List of Romantic-era composers

This is a list of Romantic-era composers. Note that this list is purely chronological, and also includes a substantial number of composers, especially those born after 1860, whose works cannot be conveniently classified as "Romantic".

Lists of classical music
composers by era and century
Medieval era (476–1400)
Renaissance era (1400–1600)
Baroque era (1600–1760)
Classical era (1730–1820)
Romantic era (1815–1910)
Modernist era (1890–1950)
Postmodernist era (since 1930)
20th century (1900–2000)
21st century (since 2000)

Late Classical-era/early Romantic-era composers (born 1770–99)
Name Date born Date died Nationality Comments
Ludwig van Beethoven17701827German
Ludwig van Beethoven
composer and pianist, regarded by many as the first Romantic-era composer, most famous for Symphony No. 5 and Für Elise among others
Ferdinando Carulli17701841Italian
Ferdinando Carulli
composer for the guitar, wrote concertos and chamber music
Édouard Du Puy17701822Swiss
Édouard Du Puy
composer, singer, director and violinist
Peter Hänsel17701831German-Austrian
Peter Hänsel
composer and violinist
James Hewitt17701827Americancomposer, conductor and music publisher
Anton Reicha17701836Czech-French
Anton Reicha
composer who experimented with irregular time signatures in his keyboard fugues, composed a large number of significant works for wind quintet
Christian Heinrich Rinck17701846Germancomposer and organist
Jan August Vitásek17701839Bohemiancomposer
Friedrich Witt17701836Germancomposer and cellist
Johann Baptist Cramer17711858Englishmusician of German origin
Ferdinando Paer17711839Italiancomposer
Maria Frances Parke17721822Englishcomposer, pianist and soprano
François-Louis Perne17721832Frenchcomposer and musicographer
Josef Triebensee17721846Bohemiancomposer and oboist
Johann Wilhelm Wilms17721847Dutch-Germancomposer, best known for writing Wien Neêrlands Bloed, which served as the Dutch national anthem from 1815 to 1932
Sophie Bawr17731860Frenchcomposer, writer and playwright
Pietro Generali17731832Italiancomposer of operas and vocal music
Wenzel Thomas Matiegka17731830Czechcomposer
Bartolomeo Bortolazzi17731820Italianmandolin and guitar virtuoso and composer
Pierre Rode17741830French
Pierre Rode
composer and violinist
Gaspare Spontini17741851Italian
Gaspare Spontini
opera composer and conductor, famous for La vestale
Václav Tomášek17741850Czech
Václav Tomášek
composer and music teacher
Christoph Ernst Friedrich Weyse17741842Danishcomposer in the Danish Golden Age
Johann Anton André17751842Germancomposer and music publisher
François-Adrien Boieldieu17751834French
François-Adrien Boieldieu
composer
João Domingos Bomtempo17751842Portuguesecomposer, pianist and pedagogue
Bernhard Crusell17751838Finnishcomposer and clarinet player
Sophia Dussek17751831Scottishcomposer of Italian descent, singer, pianist and harpist
François de Fossa17751849Frenchcomposer and guitarist
Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann17761822Germancomposer, author of fantasy and horror, jurist, music critic, draftsman and caricaturist
Joseph Küffner17761856Germancomposer and musician
Philipp Jakob Riotte17761856Germancomposer
Ignaz von Seyfried17761841Austriancomposer, musician and conductor
Ludwig Berger17771839Germancomposer, pianist and piano teacher
Pauline Duchambge17781858Frenchcomposer and pianist
Johann Nepomuk Hummel17781837Austrian
Johann Nepomuk Hummel
composer and pianist, his music bridged the Classical era of music and Romantic era of music
Sigismund von Neukomm17781858Austriancomposer and pianist
Fernando Sor17781839Spanishcomposer for the classical guitar who is credited with elevating the guitar to the level of concert instrument
William Knyvett17791856Britishcomposer and singer
Louise Reichardt17791826Germancomposer and songwriter
Luigi Antonio Calegari17801849Italianopera composer
Conradin Kreutzer17801849Germancomposer and conductor
Louis François Dauprat17811868Frenchcomposer, horn player and music professor at the Conservatoire de Paris
Anton Diabelli17811858Austriancomposer, music publisher and editor
Mauro Giuliani17811828Italian
Mauro Giuliani
composer and virtuoso guitarist
Anthony Heinrich17811861Americancomposer
Sophie Lebrun17811863Germancomposer and pianist
François-Joseph Naderman17811835French
François-Joseph Naderman
composer, harpist and teacher
Daniel Auber17821871Frenchopera composer, noted for La muette de Portici
Carlo Coccia17821873Italianopera composer
John Field17821837Irish
John Field
composer and pianist, notable for cultivating the nocturne
Niccolò Paganini17821840Italian
Niccolò Paganini
composer and virtuoso violinist, wrote the 24 Caprices for violin, five concerti for violin, string quartets and works for violin and guitar
Charlotta Seuerling17821828Swedishcomposer, concert singer, harpsichordist and poet
Friedrich Dotzauer17831860Germancomposer and cellist
Teresa Belloc-Giorgi17841855Italiancomposer and contralto
Martin-Joseph Mengal17841851Belgiancomposer and instructor
Francesco Morlacchi17841841Italiancomposer
George Onslow17841853Anglo-Frenchcomposer
Ferdinand Ries17841838German
Ferdinand Ries
composer, friend and pupil of Ludwig van Beethoven
Louis Spohr17841859German
Louis Spohr
composer, violinist and conductor, renowned for chamber music and compositions for violin and harp
Alexandre Pierre François Boëly17851858Frenchcomposer, organist and pianist
Bettina von Arnim17851859Germancomposer, writer and novelist
Catherina Cibbini-Kozeluch17851858Austriancomposer of Bohemian ancestry and pianist
Isabella Colbran17851845Spanishcomposer and opera singer
Karol Kurpiński17851857Polishcomposer, conductor and pedagogue
Marie Bigot17851820Frenchcomposer and piano teacher
Henry Bishop17861855Englishcomposer
Friedrich Kuhlau17861832German-Danish
Friedrich Kuhlau
composer
Pietro Raimondi17861853Italiancomposer
Carl Maria von Weber17861826German
Carl Maria von Weber
composer, conductor, pianist, guitarist and critic, one of the first significant Romantic opera composers
Alexander Alyabyev17871851Russiancomposer, conductor and pianist
Franz Xaver Gruber17871863Austrianschool teacher, church organist and composer, best known for his Christmas carol, Silent Night
Michele Carafa17871872Italianopera composer
Johann Peter Pixis17881874Germancomposer and pianist
Simon Sechter17881867Austrianprolific composer, renowned music theorist, teacher, organist and conductor
Elena Asachi17891877Romaniancomposer of Austrian birth, pianist and singer
Nicolas-Charles Bochsa17891856Frenchcomposer and musician
Friedrich Ernst Fesca17891826Germancomposer of instrumental music and violinist
Maria Szymanowska17891831Polishcomposer and virtuoso pianist
Harriet Browne17901858Englishcomposer and writer
Isaac Nathan17901864Englishcomposer, musicologist, journalist and self-publicist known as "the father of Australian music"
Carl Czerny17911857Austrian
Carl Czerny
composer, teacher and pianist
Ferdinand Hérold17911833French
Ferdinand Hérold
operatic composer
Giacomo Meyerbeer17911864German
Giacomo Meyerbeer
composer for grand opera (Il crociato in Egitto, Les Huguenots, L'Africaine)
Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart17911844Austrian
Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart
composer, pianist, conductor, teacher and the youngest child of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Carlo Evasio Soliva17911853Swiss-Italiancomposer
Jan Václav Voříšek17911825Czechcomposer, pianist and organist
Gioachino Rossini17921868Italian
Gioachino Rossini
prolific opera composer, best known for The Barber of Seville among other operas
Hedda Wrangel17921833Swedishcomposer
Cipriani Potter17921871Englishcomposer, teacher and pianist
Gertrude van den Bergh17931840Dutchcomposer and pianist
Bernhard Klein17931832Germancomposer
Caroline Ridderstolpe17931878Swedishcomposer and singer
Princess Amalie of Saxony17941870Germancomposer
Ignaz Moscheles17941870Czech
Ignaz Moscheles
composer and piano virtuoso, head of the Leipzig Conservatory after Felix Mendelssohn
Heinrich Marschner17951861German
Heinrich Marschner
composer, considered to be the most important composer of German opera between Carl Maria von Weber and Richard Wagner
Saverio Mercadante17951870Italian
Saverio Mercadante
composer
Nikolaos Mantzaros17951872Italian-Greekcomposer
Helene Liebmann17951835Germancomposer and pianist
Franz Berwald17961868Swedishcomposer, little known in his lifetime, but his works, including his four symphonies are better known today
Carl Loewe17961869German
Carl Loewe
composer, baritone singer and conductor
Mathilda d'Orozco17961863Swedishcomposer, noble, salonist, poet, writer, singer, amateur actress and harpsichordist
Giovanni Pacini17961867Italiancomposer
Emilie Zumsteeg17961857Germancomposer, pianist, songwriter and choir conductor
Luigi Castellacci17971845Italianvirtuoso on the mandolin and guitar, instrumental composer and author of popular French romances with guitar and piano accompaniments
Gaetano Donizetti17971848Italian
Gaetano Donizetti
opera composer, known for Lucia di Lammermoor and L'elisir d'amore among others
Franz Schubert17971828Austrian
Franz Schubert
composer, best known for his more than 600 lieder, chamber music, piano works and symphonies
Annette von Droste-Hülshoff17971848Germancomposer and writer
Antonio Rolla17981837Italiancomposer and violin and viola virtuoso
Olivia Buckley17991847Englishcomposer, harpist and organist
Marie von Stedingk17991868Swedishcomposer and courtier
Fromental Halévy17991862French
Fromental Halévy
composer
Oscar I of Sweden17991859Swedish
Oscar I of Sweden
composer and king of Sweden and Norway
Alexey Verstovsky17991862Russian
Alexey Verstovsky
composer, musical bureaucrat and rival of Mikhail Glinka

Repertoire key: B=In Classical Net's basic Timeline of Major Composers 1600–present[1]

Early Romantic-era composers (born 1800–19)
Name Date born Date died Nationality Comments
Vincenzo Bellini18011835Italian
Vincenzo Bellini
opera composer, known for I Puritani, Norma and La sonnambula among others
Tomasz Padura18011871Ukrainian-Polish
Tomasz Padura
poet of the so-called Ukrainian school, musician-torbanist and composer-songwriter
Jean-Baptiste Duvernoy18021880Frenchcomposer and pianist
Amédée Méreaux18021874French
Amédée Méreaux
composer, his works are somewhat known for their immense difficulties
Cesare Pugni18021870Italian
Cesare Pugni
prolific composer of ballet music
Eliza Flower18031846Englishcomposer
Friedrich Theodor Fröhlich18031836Swiss
Friedrich Theodor Fröhlich
composer, composed over 300 pieces for piano
Adolphe Adam18031856French
Adolphe Adam
composer, best known for his ballet score, Giselle
Hector Berlioz18031869French
Hector Berlioz
composer, famous for his programmatic symphony, Symphonie Fantastique
Henri Herz18031888Austriancomposer and pianist
Franz Lachner18031890Germancomposer and conductor, brother of Ignaz Lachner and Vinzenz Lachner
Louise Farrenc18041875Frenchcomposer of three symphonies and many chamber works including the earliest known sextet for piano and wind quintet (1852)
Mikhail Glinka18041857Russian
Mikhail Glinka
nationalist composer whose works include the opera, A Life for the Tsar
Johann Strauss I18041849Austrian
Johann Strauss I
dance music composer, famous for Radetzky March
Fanny Mendelssohn18051847Germancomposer and pianist, sister of Felix Mendelssohn, mainly known for her vocal compositions and chamber music
Leopold von Zenetti18051892Austriancomposer, mainly known for being one of Anton Bruckner's masters
Napoléon Coste18051883Frenchvirtuoso guitarist, teacher and composer
Juan Crisóstomo Arriaga18061826Spanishcomposer who died at nineteen and by which time he had already been nicknamed the "Spanish Mozart" for his Symphony in D and three string quartets
Johann Kaspar Mertz18061856Hungariancomposer, known for his guitar pieces
Johann Friedrich Franz Burgmüller18061874Germancomposer and pianist
Carlo Curti18071872Italiancellist, performer and educator at Royal School of Music in Parma who composed cello and piano music
Ignaz Lachner18071895Germanconductor, composer and organist, a prolific composer, notable for his chamber music such as his string quartets and trios
Michael William Balfe18081870Irishconductor and composer, remembered for his opera, The Bohemian Girl
Sebastián Iradier18091865Spanishcomposer, best known for La Paloma
Felix Mendelssohn18091847German
Felix Mendelssohn
conductor, music-director, composer and pianist, brother of Fanny Mendelssohn, best known for Wedding March from A Midsummer Night's Dream
Otto Lindblad18091864Swedishcomposer
Frédéric Chopin18101849Polish-French
Frédéric Chopin
composer and virtuoso pianist, his output includes nocturnes, ballade, scherzos, etudes and a number of Polish dances such as mazurkas, polonaises and waltzes (including Minute Waltz)
Ferenc Erkel18101893Hungariancomposer of grand opera
Otto Nicolai18101849Germanopera composer and conductor, best known for The Merry Wives of Windsor
Norbert Burgmüller18101836Germancomposer and brother of Friedrich Burgmüller, praised by Robert Schumann
Robert Schumann18101856German
Robert Schumann
composer and pianist, husband of Clara Schumann, a significant lieder writer, a prolific composer, wrote many short piano pieces, four symphonies, concerti and chamber music
Ludwig Schuncke18101834Germancomposer and pianist
Ferdinand David18101873Germancomposer and violinist
Vinzenz Lachner18111893Germancomposer, brother of Franz Lachner and Ignaz Lachner
Franz Liszt18111886Hungarian
Franz Liszt
composer and virtuoso pianist, wrote a number of symphonic poems and extended piano technique, best known for his Hungarian Rhapsodies and other solo piano works, one of the most influential and distinguished piano composers of the Romantic era
Ferdinand Hiller18111885Germancomposer, conductor, writer and music-director, close friend of Felix Mendelssohn
Wilhelm Taubert18111891Germanpianist, composer and conductor whose early works received praise from Felix Mendelssohn
Ambroise Thomas18111896French
Ambroise Thomas
composer, best known for his two operas, Mignon and Hamlet
Spyridon Xyndas18121896Greekopera composer and guitarist
Sigismond Thalberg18121871Austriancomposer and one of the most distinguished pianists of the Romantic era
Louis-Antoine Jullien18121860Frenchconductor and composer of light music, king of promenade concerts in England
Emilie Mayer18121883German
Emilie Mayer
composer of eight symphonies as well as overtures, lieder and numerous chamber works
Friedrich von Flotow18121883German
Friedrich von Flotow
composer, chiefly remembered for his opera, Martha
Alexandre Dubuque18121898Russian-Frenchcomposer, known for teaching
Johann Rufinatscha18121893Austriancomposer
Alexander Dargomyzhsky18131869Russian
Alexander Dargomyzhsky
composer
Semen Hulak-Artemovsky18131873Ukrainian
Semen Hulak-Artemovsky
opera composer, singer (baritone), actor and dramatist
George Alexander Macfarren18131887Englishmajor opera composer, best known for Robin Hood, She Stoops to Conquer and Helvellyn, also known as a teacher
Stephen Heller18131888Hungariancomposer, highly affected the late Romantic composers
Richard Wagner18131883German
Richard Wagner
major opera composer, best known for his cycle of four operas, Der Ring des Nibelungen
Ernst Haberbier18131869Germancomposer
Giuseppe Verdi18131901Italian
Giuseppe Verdi
major opera composer, best known for Nabucco, Rigoletto, La Traviata, Aida and Otello
Charles-Valentin Alkan18131888Frenchcomposer and virtuoso pianist
Andonios Liveralis18141842Greekopera composer and conductor
Giuseppe Lillo18141863Italiancomposer, best known for his operas among which is worth noting Odda di Bernaver and Caterina Howard
Adolf von Henselt18141889Germancomposer and pianist
Josephine Lang18151880Germancomposer and pianist
Ferdinand Praeger18151891Germancomposer and pianist
Robert Volkmann18151883Germancomposer, companion of Johannes Brahms
Józef Władysław Krogulski18151842Polishcomposer and pianist
William Sterndale Bennett18161875Englishcomposer, conductor and editor
Charles Dancla18171907Frenchviolinist, composer and teacher
Émile Prudent18171863Frenchpianist and composer
Károly Thern18171886Hungariancomposer, conductor and teacher
Niels Gade18171890Danishcomposer, violinist and organist
Henry Litolff18181891Britishpianist, composer and music publisher, best known for his five Concerto Symphoniques
Charles Gounod18181893French
Charles Gounod
composer, best known for his two operas, Faust and Roméo et Juliette
Antonio Bazzini18181897Italianviolinist, composer and teacher, best known for The Dance of the Goblins
Alexander Dreyschock18181869Czechpianist and composer
Jacques Offenbach18191880French
Jacques Offenbach
opera and operetta composer, known for The Tales of Hoffmann and Orpheus in the Underworld
Franz von Suppé18191895Austrian
Franz von Suppé
composer and conductor, notable for his operetta, Light Cavalry
Stanisław Moniuszko18191872Polishcomposer, best known as the Father of Polish National Opera
Clara Schumann18191896Germancomposer and pianist, wife of Robert Schumann, one of the leading pianists of the Romantic era
Vatroslav Lisinski18191854Croatiancomposer, famous for his first Croatian opera, Love and Malice and his second Croatian opera, Porin

Middle Romantic-era composers (born 1820–39)
Name Date born Date died Nationality Comments
Henri Vieuxtemps18201881Belgian
Henri Vieuxtemps
composer and violinist
Giovanni Bottesini18211889Italianconductor, composer and double bass virtuoso
Josip Runjanin18211878Croatiancomposer
Emilie Hammarskjöld18211854Swedishcomposer, concert pianist and organist
Joachim Raff18221882Swiss-born German
Joachim Raff
composer, best known for eleven symphonies, most of them program music
César Franck18221890Belgian-born French
César Franck
composer, noted for his Symphony in D minor, also a significant composer for the organ
Luigi Arditi18221903Italiancomposer, violinist and conductor
Édouard Lalo18231892French
Édouard Lalo
composer, remembered for his Symphonie espagnole for violin and orchestra and his Cello Concerto
Theodor Kirchner18231903Germancomposer and pianist, he wrote over 1,000 piano pieces
Kurmangazy Sagyrbaev18231896Kazakhstanicomposer
Anton Bruckner18241896Austrian
Anton Bruckner
composer of nine large-scale symphonies (one incomplete) and two more unacknowledged
Bedřich Smetana18241884Czech
Bedřich Smetana
nationalist composer, best known for his cycle of six symphonic poems, Má vlast and his opera, The Bartered Bride
Carl Reinecke18241910Germancomposer, conductor and pianist, best known for his attachment to classical forms and conducted Gewandhausorchester for nearly 35 years
Jean-Baptiste Arban18251889Frenchcomposer and virtuoso cornetist, wrote the "Grande méthode complète pour cornet à pistons et de saxhorn" now referred to as the "Trumpeter's Bible"
Johann Strauss II18251899Austrian
Johann Strauss II
composer known as "The Waltz King", son of Austrian dance music composer Johann Strauss I and elder brother of Josef Strauss and Eduard Strauss, best known for Blue Danube Waltz and his opera, Die Fledermaus
Richard Hol18251904Dutchorgan composer
Stephen Foster18261864Americancomposer and songwriter known as "the father of American music", best known for "Oh! Susanna", "Camptown Races", "Old Folks at Home", "My Old Kentucky Home", "Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair", "Old Black Joe" and "Beautiful Dreamer"
Ivar Hallström18261901Swedishopera composer
Ludwig Minkus18261917Austriancomposer of ballet music
Prince Gustaf, Duke of Uppland18271852Swedishcomposer and the second son of Oscar I of Sweden
Josef Strauss18271870Austriancomposer and younger brother of Johann Strauss II
Adolphe Blanc18281885Frenchcomposer of chamber music
Adrien Barthe18281898Frenchcomposer
Eduard Rohde18281883Germancomposer and organist
Johann Dubez18281891Austriancomposer and mandolinist
Jacques Blumenthal18291908Germancomposer
Patrick Gilmore18291892Irish-born Americancomposer and bandleader, best known for his song, When Johnny Comes Marching Home
Louis Moreau Gottschalk18291869Americancomposer, famous for performing his own romantic piano works
Anton Rubinstein18291894Russianconductor, composer and pianist
Karl Goldmark18301915Hungarian
Karl Goldmark
composer
Hans von Bülow18301894Germanconductor, composer and virtuoso pianist
Theodor Leschetizky18301915Polishpianist, professor and composer
Ivan Larionov18301889Russiancomposer, writer and folklorist
Kornelije Stanković18311865Serbiancomposer
Jan Gerard Palm18311906Curaçaoancomposer, best known for his mazurkas, waltzes, danzas, tumbas, fantasies and serenades
Hiromori Hayashi18311896Japanesecomposer, known for the Japanese national anthem, Kimigayo
Joseph Joachim18311907Hungariancomposer, violinist, conductor and teacher
Eduardo Mezzacapo18321898Italianmandolin virtuoso, composer and teacher, known for Aubade for Mandolin, Violin and Guitar and Tarantella "Napoli"
August Söderman18321876Swedishcomposer, best known for his lieder and choral works
Ivan Zajc18321914Croatiancomposer, conductor, director and teacher, best known for his opera, Nikola Šubić Zrinski and his Croatian patriotic song, U boj, u boj
Francis Edward Bache18331858Englishcomposer and organist
Alexander Borodin18331887Russianchemist and nationalist composer, part of the Russian Five, wrote the opera, Prince Igor
Johannes Brahms18331897German
Johannes Brahms
composer, one of the leading musicians of the Romantic period, best known for his four symphonies, Violin Concerto, two piano concertos, and A German Requiem
Amilcare Ponchielli18341886Italian
Amilcare Ponchielli
opera composer, known for La Gioconda
Tekla Bądarzewska-Baranowska18341861Polishcomposer
Julius Reubke18341858German
Julius Reubke
piano and organ composer, known for Sonata on the 94th Psalm
Peter Benoit18341901Flemishcomposer
Giuseppe Branzoli18351909Italianmandolinist, violinist, composer and music historian
Felix Draeseke18351913Germancomposer
Camille Saint-Saëns18351921French
Camille Saint-Saëns
music critic, composer, pianist and an exceptional organist, best known for his biblical opera, Samson et Dalila
Henryk Wieniawski18351880Polish
Henryk Wieniawski
composer and violinist, famous for two concertos and character pieces of exceptional difficulty
Eduard Strauss18351916Austriancomposer and younger brother of Johann Strauss II and Josef Strauss
César Cui18351918Russian
César Cui
army officer, music critic and composer of the Russian Five
Davorin Jenko18351914Slovenian-born Serbiancomposer and conductor
Friedrich Baumfelder18361916Germanpiano, choral, and orchestra composer, in his day known for his 'Tirocinium musicae' and today known for his 'Melody in F major'
Léo Delibes18361891Frenchcomposer, one of the first significant ballet composers since the Baroque music, known for Coppélia, Sylvia, and Lakmé
Antônio Carlos Gomes18361896Brazilianopera composer, praised by Franz Liszt and Giuseppe Verdi whose Il Guarany premiered at La Scala in 1870, a first opera ballo for the composer from the New World
Bertha Tammelin18361915Swedishcomposer, concert pianist and opera singer
Julius Weissenborn18371888Germanbassoonist, composer and music teacher, famous for his Practical Bassoon School
Tigran Chukhajian18371898Turkish-Armeniancomposer, conductor, public activist and the founder of the first opera institution in the Ottoman Empire
Émile Waldteufel18371915French
Émile Waldteufel
composer of light music
Mily Balakirev18371910Russian
Mily Balakirev
nationalist composer and the leader of the Russian Five
Georges Bizet18381875French
Georges Bizet
composer, best known for his final opera, Carmen
Max Bruch18381920German
Max Bruch
composer, known for his Violin Concerto No. 1, Scottish Fantasy and Kol Nidrei for cello and orchestra
Modest Mussorgsky18391881Russian
Modest Mussorgsky
nationalist composer and the member of the Russian Five, best known for his orchestral tone poem, Night on Bald Mountain and his piano suite, Pictures at an Exhibition
John Knowles Paine18391906Americanfirst native-born American composer to acquire international fame for his large-scale orchestral music
Josef Rheinberger18391901Germancomposer and organist, born in Liechtenstein, primarily noted for his organ music including 20 sonatas
Eduard Nápravník18391916Czech
Eduard Nápravník
conductor and composer

Late Romantic-era composers (born 1840–59)
Name Date born Date died Nationality Comments
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky18401893Russian
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
composer, best known for his three ballets, The Nutcracker, Swan Lake and The Sleeping Beauty, his opera, Eugene Onegin, his 1812 Overture, his Piano Concerto No. 1, his Violin Concerto and his six symphonies
John Stainer18401901Englishcomposer and organist
Louis-Albert Bourgault-Ducoudray18401910Frenchcomposer
Johan Svendsen18401911Norwegiancomposer, conductor and violinist
Louis Brassin18401884Belgianpianist, composer and music educator, best known for his piano transcription of the Magic Fire Music from Wagner's Die Walküre
Emmanuel Chabrier18411894French
Emmanuel Chabrier
composer who influenced Maurice Ravel, Les Six, Jean Françaix and many other French composers, known for the opera, L'étoile and the rhapsody, España
Felip Pedrell18411922Spanishcomposer of opera, zarzuela and church music who taught and influenced Isaac Albéniz, Enrique Granados and Manuel de Falla
Giovanni Sgambati18411914Italiancomposer, conductor and pianist
Antonín Dvořák18411904Czech
Antonín Dvořák
composer, best known for New World Symphony
Giuseppe Silvestri18411921Italiancomposer and mandolin virtuoso
Arrigo Boito18421918Italian
Arrigo Boito
composer and librettist, known as a composer for his opera, Mefistofele
Mykola Lysenko18421912Ukrainian
Mykola Lysenko
composer, pianist, conductor and ethnomusicologist
Johann Nepomuk Fuchs18421899Austriancomposer, conductor, teacher and editor
Jules Massenet18421912French
Jules Massenet
composer, best known for his two operas, Manon and Werther and the Méditation for violin from the opera, Thaïs
Arthur Sullivan18421900English
Arthur Sullivan
composer, known for his operettas in collaboration with William Schwenck Gilbert
Calixa Lavallée18421891Canadiancomposer, known for the Canadian national anthem, O Canada
Émile Bernard18431902Frenchcomposer and organist, known for his Divertissement For Doubled Wind Quintet
Edvard Grieg18431907Norwegian
Edvard Grieg
composer, known for his 1875 incidental music, Peer Gynt
David Popper18431913Czechcomposer and virtuoso cellist, known for his 40 etudes, 4 concertos and Hungarian Rhapsody for cello and orchestra
Paul Taffanel18441908French
Paul Taffanel
flautist, conductor and instructor, regarded as the founder of the French Flute School
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov18441908Russian
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
composer and the member of the Russian Five, best known for Flight of the Bumblebee from The Tale of Tsar Saltan
Pietro Armanini18441895Italiancomposer, virtuoso mandolinist and teacher, known for his performances and two dances, La cigale polka pour (The Grasshopper Polka) and L'éventail polka-mazurka (The Range Mazurka)
Pablo de Sarasate18441908Spanishvirtuoso violinist and composer, best known for Zigeunerweisen, Carmen Fantasy and his showpieces for the violin
Charles-Marie Widor18441937Frenchcomposer, known for his works for the organ
Friedrich Nietzsche18441900Germanphilologist, philosopher, cultural critic, poet and composer
Ion Ivanovici18451902Romaniancomposer, known for his waltz, Waves of the Danube
Gabriel Fauré18451924French
Gabriel Fauré
composer, known for his chamber music and his Requiem among other pieces
Oscar Hammerstein I18461919German-born Americanopera composer, businessman and impresario
Ignaz Brüll18461907Austriancomposer and pianist, famous for his opera, Das goldene Kreuz
Luigi Denza18461922Italianopera composer, composed and played for mandolin and guitar
Ferdinando de Cristofaro18461890Italianmandolin virtuoso, pianist, composer and music teacher
Zygmunt Noskowski18461909Polishcomposer, conductor and teacher
Robert Fuchs18471927Austriancomposer and music teacher
Chiquinha Gonzaga18471935Braziliancomposer, pianist, and conductor
Augusta Holmès18471903Frenchcomposer of Irish descent
Philipp Scharwenka18471917German-Polishcomposer and music teacher, brother of Xaver Scharwenka
Henri Duparc18481933Frenchcomposer, noted for seventeen melodies
Hubert Parry18481918English
Hubert Parry
composer, wrote choral song, Jerusalem
Benjamin Godard18491895Frenchcomposer and violinist
Ernesto Köhler18491907Italianflautist and composer, known by flautists for his instructional work, Progress in Flute Playing
Calogero Adolfo Bracco18501903Italianmandolinist, violinist, composer and conductor, known for I mandolini a congresso
Zdeněk Fibich18501900Czech
Zdeněk Fibich
composer, best known for his two operas, Šárka and The Bride of Messina
Xaver Scharwenka18501924German-Polishcomposer, pianist and music teacher, brother of Philipp Scharwenka
Alexandre Luigini18501906Frenchcomposer and conductor
Max Josef Beer18511908Austriancomposer
Josif Marinković18511931Serbiancomposer
Vincent d'Indy18511931French
Vincent d'Indy
composer, teacher of Erik Satie and Darius Milhaud among others
Francisco Tárrega18521909Spanishcomposer and virtuoso classical guitarist, known as 'the Father of modern classical guitar playing'
Hans Huber18521921Swisscomposer
Charles Villiers Stanford18521924Irish
Charles Villiers Stanford
composer
Ciprian Porumbescu18531883Romaniancomposer
Teresa Carreño18531917Venezuelancomposer and pianist
Engelbert Humperdinck18541921Germanopera composer, influenced by Richard Wagner, famous for Hänsel und Gretel
Leoš Janáček18541928Czechcomposer, known for his two operas, Káťa Kabanová and Jenůfa and his two orchestral pieces, Sinfonietta and Taras Bulba
Alfredo Catalani18541893Italian
Alfredo Catalani
composer, known for his two operas, Loreley and La Wally
Moritz Moszkowski18541925Germancomposer and pianist who wrote prolifically for the piano, also composed a piano concerto and a violin concerto
John Philip Sousa18541932American
John Philip Sousa
composer and conductor known as "The March King", best known for The Stars and Stripes Forever among other marches
Bernard Zweers18541924Dutch
Bernard Zweers
composer
George Whitefield Chadwick18541931Americancomposer
Ernest Chausson18551899French
Ernest Chausson
composer, influenced by César Franck and Richard Wagner, seen as a bridge from them to Claude Debussy
Jean Pietrapertosa18551940Italian-Frenchcomposer and mandolin virtuoso
Julius Röntgen18551932German-Dutchcomposer, influenced by Johannes Brahms, close friend to Edvard Grieg
Anatoly Lyadov18551914Russian
Anatoly Lyadov
composer, teacher and conductor
Arnold Mendelssohn18551933Germancomposer and music teacher
Stevan Mokranjac18561914Serbiancomposer
Giuseppe Martucci18561909Italiancomposer and music teacher
Frank White Meacham18561909Americancomposer and arranger of Tin Pan Alley, best known for his popular march, American Patrol
Sergei Taneyev18561915Russian
Sergei Taneyev
composer, pianist and music teacher
Christian Sinding18561941Norwegian
Christian Sinding
composer
Edward Elgar18571934English
Edward Elgar
composer, wrote oratorios, chamber music, concertos and symphonies, best known for his Enigma Variations, Salut d'Amour, Cello Concerto and his Pomp and Circumstance Marches
Cécile Chaminade18571944Frenchcomposer and pianist
Ruggero Leoncavallo18571919Italian
Ruggero Leoncavallo
opera composer, known almost exclusively for Pagliacci
Edwin Eugene Bagley18571922Americancomposer, most famous for composing the march, National Emblem
Mathilde Kralik18571944Austrian
Mathilde Kralik
composer, pupil of Anton Bruckner
Giacomo Puccini18581924Italian
Giacomo Puccini
opera composer, known for La bohème, Tosca and Madama Butterfly
Jenő Hubay18581937Hungarianviolinist, composer and music teacher, also known by his German name Eugen Huber
Eugène Ysaÿe18581931Belgian
Eugène Ysaÿe
composer and virtuoso violinist, known for his solo sonatas for violin
Hans Rott18581884Austriancomposer and organist, favorite student of Anton Bruckner and praised by Gustav Mahler
Carlo Curti18591926Italian
Carlo Curti
composer, conductor and instrumentalist on xylophone and mandolin, wrote mandolin method. Also, he conducted the first Mexican Typical Orchestra (Orquesta Típica Mexicana)
Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov18591935Russiancomposer, conductor and teacher
Victor Herbert18591924Irish-born Americancomposer, cellist and conductor, best known for his 1903 operetta, Babes in Toyland
Sergei Lyapunov18591924Russiancomposer and pianist
Per Lasson18591883Norwegiancomposer, brother of Norwegian painter, Oda Krohg

Post Romantic-era composers (born 1860–79)
Name Date born Date died Nationality Comments
Isaac Albéniz18601909Spanish
Isaac Albéniz
composer, known for nationalist piano works such as Iberia and a 'set of 12 piano pieces'
Valborg Aulin18601928SwedishFemale pianist and composer
Gustave Charpentier18601956French
Gustave Charpentier
composer, best known for his opera, Louise
Gustav Mahler18601911Austrian
Gustav Mahler
composer, one of the most important late-Romantic/early-Modernist composers, his works include ten innovative large-scale and sometimes programmatic symphonies and many lieder
Edward MacDowell18601908American
Edward MacDowell
composer, best known for his piano concertos and piano suites, his works include his most popular short piece, "To a Wild Rose"
Hugo Wolf18601903Austrian
Hugo Wolf
composer of lieder, influenced by Richard Wagner
Ignacy Jan Paderewski18601941Polishpianist and composer
Anton Arensky18611906Russiancomposer, pianist and music teacher
Spyridon Samaras18611917Greekopera composer, widely known for his composition of the song, "Olympic Hymn"
Wilhelm Berger18611911Germancomposer, pianist and conductor
Georgy Catoire18611926Russiancomposer
Václav Suk18611933Czech-born Russiancomposer, violinist and conductor
Euphemia Allen18611948Britishcomposer, known for her song, Chopsticks
Claude Debussy18621918French
Claude Debussy
composer, one of the most prominent figures working within the field of Impressionist music, best known for Clair de Lune from Suite bergamasque
Frederick Delius18621934English
Frederick Delius
composer, used chromaticism in many of his compositions
Edward German18621936English
Edward German
composer of Welsh descent, known for his three comic operas, Merrie England, A Princess of Kensington and Tom Jones
Alberto Williams18621952Argentinecomposer and conductor
Emil von Sauer18621942Germancomposer, pianist, editor and teacher
Pietro Mascagni18631945Italian
Pietro Mascagni
opera composer, known for Cavalleria Rusticana
Horatio Parker18631919American
Horatio Parker
composer, organist and teacher
Gabriel Pierné18631937Frenchcomposer, conductor and organist
Ricardo Castro18641907Mexicancomposer, works include piano music
Sakunosuke Koyama18641927Japanesecomposer and music teacher
Alberto Nepomuceno18641920Brazilian
Alberto Nepomuceno
composer
Clarence L. Partee18641915American
Clarence L. Partee
composer for banjo, mandolin and guitar
Guy Ropartz18641955Frenchcomposer and conductor
Richard Strauss18641949German
Richard Strauss
composer, known for Also Sprach Zarathustra (based on the book, Thus Spoke Zarathustra by Friedrich Nietzsche), wrote many symphonic poems, operas and lieder
Paul Dukas18651935French
Paul Dukas
composer, known for his piece of program music, The Sorcerer's Apprentice
Eduardo di Capua18651917Italiancomposer, known for his song, "’O sole mio"
Herbert J. Ellis18651903Englishmusician (banjo, mandolin and guitar), wrote method books, more than 1000 compositions
Paul Gilson18651942Belgianmusician and composer
Alexander Glazunov18651936Russian
Alexander Glazunov
composer, influenced by Richard Wagner and Franz Liszt
Albéric Magnard18651914French
Albéric Magnard
composer
Carl Nielsen18651931Danish
Carl Nielsen
composer, renowned for his six symphonies and concerti
Jean Sibelius18651957Finnish
Jean Sibelius
composer of seven symphonies and the Violin Concerto in D minor, known also for the symphonic poems include Finlandia, En saga, Lemminkäinen (which includes the Swan of Tuonela), The Oceanides, and Tapiola
Vasily Kalinnikov18661901Russiancomposer of two symphonies
Tor Aulin18661914Swedishviolinist, conductor and composer
Ferruccio Busoni18661924Italian
Ferruccio Busoni
composer and pianist, known for his opera, Turandot and his many transcriptions and arrangements of Johann Sebastian Bach
Francesco Cilea18661950Italiancomposer, particularly known for his two operas, L'arlesiana and Adriana Lecouvreur
Vladimir Rebikov18661920Russiancomposer and pianist
Erik Satie18661925French
Erik Satie
composer and pianist, best known for Les Trois Gymnopédies
Johann Strauss III18661939Austriancomposer, son of Eduard Strauss
Learmont Drysdale18661909Scottishcomposer
Samuel Maykapar18671938Russiancomposer
Amy Beach18671944American
Amy Beach
composer and pianist
Umberto Giordano18671948Italian
Umberto Giordano
opera composer
Enrique Granados18671916Spanish
Enrique Granados
composer and pianist, known for his piano works and chamber music
Wilhelm Peterson-Berger18671942Swedish
Wilhelm Peterson-Berger
composer, wrote symphonies, operas, vocal and piano music
Charles Koechlin18671950Frenchcomposer, teacher and writer on music
Scott Joplin18681917American
Scott Joplin
composer and pianist known as "The Ragtime King", best known for Maple Leaf Rag and The Entertainer among other ragtime compositions
Granville Bantock18681946Britishcomposer
Hermann Bischoff18681936Germancomposer
Hamish MacCunn18681916Scottishcomposer, conductor and teacher
Vittorio Monti18681922Italiancomposer, violinist and conductor, most famous for Csárdás
José Vianna da Motta18681948Portuguesepianist, teacher and composer, most famous for Symphony 'À Pátria', Op. 13
Juventino Rosas18681894Mexican
Juventino Rosas
composer, known for his song, "Sobre las Olas"
Jan Brandts Buys18681933Dutch-Austriancomposer
Tokichi Setoguchi18681941Japanesecomposer, music educator, conductor and clarinetist, famous for Warship March
Seth Weeks18681953American
Seth Weeks
composer, music educator, jazz bandleader and mandolinist
Siegfried Wagner18691930Germanopera composer, conductor and the son of Richard Wagner
Demetrios Lialios18691940Greekcomposer of chamber music
Julius Conus18691942Russiancomposer and violinist
Albert Roussel18691937French
Albert Roussel
composer
Armas Järnefelt18691958Finnishcomposer and conductor
Harry Lawrence Freeman18691954Americanopera composer, conductor, impresario and teacher, best known for his African-American opera, Voodoo
Alfred Hill18691960Australian-New Zealandcomposer, conductor and teacher
Leopold Godowsky18701938Polishcomposer, pianist and teacher
Zygmunt Stojowski18701946Polishcomposer and pianist
Franz Lehár18701948Hungariancomposer, mainly known for his operettas
Florent Schmitt18701958Frenchcomposer
Luigi von Kunits18701931Serbian-born Austriancomposer and conductor, founder of the Pittsburg and Toronto symphony orchestras
Guillaume Lekeu18701894Belgiancomposer, known for his violin sonata
Nobu Kōda18701946Japanesecomposer, violinist and music teacher
Alfredo D'Ambrosio18711914Italianviolinist and composer
Giacomo Balla18711958Italianfuturist composer and artist
Zacharia Paliashvili18711933Georgian
Zacharia Paliashvili
composer, known for the eclectic fusion of Georgian folk songs and stories with 19th century Romantic classical themes. He was the founder of the Georgian Philharmonic Society and later, the head of the Tbilisi State Conservatoire
Henry Kimball Hadley18711937Americancomposer and conductor, known for the opera, Cleopatra's Night
Oreste Ravanello18711938Italiancomposer, known for works for choir and for organ
Wilhelm Stenhammar18711927Swedish
Wilhelm Stenhammar
composer, conductor and pianist
Alexander von Zemlinsky18711942Austrian
Alexander von Zemlinsky
composer and music teacher, his students include Arnold Schoenberg and Erich Wolfgang Korngold
Stanislav Binički18721942Serbiancomposer
Hugo Alfvén18721960Swedish
Hugo Alfvén
composer, known for Swedish Rhapsody, works include choral music and five symphonies
Julius Fučík18721916Czech
Julius Fučík
composer and conductor of military bands, known for Entrance of the Gladiators
Rubin Goldmark18721936Americancomposer, pianist, educator and nephew of Karl Goldmark
Alexander Scriabin18721915Russian
Alexander Scriabin
composer and pianist, known for his harmonically adventurous piano sonatas and theatrically orchestral works
Ralph Vaughan Williams18721958English
Ralph Vaughan Williams
composer, his works include nine symphonies, Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis and other orchestral poems
Salvator Léonardi18721938Italiancomposer, performer and teacher, known for Souvenir de Catania, Souvenir de Napoli, Souvenir de Sicile and Angeli e Demoni
William Henry Bell18731946Englishcomposer, conductor and lecturer
Leo Fall18731925Austriancomposer of operettas
Pascual Marquina Narro18731948Spanishprolific orchestral and operatic composer
Sergei Rachmaninoff18731943Russian
Sergei Rachmaninoff
composer, conductor and virtuoso pianist, wrote three symphonies, four piano concertos, Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini and solo piano music
Max Reger18731916Germanprolific composer, known for his Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Mozart
Reynaldo Hahn18741947Venezuelancomposer, known for his strikingly beautiful and unabashedly tonal melodies
Gustav Holst18741934English
Gustav Holst
composer, best known for his orchestral suite, The Planets
Charles Ives18741954Americancomposer, member of the American Five, best known for The Unanswered Question and his Concord Sonata
Arnold Schoenberg18741951Austrian-American
Arnold Schoenberg
composer, whose early works (e.g. Verklärte Nacht) are influenced by Richard Wagner, but subsequently developed atonalism and serialism with such watershed works as Moses und Aron
Josef Suk18741935Czech
Josef Suk
composer and violinist
Franz Schmidt18741939Austriancomposer, influenced by Anton Bruckner and Johannes Brahms
Reinhold Glière18751956Russian
Reinhold Glière
composer
Julián Carrillo18751965Mexicancomposer, conductor, violinist and music theorist
Fritz Kreisler18751962Austriancomposer and virtuoso violinist, known for his sweet sound, composed short showpieces for the violin
Richard Wetz18751935Germancomposer, influenced by Anton Bruckner
Maurice Ravel18751937French
Maurice Ravel
composer, best known for Boléro
Franco Alfano18751954Italiancomposer and pianist
Albert Ketèlbey18751959Englishcomposer, conductor and pianist
Samuel Coleridge-Taylor18751912Englishcomposer, known for his trilogy of cantatas, The Song of Hiawatha
Alexander Koshetz18751944Ukrainian
Alexander Koshetz
choral conductor, arranger, composer, ethnographer, writer, musicologist and lecturer
Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis18751911Lithuanianpainter and composer
Henriette Renié18751956Frenchharpist and composer
Edgar Bara18761962Frenchmandolinist and composer, conducted mandolin orchestra
John Alden Carpenter18761951Americancomposer
Manuel de Falla18761946Spanish
Manuel de Falla
composer, best known for The Three-Cornered Hat
Flor Alpaerts18761954Belgiancomposer, notable students include the two composers, Denise Tolkowsky and Ernest Schuyten
Mieczysław Karłowicz18761909Polish
Mieczysław Karłowicz
composer, his style is of late-Romantic and nationalist character
Filippo Tommaso Marinetti18761944Italianfuturist composer, poet, and editor
Fermo Dante Marchetti18761940Italiancomposer, best known for the song, "Fascination"
Ludolf Nielsen18761939Danishcomposer, violinist, conductor and pianist
Carl Ruggles18761971Americancomposer, painter and the member of the American Five, best known for his orchestral work, Sun-Treader
Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari18761948Italian
Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari
composer and music teacher, known for his comic operas
Nakao Tozan18761956Japaneseperformer and prolific composer, known for his works of the Tozan school
Petar Krstić18771957Serbiancomposer and conductor
Antonio Russolo18771942Italianfuturist composer and brother of Luigi Russolo
Ernst von Dohnányi18771960Hungarianconductor, composer and pianist
Elisabeth Kuyper18771953Dutchcomposer and conductor
Paul Ladmirault18771944Frenchcomposer
Mykola Leontovych18771921Ukrainian
Mykola Leontovych
composer, choral conductor and teacher, known for his arrangement of the carol "Shchedryk", known in English as "Carol of the Bells" or as "Ring Christmas Bells"
Sergei Bortkiewicz18771952Ukrainian
Sergei Bortkiewicz
composer and pianist
Isidor Bajić18781915Serbiancomposer, conductor, teacher and publisher
Gabriel Dupont18781914French
Gabriel Dupont
composer, known for his operas and chamber music
Joseph Holbrooke18781958Englishcomposer, conductor and pianist
Franz Schreker18781934Austrianconductor, composer and music teacher, primarily a composer of operas
Teiichi Okano18781941Japanesecomposer
Frank Bridge18791941English
Frank Bridge
composer, best known as the teacher of Benjamin Britten; compositions include Oration for cello and orchestra, The Sea for orchestra and four string quartets
Viggo Brodersen18791965Danishcomposer and pianist
Joseph Canteloube18791957French
Joseph Canteloube
composer, primarily known for Chants d'Auvergne
Hamilton Harty18791941Irishcomposer and conductor, best known for An Irish Symphony
John Ireland18791962Englishcomposer, whose Piano Concerto is representative
Alma Mahler18791964Austriancomposer and wife of Gustav Mahler
Otto Olsson18791964Swedishcomposer
Ottorino Respighi18791936Italiancomposer, known for his three symphonic poems, Fountains of Rome, Pines of Rome, and Roman Festivals
Rudolf Sieczyński18791952Austrian
Rudolf Sieczyński
composer
Cyril Scott18791970Englishcomposer, writer and poet
Rentarō Taki18791903Japanese
Rentarō Taki
composer and pianist

Timeline
Modest MussorgskyGeorges BizetCamille Saint-SaënsHenryk WieniawskiJulius ReubkeJohannes BrahmsAlexander BorodinFrancis Edward BacheKarl GoldmarkAnton RubinsteinLouis Moreau GottschalkJosef StraussJohann Strauss IIAnton BrucknerBedřich SmetanaCésar FranckClara SchumannJacques OffenbachCharles GounodRobert VolkmannGiuseppe VerdiCharles-Valentin AlkanRichard WagnerFranz LisztRobert SchumannFrédéric ChopinNorbert BurgmüllerOtto LindbladFelix MendelssohnMichael William BalfeFanny MendelssohnJohann Strauss IHector BerliozMikhail GlinkaVincenzo BelliniGaetano DonizettiFranz SchubertCarl LoeweFranz BerwaldGiacomo MeyerbeerCarl CzernyCarl Maria von WeberLouis SpohrDaniel AuberNiccolò PaganiniJohn Field (composer)Fernando SorJohann Nepomuk HummelLudwig van Beethoven
Nikolai MedtnerOttorino RespighiJoseph CanteloubeReinhold GlièreFranz SchmidtJosef SukSergei RachmaninoffAlexander ScriabinWilhelm StenhammarAmy BeachEnrique GranadosFerruccio BusoniVasily KalinnikovJean SibeliusAlexander GlazunovPaul DukasCarl NielsenAlbéric MagnardRichard StraussEdward GermanGustave CharpentierGustav MahlerHugo WolfSergei LyapunovGiacomo PucciniEdward ElgarChristian SindingSergei TaneyevAnatoly LyadovErnest ChaussonGeorge Whitefield ChadwickLeoš JanáčekEngelbert Humperdinck (composer)Charles Villiers StanfordHans Huber (composer)Alexandre LuiginiHubert ParryRobert FuchsAugusta HolmèsCharles-Marie WidorGabriel FauréNikolai Rimsky-KorsakovEdvard GriegArrigo BoitoArthur SullivanJohann Nepomuk Fuchs (composer)Antonín DvořákJohan SvendsenJohn StainerPyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
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gollark: Advertising.
gollark: Isn't that a misunderstanding of fiduciary duty? I vaguely remember reading that.

See also

References

Notes

  1. Classical Net

Sources

  • Classical Net, Timeline of Major Composers 1600–Present (PDF), retrieved 6 May 2009 from Classical Net – Composers and Their Works – Timelines

Further reading
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