus sp.[39]
Glauconie de Lonzée Formation[40]	Santonian	Belgium	Hainosaurus sp.[40]
Gulpen Formation[41]	Late Campanian - Maastrichtian	Belgium  The Netherlands	Mosasaurus sp.[41] Prognathodon solvayi[41] Prognathodon saturator[42]
Grünsandstein Formation[43]	Cenomanian	Germany	Liodon anceps[43]
Kajlâka Formation[44]	Late Maastrichtian	Bulgaria	Mosasauridae indet.[44] Mosasaurus hoffmannii[44]
Kristianstad Basin[45]	Santonian - Maastrichtian	Sweden	Clidastes propython[46] Dollosaurus sp.[47] Eonatator sternbergii[48] Hainosaurus sp.[47] Platecarpus sp.[45] Taniwhasaurus ivoensis[49]
Lagerdorf Formation[50]	Late Santonian	Germany	Clidastes sp.[50]
Maastricht Formation[51]	Maastrichtian	The Netherlands	Mosasauridae indet.[51] Mosasaurus hoffmannii[51] Carinodens belgicus[44] Prognathodon saturator[44] Liodon sectorius[51] Plioplatecarpus marshi[44]
Nay Marls Formation[8]	Early Campanian - Late Maastrichtian	France	Liodon compressidens[8] Hainosaurus sp.[8] Prognathodon sp.[8]
Opoka Formation[52]	Late Campanian - Late Maastrichtian	Poland	Mosasaurus lemmonieri[52] Mosasaurus hoffmannii[52] Liodon anceps[52] Prognathodon sp.[52] Hainosaurus sp.[52]
Polunino[53]	Late Campanian	Volgograd Oblast  Russia	Mosasaurus sp.[53] Prognathodon sp.[53] Platecarpus sp.[53] Dollosaurus sp.[53] Hainosaurus sp.[53] Carinodens belgicus[33] Mosasauridae indet.[33]
Raspay Formation[54]	Late Maastrichtian	Spain	Prognathodon sp.[54]
Rybushka Formation[55]	Early Campanian	Saratov Oblast  Russia	Prognathodon sp.[55] Clidastes sp.[55]
Scaglia Rossa Formation[56]	Late Campanian - Maastrichtian	Italy	Mosasaurus sp.[56] Mosasaurus hoffmannii[31] Prognathodon sp.[31]
Scaglia Rossa Veneta Formation[57]	Early Turonian	Italy	Romeosaurus sorbinii[57] Romeosaurus fumanensis[57]
Trevino[58]	Maastrichtian	Spain	Mosasaurinae indet.[58] Prognathodon solvayi[58] Platecarpus tympaniticus[58] Liodon anceps[58]
Vitoria Formation[59]	Late Campanian	Spain	Liodon sectorius[59] Tylosaurus sp.[60]
Vomb Trough[47]	Santonian - Maastrichtian	Sweden	Hainosaurus sp.[47]

North America

Name	Age	Location	Genera and species
Arcadia Park Shale Formation[61]	Middle Turonian	Texas  United States	Russellosaurus coheni[61]
Bearpaw Shale Formation[62]	Late Campanian	Alberta, Saskatchewan  Canada Montana  United States	Prognathodon overtoni[62] Mosasaurus conodon[63] Plioplatecarpus primaevus[63] Clidastes sp.[64] Mosasaurus missouriensis[65]
Black Creek Group[66]	Campanian	North Carolina  United States	Mosasaurus sp.[66] Platecarpus sp.[66] Tylosaurus sp.[66]
Blufftown Formation[67]	Campanian	Georgia  United States	Mosasauridae indet.[67] Prognathodon sp.[67] Halisaurus sp.[67] Platecarpus sp.[67]
Cerro del Pueblo Formation[68]	Late Campanian	Mexico	Clidastes sp.[68]
Eutaw Formation[69]	Early Campanian	Alabama, Mississippi  United States	Clidastes liodontus[69] Mosasaurus sp.[65]
Hornerstown Formation[70]	Maastrichtian	New Jersey  United States	Liodon sp.[70] Mosasaurus maximus[71] Plioplatecarpus sp.[72]
Kamp Ranch Limestone Formation[73]	Middle Turonian	Texas  United States	Dallasaurus turneri[73]
Lewis Shale Formation[74]	Campanian	Colorado  United States	Prognathodon overtoni[74]
Mancos Shale Formation[75]	Early Campanian	Colorado  United States	Prognathodon stadtmani[75]
Marshalltown Formation[76]	Middle Campanian	New Jersey  United States	Clidastes iguanavus[76] Halisaurus sp.
Merchantville Formation[77]	Early Campanian - Maastrichtian	New Jersey, Delaware  United States	Clidastes iguanavus[77] Mosasaurus sp.[78] Halisaurus platyspondylus[79]
Mesaderve Formation[80]	Campanian	Wyoming  United States	Platecarpus sp.[80] Tylosaurinae indet.[81]
Mooreville Chalk Formation[82]	Late Santonian	Alabama  United States	Clidastes propython[82] Clidastes "moorevillensis" Eonatator sternbergii[82] Globidens alabamaensis[83]
Moreno Formation[84]	Maastrichtian	California  United States	Plesiotylosaurus crassidens[84] Plotosaurus tuckeri[85] Plotosaurus bennisoni[86]
Mount Laurel Formation[87]	Maastrichtian	New Jersey, Delaware  United States	Halisaurus platyspondylus[87] Mosasaurus maximus[78] Mosasaurus sp.[78]
Navesink Formation[88]	Maastrichtian	New Jersey  United States	Mosasaurus sp.[88] Mosasaurus conodon[89] Mosasaurus maximus[88] Prognathodon rapax Halisaurus platyspondylus[88] Mosasauridae indet.[90] Liodon sectorius[91]
New Egypt Formation[92]	Late Maastrichtian	New Jersey  United States	Mosasaurus maximus[92] Prognathodon rapax[93]
Niobrara Formation[94]	Coniacian - Campanian	Kansas  United States	Eonatator sternbergii[95] Tylosaurus nepaeolicus Tylosaurus proriger Plesioplatecarpus planifrons Platecarpus tympaniticus Clidastes liodontus Clidastes propython
Ojinaga Formation[96]	Turonian	Mexico	Tylosaurus kansasensis[96]
Owl Creek Formation[97]	Late Maastrichtian	Missouri  United States	Mosasaurus hoffmannii[97]
Pen Formation[98]	Middle Santonian	Texas  United States	Clidastes liodontus[98] Ectenosaurus sp.[98]
Pender Formation[99]	Late Santonian	British Columbia  Canada	Kourisodon puntledgensis[99] Mosasauridae indet.[99]
Pierre Shale Formation[100]	Campanian	Nebraska, South Dakota  United States Manitoba  Canada	Mosasaurus sp.[100] Clidastes sp.[101] Clidastes propython[65] Tylosaurus proriger[101] Tylosaurus pembinensis[102] Globidens alabamaensis[65] Globidens dakotensis[65] Globidens schurmanni[103] Platecarpus sp.[65] Mosasaurus missouriensis[65] Plioplatecarpus primaevus[65] Prognathodon overtoni[104] Latoplatecarpus nichollsae[102] Latoplatecarpus willistoni[105]
Ripley Formation[106]	Late Campanian	Tennessee  United States	Mosasaurus maximus[106] Prognathodon sp.[106] Plioplatecarpus sp.[106]
Selma Formation[82]	Santonian	Alabama, Mississippi  United States	Globidens alabamaensis[82] Prognathodon sp.[82] Clidastes propython[82] Eonatator sternbergii[82] Platecarpus sp.[82] Tylosaurus sp.[82]
Severn Formation[107]	Maastrichtian	Maryland  United States	Mosasauridae indet.[107] Mosasaurus maximus[107] Mosasaurus conodon[107] Prognathodon rapax[107] Halisaurus platyspondylus[107]
St. Mary River Formation[108]	Campanian	Alberta  Canada	Plioplatecarpus sp.[108]
Tar Heel Formation[109]	Early Campanian	North Carolina  United States	Prognathodon sp.[109] Platecarpus sp.[109] Halisaurus sp.[109] Tylosaurus sp.[66]
Vermillion River Formation[110]	Campanian	Manitoba  Canada	Platecarpus sp.[110] Tylosaurus sp.[110]
Wolfe City Formation[111]	Middle Campanian	Texas  United States	Mosasaurus missouriensis[111] Globidens dakotensis[111]

Oceania

Name	Age	Location	Genera and species
Conway Formation[112]	Campanian	New Zealand	Taniwhasaurus oweni[112]
Laidmore Formation[113]	Campanian - Maastrichtian	New Zealand	Prognathodon waiparaensis[113]
Miria Marl Formation[114]	Maastrichtian	Australia	Plioplatecarpinae indet.[114] Mosasauridae indet.[114]
Molecap Greensand Formation[114]	Cenomanian - Santonian	Australia	Platecarpus sp.[114] Plioplatecarpinae indet.[115]
Tahora Formation[116]	Campanian - Maastrichtian	New Zealand	Moanasaurus mangahouangae[116]

South America

Name	Age	Location	Genera and species
Olini Group, Nivel de Lutitas y Arenas[117]	Campanian	Colombia	Eonatator coellensis[117]
Roca Formation[118]	Maastrichtian	Argentina	Mosasaurinae indet.[118]
Brazil (various localities)[119]	Late Turonian - Early Coniacian	Brazil	Platecarpus sp.[119]
La Frontera Formation[120]	Late Turonian	Colombia	Yaguarasaurus columbianus[120] Mosasauridae indet.[120]
Vivián Formation[121]	Santonian	Peru	Halisaurus sp.[121]

References 

1. Mateus, O.; Polcyn, M. J.; LL, Jacobs; R., Araújo; AS, Schulp; J., Marinheiro; Pereira, B.; D, Vineyard (2012). "Cretaceous amniotes from Angola: dinosaurs, pterosaurs, mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, and turtles". V Jornadas Internacionales Sobre Paleontología de Dinosaurios y Su Entorno.
2. "A new species of Prognathodon (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from the Maastrichtian of Angola, and the affinities of the mosasaur genus Liodon (PDF Download Available)". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2017-09-24.
3. M. J. Polcyn, L. L. Jacobs, A. S. Schulp and O. Mateus. 2010. The North African Mosasaur Globidens phosphaticus from the Maastrichtian of Angola. Historical Biology 22(1-3):175-185
4. O. Mateus, M. J. Polcyn, L. L. Jacobs, R. Arujo, A. S. Schulp, J. Marinheiro, B. Pereira and D. Vineyard. 2012. Cretaceous amniotes from Angola: dinosaurs, pterosaurs, mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, turtles. Actas de V Jornadas Internacionales sobre Paleontologia de Dinosaurios y su Entorno, Salas de los Infantes, Burgos71-105
5. Lingham-Soliar, Theagarten (1994-03-01). "First record of mosasaurs from the maastrichtian (upper cretaceous) of zaire". PalZ. 68 (1–2): 259–265. doi:10.1007/BF02989444. ISSN 0031-0220.
6. R. T. J. Moody and P. J. C. Suttcliffe. 1991. The Cretaceous deposits of the Iullemmeden Basin of Niger, central West Africa. Cretaceous Research 12:137-157
7. A. Azzaroli, C. De Giuli, G. Ficcarelli and D. Torre. 1972. An aberrant mosasaur from the Upper Cretaceous of north-western Nigeria. Rendiconti della classe di fisiche, mathematiche e naturali 52:398-402
8. "The Mosasaur collections of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle of Paris". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2017-09-24.
9. M. Gemmellaro. 1921. Rettili maëstrichtiani di Egitto [Maastrichtian reptiles of Egypt]. Giornale di Scienze Naturali ed Economiche 32:340-351
10. T. Lingham-Soliar. 1998. A new mosasaur Pluridens walkeri from the Upper Cretaceous, Maastrichtian of the Iullemmeden Basin, southwest Niger. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18(4):709-707
11. A. R. H. LeBlanc, M. W. Caldwell, and N. Bardet. 2012. A new mosasaurine from the Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) phosphates of Morocco and its implications for mosasaurine systematics. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32(1):82-104
12. M. J. Polcyn, J. Lindgren, N. Bardet, D. Cornelissen, L. Verding and A. S. Schulp. 2012. Description of new specimens of Halisaurus arambourgi Bardet & Pereda Suberbiola, 2005 and the relationships of Halisaurinae. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France183(2):123-136
13. X. Pereda Suberbiola, N. Bardet, S. Jouve, M. Iarochène, B. Bouya and M. Amaghzaz. 2003. A new azhdarchid pterosaur from the Late Cretaceous phosphates of Morocco. In E. Buffetaut, J.-M. Mazin (eds.), Evolution and Palaeobiology of Pterosaurs. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 217:79-90
14. N. Bardet, X. Pereda Suberbiola, M. Iarochène, M. Amalik, and B. Bouya. 2005. Durophagous Mosasauridae (Squamata) from the Upper Cretaceous phosphates of Morocco, with description of a new species of Globidens. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences — Geologie en Mijnbouw 84(3):167-175
15. M. T. Antunes. 1964. O Neocretacio e o Cenozoico do litoral de Angola. Junta de Investigcoes do Ultramar 1-254
16. A. W. Rogers and E. H. L. Schwarz. 1902. General survey of the rocks in the southern parts of the Transkei and Pondoland, including a description of the Cretaceous rocks of eastern Pondoland. Annual Report of the Geological Commission, Cape of Good Hope 1901:25-46
17. F. E. Novas, M. Fernández, Z. B. Gasparini, J. M. Lirio, H. J. Nuñez and P. Puerta. 2002. Lakumasaurus antarcticus, n. gen. et sp., a new mosasaur (Reptilia, Squamata) from the Upper Cretaceous of Antarctica. Ameghiniana 39(2):245-249
18. J. E. Martin, J. F. Sawyer, M. Reguero and J. A. Case. 2007. Occurrence of a young elasmosaurid plesiosaur skeleton from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Antarctica. U.S. Geological Survey and The National Academies Short Research Paper 66:1-4
19. B. P. Kear, T. H. Rich, M. A. Ali, Y. A. Al-Mufarrih, A. H. Matiri, A. M. Masary, and Y. Attia. 2008. Late Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian) marine reptiles from the Adaffa Formation, NW Saudi Arabia. Geological Magazine 145(5):648-654
20. Polcyn, Michael J; Tchernov, Eitan; Jacobs, Louis L (1999-10-15). "THE CRETACEOUS BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN WITH A DESCRIPTION OF A NEW BASAL MOSASAUROID FROM 'EIN YABRUD, ISRAEL". National Science Museum Monographs. 15.
21. N. Bardet and C. Tunoglu. 2002. The first mosasaur (Squamata) from the Late Cretaceous of Turkey. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22(3):712-715
22. M. Tanimoto. 2005. Mosasaur remains from the Upper Cretaceous Izumi Group of southwest Japan. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences — Geologie en Mijnbouw 84(3):373-378
23. M. Tanimoto, M. Tani, and M. Minamino. 1998. [Crocodilian-like teeth (? Mosasauridae) from the Izumi Group (Upper Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) of Sobura, Kaizuka-city, Osaka Prefecture, southwest Japan]. Chigakukenkyu 47(2):91-95
24. Primary reference: M. W. Caldwell, T. Konishi, I. Obata and K. Muramoto. 2008. A new species of Taniwhasaurus (Mosasauridae, Tylosaurinae) from the Upper Santonian-Lower Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Hokkaido, Japan. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28(2):339-348
25. Christiansen, P.; Bonde, N. (2002). "A new species of gigantic mosasaur from the Late Cretaceous of Israel". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 22 (3): 629. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0629:ANSOGM]2.0.CO;2.
26. Kaddumi, H.F. (2006). "A new genus and species of gigantic marine turtles (Chelonioidea: Cheloniidae) from the Maastrichtian of the Harrana Fauna–Jordan" (PDF). Vertebrate Paleontology. 3 (1).
27. "Marine reptiles from the Late Cretaceous Phosphates of Jordan: Palaeobiogeographical implications (PDF Download Available)". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2017-09-24.
28. E. Frey and D. M. Martill. 1996. A reappraisal of Arambourgiania (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea): one of the world's largest flying animals. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 199(2):221-247
29. N. Bardet, H. Cappetta, X. Pereda Suberbiola, M. Mouty, A. K. Al Maleh, A. M. Ahmed, O. Khrata and N. Gannoum. 2000. The marine vertebrate faunas from the Late Cretaceous phosphates of Syria. Geological Magazine 137(3):269-290
30. R. Giers. 1964. Die Großfauna der Mukronatenkreide (unteres Obercampan) im östlichen Münsterland. Fortschr. Geol. Rheinld. u. Westf. 7:213-294
31. A. Palci, M. W. Caldwell, C. A. Papazzoni and E. Forniciari. 2014. Mosasaurine mosasaurs (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from northern Italy. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34(3):549-559
32. E. Buffetaut and N. Bardet. 2012. The mosasaurid (Squamata) Prognathodon in the Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) of the Cotentin Peninsula (Normandy, northwestern France). Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 183(2):111-115 
33. A. S. Schulp, A. O. Averianov, A. A. Yarkov, F. A. Trikolidi, and J. W. M. Jagt. 2006. First record of the Late Cretaceous durophagous mosaasaur Carinodens belgicus (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from Volgogradskaya Oblast (Russia) and Crimea (Ukraine). Russian Journal of Herpetology 213(3):175-180
34. P. O. Persson. 1960. Reptiles from the Senonian (U Cret) of Scania (S Sweden). Arkiv for Mineralogi och Geologi 2(35):431-478
35. R. Owen. 1851. Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Cretaceous Formations. Part I. Chelonia (Lacertilia, etc.). The Palaeontographical Society, London 1851:1-118
36. John, Jagt; Neda, Motchurova-Dekova; Plamen, Ivanov; Henri, Cappetta; Anne, Schulp. "Latest Cretaceous mosasaurs and lamniform sharks from Labirinta cave, Vratsa District (northwest Bulgaria): A preliminary note". Geoloski Anali Balkanskog Poluostrva (67): 51–63.
37. N. Bardet. 2012. The mosasaur collections of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle of Paris. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 183(1):35-53
38. W. J. Kennedy. 1993. Campanian and Maastrichtian ammonites from the Mons Basin and adjacent areas (Belgium). Bulletin de L'Institute Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 63:99-131 
39. Lindgren, J.; Jagt, J. W. M. (2005). "Danish mosasaurs". Netherlands Journal of Geosciences. 84 (3): 315–320. doi:10.1017/S0016774600021090. ISSN 0016-7746.
40. T. S. Bullard and M. W. Caldwell. 2010. Redescription and rediagnosis of the tylosaurine mosasaur Hainosaurus pembinensis Nicholls, 1988, as Tylosaurus pembinensis (Nicholls, 1988). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30(2):416-426
41. J. W. M. Jagt. 2000. Late Cretaceous-Early Paleocene echinoderms and the K/T boundary in the southeast Netherlands and the northeast Belgium. - part 3: Ophiuroids. Scripta Geologica 21:1-179 
42. R. W. Dortangs, A. S. Schulp, E. W. A. Mulder, J. W. M. Jagt, H. H. G. Peeters and D. T. Graaf. 2002. A large new mosasaur from the Upper Cretaceous of the Netherlands. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences/Geologie en Mijnbouw 81(1):1-8
43. A. v. Wagner. 1853. Beschreibung einer fossilen Schildkröte und etlicher anderer Reptilien-Ueberreste aus den lithographischen Schiefern und dem Grünsandstein. Abhandlungen der Mathemat.-Physikalischen Classe de Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 7:241-264
44. J. W. M. Jagt, N. Motchurova-Dekova, P. Ivanov, H. Capetta, and A. S. Schulp. 2006. Latest Cretaceous mosasaurs and lamniform sharks from Labirinta cave, Vratsa district (northwest Bulgaria): a preliminary note. Annales Geologiques de la Peninsule Balkanique 67:51-63
45. Sørensen, Anne Mehlin; Surlyk, Finn; Lindgren, Johan (2013-05-01). "Food resources and habitat selection of a diverse vertebrate fauna from the upper lower Campanian of the Kristianstad Basin, southern Sweden". Cretaceous Research. 42 (Supplement C): 85–92. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2013.02.002.
46. "The first record of the mosasaur Clidastes from Europe and its palaeogeographic implications". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2017-09-23.
47. Lindgren, Johan (2005). "The First Record of Hainosaurus (Reptilia: Mosasauridae) from Sweden". Journal of Paleontology. 79 (6): 1157–1165. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079[1157:TFROHR]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 4095001.
48. Lindgren, Johan; Siverson, Mikael (2005). "Halisaurus sternbergi, a Small Mosasaur with an Intercontinental Distribution". Journal of Paleontology. 79 (4): 763–773. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079[0763:HSASMW]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 4095048.
49. "Tylosaurus ivoensis: A giant mosasaur from the early Campanian of Sweden". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2017-09-23.
50. H.-V. Karl and C. J. Nyhuis. 2012. Ctenochelys stenoporus (Hay, 1905) (Testudines: Toxochelyidae) and Clidastes sp. (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of NW-Germany. Studia Palaeocheloniologica 4:129-142 
51. W. B. Gallagher, J. W. M. Jagt, E. W. A. Mulder and A. S. Schulp. 2004. A new mosasaur specimen from Maastricht (the Netherlands), with a review of the Late Cretaceous–Early Paleogene marine faunas of New Jersey and Limburg. The Mosasaur 7:47-57
52. M. Machalski, J. W. M. Jagt, R. W. Dortangs, E. W. A. Mulder, and A. Radwański. 2003. Campanian and Maastrichtian mosasaurid reptiles from central Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48(3):397-408
53. "On the occurrence of a giant flying reptile (Pterosauria) in the terminal Late Cretaceous of the Lower Volga Region (PDF Download Available)". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2017-09-24.
54. N. L. Bardet, J. F. Baeza Carratalá, V. Díez Díaz Carbonell, M. García, and V. Giner. 2013. First occurrence of Mosasauridae (Squamata) in the Maastrichtian (latest Cretaceous) of Alicante (Valencia Community, Eastern Spain). Estudios Geológicos 69(1):97-104
55. A. O. Averianov, M. S. Arkhangelsky, and E. M. Pervushov. 2008. A new Late Cretaceous azhdarchid (Pterosauria, Azhdarchidae) from the Volga region. Paleontological Journal 42(6):634-642 
56. F. Fanti, A. Cau, and A. Negri. 2014. A giant mosasaur (Reptilia, Squamata) with an unusually twisted dentition from the Argille Scagliose Complex (late Campanian) of Northern Italy. Cretaceous Research49:91-104
57. Palci, Alessandro; Caldwell, Michael W.; Papazzoni, Cesare A. (2013-05-01). "A new genus and subfamily of mosasaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of northern Italy". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (3): 599–612. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.731024. ISSN 0272-4634.
58. N. Bardet, J. C. Corral, and X. Pereda Superbiola. 1997. Les mosasaures (Squamata) du Cretace Superieur du Bassin Basco-Cantabrique. Geobios 20:19-26
59. N. Bardet, X. Pereda Suberbiola, J.-C. Corral, J. I. Baceta, J. A. Torres, B. Botantz, and G. Martin. 2012. A skull fragment of the mosasaurid Prognathodon cf. sectorius from the Late Cretaceous of Navarre (Basque-Cantabrian Region). Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 183(2):117-121
60. N. Bardet, X. Pereda Suberbiola, and J. C. Coral. 2006. A tylosaurine Mosasauridae (Squamata) from the Late Cretaceous of the Basque-Cantabrian region. Estudios Geológicos 62(1):213-218
61. "Russellosaurus coheni n. gen., n. sp., a 92 million-year-old mosasaur from Texas (USA), and the definition of the parafamily Russellosaurina (PDF Download Available)". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2017-09-24.
62. Konishi, Takuya; Brinkman, Donald; Massare, Judy A.; Caldwell, Michael W. (2011-09-01). "New exceptional specimens of Prognathodon overtoni (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from the upper Campanian of Alberta, Canada, and the systematics and ecology of the genus". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (5): 1026–1046. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.601714. ISSN 0272-4634.
63. E.L. Nicholls, T. T. Tokaryk, and L. V. Hills. 1990. Cretaceous marine turtles from the Western Interior Seaway of Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 27(10):1288-1298
64. C. H. Sternberg. 1915. Evidence proving that the Belly River beds of Alberta are equivalent with the Judith River beds of Montana. Science 42(1073):131-133
65. D. A. Russell. 1964. The Skull of American Mosasaurs. 1-386 
66. H. W. Miller. 1966. Cretaceous vertebrate fauna from Phoebus Landing, North Carolina. The Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 82(2):93
67. D. R. Schwimmer. 1986. Late Cretaceous fossils from the Blufftown Formation (Campanian) in western Georgia. The Mosasaur 3:109-123
68. D. Eberth, S. D. Sampson, R. A. Rodriguez-De La Rosa, M. Aguillon-Martinez, D. B. Brinkman and J. Lopez-Espinoza. 2003. Las Aguilas: an unusually rich Campanian-age vertebrate locale in southern Coahuila, Mexico. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23(3):47A
69. K. R. Wright. 1988. The first record of Clidastes liodontus (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from the eastern United States. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 8(3):343-345
70. E. D. Cope. 1870. [The remains of a new Cretaceous tortoise]. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 11:515
71. O. C. Marsh. 1869. Notice of some new mosasauroid reptiles from the Greensand of New Jersey. American Journal of Science, second series 48(144):392-397
72. W. B. Gallagher. 1993. The Cretaceous/Tertiary mass extinction event in the North Atlantic coastal plain. The Mosasaur 5:75-154
73. G. L. Bell and M. J. Polcyn. 2005. Dallasaurus turneri, a new primitive mosasauroid from the Middle Turonian of Texas and comments on the phylogeny of Mosasauridae (Squamata). Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 84(3):177-194 
74. B. S. Kues and S. G. Lucas. 1985. Mosasaur remains from the Lewis Shale (Upper Cretaceous), Southwestern Colorado. Journal of Paleontology 59(6):1395-1400
75. "Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 2017-09-24.
76. Cope, E. D. (1868). "On Some Cretaceous Reptilia". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 20: 233–242. JSTOR 4059901.
77. A. J. Robb. 2004. Vertebrate fossils from the Upper Cretaceous (Merchantville Formation: Early Campanian) Graham Brick Yards locality of New Jersey. The Mosasaur 7:75-88
78. W. B. Gallagher. 1984. Paleoecology of the Delaware Valley Region Part II: Cretaceous to Quaternary. The Mosasaur 2:9-43
79. "The Cretaceous/Tertiary Mass Extinction Event in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain (PDF Download Available)". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2017-09-24.
80. D. A. Russell. 1964. The Skull of American Mosasaurs. 1-386
81. D. G. DeMar and B. H. Breithaupt. 2006. The nonmammalian vertebrate microfossil assemblages of the Mesaverde Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Campanian) of the Wind River and Bighorn Basins, Wyoming. In S. G. Lucas and R. M. Sullivan (eds.), Late Cretaceous Vertebrates from the Western Interior. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 35:33-54
82. D. A. Russell. 1970. The vertebrate fauna of the Selma Formation of Alabama: Part VII The Mosasaurs. Fieldiana: Geology Memoirs3(7):365-380
83. C. W. Gilmore. 1912. A new mosasauroid reptile from the Cretaceous of Alabama. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 41(1870):479-484
84. J. Lindgren. 2009. Cranial osteology of the giant mosasaur Plesiotylosaurus (Squamata, Mosasauridae). Journal of Paleontology 83(3):448-456
85. K. W. Ford. 2006. Stratigraphic positions of marine reptile and dinosaur specimens in the Moreno Formation, in the Tumey Hills and Panoche Hills, Fresno County, California. In S. G. Lucas and R. M. Sullivan (eds.), Late Cretaceous Vertebrates from the Western Interior. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 35:407-410
86. Primary reference: J. Lindgren, M. W. Caldwell, and J. W. Jagt. 2008. New data on the postcranial anatomy of the California mosasaur Plotosaurus bennisoni (Camp, 1942) (Upper Cretaceous: Maastrichtian), and the taxonimic status of P. tuckeri (Camp, 1942). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28(4):1043-1054
87. E. M. Lauginiger and E. F. Hartstein. 1983. A guide to fossil sharks, skates, and rays from the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal area, Delaware. Open File Report - Delaware Geological Survey 21:1-63
88. "Faunal changes across the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of New Jersey: Restructuring the marine community after the K-T mass-extinction event". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2017-09-24.
89. Primary reference: D. Baird and G. R. Case. 1966. Rare marine reptiles from the Cretaceous of New Jersey. Journal of Paleontology 40(5):1211-1215
90. W. B. Gallagher, D. C. Parris, and E. E. Spamer. 1986. Paleontology, biostratigraphy, and depositional environments of the Cretaceous-Tertiary transition in the New Jersey coastal plain. The Mosasaur 3:1-35
91. E. D. Cope. 1871. Supplement to the "Synopsis of the Extinct Batrachia and Reptilia of North America". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 12:41-52
92. E. D. Cope. 1870. Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia, Reptilia and Aves of North America. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series 14(1):1-252
93. M. T. W. Carter, R. O. Johnson, J. A. Chamberlain and C. Mehling. 2008. A new vertebrate fauna from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) New Egypt Formation of New Jersey. Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America 40(2):78-79
94. Russell, Dale. A. (6 November 1967). "Systematics and Morphology of American Mosasaurs" (PDF). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History (Yale University).
95. Russell, Dale. A. (6 November 1967). "Systematics and Morphology of American Mosasaurs" (PDF). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History (Yale University).
96. A. L. Flores. 2013. Occurrence of a tylosaurine mosasaur (Mosasauridae; Russellosaurina) from the Turonian of Chihuahua State, Mexico. Boletin de la Sociedad Geologica Mexicana 65(1):99-107
97. W. B. Gallagher, C. E. Campbell, J. W. Jagt and E. W. A. Mulder. 2005. Mosasaur (Reptilia, Squamata) material from the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary interval in Missouri. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25(2):473-475
98. G. L. Bell Jr., K. R. Barnes, and M. J. Polcyn. 2013. Late Cretaceous mosasauroids (Reptilia, Squamata) of the Big bend region in Texas, USA. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 103:1-11 [
99. E. L. Nicholls and D. Meckert. 2002. Marine reptiles from the Nanaimo Group (Upper Cretaceous) of Vancouver Island. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 39(11):1591-1603 
100. J. Leidy. 1873. Contributions to the Extinct Vertebrate Fauna of the Western Territories. Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories 1-358
101. P. R. Bjork. 1981. Food habits of mosasaurs from the Pierre Shale of South Dakota. Abstracts with Programs, Rocky Mountain Section, Geological Society of America 13(4):191
102. E. L. Nicholls. 1988. The first record of the mosasaur Hainosaurus (Reptilia: Lacertilia) from North America. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25:1564-1570
103. J. E. Martin. 2007. A new species of the durophagous mosasaur Globidens (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Late Cretaceous Pierre Shale Group of central South Dakota, USA. Geological Society of America Special Paper 427:177-198
104. S. W. Williston. 1895. New or little known extinct vertebrates. Kansas University Quarterly3(3):165-176
105. T. Konishi and M. W. Caldwell. 2011. Two new plioplatecarpine (Squamata, Mosasauridae) genera from the Upper Cretaceous of North America, and a global phylogenetic analysis of plioplatecarpines. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31(4):754-783 
106. J. X. Corgan. 1976. Vertebrate fossils of Tennessee. State of Tennessee Department of Conservation Division of Geology Bulletin 77:1-100
107. D. Baird. 1986. Upper Cretaceous reptiles from the Severn Formation of Maryland. The Mosasaur 3:63-85
108. W. Langston, Jr. 1975. The ceratopsian dinosaurs and associated lower vertebrates from the St. Mary River Formation (Maestrichtian) at Scabby Butte, southern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences12:1576-1608
109. A. J. Robb. 1989. The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian, Black Creek Formation) fossil fish fauna of Phoebus Landing, Bladen County, North Carolina. The Mosasaur 4:75-92
110. D. Bardack. 1968. Fossil vertebrates from the marine Cretaceous of Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 5:145-153
111. J. T. Thurmond. 1969. Notes on mosasaurs from Texas. The Texas Journal of Science 21(1):69-80
112. J. Hector. 1874. On the fossil Reptilia of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 6:333-358
113. S. P. Welles and D. R. Gregg. 1971. Late Cretaceous marine reptiles of New Zealand. Records of the Canterbury Museum 9(1):1-111
114. B. P. Kear, J. A. Long, and J. E. Martin. 2005. A review of Australian mosasaur occurrences. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences — Geologie en Mijnbouw 84(3):307-313
115. J. A. Long and A. R. I. Cruickshank. 1998. Further records of plesiosaurian reptiles of Jurassic and Cretaceous age from Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 19:47-55
116. J. Wiffen. 1980. Moanasaurus, a new genus of marine reptile (Family Mosasauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 23:507-528
117. M. E. Paramo-Fonseca. 2011. Mosasauroids from Colombia. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 182(2):103-109
118. M. Griffin, A. Parras, and S. Casadío. 2008. Late Maastrichtian-Danian Mytilids and Pinnids (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from Northern Patagonia, Argentina. Ameghiniana 45(1):139-152
119. P. Bengtson and J. Lindgren. 2005. First record of the mosasaur Platecarpus Cope, 1869 from South America and its systematic implications. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 8(1):5-12
120. Páramo‐Fonseca, Maria E. (2000-01-01). "Yaguarasaurus columbianus (Reptilia, Mosasauridae), a primitive mosasaur from the Turonian (upper cretaceous) of Colombia". Historical Biology. 14 (1–2): 121–131. doi:10.1080/10292380009380560. ISSN 0891-2963.
121. Caldwell, Michael W.; Jr, Gorden L. Bell (1995-09-14). "Halisaurus sp. (Mosasauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous (?Santonian) of east-central Peru, and the taxonomic utility of mosasaur cervical vertebrae". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 15 (3): 532–544. doi:10.1080/02724634.1995.10011246. ISSN 0272-4634.