Lake County, California

Lake County is a county located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 64,665.[3] The county seat is Lakeport.[5] The county takes its name from Clear Lake, the dominant geographic feature in the county and the largest natural lake wholly within California[6] (Lake Tahoe is partially in Nevada; the Salton Sea was formed by flooding).

Lake County, California
County
County of Lake
Clear Lake, the dominant geographic feature in Lake County
Seal
Location in the state of California
California's location in the United States
Country United States
State California
IncorporatedMay 20, 1861[1]
Named forClear Lake
County seatLakeport
Largest cityClearlake (population and area)
Area
 • Total1,329 sq mi (3,440 km2)
 • Land1,256 sq mi (3,250 km2)
 • Water73 sq mi (190 km2)
Highest elevation7,059 ft (2,152 m)
Population
 • Total64,665
 • Estimate 
(2019)[4]
64,386
 • Density49/sq mi (19/km2)
Time zoneUTC−8 (Pacific Standard Time)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−7 (Pacific Daylight Time)
Area code707
FIPS code06-033
GNIS feature ID277281
Websitehttps://www.lakecountyca.gov/

Lake County forms the Clearlake, California micropolitan statistical area.[7] It is directly north of the San Francisco Bay Area.

Lake County is part of California's Wine Country, which also includes Napa, Sonoma and Mendocino counties. It includes five American Viticultural Areas and over 35 wineries.

History

Lake County has been inhabited by Pomo Native Americans for over ten thousand years. Pomos had been fishermen and hunters, known especially for their intricate basketry made from lakeshore tules and other native plants and feathers. Pomo people continue to live in Lake County.[8]

Lake County was formed in 1861 from parts of Napa and Mendocino counties,[9] but the area had European-American settlers from at least the 1840s. Lake County has long been known as a farming community.

The 1911 California Blue Book lists the major crops as Bartlett pears and beans. Other crops include grain, alfalfa, hay, prunes, peaches, apples, grapes and walnuts. Stockraising included goats, hogs, turkeys and dairying.[10]

Some vineyards were planted in the 1870s by European Americans but the first in the state were established in the 18th century by Spanish missionaries. By the early 20th century, the area was earning a reputation for producing some of the world's greatest wines. However, in 1920, national Prohibition essentially ended Lake County's wine production. With authorized cultivation limited to sacramental purposes, most of the vineyards were ripped out and replanted with walnut and pear orchards.

Wine Country
Lake County vineyards

A re-emergence of Lake County's wine industry began in the 1960s when a few growers rediscovered the area's grape-growing potential and began planting vineyards. Several Lake County American Viticultural Areas, such as High Valley AVA and Red Hills Lake County AVA, have been recognized as having distinct character.

The area has increased vineyard acreage from fewer than 100 acres in 1965 to more than 9,455 acres of vineyard in 2015 (a 7.6 percent increase over 2014).[11] Lake County's grape prices, at $1,634 per ton overall, also reached an all-time high in 2015.[11] In 2014, Lake County surpassed Mendocino County in price paid per ton of grapes in the North Coast premium market.[12]

The number of wineries also continues to grow, with over 35 wineries now located in Lake County.[13]

Air quality

Lake County has been ranked by the American Lung Association as having the cleanest air in the nation, including in 2013, 2014 and 2015.[14] Lake County has also been ranked twenty-four times as having the cleanest air in California.[14] Currently, the American Lung Association's website gives Lake County air a "C" grade for high ozone days and an "A" grade for particle pollution.[15]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,329 square miles (3,440 km2), of which 1,256 square miles (3,250 km2) is land and 73 square miles (190 km2) (5.5%) is water.[16] Two main watercourses drain the county: Cache Creek, which is the outlet of Clear Lake; and Putah Creek. Both of these flow to the Sacramento River. The main streams which flow into Clear Lake are Forbes Creek, Scotts Creek, Middle Creek and Kelsey Creek. At the extreme north of the county Lake Pillsbury and the Van Arsdale Reservoir dam the Eel River, providing water and power to Ukiah in Mendocino County.

Clear Lake is believed to be the oldest warmwater lake in North America, due to a geological fluke. The lake sits on a huge block of stone which slowly tilts in the northern direction at the same rate as the lake fills in with sediment, thus keeping the water at roughly the same depth. The geology of the county is chaotic, being based on Franciscan Assemblage hills. Numerous small faults are present in the south end of the lake as well as many old volcanoes, the largest being Cobb Mountain. The geologic history of the county shows events of great violence, such as the eruption of Mount Konocti and Mount St. Helena and the collapse of Cow Mountain, which created the hills around the county seat of Lakeport. Blue Lakes, Lake Pillsbury, and Indian Valley Reservoir are the county's other major bodies of water.

Lake County has habitats for a variety of species of concern including the uncommon herb, Legenere limosa, the rare Eryngium constancei, and the tule elk. Waterfowl, bear, and other wildlife abound in the Clear Lake basin.

Due to its surrounding hilly terrain, Lake is the only one of California's 58 counties never to have been served by a railroad line.

Adjacent counties

National protected areas

In 2015 President Barack Obama created the Berryessa Snow Mountain National Monument, incorporating these and other areas.

State protected areas

Mineral springs

In the late 19th century, the worldwide popularity of mineral water for the relief of myriad physical ailments resulted in the development of mineral resorts around Clear Lake.[17]

  • Greene Bartlett discovered Bartlett hot springs in 1870. The springs were developed into a resort and by 1900 included a mineral water bottling plant. The resort burned down in 1934.[18]
  • Harbin Hot Springs was developed by settlers in the 1860s. Harbin burned to the ground in the Valley Fire of 2015. In January 2019 it partially reopened, including the main pools and sauna, and a limited cafetaria service.[19]
  • Highland Springs opened in 1891, and was destroyed by fire in 1945. During its time, Highland had an elegant dining room and a spacious hotel.[17]
  • Saratoga Springs Resort was opened by J. J. Liebert in 1873 with several cabins, and within two decades had room for 350 guests.[20]
  • Witter Springs Resort opened in 1873 with a hotel and guest cottages.[20]

Climate

Lake County has a mediterranean climate with hot summer daytime temperatures in its lower elevations. Nighttime temperatures remain cool year-round, somewhat moderating average temperatures and relieving the summer heat.

Climate data for Clearlake, California (1981–2010 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 76
(24)		 81
(27)		 84
(29)		 94
(34)		 101
(38)		 114
(46)		 113
(45)		 112
(44)		 111
(44)		 104
(40)		 92
(33)		 78
(26)		 114
(46)
Average high °F (°C) 55
(13)		 58
(14)		 62
(17)		 67
(19)		 75
(24)		 84
(29)		 92
(33)		 90
(32)		 85
(29)		 75
(24)		 62
(17)		 55
(13)		 72
(22)
Average low °F (°C) 32
(0)		 34
(1)		 36
(2)		 39
(4)		 45
(7)		 51
(11)		 55
(13)		 53
(12)		 49
(9)		 42
(6)		 35
(2)		 32
(0)		 42
(6)
Record low °F (°C) 8
(−13)		 16
(−9)		 17
(−8)		 23
(−5)		 28
(−2)		 34
(1)		 39
(4)		 40
(4)		 30
(−1)		 21
(−6)		 19
(−7)		 6
(−14)		 6
(−14)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 6.45
(164)		 5.91
(150)		 4.53
(115)		 1.73
(44)		 1.13
(29)		 .22
(5.6)		 .02
(0.51)		 .10
(2.5)		 .43
(11)		 1.44
(37)		 3.51
(89)		 5.95
(151)		 31.42
(798.61)
Source: [21]

Demographics

2011

Places by population, race, and income

2010
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
18702,969—
18806,596122.2%
18907,1017.7%
19006,017−15.3%
19105,526−8.2%
19205,402−2.2%
19307,16632.7%
19408,06912.6%
195011,48142.3%
196013,78620.1%
197019,54841.8%
198036,36686.0%
199050,63139.2%
200058,30915.2%
201064,66510.9%
Est. 201964,386[4]−0.4%
U.S. Decennial Census[29]
1790–1960[30] 1900–1990[31]
1990–2000[32] 2010–2015[3]

The 2010 United States Census reported that Lake County had a population of 64,665. The racial makeup of Lake County was 52,033 (80.5%) White, 1,232 (1.9%) African American, 2,049 (3.2%) Native American, 724 (1.1%) Asian, 108 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 5,455 (8.4%) from other races, and 3,064 (4.7%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11,088 persons (17.1%).[33]

2005

There were a total of 34,031 homes in Lake County in 2005. This county has gone through a growth in housing units, adding a sum of 1,414 residential structures since 2001, a change of 4.3 percent. Lake County ranks 978 of 3,141, compared to change in residential structure growth in counties throughout the Unities States.

Lake County had a median home value in the year 2005 of $255,300, according to the American Community Survey. This median is less than the overall California 2005 home median value of $477,700 and greater than median home value of $167,500 for the rest of the nation in that year. In 2005, the American Community Survey reported that 14.4% of Lake County's owner-occupied dwellings are valued over a half a million dollars.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.1% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 23.6% from 25 to 44, 26.8% from 45 to 64, and 19.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 97.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.7 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $49,627, and the median income for a family was $55,818. Males had a median income of $45,771 versus $44,026 for females. The per capita income for the county was $43,825. About 6.9% of families and 4.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.8% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau)

The recent sharp increase in per capita income can be directly linked to those people who have recently relocated to Lake County and telecommute to their jobs in the Bay Area. In addition, real estate values have risen due to a boom from 2003 to 2006, caused by Bay Area residents' discovery that Lake County residential real estate was lower in cost than that in adjacent Napa, Sonoma and Mendocino counties.

Within Lake County are two incorporated cities, the county seat of Lakeport and Clearlake, the largest city, and the communities of Kelseyville, Blue Lakes, Clearlake Oaks, Clearlake Park, Cobb, Finley, Glenhaven, Hidden Valley Lake, Clearlake Riviera, Loch Lomond, Lower Lake, Lucerne, Middletown, Nice, Spring Valley, Upper Lake, Whispering Pines, and Witter Springs.

The income of residents of the county varies widely. The county is the largest employer thus far, followed by large retailers such as Wal-Mart, Safeway, and Kmart. Several franchised retailers have recently entered the county (up 28% since 2003) and have created a diverse employment environment. Employment statistics continue to improve, again supported by the influx of Bay Area relocations and the benefit of telecommuting. Lake County is mostly agricultural, with tourist facilities and some light industry. Major crops include pears, walnuts and, increasingly, wine grapes.

2000

According to official estimates based on the 2000 Census, 30% of housing units in Lake County were manufactured housing units.[34] This was the highest percentage of any California county.[35]

Politics

Voter registration

Cities by population and voter registration

Overview

In its early history, Lake County leaned Democratic in Presidential and congressional elections. It supported every Democratic Presidential candidate between 1864 and 1916 except Alton B. Parker in his 1904 landslide defeat.[37] Nonetheless, between 1920 and 1984 Lake County tended towards being Republican and was won by just four Democratic nominees – Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932 and 1936, Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 and Jimmy Carter in 1976. Ronald Reagan in 1984 remains the last Republican to win a majority in the county, which has reverted to leaning Democratic.[37]

Presidential elections results
Lake County vote
by party in presidential elections[38]
Year GOP DEM Others
2016 42.95% 10,603 46.59% 11,500 10.45% 2,581
2012 39.33% 9,200 56.27% 13,163 4.39% 1,028
2008 38.76% 9,935 57.96% 14,854 3.28% 840
2004 44.88% 11,093 53.16% 13,141 1.96% 485
2000 41.58% 8,699 51.23% 10,717 7.19% 1,503
1996 34.96% 7,458 48.90% 10,432 16.15% 3,445
1992 28.77% 6,678 45.44% 10,548 25.79% 5,987
1988 48.03% 9,366 50.39% 9,828 1.58% 308
1984 54.83% 10,874 43.61% 8,648 1.56% 309
1980 53.64% 8,934 35.90% 5,978 10.46% 1,742
1976 44.46% 5,462 51.88% 6,374 3.65% 449
1972 55.12% 6,477 40.13% 4,715 4.75% 558
1968 49.00% 4,464 41.46% 3,777 9.55% 870
1964 43.56% 3,616 56.37% 4,680 0.07% 6
1960 58.74% 4,176 40.75% 2,897 0.51% 36
1956 64.84% 4,073 34.78% 2,185 0.38% 24
1952 67.52% 4,367 31.51% 2,038 0.97% 63
1948 57.27% 3,054 37.48% 1,999 5.25% 280
1944 54.97% 2,059 44.61% 1,671 0.43% 16
1940 53.36% 2,215 45.70% 1,897 0.94% 39
1936 48.74% 1,797 49.82% 1,837 1.44% 53
1932 34.75% 1,301 62.61% 2,344 2.64% 99
1928 65.37% 1,820 33.26% 926 1.36% 38
1924 44.94% 795 14.75% 261 40.31% 713
1920 57.23% 993 32.91% 571 9.86% 171
1916 35.42% 791 52.13% 1,164 12.45% 278
1912 0.00% 0 51.86% 1,118 48.14% 1,038
1908 42.84% 625 43.04% 628 14.12% 206
1904 45.40% 641 42.07% 594 12.54% 177
1900 41.45% 584 52.95% 746 5.61% 79
1896 38.00% 546 59.43% 854 2.57% 37
1892 37.15% 532 44.97% 644 17.88% 256

Lake County is split between California's 3rd and 5th congressional districts, represented by John Garamendi (D–Walnut Grove) and Mike Thompson (D–St. Helena), respectively.[39]

In the state legislature, Lake is part of the 4th Assembly district and the 2nd Senate district.

On November 4, 2008, Lake County voted 52.6% for Proposition 8, which amended the California Constitution to ban same-sex marriages.[40]

Lake County was one of the few Democratic-leaning counties in California to shift toward the Republican in the 2016 Presidential Election by any substantial margin, experiencing a 14 percent swing, the second-largest in the state for either candidate, and, after Stanislaus, the closest the GOP came to flipping a county that supported Obama in 2012.

Crime

The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.

Cities by population and crime rates

Economy

The main crops in 2011, 2014 and 2015 (in thousands of dollars) are:[43] [44][45]

2011 RankCrop201120142015
1Grapes, Wine38,45047,88058,867
2Pears, Bartlett14,88922,84819,575
3Nursery Products, Misc.3,5331,443942
4Walnuts, English2,3816,5346,732
5Cattle & Calves, Unspecified1,8952,1742,176
6Pears, Asian1,558----
7Field Crops, Unspecified1,1361,3971,810
8Pasture, Range405405720
9Pears, Unspecified4001,2801,161
10Vegetables, Unspecified193344286

Transportation

Major highways

There are also several numbered county routes in Lake County.

Public transportation

Lake Transit serves all areas around Clear Lake. Local routes serve Lakeport, Clearlake and Lower Lake. Connections are also provided to St. Helena (in Napa County) and Ukiah (in Mendocino County). Some routes operate on weekdays only; no service is provided on Sundays and observed public holidays.[46][47]

Airports

Lampson Field is the county's public airport. There are also several private airstrips located throughout the county.

Historical railroads

In 1888 the Vaca Valley and Clear Lake Railroad reached Rumsey, but the planned line to Clear Lake was never built. The Clear Lake Railroad started work on a line from Hopland to Lakeport: "In November 1911 first ground was broken for the Hopland-Clear Lake railroad to Hopland. Mrs Harriet Lee Hammond, wife of the president of the road started construction. ... There were six miles of track out of Hopland ...", but this was also abandoned.[48][49][50]

Communities
Topological map of central Lake County

Cities

Census-designated places

Unincorporated communities

Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Lake County.[51]

† county seat

Rank City/Town/etc. Municipal type Population (2010 Census)
1 Clearlake City 15,250
2 Hidden Valley Lake CDP 5,579
3 † Lakeport City 4,753
4 Kelseyville CDP 3,353
5 North Lakeport CDP 3,314
6 Clearlake Riviera CDP 3,090
7 Lucerne CDP 3,067
8 Nice CDP 2,731
9 Clearlake Oaks CDP 2,359
10 Cobb CDP 1,778
11 Middletown CDP 1,323
12 Lower Lake CDP 1,294
13 Upper Lake CDP 1,052
14 Soda Bay CDP 1,016
15 Spring Valley CDP 845
16 Robinson Rancheria (Pomo Indians)[52] AIAN 207
17 Big Valley Rancheria (Pomo Indians)[53] AIAN 139
18 Upper Lake Rancheria (Pomo Indians)[54] AIAN 87
19 Sulphur Bank Rancheria (Pomo Indians)[55] AIAN 61
20 Middletown Rancheria (Pomo Indians)[56] AIAN 56

Notable people
gollark: "polyamory involves multiple people → jealousy → bad"
gollark: 90% of political arguing is just bad equivocation, so expect that imminent.
gollark: Even unpopular ones like my website somehow.
gollark: * trash
gollark: All sufficient popular comment boxes are full of utter trahs.

See also

Notes
  1. Other = Some other race + Two or more races
  2. Native American = Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander + American Indian or Alaska Native
  3. Percentage of registered voters with respect to total population. Percentages of party members with respect to registered voters follow.
  4. Only larceny-theft cases involving property over $400 in value are reported as property crimes.

References
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