Donna Shalala

Donna Edna Shalala (Arabic: دونا إدنا شلالا‎; /ʃəˈleɪlə/ shə-LAY-lə; born February 14, 1941) is an American politician and academic serving as the U.S. Representative for Florida's 27th congressional district since 2019. A member of the Democratic Party, she previously served as the 18th United States Secretary of Health and Human Services under President Bill Clinton from 1993 to 2001.

Donna Shalala
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Florida's 27th district
Assumed office
January 3, 2019
Preceded byIleana Ros-Lehtinen
President of the Clinton Foundation
In office
March 6, 2015 – April 25, 2017
Preceded byEric Braverman
Succeeded byKevin Thurm
5th President of the University of Miami
In office
June 1, 2001 – August 16, 2015
Preceded byEdward T. Foote II
Succeeded byJulio Frenk
18th United States Secretary of Health and Human Services
In office
January 22, 1993 – January 20, 2001
PresidentBill Clinton
Preceded byLouis Wade Sullivan
Succeeded byTommy Thompson
5th Chancellor of the
University of Wisconsin–Madison
In office
January 1, 1988 – January 22, 1993
Preceded byBernard Cecil Cohen
Succeeded byDavid Ward
10th President of Hunter College
In office
October 8, 1980 – January 1, 1988
Preceded byJacqueline Grennan Wexler
Succeeded byPaul LeClerc
Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Development for Policy Development and Research
In office
January 1977 – October 1980
PresidentJimmy Carter
Succeeded byEmanuel S. Savas[1]
Personal details
Born
Donna Edna Shalala

(1941-02-14) February 14, 1941
Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
EducationWestern College (BA)
Syracuse University (MA, PhD)
WebsiteHouse website

Shalala served as President of the University of Miami, a private university in Coral Gables, Florida, from 2001 through 2015. Previously she was the President of Hunter College from 1980 until 1988 and chancellor of the University of Wisconsin–Madison from 1988 to 1993. Shalala also served as Trustee Professor of Political Science and Health Policy at the University of Miami, and was President of the Clinton Foundation from 2015 to 2017.[2][3] She was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in the 2018 election, in a district which includes just over half of Miami as well as many of its eastern suburbs.[4]

Early life and education

Shalala was born in Cleveland, Ohio of Maronite Catholic Lebanese descent.[5] Her father sold real estate[6] and her mother, one of the first Lebanese-Americans to graduate from The Ohio State University,[7] was a teacher who worked two jobs and attended law school at night.[6] [7] She has a twin sister, Diane Fritel.[8][9]

Shalala attended West Technical High School where she was the editor of the school newspaper.[8] She received a bachelor's degree in 1962 from Western College for Women.[lower-alpha 1][11] From 1962 to 1964, she was among the first volunteers to serve in the Peace Corps.[12][13] Her placement took her to Iran where she worked with other volunteers to construct an agricultural college.[12] In 1970, she earned a Ph.D. from the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York.[14]

Academic career (1970–1992)

Shalala began her teaching career as a political science professor at Baruch College (part of the City University of New York), where she also was a member of the American Federation of Teachers union. In 1972, Shalala became a professor of politics and education at Teachers College, Columbia University, a post she held until 1979.[15] In 1975, Shalala became the only woman on the Municipal Assistance Corporation, a group tasked with saving New York City from a financial crisis.[6] Concurrently, from 1977 to 1980, she served as the assistant secretary for policy development and research at the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development during the Carter Administration.[16]

Shalala's first experience with academic administration came on October 8, 1980, when she became the tenth president of Hunter College, serving in this capacity until 1988.[17]

Shalala next served as chancellor of the University of Wisconsin–Madison (1988–1993).[18] At the time of her chancellorship, the university included 42,000 students, employed 16,500 people, and had an annual budget of $1 billion.[6] She was the first woman to lead a Big Ten Conference school, and only the second woman in the country to head a major research university.[19]

Under Shalala's chancellorship and with her support, the university adopted a broad speech code subjecting students to disciplinary action for communications that were perceived as hate speech. That speech code was later found unconstitutional by a federal judge.[20] Also while chancellor, Shalala supported passage of a revised faculty speech code broadly restricting "harmful" speech in both "noninstructional" and "instructional" settings. The faculty speech code was abolished ten years later, after a number of professors were investigated for alleged or suspected violations.[21] As Madison chancellor, Shalala, with then athletic director Pat Richter, interviewed and hired football coach Barry Alvarez who went on to become Wisconsin's all-time leader in football wins, with numerous appearances by Wisconsin at the Rose Bowl.[22]

U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services (1993–2001)
Shalala during her tenure as the Secretary of Health and Human Services.
Shalala with President Bill Clinton in 1993

Following a year serving as chair of the Children's Defense Fund (1992–1993), Shalala was nominated in 1992 by President-elect Bill Clinton for the position of United States Secretary of Health and Human Services.[6] The Washington Post labeled her "one of the most controversial Clinton Cabinet nominees".[20] Her nomination went before the Senate Finance Committee in January 1993.[8] At the start of her tenure, the Department of Health and Human Services employed 125,000 people and had a budget of $539 billion.[6]

Shalala served in this role for all eight years of his administration, becoming the nation's longest-serving HHS secretary. In 1996, Shalala was the designated survivor during Clinton's State of the Union address.[23]

She was the first Lebanese-American to serve in a Cabinet position.[24]

University of Miami presidency (2001–2015)

After the end of the Clinton administration in 2001, Shalala became president of the University of Miami (UM).[25] She created a UM fundraising campaign called "Momentum," designed to raise UM's endowment from approximately $750 million to $1 billion; the goal was later increased to $1.25 billion by the end of 2007.[26] In February 2012, the University of Miami announced Momentum2: The Breakthrough Campaign for the University of Miami, with $906 million already raised at the time of the public launch. On October 26, 2012, UM announced that Momentum2 hit the $1 billion mark, on track to reach the fundraising goal of $1.6 billion in 2016.

Drawing on her experience after serving as Secretary of Health and Human Services, Shalala taught a course on the United States healthcare system every spring semester.

On January 20, 2012, the Chronicle of Higher Education reported that Shalala had been paid almost a half-million dollars in 2010 to serve on the boards of three companies, two of which were run by UM trustees.[27] She served on the board of Lennar Corp,, a development company, from 2001-2012. When she left Lennar, the company reported it was to avoid a "conflict of interest." Lennar's CEO, Stuart Miller, had joined the UM Board of Trustees in 2002. Shalala rejoined Lennar in 2017 after she was no longer President of the University.[28]

In 2013, the University of Miami sold 88 acres of undeveloped Pine Rocklands, one of the last remnants of the imperiled habitat in Miami Dade County outside of Everglades National Park, to Ram Realty Services, for $22 million. The Miami New Times described this amount as "a complete steal for the developer in light of the relative worth of nearby property." Also in 2013, Ram Realty and Lennar Corp, worked on at least one project together in North Carolina.[28]

When Shalala ran for the US Congress in 2018, her candidacy was opposed by local environmentalists for her part in the sale of the UM pine rocklands site. Cully Waggoner, VP of the Pine Rocklands Commission, stated, ""She can't be trusted, and now she is running for Congress. How much more damage can she inflict on Miami?" Al Sunshine, a former TV news reporter and member of the Miami Pine Rocklands Coalition, wrote, "we want to let her know what WE THINK of her actions to sell off the UM South Campus to be bulldozed for more urban sprawl...For years we tried reaching out to her on this issue. For years, she ignored us."[28]

Shalala faced some criticism for her response to a nationally publicized custodial workers' strike at the University of Miami, which lasted from February 28, 2006, until May 1, 2006. Critics called UM's custodial workers among the lowest paid university-based custodians in the nation and alleged they were not earning a living wage. The strike prompted Shalala to raise wages. Shalala was also criticized for living in luxury while the custodians did not have health insurance.[29] Shalala criticized union organizer's tactics, including a sit-in that she said prevented students from attending classes.[29]

In the fall of 2007, Shalala was inducted into UM's Iron Arrow Honor Society.

On September 8, 2014, Shalala announced that she would be stepping down at the end of the 2014–2015 academic year.[30]

Clinton Foundation (2015–2017)

In 2015, Shalala took a leave of absence from her tenured professorship at UM to volunteer for the Clinton Foundation.[31] She followed her tenure as president of the University of Miami with being named chief executive officer of the Foundation.[32] According to The New York Times, Chelsea Clinton helped persuade Shalala to leave the Miami position, move to New York and head the foundation.[33] Shalala maintained a home in Miami and taught part-time at UM while heading the foundation in New York.[31]

Shalala led the Clinton Foundation during the 2016 presidential election, in which Hillary Clinton was a leading candidate and the propriety of the foundation's activity came under scrutiny.[31] In a September 14, 2016, interview on MSNBC, Shalala admitted that there was “no question” that donors to the Clinton Foundation had been given “courtesy appointments” in the State Department while Hillary Clinton ran that department.[34] Shalala oversaw the termination of the Clinton Global Initiative during her tenure as CEO,[31] as well as other reductions in operations intended to avoid conflicts of interest if Clinton won the election.[35] She resisted calls by The Washington Post and USA Today to shut down the foundation entirely, arguing that "there are human beings around the world who would be affected by these decisions."[36]

Shalala left the Clinton Foundation in April 2017 to return to her full-time teaching position at UM; she was replaced by her former HHS deputy Kevin Thurm.[31]

2015 stroke

Following a September 2015 Clinton Global Initiative event held at the Sheraton New York, Shalala fell ill. It was subsequently reported by a foundation statement that she had suffered a stroke.[33][37] In early 2018, she said she had recovered.[38]

U.S. House of Representatives (2019–present)

2018 campaign
Main article: 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida § District 27

In March 2018, Shalala declared her candidacy in the Democratic primary for Florida's 27th congressional district.[39][40] The district voted overwhelmingly for Clinton in the 2016 presidential election, but its House seat was held by 30-year incumbent Republican Ileana Ros-Lehtinen.[38]

In an interview with WFOR-TV, Shalala stated that she supported universal healthcare coverage, but opposed a Medicare For All single-payer healthcare system because she believed that individuals who liked their current employment-based healthcare plans should be able to keep them.[41] On August 28, 2018, Shalala won the Democratic five-candidate primary over state Representative David Richardson. The outcome of the race was substantially closer than polling predicted, which had her leading consistently by double digits. She won with 31.9 percent of the vote, vs. 27.5% for Richardson.[42]

Shalala ran against Republican candidate Maria Elvira Salazar, a popular anchorwoman for Miami Telemundo outlet WSCV, in the general election. Shalala's campaign emphasized her experience and sought to tie Salazar to President Donald Trump, who was unpopular in the district.[4] The race proved closer than expected, in part because Shalala does not speak Spanish; the 27th district is over 63 percent Latino. As late as a month before the election, polls showed Shalala either behind or practically tied with Salazar.[43] However, Shalala won the election at the age of 77, making her the second-oldest freshman Representative in history[4] after James B. Bowler who was elected at the age of 78 in 1953. Her victory returned the seat to the Democrats for the first time since the death of longtime congressman Claude Pepper in 1989.

Shalala was sworn in as a member of the 116th United States Congress on January 3, 2019. She is the oldest freshman member of the House.

On April 17, 2020, Shalala was appointed by House Speaker Nancy Pelosi to serve on the COVID-19 Congressional Oversight Commission to oversee the implementation of the CARES Act.[44]

Tenure

On December 18, 2019, Shalala voted to impeach President Donald Trump.[45]

Shalala was named a vice-chair of the 2020 Democratic National Convention.[46]

Committee assignments

Caucus memberships

Other activities

Board memberships

Shalala served on the Board of Directors of the United States Soccer Federation.[47] Shalala served as a member of the board of directors of Lennar Corporation from 2001–2012.[48][49] She served on the board of directors of Gannett Company from 2001 to 2011, retiring because of age limits.[50] The Chronicle of Higher Education has reported on the conflict of interest of Shalala sitting on boards of property development companies.[51]

Co-chair of Presidential Commission

On March 6, 2007, President George W. Bush named Shalala and Bob Dole to head a presidential commission called the President's Commission On Care for America's Returning Wounded Warriors. The commission was formed in response to a growing outcry over the care of wounded outpatient soldiers.

President Bush Meets with Co-Chairs of the President's Commission on Care for America's Returning Wounded Warriors

The commission included seven other members, ranging from injured war veterans to the wife of a wounded staff sergeant who suffered burns across 70 percent of his body. Demands for corrective action arose after The Washington Post exposed living conditions in a decrepit Army-owned building just outside Walter Reed Hospital and highlighted obstacles and delays in the treatment of soldiers who suffered serious injuries in Iraq and Afghanistan.[52] The commission subsequently issued several recommendations for improvement of these facilities.

Civic activities

In 1985, Shalala became a founding member of EMILY's List, a political action committee that seeks to elect pro-choice Democratic women to office.[53] Shalala served from 2001–2007[48] on the board of the Albert Shanker Institute, a small, three-member staff organization named for the former head of the American Federation of Teachers. She is an honorary board member of the American Iranian Council, an organization that seeks to promote closer U.S. relations with Iran.[54] She served[48] on the board of directors for Gannett Company.

Shalala serves as a co-leader of the Nutrition and Physical Activity Initiative at the Bipartisan Policy Center.[55] She serves as a distinguished senior fellow in the Economic Studies Program and the Engelberg Center for Health Care Reform at the Brookings Institution.[56] She is also a member of Washington D.C based think tank, The Inter-American Dialogue.[57]

HHS Secretary Kathleen Sebelius greets Shalala, former Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist, and former HHS Secretary Louis Sullivan prior to a bipartisan health reform implementation meeting in Washington, D.C., in 2010.

Shalala also served as a panelist on the Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense, a working group of former high-ranking government officials and academic experts that put together a set of recommendations regarding the United States' defense capabilities against biological threats.[58]

Honors

On June 19, 2008, Shalala was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George W. Bush.[59] In 2010 she received the Nelson Mandela Award for Health and Human Rights.[60] She was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in Seneca Falls, New York in 2011.[61] In 2014, she was recognized by the Harry S Truman Library and Museum with the Harry S Truman Legacy of Leadership Award.[62] In 2019, Shalala was announced as one of the members of the inaugural class of the Government Hall of Fame.[63]

Shalala has been awarded more than 50 honorary degrees.[48]

Shalala has been elected to the Council on Foreign Relations; National Academy of Education; the National Academy of Public Administration; the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; the American Philosophical Society; the National Academy of Social Insurance; the American Academy of Political and Social Science; and the National Academy of Medicine.[61]

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See also

Notes
  1. In 1976, Western College for Women merged with Miami University in Oxford, Ohio.[10]

References
  1. 97th United States Congress (April 2, 1981). "PN152 – Nomination of Emanuel S. Savas for Department of Housing and Urban Development". Congress.gov. Archived from the original on November 27, 2018. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
  2. Boston, 677 Huntington Avenue; Ma 02115 +1495‑1000 (October 20, 2017). "Donna Shalala, former President of the Clinton Foundation". Voices in Leadership.
  3. Amy Chozick (March 6, 2015). "Donna Shalala to Lead Clinton Foundation". The New York Times. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
  4. Clark, Lesley (November 6, 2018). "Shalala rode anti-Trump sentiment to take a congressional seat away from the GOP". Miami Herald. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
  5. Frank Northen Magill (1995). Great lives from history: American women series Volume 5. Salem Press.
  6. Chira, Susan (December 12, 1992). "THE TRANSITION: Woman in the News; Emphasis On Action: Donna Edna Shalala". The New York Times. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
  7. Cohen, Howard (December 2, 2014). "Lawyer Edna Shalala, mother of University of Miami president, dies at 103". Miami Herald. Retrieved October 7, 2018.
  8. Vobejda, Barbara (January 14, 1993). "Shalala: A Lifetime Spent in the Center of Storms". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
  9. Lucas, Mike (July 16, 2018). "2018 UW Athletic Hall of Fame: Donna Shalala". University of Wisconsin. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  10. "Mergers in Higher Education" (PDF). Retrieved August 3, 2018.
  11. "At Helm of Nation's Health Donna Shalala Thrives". Harvard Crimson. Retrieved June 17, 2016.
  12. "PeaceCorpsOnline web site". Peace Corps. Retrieved September 23, 2011.
  13. Vobejda, Barbara (April 15, 1993). "On a Health Kick". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  14. Curriculum Vitae Donna E. Shalala. Archived September 19, 2014, at the Wayback Machine University of Miami. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
  15. "Silhouettes of TC Today cover". Teachers College – Columbia University. Retrieved May 11, 2016.
  16. "Clinton Foundation President Donna Shalala to Address Graduates at Drexel's Commencement". DrexelNow. Retrieved May 11, 2016.
  17. "Secretary Donna Shalala Speaks at the CATS Roundtable Radio Show". John Catsimatidis Official Site. February 24, 2016. Retrieved May 11, 2016.
  18. "Past presidents and chancellors". Office of the Chancellor, University of Wisconsin. Retrieved May 11, 2016.
  19. "Donna Shalala". Retrieved September 30, 2015.
  20. "Donna Shalala biography". The Washington Post. December 15, 1999. Retrieved September 23, 2011.
  21. Alan Charles Kors from the July 1999 issue (March 1, 1999). ""Cracking the Speech Code," ''Reason'', July 1999". Reason. Retrieved September 23, 2011.
  22. Ed Sherman. "She Left Wisconsin With a Rosy Outlook,". Retrieved September 30, 2015.
  23. "Politicos Gather for State of the Union, but 'Designated Survivor' Will Be in Hiding". ABC News. January 27, 2014. Retrieved June 17, 2016.
  24. "UM president Donna Shalala lauded for handling of NCAA investigation". Miami Herald. Retrieved June 17, 2016.
  25. "Donna Shalala". University of Miami. Archived from the original on May 7, 2019. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
  26. News, U. M. "UM Surpasses $1.6 Billion M2 Goal". University of Miami News and Events. Retrieved July 5, 2019.
  27. Stripling, Jack; Board Conflicts Abound for College Chiefs; Chronicle of Higher Education; January 15, 2012;
  28. Iannelli, Jerry (March 15, 2018). "Environmentalists Slam Shalala for Selling Endangered Pine Rocklands to Walmart Developer". Miami New Times. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
  29. Goodnough, Abby; Steven Greenhouse (April 18, 2006). "Anger Rises on Both Sides of Strike at U. of Miami". The New York Times. p. A.18.
  30. Chang, Daniel, Michael Vasquez and David Smiley, "University of Miami President Shalala announces she will retire in 2015", Miami Herald via Sun Sentinel, September 8, 2014. Retrieved 2018-12.30.
  31. Charles, Jacqueline (April 25, 2017). "Former Clinton Foundation head Donna Shalala is back in Miami and at UM". Miami Herald. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
  32. Nicholas, Peter; Reinhard, Beth. "Donna Shalala to Lead Clinton Foundation". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
  33. Haberman, Maggie; Chozick, Amy (September 29, 2015). "Donna Shalala, President of Clinton Foundation, Has Stroke". The New York Times. Retrieved September 30, 2015.
  34. Mitchel, Andrea; Clinton Foundation preps for change; MSNBC; September 14, 2016;
  35. Bradner, Eric (September 15, 2016). "Clinton Foundation president rebuts Trump's 'pay-for-play' accusations". CNN. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
  36. Heavey, Susan (August 24, 2016). "Chorus grows for Clintons to shutter charitable foundation". Reuters. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
  37. "Former UM president Donna Shalala suffers stroke". Miami Herald. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
  38. Gomez Licon, Adriana (March 8, 2018). "Donna Shalala seeks to fight Trump if elected to Congress". Associated Press. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
  39. Scherer, Michael (March 6, 2018). "Former Cabinet secretary Donna Shalala to run for Congress in Miami". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 26, 2018.
  40. Daugherty, Alex; Smiley, David (March 5, 2018). "Donna Shalala is running for Congress in bid to replace Ros-Lehtinen". Miami Herald. Retrieved April 26, 2018.
  41. "Web Video Extra: Full Interview With Congressional Candidate Donna Shalala". CBS Miami. March 8, 2018. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
  42. Morejon, Andrea Torres, Liane (August 28, 2018). "Shalala wins Democratic primary for U.S. House Florida..." WPLG. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
  43. Lesley Clark (October 7, 2018). "Everybody knows her name, but Donna Shalala is finding it difficult to get to Congress". McClatchy Washington Bureau.
  44. Axelrod, Tal (April 18, 2020). "Pelosi appoints Rep. Donna Shalala to coronavirus oversight panel". TheHill. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
  45. https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-impeachment-vote-results-house-2019-12
  46. "Democratic National Convention Announces 2020 Convention Officers, Schedule of Events". 2020 Democratic National Convention. July 30, 2020. Retrieved August 3, 2020.
  47. "Board of Directors". www.ussoccer.com.
  48. "Error 404: Page Not Found". ucomm.miami.edu.
  49. "Donna Shalala, Independent Director". Morningstar. Retrieved March 13, 2011.
  50. Clabaugh, Jeff (February 23, 2011). "Donna Shalala leaves Gannett board". Business Journal. Retrieved March 13, 2011.
  51. Conflicts Abound for College Chiefs on Corporate Boards – The Chronicle of Higher Education
  52. "PeaceCorpsOnline". Peace Corps. Retrieved September 23, 2011.
  53. Vaida, Bara; Skalka, Jennifer (June 28, 2008). "Can EMILY's List Get Its Mojo Back?". National Journal. Archived from the original on February 5, 2015. Retrieved February 5, 2015.
  54. "American Iranian Council web site". American-iranian.org. Retrieved September 23, 2011.
  55. Nutrition and Physical Activity Initiative Archived August 12, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Bipartisan Policy Center
  56. McDuffee, Allen (April 2, 2012). "Donna Shalala, former HHS secretary, joins Brookings". The Washington Post.
  57. "Donna Shalala". Inter-American Dialogue. Retrieved April 13, 2017.
  58. "Secretary Donna Shalala". biodefensestudy.org. Retrieved February 13, 2017.
  59. "U.S. Senate: Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipients". www.senate.gov.
  60. Donna E. Shalala Honored With Nelson Mandela Award For Health And Human Rights Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation
  61. President Donna E. Shalala’s Biography Archived July 17, 2015, at the Wayback Machine University of Miami
  62. President Shalala Honored with Truman Award Archived February 9, 2015, at the Wayback Machine University of Miami
  63. "Rep. Shalala Named to Inaugural Class of Government Hall of Fame | U.S. Congresswoman Donna Shalala". Shalala.house.gov. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
Political offices
Preceded by
Louis Wade Sullivan		 United States Secretary of Health and Human Services
January 22, 1993 – January 20, 2001		 Succeeded by
Tommy Thompson
Academic offices
Preceded by
Jacqueline Grennan Wexler		 President of Hunter College
October 8, 1980 – January 1, 1988		 Succeeded by
Paul LeClerc
Preceded by
Bernard Cecil Cohen		 Chancellor of the University of Wisconsin–Madison
January 1, 1988 – January 22, 1993		 Succeeded by
David Ward
Preceded by
Edward T. Foote		 President of the University of Miami
June 1, 2001 – August 16, 2015		 Succeeded by
Julio Frenk
Non-profit organization positions
Preceded by
Eric Braverman		 President of the Clinton Foundation
March 6, 2015 – April 25, 2017		 Succeeded by
Kevin Thurm
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by
Ileana Ros-Lehtinen		 Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Florida's 27th congressional district
January 3, 2019 – present		 Incumbent
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by
Kim Schrier		 United States Representatives by seniority
404th		 Succeeded by
Mikie Sherrill
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