Humboldt County, California

Humboldt County is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 132,646.[4] The county seat is Eureka.[5]

County of Humboldt
County
Aerial view of Humboldt Bay
Seal
Location in the state of California
California's location in the United States
Country	United States
State	California
Region	California North Coast
Incorporated	May 12, 1853[1]
Named for	Humboldt Bay, which was named after Alexander von Humboldt
County seat	Eureka
Largest city	Eureka
Area
• Total	4,052 sq mi (10,490 km^2)
• Land	3,568 sq mi (9,240 km^2)
• Water	484 sq mi (1,250 km^2)
Highest elevation [2]	6,956 ft (2,120 m)
Population  (April 1, 2010)[3]
• Total	132,646
• Estimate  (2019)	135,558
• Density	33/sq mi (13/km^2)
Time zone	UTC−8 (Pacific Time Zone)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−7 (Pacific Daylight Time)
Area codes	707, 530
Website	humboldtgov.org

Humboldt County comprises the Eureka–Arcata–Fortuna, California Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is located on the far North Coast, about 270 miles (430 km) north of San Francisco.

Its primary population centers of Eureka, the site of College of the Redwoods main campus, and the smaller college town of Arcata, site of Humboldt State University, are located adjacent to Humboldt Bay, California's second largest natural bay.[6] Area cities and towns are known for hundreds of ornate examples of Victorian architecture.

Humboldt County is a densely forested mountainous and rural county with about 110 miles (180 km) of coastline (more than any other county in the state),[7] situated along the Pacific coast in Northern California's rugged Coast (Mountain) Ranges. With nearly 1,500,000 acres (6,100 km²) of combined public and private forest in production, Humboldt County alone produces twenty percent of total volume and thirty percent of the total value of all forest products produced in California.[8] The county contains over forty percent of all remaining old growth Coast Redwood forests,[9] the vast majority of which is protected or strictly conserved within dozens of national, state, and local forests and parks, totaling approximately 680,000 acres (1,060 sq mi).[10]

History

The original inhabitants of the area now known as Humboldt County include the Wiyot, Yurok, Hupa, Karuk, Chilula, Whilkut, and the Eel River Athapaskan peoples, including the Wailaki, Mattole and Nongatl.[11] Andrés de Urdaneta found the coast near Cape Mendocino then followed the coast south to Acapulco in 1565. Spanish traders made unintended visits to California with the Manila Galleons on their return trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565. Humboldt County was formed in 1853 from parts of Trinity County. The first recorded entry by people of European origin was a landing by the Spanish in 1775 in Trinidad.[11]

The first recorded entry of Humboldt Bay by non-natives was an 1806 visit from a sea otter hunting party from Sitka employed by the Russian American Company.[11] The hunting party included Captain Jonathan Winship, an American, and some Aleut hunters.[11][12] The bay was not visited again by people of European origin until 1849 when Josiah Gregg's party visited.[12] In 1850, Douglas Ottinger and Hans Buhne entered the bay, naming it Humboldt in honor of the great naturalist and world explorer, Alexander von Humboldt, and the name was later applied to the county as a whole.[13]

The area around Humboldt Bay was once solely inhabited by the Wiyot Indian tribe. One of the largest Wiyot villages, Tolowot, was located on Indian Island in Humboldt Bay. Founded around 900 BC, it contains a shell midden 6 acres (2.4 ha) in size and 14 feet (4.3 m) deep. It was the site of the February 26, 1860 massacre of the Wiyot people that was recorded by Bret Harte, then living in Union, now called Arcata. Between 60 and 200 Wiyot men, women, and children were murdered that night in the midst of religious ceremony. Tolowot is now a restricted site and a National Historic Landmark.[12] In 2019, the island was restored to the Wiyot tribe, and is now known as Tuluwat or Duluwat island.

State historic landmarks in Humboldt County include Arcata and Mad River Railroad, California's First Drilled Oil Wells in Petrolia, Camp Curtis, Centerville Beach Cross, the city of Eureka, the town of Ferndale, Fort Humboldt, Humboldt Harbor Historical District, the Jacoby Building, The Old Arrow Tree, Old Indian Village of Tsurai, the Town of Trinidad, and Trinidad Head.[12]

On February 5 and 6, 1885, Eureka's entire Chinese population of 300 men and 20 women were expelled after a gunfight between rival Chinese gangs (tongs) resulted in the wounding of a 12-year-old boy and the death of 56-year-old David Kendall, a Eureka City Councilman. After the shooting, an angry mob of 600 Eureka residents met and informed the Chinese that they were no longer wanted in Eureka and would be hanged if they were to stay in town longer than 3 p.m. the next day. They were put on two steamships and shipped to San Francisco. No one was killed in the expulsion. Another Chinese expulsion occurred during 1906 in a cannery on the Eel River, in which 23 Chinese cannery workers were expelled after objections to their presence. However, some Chinese remained in the Orleans area, where some white landowners sheltered and purchased food for the Chinese mineworkers until after racial tension passed. Chinese did not return to the coastal cities until the 1950s.[14]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, Humboldt County encompasses 4,052 square miles, 3,568 square miles of which is land and 484 square miles is water.[15] Cape Mendocino is the westernmost point in California (longitude 124 degrees, 24 minutes, 30 seconds). Humboldt Bay, the only deep water port between San Francisco and Coos Bay, Oregon, is located on the coast at the midpoint of the county.

Humboldt County contains a diversity of plant and animal species, with significant forest and coastal habitats. In coastal areas there are extensive amounts of redwood forests.[16] A prominent understory shrub is the toyon, whose northern range limit is in Humboldt County.[17]

Rivers

Mouth of Humboldt County's Little River on the Pacific Coast.

Rockefeller Forest, the largest remaining old growth Redwood forest on earth, is located within Humboldt Redwoods State Park.

Humboldt County's major rivers include (in order of flow-cubic meters per second-from largest to smallest):

• Klamath River
• Eel River
• Trinity River
• Mad River

The smaller rivers include Redwood Creek, significant due to amount of its flow; the Van Duzen; the Eel River syncline group composed of the South Fork, the North Fork, and the Salt River; the Mattole, Salmon, Elk, Bear, and Little rivers.

Seismic activity

Historically, Humboldt County and the entire far north coast have had many earthquakes over 6.0 magnitude.

The 1992 Cape Mendocino earthquakes were a series of three major earthquakes that occurred off the coast of Cape Mendocino, California on April 25 and 26, 1992, the largest being a 7.2. Ninety-five people were injured and property in the county sustained considerable damage.[18]

In 2010 a 6.5 magnitude earthquake struck offshore, 33 mi (53 km) west of Eureka, resulting in only minor injuries and some structural damage to houses and utilities, and no fatalities reported.[19]

The town of Arcata is built on top of an accretionary wedge. This was formed by the subduction of the Gorda plate underneath the North American plate.[20]

Climate

The coastal zone of the county experiences very wet, cool winters and dry, mild foggy summers. In the winter, temperatures range from highs of 40–59 °F (4–15 °C) to lows of 32–49 °F (0–9 °C). Coastal summers are cool to mild, with average highs of 60–69 °F (16–21 °C) and frequent fogs. Coastal summer temperatures range from highs of 64–70 °F (18–21 °C) to lows of 46–55 °F (8–13 °C). In the populated areas and cities near the coast, the highest temperatures tend to occur at locations just a few miles inland from Eureka and Arcata, in towns like Fortuna, Rio Dell, and smaller unincorporated communities located somewhat further away from Humboldt Bay. In these locations summer highs are 70–75 °F (21–24 °C). The coastal zone experiences a number of frosty nights in winter and early spring, though snowfall and hard freezes are rare. Coastal winters are cool and wet. Winter rainstorms are frequent, with averages from 30 inches (760 mm) to 100 inches (2,500 mm) a year varying with elevation.

Inland areas of the county also experience wet, cool winters. Snowfall is common at elevations over 3,000 ft (910 m) throughout the winter months, and is even deep enough at higher elevations to have inspired the opening (now defunct) of a small ski lift operation on Horse Mountain, near Willow Creek, for several decades in the late 1900s. Summer displays the sharpest difference between the coastal and inland climates. Inland regions of Humboldt County experience highs of 80–99 °F (27–37 °C) depending on the elevation and distance from the ocean. Occasional summer highs of 100 °F (38 °C) are common in eastern and southern parts of the county including Orleans, Hoopa, Willow Creek, Garberville, Honeydew, and inland river valleys.

Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for warmest and coldest months in selected settlements of Humboldt County[21]

Location	Month	Temp (°F)	Temp (°C)	Month	Temp (°F)	Temp (°C)
Eureka	August	64/52	18/11	December	55/40	12/4
Arcata	September	62/51	17/11	December	54/38	12/3
Ferndale	August	71/52	22/11	December	56/39	13/4
Willow Creek	July	94/52	34/11	December	50/35	10/1
Garberville	August	87/53	31/12	December	49/37	9/3
Shelter Cove	August	69/53	21/11	January	57/45	14/7
Orick	August	69/49	21/9	January	52/37	11/2

Demographics

2000

As of the 2000 census, the population of Humboldt County was 126,518. As of that census, there were 51,238 households in Humboldt County, and the population density was 35 people per square mile (14/km²). By 2006, the population was projected to have increased to 131,361 by the California Department of Finance.[22] There were 55,912 housing units at an average density of 16 per square mile (6/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 84.7% White, 0.9% Black or African American, 5.7% Native American, 1.7% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 2.5% from other races, and 4.4% from two or more races. In 2017, 11.7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino according to the United States Census Bureau. 13.3% were of German, 10.7% Irish, 10.3% English, 7.4% American and 5.7% Italian ancestry according to Census 2000. 92.1% spoke English and 4.6% Spanish as their first language.

There were 51,238 households, out of which 28.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.2% were non-families. 28.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.2% under the age of 18, 12.4% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 24.5% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 97.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.6 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $31,226, and the median income for a family was $39,370. Males had a median income of $32,210 versus $23,942 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,203. About 12.9% of families and 19.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.5% of those under age 18 and 7.2% of those age 65 or over.

2010

Historical population
Census	Pop.		%±
1860	2,694		—
1870	6,140		127.9%
1880	15,512		152.6%
1890	23,469		51.3%
1900	27,104		15.5%
1910	33,857		24.9%
1920	37,413		10.5%
1930	43,233		15.6%
1940	45,812		6.0%
1950	69,241		51.1%
1960	104,892		51.5%
1970	99,692		−5.0%
1980	108,514		8.8%
1990	119,118		9.8%
2000	126,518		6.2%
2010	134,623		6.4%
Est. 2019	135,558	[3]	0.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[23] 1790–1960[24] 1900–1990[25] 1990–2000[26] 2010–2015[4]

The 2010 United States Census reported that Humboldt County had a population of 134,623. The racial makeup of Humboldt County was 109,920 (81.7%) White, 1,505 (1.1%) African American, 7,726 (5.7%) Native American, 2,944 (2.2%) Asian, 352 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 5,003 (3.7%) from other races, and 7,173 (5.3%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13,211 persons (9.8%).[27]

Population reported at 2010 United States Census
The County	Total population	White	African American	Native American	Asian	Pacific Islander	Other races	Two or more races	Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
Humboldt County	134,623	109,920	1,505	7,726	2,944	352	5,003	7,173	13,211
Incorporated city	Total population	White	African American	Native American	Asian	Pacific Islander	Other races	Two or more races	Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
Arcata	17,231	14,094	351	393	454	35	769	1,135	2,000
Blue Lake	1,253	1,094	5	55	13	4	24	58	82
Eureka	27,191	21,565	514	1,011	1,153	176	1,181	1,591	3,143
Ferndale	1,371	1,281	1	22	20	2	17	28	77
Fortuna	11,926	9,686	73	444	106	9	1,065	543	2,032
Rio Dell	3,368	2,894	13	125	25	3	140	168	384
Trinidad	367	331	2	15	2	1	1	15	11
Census-designated place	Total population	White	African American	Native American	Asian	Pacific Islander	Other races	Two or more races	Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
Alderpoint	186	170	0	9	1	0	1	5	10
Bayview	2,510	1,959	28	119	88	5	185	126	425
Benbow	321	294	0	2	1	0	13	11	25
Big Lagoon	93	73	0	11	0	0	1	8	11
Cutten	3,108	2,628	27	119	80	11	78	165	254
Fieldbrook	859	763	4	19	5	0	14	54	51
Fields Landing	276	210	6	13	21	1	6	19	18
Garberville	913	815	14	29	17	0	7	31	54
Humboldt Hill	3,414	2,853	41	119	102	2	129	168	298
Hydesville	1,237	1,108	4	33	6	0	30	56	71
Indianola	823	713	2	42	11	1	12	42	44
Loleta	783	643	12	16	5	0	65	42	114
McKinleyville	15,177	13,010	103	700	211	17	338	798	1,081
Manila	784	686	14	25	5	0	12	42	30
Miranda	520	439	4	13	4	1	31	28	75
Myers Flat	146	125	0	6	1	0	4	10	11
Myrtletown	4,675	3,969	53	142	155	19	126	211	387
Orick	357	288	0	39	0	3	6	21	20
Phillipsville	140	121	0	4	1	0	0	14	3
Pine Hills	3,131	2,648	22	86	116	4	72	183	220
Redcrest	89	73	0	5	0	0	3	8	4
Redway	1,225	1,093	5	35	6	1	15	70	96
Samoa	258	198	1	9	0	0	31	19	52
Scotia	850	674	3	35	3	9	90	36	150
Shelter Cove	693	630	3	5	7	1	13	34	47
Weott	288	252	0	13	1	0	3	19	20
Westhaven-Moonstone	1,205	1,083	9	39	18	0	10	46	53
Willow Creek	1,710	1,375	6	167	14	6	29	113	108
Unincorporated communities	Total population	White	African American	Native American	Asian	Pacific Islander	Other races	Two or more races	Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
All others not CDPs (combined)	26,145	20,082	185	3,807	292	41	482	1,256	1,750

2011

Population, race, and income
Total population[28]	133,585
White[28]	110,418	82.7%
Black or African American[28]	1,590	1.2%
American Indian or Alaska Native[28]	7,718	5.8%
Asian[28]	3,131	2.3%
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander[28]	452	0.3%
Some other race[28]	3,959	3.0%
Two or more races[28]	6,317	4.7%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race)[29]	12,771	9.6%
Per capita income[30]	$24,209
Median household income[31]	$40,376
Median family income[32]	$52,317

Places by population, race, and income

Places by population and race
Place	Type[33]	Population[28]	White[28]	Other[28] [note 1]	Asian[28]	Black or African American[28]	Native American[28] [note 2]	Hispanic or Latino (of any race)[29]
Alderpoint	CDP	113	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Arcata	City	17,118	81.4%	8.0%	3.1%	2.7%	4.8%	12.2%
Bayview	CDP	2,818	82.9%	11.9%	0.8%	0.0%	4.4%	25.2%
Benbow	CDP	415	91.8%	8.2%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	8.2%
Big Lagoon	CDP	179	48.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	52.0%	1.7%
Blue Lake	City	1,336	84.6%	3.6%	1.6%	2.2%	8.1%	5.0%
Cutten	CDP	3,166	89.5%	2.7%	4.5%	0.0%	3.3%	0.6%
Eureka	City	27,027	82.3%	6.6%	3.9%	1.8%	5.4%	9.3%
Ferndale	City	1,503	92.0%	5.6%	0.2%	0.0%	2.2%	2.5%
Fieldbrook	CDP	1,053	83.1%	11.4%	0.9%	1.4%	3.2%	4.8%
Fields Landing	CDP	195	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Fortuna	City	11,753	80.8%	13.2%	2.7%	1.1%	2.3%	12.5%
Garberville	CDP	610	97.0%	3.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	3.4%
Humboldt Hill	CDP	4,145	76.5%	7.3%	1.9%	2.6%	11.8%	12.4%
Hydesville	CDP	1,114	88.4%	3.6%	4.7%	1.3%	2.0%	7.2%
Indianola	CDP	1,167	83.7%	6.4%	1.8%	0.0%	8.1%	0.9%
Loleta	CDP	705	87.5%	9.2%	3.3%	0.0%	0.0%	3.8%
McKinleyville	CDP	16,701	87.5%	6.4%	1.2%	0.1%	4.8%	7.9%
Manila	CDP	810	91.2%	6.0%	0.0%	0.0%	2.7%	1.2%
Miranda	CDP	100	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Myers Flat	CDP	89	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Myrtletown	CDP	4,586	86.6%	9.4%	1.9%	0.2%	1.9%	9.8%
Orick	CDP	325	79.1%	15.1%	0.0%	0.0%	5.8%	8.3%
Phillipsville	CDP	130	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Pine Hills	CDP	2,483	92.6%	6.2%	0.3%	0.4%	0.4%	3.1%
Redcrest	CDP	53	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Redway	CDP	953	96.2%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	3.8%	0.0%
Rio Dell	City	3,342	83.9%	9.7%	1.5%	1.9%	3.0%	15.7%
Samoa	CDP	364	78.8%	16.2%	0.0%	0.3%	4.7%	29.1%
Scotia	CDP	863	78.6%	13.4%	0.0%	7.2%	0.8%	11.5%
Shelter Cove	CDP	508	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	1.0%
Trinidad	City	286	95.5%	2.4%	0.0%	0.0%	2.1%	1.7%
Weott	CDP	87	81.6%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	18.4%	0.0%
Westhaven-Moonstone	CDP	1,041	88.4%	6.2%	1.2%	0.0%	4.2%	0.0%
Willow Creek	CDP	1,141	86.9%	12.2%	0.0%	0.0%	1.0%	4.0%

Places by population and income
Place	Type[33]	Population[34]	Per capita income[30]	Median household income[31]	Median family income[32]
Alderpoint	CDP	113	$13,062	$31,000	$31,000
Arcata	City	17,118	$19,996	$31,815	$46,702
Bayview (Humboldt County)	CDP	2,818	$21,146	$31,828	$37,604
Benbow	CDP	415	$34,072	$54,250	$58,393
Big Lagoon	CDP	179	$23,938	$46,354	$87,946
Blue Lake	City	1,336	$25,588	$55,568	$57,045
Cutten	CDP	3,166	$29,545	$63,542	$68,426
Eureka	City	27,027	$22,972	$36,081	$51,808
Ferndale	City	1,503	$37,348	$60,147	$77,083
Fieldbrook	CDP	1,053	$28,113	$54,886	$76,000
Fields Landing	CDP	195	$25,856	$50,298	$50,238
Fortuna	City	11,753	$23,208	$37,532	$48,467
Garberville	CDP	610	$20,880	$20,529	$52,431
Humboldt Hill	CDP	4,145	$17,905	$38,171	$42,917
Hydesville	CDP	1,114	$29,409	$53,229	$66,250
Indianola	CDP	1,167	$23,634	$49,962	$80,667
Loleta	CDP	705	$21,498	$35,833	$47,596
McKinleyville	CDP	16,701	$23,902	$46,696	$54,899
Manila	CDP	810	$18,036	$30,833	$38,382
Miranda	CDP	100	$17,055	$26,328	[35]
Myers Flat	CDP	89	[35]	[35]	[35]
Myrtletown	CDP	4,586	$38,064	$51,402	$66,654
Orick	CDP	325	$23,690	$24,519	$44,500
Phillipsville	CDP	130	$9,557	$18,542	$2,499
Pine Hills	CDP	2,483	$34,202	$60,137	$84,120
Redcrest	CDP	53	$21,913	$31,845	$39,583
Redway	CDP	953	$25,122	$29,429	$63,893
Rio Dell	City	3,342	$23,446	$39,240	$39,932
Samoa	CDP	364	$22,010	$58,036	$58,393
Scotia	CDP	863	$32,809	$53,063	$52,083
Shelter Cove	CDP	508	$26,915	$44,500	$44,500
Trinidad	City	286	$34,480	$63,438	$75,000
Weott	CDP	87	$27,921	$13,824	[35]
Westhaven-Moonstone	CDP	1,041	$24,398	$36,335	$37,049
Willow Creek	CDP	1,141	$18,803	$27,500	$29,000

The Lanphere Dunes, a protected coastal environment

Lead (2017-18)

Humboldt County children are at greater risk of dangerously elevated blood lead levels than Flint, Michigan's - and almost double that of any other California county measured. The cases are concentrated in Eureka's Old Town and downtown areas.[36][37][38]

Economy

Humboldt County is known for its impressive redwood trees, and many acres of private redwood timberland make Humboldt the top timber producer in California. The lush river bottoms adjacent to the ocean are for producing rich, high-quality dairy products. Somewhat more inland the warmer valleys have historically produced abundant apples and other fruit. More recently vineyards have been planted in the Trinity, Klamath, Mattole and upper Eel river

Dairy

Humboldt County is known for its quality family operated dairy farms. The Humboldt Creamery, a significant producer of high grade ice cream and other dairy products, still operates from the original headquarters located at Fernbridge adjacent to the Eel River.[39]

Cannabis

Further information: Cannabis in California

Humboldt County is known for its cultivation of Cannabis, estimated to be worth billions of dollars.[40][41] Proposition 215 allows patients and caregivers who are given a doctor's recommendation to legally (State level only) grow up to 99 plants in Humboldt County.[42][43] However, in the years before Prop 215 (early 1970s – late 1980s), Humboldt County saw a large migration of the Bay Area counter-culture to its region. Many came looking to purchase cheap land, and ended-up growing marijuana to pay for their land. Especially around Garberville and Redway, the rural culture and hippie scene eventually collaborated to create a rural hippie community in which marijuana became the center of the economy and the culture. Many people prospered by producing marijuana for California and other states because of its reputation for quality.[44] A Redway radio station, KMUD, in the past has issued warnings and alerts to the region with information on whereabouts of law enforcement on their way to raid marijuana gardens.[45][44]

The Campaign Against Marijuana Planting is the multi-agency law enforcement task force managed by the California Department of Justice, formed with the prime purpose of eradicating illegal cannabis production in California. The operations began in the late 70s, but the name CAMP became used after its official establishment in 1983. While the influence of CAMP in Humboldt County has waned with decriminalization of marijuana, there is a renewed interest at the state level regarding valid growing permits and environmental concerns. As a result, CAMP is today still utilized as a policing body, in accordance with the DEA.[46] Yearly CAMP reports, published by the California Department of Justice, Bureau of Narcotic Enforcement (BNE) are available online through Humboldt State University’s Special Collections. Starting in 1983, the annual reports detail the organizational structure and names of individual participants, a summary of the season's activities, tactics, and mention of special successes, trends and hazards.[46]

County officials and the industry have encountered challenges in the transition from an illegal, underground economy to legal recreational cannabis sales that began in California in 2018.[47]

Parks and recreation

National protected areas

National Park

• Redwood National and State Parks – National Park Service

Conservation area

• King Range National Conservation Area and The Lost Coast – Bureau of Land Management

Recreation area

• Samoa Dunes Recreation Area – Bureau of Land Management

Forests

• Headwaters Forest Reserve – Bureau of Land Management
• Six Rivers National Forest – U.S. Forest Service
• Trinity National Forest – U.S. Forest Service

Wildlife refuge

• Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge – Bureau of Land Management and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

State protected areas

Beaches

• Little River State Beach
• Trinidad State Beach

Parks

• Fort Humboldt State Historic Park
• Grizzly Creek Redwoods State Park
• Humboldt Lagoons State Park
• Humboldt Redwoods State Park
• Patrick's Point State Park
• Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park
• Richardson Grove State Park
• Sinkyone Wilderness State Park

Tide pools

• Patrick's Point State Park
• Moonstone Beach
• Indian Beach

Recreation areas

• Benbow Lake State Recreation Area
• Harry A. Merlo State Recreation Area

Reserves

• Azalea State Reserve
• John B. Dewitt Redwoods State Reserve

County parks

• A. W. Way[48]
• Big Lagoon County Park[49]
• Centerville Beach[50]
• Clam Beach[51]
• Crab Park[52]
• Freshwater County Park[53]
• Hammond Trail[54]
• Luffenholtz Beach[55]
• Mad River, California[56]
• Margarite Lockwood[57]
• Moonstone Beach[58]
• Van Duzen Pamplin Grove[59]

Arts and culture

• The Sequoia Park Zoo is the oldest zoo in California operating on a 7 acres (2.8 ha) facility operated by the City of Eureka in 60 acres (24 ha) Sequoia Park.[60]
• The Clarke Historical Museum in Eureka, displays North Coast regional and cultural history in the repurposed Historic Register Bank of Eureka building.
• The Morris Graves Museum of Art conserves and displays the works of local artists in a restored Carnegie Library building.
• The Ferndale Repertory Theatre is the county's oldest theater company; it has been in operation since 1972 at the Hart Theater building in Ferndale.[61]
• The Humboldt Crabs, founded in 1945, are the oldest continuously-operated summer collegiate, wood-bat baseball team in the country.[62]
• See also the List of museums in the North Coast (California).

Government

Humboldt County is in California's 2nd congressional district, represented by Democrat Jared Huffman.[63]

In the state legislature, Humboldt is part of the 2nd Senate District, represented by Democrat Mike McGuire,[64] and the 2nd Assembly District, represented by Democrat Jim Wood.[65]

Election audits in the county since 2008 have used a distinctive system which has not spread elsewhere. They scan all ballots and release a file of the images with a digital signature, so candidates and the public can recount by hand or electronically to find if the official totals are correct. The first time they did this they found the official software omitted 200 ballots.[66][67][68][69]

Voter registration

Population and registered voters
Total population[28]	133,585
Registered voters[70][note 3]	79,708	59.7%
Democratic[70]	33,155	41.6%
Republican[70]	20,238	25.4%
Democratic–Republican spread[70]	+12,917	+16.2%
Independent[70]	2,557	3.2%
Green[70]	3,036	3.8%
Libertarian[70]	801	1.0%
Peace and Freedom[70]	342	0.4%
Other[70]	222	0.3%
No party preference[70]	19,357	24.3%

Cities by population and voter registration

Cities by population and voter registration
City	Population[28]	Registered voters[70] [note 3]	Democratic[70]	Republican[70]	D–R spread[70]	Other[70]	No party preference[70]
Arcata	17,118	71.9%	45.1%	10.2%	+34.9%	15.5%	32.2%
Blue Lake	1,336	61.4%	43.0%	20.4%	+22.6%	13.7%	26.1%
Eureka	27,027	53.6%	42.5%	25.3%	+17.2%	11.3%	24.1%
Ferndale	1,503	63.7%	39.4%	38.2%	+1.2%	7.5%	17.4%
Fortuna	11,753	54.6%	33.7%	38.1%	-4.4%	10.0%	22.0%
Rio Dell	3,342	50.9%	33.5%	35.3%	-1.8%	13.3%	23.1%
Trinidad	286	94.8%	52.8%	18.1%	+34.7%	9.2%	22.5%

Overview

From 1920 to 1984, the county voted for the national winner of each Presidential election held within these years. Since 1988, Humboldt has been a Democratic county in Presidential and congressional elections. The last Republican presidential candidate to win a majority in the county was Ronald Reagan, a Californian, in 1984.[71] In the late 1990s and early 2000s, Humboldt also had a substantial number of people affiliated with the Green Party, but that number has declined in recent years; however, the Green Party has had its best performance by presidential and gubernatorial candidates of any county in the United States in Humboldt County, with Jill Stein gaining her largest county-level number of votes in Humboldt in 2016.

Presidential elections results

Humboldt County vote
by party in presidential elections[72]

Year	GOP	DEM	Others
2016	30.61% 18,373	55.32% 33,200	14.06% 8,441
2012	32.63% 18,825	59.73% 34,457	7.63% 4,404
2008	33.94% 21,713	62.05% 39,692	4.01% 2,563
2004	39.03% 25,714	57.66% 37,988	3.31% 2,184
2000	41.48% 23,219	44.40% 24,851	14.11% 7,902
1996	35.52% 19,803	44.17% 24,628	20.31% 11,326
1992	30.49% 18,299	48.07% 28,854	21.44% 12,868
1988	41.15% 21,460	57.11% 29,781	1.74% 905
1984	51.64% 27,832	46.79% 25,217	1.56% 842
1980	49.39% 24,047	35.15% 17,113	15.47% 7,532
1976	41.58% 18,034	54.18% 23,500	4.24% 1,838
1972	48.83% 22,345	46.18% 21,132	5.00% 2,286
1968	46.17% 16,719	45.50% 16,476	8.34% 3,019
1964	33.53% 12,909	66.27% 25,515	0.19% 75
1960	46.71% 18,074	52.70% 20,391	0.58% 226
1956	52.57% 19,019	47.06% 17,025	0.37% 133
1952	60.10% 19,949	39.01% 12,949	0.88% 293
1948	47.19% 10,979	48.43% 11,268	4.38% 1,019
1944	42.93% 9,127	56.83% 12,083	0.24% 50
1940	43.00% 9,470	55.98% 12,329	1.02% 225
1936	35.97% 6,808	62.93% 11,909	1.10% 208
1932	42.22% 6,795	54.20% 8,723	3.58% 577
1928	69.75% 9,162	28.37% 3,726	1.88% 247
1924	56.82% 6,767	7.09% 845	36.09% 4,298
1920	69.89% 6,528	19.04% 1,778	11.07% 1,034
1916	51.14% 5,786	36.27% 4,103	12.59% 1,424
1912	1.09% 93	33.76% 2,887	65.15% 5,572
1908	65.02% 4,221	18.58% 1,206	16.40% 1,065
1904	73.22% 4,930	18.55% 1,249	8.23% 554
1900	66.32% 3,902	28.86% 1,698	4.83% 284
1896	55.37% 3,142	43.44% 2,465	1.20% 68
1892	44.53% 2,416	33.98% 1,844	21.49% 1,166

Crime

Humboldt County is known for an unusual amount of missing person cases. It was highlighted as part of the 2018 Netflix documentary Murder Mountain.[73]

The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.

Population and crime rates

Population[28]	133,585
Violent crime[74]	541	4.05
Homicide[74]	8	0.06
Forcible rape[74]	33	0.25
Robbery[74]	117	0.88
Aggravated assault[74]	383	2.87
Property crime[74]	2,270	16.99
Burglary[74]	1,057	7.91
Larceny-theft[74][note 4]	2,513	18.81
Motor vehicle theft[74]	475	3.56
Arson[74]	51	0.38

Cities by population and crime rates

Cities by population and crime rates

City	Population[75]	Violent crimes[75]	Violent crime rate per 1,000 persons	Property crimes[75]	Property crime rate per 1,000 persons
Arcata	17,748	78	4.39	702	39.55
Eureka	26,843	145	5.40	2,176	81.06
Ferndale	1,360	3	2.21	17	12.5
Fortuna	11,752	33	2.81	496	42.21
Rio Dell	3,358	19	5.66	57	16.97

Education

The List of schools in Humboldt County, California shows the many school districts, including charter and private schools, at the elementary and high school level. Post-secondary education is offered locally at the College of the Redwoods and Humboldt State University. Blue Lake's Dell'Arte International School of Physical Theatre offers accredited three-year Masters of Fine Arts in Ensemble Based Physical Theatre.

Media

Print

The Times-Standard is the only daily newspaper in the region; in continuous publication since 1854, and owned by Media News Group since 1996,[76][77] they also print three weeklies: the Redwood Times,[78] the Tri-City Weekly,[79] and Northcoast 101.[80] Other local publications include The Independent, the North Coast Journal,[81] the Ferndale Enterprise,[82] the Two Rivers Tribune,[83] the Isis Scrolls,[84] and The Lumberjack.[85] The Arcata Eye[86] and the McKinleyville Press[87] merged in August 2013 to form the Mad River Union.[88]

Television

Humboldt County's locally produced television stations, KIEM and KEET, are based in Eureka. KIEM produces the only local TV newscast and KEET is the only PBS station in the region. CBS and Fox affiliates KJRW and KBVU, the latter a semi-satellite of KCVU, are based in Chico and ABC affiliate KAEF, a semi-satellite of KRCR-TV, is based in Redding. In previous decades all major networks had production capacity in Eureka.

Local internet media

Locally internet based media include:

• Lost Coast Outpost
• Red Headed Black Belt

Radio

For-profit

• KATA[89]
• KEKA,[90]
• KFMI[91]
• KGOE[92]
• KHUM[93]
• KINS-FM[94]
• KISS[95]
• KKHB[96]
• KLGE[97]
• KNCR[98]
• KRED[99]
• KSLG-FM[100]
• KWPT[101]
• KWSW[102]

Non-profit

• KIDE[103]
• KHSU[104]
• KKDS-LP[105]
• KMUD[106]
• KMUE[107]
• KNHM[108]
• KNHT[108]
• KRFH-LP[109]

Community media

Community broadband networks and public, educational, and government access (PEG) cable tv channels provide air time for local voices on Access Humboldt.[110] Cable TV channels are carried by Suddenlink Communications[111] and local programs are provided online through the Community Media Archive.[112] The Digital Redwoods initiative of Access Humboldt is developing local networks to meet comprehensive community needs, including public, education and government purposes.[113]

Transportation

Historic Fernbridge (1911) on the "Road to Ferndale" - California State Route 211

Major highways

• U.S. Route 101
• State Route 36
• State Route 96
• State Route 169
• State Route 200
• State Route 211
• State Route 254 - Avenue of the Giants
• State Route 255
• State Route 271
• State Route 283
• State Route 299

Public transportation

• Humboldt Transit Authority operates two fixed route transit bus systems:
  • Redwood Transit System provides intercity service to and within communities between Trinidad and Garberville, including Manila, King Salmon, Field's Landing, Loleta, Fernbridge and Fortuna. HTA also offers service between McKinleyville or Arcata and Willow Creek and an express bus between Arcata and College of the Redwoods when classes are in session.
  • Eureka Transit Service, operated in the City of Eureka, provides local service on four scheduled routes (one hour headway) in Eureka and its adjacent unincorporated communities. Connections can be made to the Redwood Transit System at several places in Eureka.
• Arcata and Mad River Transit System, operated by the City of Arcata with funding from Humboldt State University. A&MRTS provides fixed route local bus service on two scheduled routes (one hour headway) in Arcata and an additional route between the Valley West Neighborhood and the university when classes are in session.
• The city of Blue Lake and the Blue Lake Rancheria operates the Blue Lake Rancheria Transit Authority.[114] This provides fixed route intercity transit bus service (one hour headway) between Arcata and the Blue Lake Rancheria Indian Reservation and casino and local service within the city of Blue Lake.
• Del Norte County's Redwood Coast Transit operates fixed route intercity transit bus service between Arcata and Crescent City or Smith River.
• Amtrak Thruway bus has stops in many towns in the region, including Eureka, Arcata, and Fortuna. These stops are not managed by Amtrak and therefore have no services beyond serving passengers. Full service is only provided at the train station in Martinez, near San Francisco.

Airports

Arcata-Eureka Airport is located in McKinleyville (north of Arcata). Commercial flights are available. Other general aviation airports are located at Dinsmore, Garberville, Kneeland, Murray Field (Eureka), Samoa Field and Rohnerville (Fortuna).

Seaport

Port of Humboldt Bay is on Humboldt Bay, California's second largest natural bay.

Events

Name	Month	Location	Citation
Apple Harvest Festival	October	Fortuna	[115]
Arcata Oyster Festival	June	Arcata Plaza	[116]
Azalea Festival	June	McKinleyville
Avenue of the Giants Marathon	May	Humboldt Redwood State Park	[117]
Blackberry Festival	July	Westhaven	[118]
Blues by the Bay	July	Eureka	[119]
Brew at the Zoo	May	Eureka	[120]
Chicken Wingfest	September	Eureka	[121]
Craftsman's Days	November	Eureka	[122]
College of the Redwoods Wood Fair	June	Eureka	[123]
Fourth of July Festival	July 4	Old Town Eureka	[124]
Humboldt Pride	September	Arcata	[125]
Godwit Days (Birding festival)	April	Arcata	[126]
Humboldt Arts Festival	May	Arcata/Blue Lake	[127]
Humboldt County Cup	November	Eureka	[128]
Humboldt County Fair	August	Ferndale	[129]
Humboldt Film Festival	March & April	Arcata	[130]
Humboldt Juggling Festival	April/May	Arcata (HSU)	[131]
Humboldt Redwoods Marathon	October	Southern Humboldt	[132]
Mushroom Fair	November	Arcata	[133]
North Country Fair	September	Arcata	[134]
Organic Planet Festival	September	Eureka	[135]
Raggae on the River	August	French's Camp	[136]
Redwood Acres Fair	June	Eureka	[137]
Redwood Coast Jazz Festival	March	Eureka	[138]
Redwood Run	June	Southern Humboldt	[139]
Rhododendron Festival and Parade	April	Eureka	[140]
Roll on the Mattole	Summer	Mattole Grange	[141]
Summer Arts and Music Festival	June	Benbow	[142]
Swauger's Station Day	July	Loleta	[143]
Tour of Loleta (by Bicycle)	July	Loleta	[144]
Tour of the Unknown Coast (by Bicycle)	May	Southern Humboldt	[145]
Trinidad Fish Festival	June	Trinidad	[146]
Trinidad to Clam Beach Run	February	Trinidad	[147]
Truckers Christmas Parade	December	Eureka	[148]
Two Rivers Harvest Festival	October	Willow Creek	[149]
World-Championship Kinetic Sculpture Race	May	Arcata to Ferndale	[150]
Zootini	August	Eureka	[151]
Redwood Coast Up in Smoke BBQ Competition	June	Blue Lake	[152]

In popular culture

In the book Lolita by Vladimir Nabokov there is a possible pun using the county's name (Humboldt) in connection to the main character's name (Humbert Humbert). This appears on page 108: "With the help of a guidebook I located [The Enchanted Hunters inn] in the secluded town of Briceland." This 'secluded town' could very well be a reference to the unincorporated Briceland of Humboldt County, making The Enchanted Hunters in 'Humboldt Land', continuing the novel's grotesque fairy-tale veneer.[153]

Communities

The Carson Mansion of Eureka

Cities

• Arcata
• Blue Lake
• Eureka (county seat)
• Ferndale
• Fortuna
• Rio Dell
• Trinidad

Census-designated places

• Alderpoint
• Bayview
• Benbow
• Big Lagoon
• Cutten
• Fairhaven
• Fieldbrook
• Fields Landing
• Garberville
• Hoopa
• Humboldt Hill
• Hydesville
• Indianola
• Loleta
• McKinleyville
• Manila
• Miranda
• Myers Flat
• Myrtletown
• Orick
• Phillipsville
• Pine Hills
• Redcrest
• Redway
• Samoa
• Scotia
• Shelter Cove
• Weott
• Westhaven-Moonstone
• Willow Creek

Other unincorporated communities

• Alton
• Bayside
• Blocksburg
• Briceland
• Bridgeville
• Carlotta
• Cooks Valley
• Dinsmore
• Dyerville
• Elk River
• Englewood
• Fernbridge
• Fort Seward
• Freshwater
• Freshwater Corners
• Fruitland
• Glendale
• Holmes
• Honeydew
• Johnsons
• King Salmon
• Kneeland
• Korbel
• Maple Creek
• Moonstone
• Orleans
• Patricks Point
• Pepperwood
• Petrolia
• Pine Hill
• Port Kenyon
• Ridgewood Heights
• Riverside Park
• Rohnerville
• Rosewood
• Shively
• Stafford
• Sunny Brae
• Weitchpec
• Westhaven
• Whitethorn

Indian reservations

Humboldt County has eight Indian reservations lying within its borders. Only four other counties in the United States have more: San Diego County, California; Sandoval County, New Mexico; Riverside County, California; and Mendocino County, California. The Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation is the largest in the state of California, a state that generally has very small reservations (although very numerous) relative to those in other states.

• Big Lagoon Rancheria
• Blue Lake Rancheria
• Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation
• Karuk Indian Reservation (partly in Siskiyou County)
• Rohnerville Rancheria
• Table Bluff Rancheria
• Cher-Ae Heights Indian Community of the Trinidad Rancheria
• Yurok Indian Reservation (partly in Del Norte County)

Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Humboldt County.[154]

† county seat

Rank	City/town/etc.	Municipal type	Population (2010 Census)
1	† Eureka	City	27,191
2	Arcata	City	17,231
3	McKinleyville	CDP	15,177
4	Fortuna	City	11,926
5	Myrtletown	CDP	4,675
6	Humboldt Hill	CDP	3,414
7	Rio Dell	City	3,368
8	Pine Hills	CDP	3,131
9	Cutten	CDP	3,108
10	Hoopa Valley Reservation[155]	AIAN	3,041
11	Bayview	CDP	2,510
12	Willow Creek	CDP	1,710
13	Ferndale	City	1,371
14	Blue Lake	City	1,253
15	Yurok Reservation[156] (partially in Del Norte County)	AIAN	1,238
16	Hydesville	CDP	1,237
17	Redway	CDP	1,225
18	Westhaven-Moonstone	CDP	1,205
19	Garberville	CDP	913
20	Fieldbrook	CDP	859
21	Scotia	CDP	850
22	Indianola	CDP	823
23	Manila	CDP	784
24	Loleta	CDP	783
25	Shelter Cove	CDP	693
26	Miranda	CDP	520
27	Karuk Reservation[157]	AIAN	506
28	Trinidad	City	367
29	Orick	CDP	357
30	Benbow	CDP	321
31	Weott	CDP	288
32	Fields Landing	CDP	276
33	Samoa	CDP	258
34	Alderpoint	CDP	186
35	Myers Flat	CDP	146
36	Phillipsville	CDP	140
37	Trinidad Rancheria[158]	AIAN	132
38	Table Bluff Reservation[159]	AIAN	103
39	Big Lagoon	CDP	93
40	Redcrest	CDP	89
41	Blue Lake Rancheria[160]	AIAN	58
42	Rohnerville Rancheria[161]	AIAN	38
43	Big Lagoon Rancheria[162]	AIAN	17

Notable people

• Sara Bareilles
• Lloyd Bridges
• Hobart Brown
• Wesley Chesbro
• David Cobb
• Alexander Cockburn
• Trevor Dunn
• Guy Fieri
• Michael John Fles
• Brendan Fraser
• Robert A. Gearheart
• James Gillett
• Ulysses S. Grant[163][164][165]
• Steven Hackett
• Bret Harte
• Dan Hauser
• El Hefe
• Julia Butterfly Hill
• Christa Johnson
• Howard B. Keck
• Seth Kinman
• Naomi Lang
• Rey Maualuga
• Pamela McGee
• Tim McKay
• Mike Patton
• Maurice Purify
• Nate Quarry
• Eric Rofes
• Stephen W. Shaw
• Steve Sillett
• Trey Spruance
• Greg Stafford
• Robert M. Viale
• Don Van Vliet
• Stephen Girard Whipple[166]
• Ned Yost

See also

• Arcata and Eureka Community Recycling Centers
• Arcata - Jacoby Creek Community Forests
• Arcata Marsh and Wildlife Sanctuary
• HSU First Street Gallery
• Humboldt Arts Council
• Humboldt County Historical Society
• Humboldt Crabs
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Humboldt County, California
• Operation Green Sweep
• Humboldt State University
• Lost Man Creek Dam

Notes

1. Other = some other race + two or more races
2. Native American = Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander + American Indian or Alaska Native
3. Percentage of registered voters with respect to total population. Percentages of party members with respect to registered voters follow.
4. Only larceny-theft cases involving property over $400 in value are reported as property crimes.

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Further reading

• Emerson, F. W. (July 1903). "Among the Redwoods of Humboldt County". Overland Monthly. XLII (1): 69–96.

External links

• Official website
• Humboldt Economic Index
• All About Living in Humboldt County
• General Guide to Humboldt County