LMS Jubilee Class

The London Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Jubilee Class is a class of steam locomotive designed for main line passenger work. 191 locomotives were built between 1934 and 1936. They were built concurrently with the LMS Stanier Class 5 4-6-0.

LMS Jubilee Class
45578 United Provinces at Stockport in 1957.
Type and origin
Power typeSteam
DesignerWilliam Stanier
Builder
Order numberLMS Lot nos. 97, 112, 113, 118, 121, 129
Build date1934–1936
Total produced191
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 • Whyte4-6-0
 • UIC2′C h3
Gauge4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
Leading dia.3 ft 3 1⁄2 in (1.003 m)
Driver dia.6 ft 9 in (2.057 m)
Length64 ft 8 3⁄4 in (19.73 m)
Loco weight79.55 long tons (89.10 short tons; 80.83 t)
Tender weight54.65 long tons (61.21 short tons; 55.53 t)
Fuel typeCoal
Fuel capacity9.0 long tons (10.1 short tons; 9.1 t)
Water cap3,500 imp gal (16,000 l; 4,200 US gal) Fowler tender - 4,000 imp gal (18,000 l; 4,800 US gal) Stanier tender
Firebox:
 • Firegrate area		29 1⁄2 or 31 sq ft (2.74 or 2.88 m2)
BoilerLMS type 3A
Boiler pressure225 psi (1.55 MPa)
Heating surface:
 • Tubes and flues		1,372 to 1,470 sq ft (127.5 to 136.6 m2)
 • Firebox162 or 181 sq ft (15.1 or 16.8 m2)
Superheater:
​
 • Heating area228 to 331 sq ft (21.2 to 30.8 m2)
CylindersThree
Cylinder size17 in × 26 in (432 mm × 660 mm)
Valve gearWalschaerts
Valve typePiston valves
Performance figures
Tractive effort26,610 lbf (118.4 kN)
Career
OperatorsLondon, Midland and Scottish Railway, British Railways
Power class
  • LMS: 5XP
  • BR (pre-1955): 6P
  • BR (post-1955) 6P5F (never displayed on cabsides)
Numbers
  • LMS: 5552–5742
  • BR: 45552–45742
Axle load classBR: Route Availability 8
Withdrawn1952 (1), 1960–1967
DispositionFour preserved, remainder scrapped
For the details of the two rebuilt locomotives, see LMS Rebuilt Jubilee Class

History

The last five locomotives of Henry Fowler's Patriot class on order, 5552 to 5556, were built with William Stanier's taper boiler and so became the first of the Jubilee class. 113 locomotives were ordered straight from the drawing board. They were initially a disappointment; their moderate degree of superheating often left them short of steam. Changes to the blastpipe and chimney dimensions helped to transform them.

On 29 April 1935 no. 5552, the first of the class, permanently swapped identities with no. 5642 which had been named Silver Jubilee on 19 April 1935 in recognition of the Silver Jubilee of King George V on 6 May of that year. This change gave the name to the rest of the class, see LMS Jubilee Class 5552 Silver Jubilee. Earlier on (from summer 1934), they had been known as the "Red Staniers" (because of the crimson livery), to distinguish them from the "Black Staniers" (the LMS Stanier Black Five class).[1]

They are often associated with the Midland Division, i.e. the lines inherited from the former Midland Railway. This is because until the late 1950s it was rare for any 7P locomotives to work south of Leeds. Until then, Jubilees were the largest express engine normally found on the lines running out of St Pancras or radiating from Derby. They could nevertheless be found on main lines throughout the former LMS system.

The power classification was 5XP, in common with the earlier Patriot class.[2] In January 1951 the classification was revised to 6P and in November 1955 to 6P5F but this change was not applied to the locomotives' cabsides, which continued to show 6P.[3]

Five members of the class were fitted with a double chimney at different times. 5684 Jutland was the first, fitted with a double Kylchap in 1937.[4] The double chimney did improve the power of the locos and also improved the coal consumption. It only carried this fitment for one year. 5742 Connaught was the next, being fitted with a plain double exhaust in 1940 which it carried until 1955.[4] 5553 Canada was also so fitted in 1940 but carried the double chimney for a short time.[4] 5735 Comet and 5736 Phoenix were rebuilt with a 2A taper boiler and double chimney in 1942.[5] They were to have been the prototypes for the rebuilding of the entire class but were, in the end, the only Jubilees so to be treated. (They were reclassified 6P in July 1943,[6] and 7P in 1951).[7] As part of experiments at the Rugby Locomotive Testing Station, no. 45722 Defence was fitted with a double chimney from 1956 to 1957.[8] In 1961 a double exhaust was fitted to no. 45596 Bahamas which carried it through withdrawal and into preservation.[9]

Construction

Although built over only a three-year period the class had many variations due to improvements being made as they were built. The major differences were:

  • Boilers – 10 variations, mainly affecting the number of tubes. The earlier boilers were domeless but later boilers were domed. There were two sizes of fire grate area depending on whether the firebox throatplate was straight or sloping.
  • Bogies – Approximately 50 of the earlier locomotives were built with ex-Claughton bogies which had a 6’3" wheelbase compared to the later locomotives built with new bogies that had a wheelbase of 6' 6".
  • Smokebox Saddle – The first 113 locomotives were built with a two piece saddle; the rest had a conventional one piece saddle.
  • Tenders – Four basic patterns were fitted; Fowler 3,500 gall. Fowler high-sided (10 off), Stanier 4,000 gall and Stanier 3,500 gall. These last tenders were difficult to identify, combining the high curved sides of the Stanier tender with the chassis from the earlier type Fowler tender. The easiest way to spot them is by the top row of horizontal rivets, slightly lower than on the 4,000 gall version. However, taking into account rivets, wheelbase, and welds this can be subdivided into a total of eight patterns.

Withdrawal

No. 45637 Windward Islands was scrapped in 1952 due to accident damage. The remaining 188 locomotives were withdrawn between 1960 and 1967. The first of the standard withdrawals being 45609 Gilbert and Ellice Islands in September 1960 and the last engine to be withdrawn was No. 45562 Alberta from Leeds Holbeck shed (20A) on 4 November 1967.

Table of withdrawals
YearQuantity in service at start of yearNumber withdrawnQuantity withdrawnLocomotive numbers
19521891145637
19601882145609
19611875345616/19/30
1962184464145559/66/70/76/82/87/94, 45603/07/15/21/28/36/51/56/62/65/73/77–79/83/86–88/91–93, 45707/11/13/15/18/20/22/24–25/27–29/31
1963143773145555/60/75/91, 45624–25/34/39/44–46/48–50/59/68–69/71/80, 45701–02/06/09/12/14/17/19/30/34/38/40
19641121416445552–54/56–58/61/64/68–69/71–72/77–80/83–85/92/98–99, 45601/05–06/10–14/17–18/20/22–23/31/35/38/40–41/57/63/70/72/74/76/81–82/85/89–90/95–96/99, 45700/03/08/10/16/23/32–33/37/41
1965481743345563/67/73/86/88–90/95/97, 45600/02/04/08/26/29/32–33/42/52–53/55/58/61/64/66–67/84/98, 45704–05/21/26/42
196615182745574/81/96, 45627/43/54/60
19678189845562/65/93, 45647/75/94/97, 45739

Accidents and incidents
  • On 21 January 1938, locomotive No. 5568 Western Australia was hauling an express passenger train which was in a head-on collision with an empty stock train at Oakley Junction due to a combination of driver and signalman's errors. Three people were killed and 46 were injured.[10]
  • On 11 October 1943 locomotive 5581 Bihar and Orissa hauling the Leeds - Edinburgh express collided with a freight train being shunted into sidings at Steeton, West Yorkshire. No one was killed but four people were injured.[11][12]
  • On 18 May 1948, locomotives 5609 Gilbert and Ellice Islands (train loco) and 5605 Cyprus (pilot), hauling the 11:45 am down (St Pancras to Bradford) express were derailed, along with 8 coaches of a 12-coach train on a 30 ft high embankment near Wath Road Junction, Rotherham, South Yorkshire. The cause was track distortion in hot weather. Poor track maintenance was a contributing factor. 8 people died and 56 were injured.[13] Both locos were recovered to Derby works[14] and returned to traffic following repairs.
  • On 8 October 1952, a three-train collision occurred at Harrow & Wealdstone station, Middlesex. Locomotive No. 45637 Windward Islands was one of two locomotives hauling an express passenger train which crashed into wreckage. A total of 112 people were killed and 340 were injured. This remains the worst peacetime rail crash in the United Kingdom. The locomotive was consequently scrapped due to damage sustained.
  • On 16 August 1953, locomotive No. 45699 Galatea was hauling a passenger train which became divided and was derailed at Kingsbury, Warwickshire due to a combination of defects on the locomotive and the condition of the track.[15]
  • On 20 July 1959, locomotive No. 45730 Ocean overran a signal and consequently crashed into Dock Junction Signal Box, London. Trains had to be handsignalled into and out of St Pancras station for several days afterwards.[16]
  • On 17 January 1964, No. 45695 Minotaur was involved in a head-on collision with a mail train and a freight train. The locomotive was deemed to be uneconomical to repair and was withdrawn and scrapped off-site.[17]

Details

Preservation

Four Jubilees have been preserved with two of them 45593 and 45596 being purchased directly from BR for preservation, the other two being rescued from Woodham Brothers. All four members of the class have operated in preservation and all have run on the main line. As of 2019 three members of the class are operational and all of them have main line certificates, the most recent engine being 45596 Bahamas following running in at Tyseley.

While three members of the class are operational the fourth engine 45593 Kolhapur is stored inside the shed at Tyseley Loco Works awaiting its turn in the overhaul queue.

A large number of parts were taken from sister engine 5562 Alberta, which was the subject matter of a few preservation attempts that failed before she was scrapped and most parts exist on preserved sister engine Galatea.[18]

Note: Marked names indicate that the loco is not presently wearing them & Loco numbers in bold mean their current number.

Number Name Builder Built Withdrawn Service Life Location Owners Livery Condition Mainline Certified Photograph Notes
LMS BR
5593 45593 Kolhapur North British Locomotive Company Dec. 1934 Oct. 1967 32 Years, 10 months Tyseley Locomotive Works Tyseley Locomotive Works LMS Crimson Lake Static display, awaiting overhaul. No
5596 45596 Bahamas North British Locomotive Company Jan. 1935 Jul. 1966 31 Years, 6 months Keighley and Worth Valley Railway Bahamas Locomotive Society BR Green, Late Crest Operational. Boiler ticket expires: 2027 Yes (2019–2026) Only preserved Jubilee fitted with a double chimney
5690 45690 Leander Crewe Works Mar. 1936 Mar. 1964 28 Years Carnforth MPD Chris Beet BR Black, Early Emblem Operational, boiler ticket expires: 2024. Yes (2014–2021) Black nameplate on fireman's side and red nameplate on driver's side.
5699 45699 (45562) *Galatea

Alberta

 Crewe Works Apr. 1936 Nov. 1964 28 Years, 7 months Carnforth MPD David Smith BR Green, Late Crest Operational, boiler ticket expires: 2023. Yes (2013–2023) Presently disguised as scrapped classmate 45562 Alberta.
Sound
info help
5690 Leander at Boar's Head
  • 45572 Eire at Water Orton. This locomotive was one of those renamed to reflect changes in the name of the territory after which they were called. Eire was originally Irish Free State.
  • 45552 Silver Jubilee at Willesden Sheds.
  • 45599 Bechuanaland traveling south down the WCML at Winwick Junction in March 1955
  • 45682 Trafalgar awaiting movement to Bird's Morriston scrapyard in 1964 following withdrawal from traffic
  • 45690 Leander at Woodham Brothers Scrapyard in July 1968

Preservation photos
  • 5593 Kolhapur on display in the carriage sidings at Cricklewood in 1969.
  • 45699 Galatea arriving at Ely from Carnforth MPD with the Queen of Scots set of coaches in May 2013.
  • 45690 Leander working down the Cumbrian Coast Line on Sat 30th Sept 2017.
  • 45596 Bahamas at Appleby while working "The Bahamas Renaissance II" railtour on Sat 16 Feb 2019.
  • 45690 Leander parked up alongside the Ffestiniog Railway in Blaenau Ffestiniog on Sat 3 Aug 2019. She and 48151 had worked a re-opening special for the "Conwy Valley Line" following closure for repairs.
  • 45562 Alberta (45699 Galatea in disguise) taking on water in Sowerby Bridge while working "The Cotton Mill Express" from Lancaster to Blackburn on Sat 29 Feb 2020.
  • 45562 Alberta stood at Preston's platform 5 waiting for the signal to depart with the last leg of 29 Feb's Cotton Mill Express.

Notes
  1. Rowledge & Reed 1984, p. 23.
  2. Rowledge & Reed 1984, p. 5.
  3. Rowledge & Reed 1984, p. 38.
  4. Rowledge & Reed 1984, p. 31.
  5. Rowledge & Reed 1984, p. 45.
  6. Rowledge & Reed 1984, p. 46.
  7. Rowledge & Reed 1984, p. 47.
  8. Rowledge & Reed 1984, pp. 38–40.
  9. Rowledge & Reed 1984, pp. 38, 40.
  10. Earnshaw, Alan (1989). Trains in Trouble: Vol. 5. Penryn: Atlantic Books. p. 26. ISBN 0-906899-35-4.
  11. Railways in the Northern Dales -1. The Skipton & Ilkley Line. Wyvern. p. 24. ISBN 0-907941-25-7.
  12. "Official photo from the Leeds Press Agency, 8 Oxford Row, Leeds 1". Leeds Press Agency. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
  13. http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/docsummary.php?docID=735
  14. Binns, Donald. Locomotive Classics 1 LMS Jubilee 4-6-0. Wyvern Publications. p. 30 top photo. ISBN 0907941273.
  15. Earnshaw, Alan (1990). Trains in Trouble: Vol. 6. Penryn: Atlantic Books. p. 31. ISBN 0-906899-37-0.
  16. Trevena, Arthur (1981). Trains in Trouble: Vol. 2. Redruth: Atlantic Books. p. 42. ISBN 0-906899 03 6.
  17. Millward, Ken. "Minotaur's Final Journey". Manchester Locomotive Society. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  18. "6P5F & 7P 45552 – 45742 4-6-0 LMS Stanier Jubilee". Preserved British Steam Locomotives. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
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gollark: I can beat most commercial link-shortening services at the minor* cost of enumerating all the links being stupidly trivial.
gollark: I agree.

References
  • Clay, John F. (1971). Jubilees of the LMS. Ian Allan.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Essery, Bob; Toms, George (1994). Historical Locomotive Monographs No 2: LMS Jubilees. Wild Swan Publications. ISBN 978-1-874103-17-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Hawkins, Chris (ed.). The Book of the Jubilee 4-6-0s. Irwell Press. ISBN 1-903266-27-0.
  • Longworth, Hugh. British Railway Steam Locomotives 1948-1968. ISBN 0-86093-593-0.
  • Rowledge, J.W.P.; Reed, Brian (1984) [1977]. The Stanier 4-6-0s of the LMS. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-7385-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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