Leaders of the Russian Civil War
The Leaders of the Russian Civil War listed below comprise the important political and military figures of the Russian Civil War. The conflict, fought largely from 7 November 1917 to 25 October 1922, though with some conflicts in the Far East lasting until late 1923 and in Central Asia until 1934, was fought between numerous factions, the two largest being the Bolsheviks (The "Reds") and the White Movement (The "Whites"). While the Bolsheviks were centralized under the administration of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), led by Vladimir Lenin, along with their various satellite and buffer states, the White Movement was more decentralized, functioning as a loose confederation of anti-Bolshevik forces united only in opposition to their common enemy, though from September 1918 to April 1920, the White Armies were nominally united under the administration of the Russian State, during which, for nearly two years, Admiral Alexander Kolchak served as the overall head of the White Movement and as the internationally recognized Head of State of Russia. In addition to the two primary factions, the war also involved a number of third parties, including the anarchists of the Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine, and the non-ideological Green Armies.
Unlike the Bolsheviks and the White Movement, the various third party factions which took part in the conflict did not form a united front and often fought against each other as much as they fought against the larger belligerents, occasionally forming alliances when convenient, and breaking them almost as often. For instance, the Black Army fought alongside the Bolsheviks against the forces of Anton Denikin in South Russia, while the members of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party frequently cooperated with the White Army. A number of foreign nations also intervened against the Bolsheviks for various reasons, including the principal Allied Powers of World War I, and their German and Austro-Hungarian opponents. In addition, a number of independence movements took the opportunity to break free from Russian control in the aftermath of the collapse of the Russian Empire, primarily fighting against the Bolsheviks, as well as against the White Army on occasion.
Bolsheviks
Russian SFSR
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Council of People's Commissars
All-Russian Extraordinary Commission
Workers' and Peasants' Red Army
(People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs)
1st Cavalry Army:
2nd Cavalry Army:
Western Army:
Latvian Riflemen:
Eastern Front:
Southern Front:
Caucasus Front:
Northern Front:
Ukrainian Front:
Central Asian Front:
Far Eastern Republic
Ukrainian SSR
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Byelorussian SSR
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Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic
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White Movement
Russian State
(Supreme Ruler of Russia)
Northwestern Army:
(Commander-in-Chief)
Northern Army:
(Commander-in-Chief)
Arctic Ocean Flotilla:
Armed Forces of South Russia:
(Commander-in-Chief)
Black Sea Flotilla:
Turkestan Army:
Army of Wrangel:
(Commander-in-Chief)
Wrangel's Fleet:
People's Army of Komuch:
Siberian Army:
Ural Army:
Orenburg Independent Army:
Amur Front:
Siberian Flotilla:
Volunteer Army
(Commander-in-Chief)
Don Army District
Don Republic
Great Don Army:
Kuban People's Republic
Kuban Army:
Far Eastern Army
(Commander-in-Chief)
Asiatic Cavalry Division:
Provisional Priamurye Government
(Commander-in-Chief)
Czechoslovak Legion
Alash Autonomy
Turkestan Autonomy
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Third Party Factions
Black Army
Green Army
Socialist-Revolutionary Party
Left Socialist-Revolutionary Party
Kronstadt Uprising
Independence Movements
Polish Republic
Polish Army:
Blue Army:
Kingdom of Finland
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Belarusian People's Republic
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Crimean People's Republic
Democratic Republic of Georgia
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Democratic Republic of Armenia
Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan
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Ukrainian People's Republic
Central Council of Ukraine:
Directorate of Ukraine:
Ukrainian Army:
Galician Army:
Ukrainian Navy:
Far Eastern Ukrainian Army:
Ukrainian State
Emirate of Bukhara
Khanate of Khiva
Basmachi Movement
Mongolia
Allied Expeditionary Forces
United States
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British Empire
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Empire of Japan
Greece
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Romania
Central Powers Intervention
German Empire
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Austria-Hungary
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Ottoman Empire
References
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