Consular missions in Hong Kong

There are 123 diplomatic missions in Hong Kong, of which 62 are consulates-general and 61 are consulates (including those represented by honorary consuls) and six officially recognised bodies in Hong Kong.[1] As Hong Kong has the status of a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, some consuls-general in Hong Kong report directly to their respective foreign ministries, rather than to their Embassies in Beijing.

British Consulate-General, Hong Kong

Consulate General of the United States of America Hong Kong and Macau, at 26 Garden Road

Consulates-general of Argentina, Canada and Japan in Hong Kong are located at Exchange Square

Star House is home to the Consulate General of Cambodia

Lippo Centre building houses the Taipei Economic and Cultural Office

Most of the consulates-general are located in the areas of Central, Admiralty, Wan Chai, Wan Chai North, Causeway Bay and Sheung Wan within Victoria City. Only two are located in Kowloon (Cambodia and Nepal), in the areas of Tsim Sha Tsui and Tsim Sha Tsui East respectively.

Of these, 55 consulates-general and seven honorary consulates are also accredited to Macau. There are 10 honorary consulates in Macau, of which two are subordinate to the consulates-general in Hong Kong.[2]

Special status of Hong Kong

Hong Kong has the status of a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, and some consuls-general in Hong Kong have the rank of Ambassador, including:

• Brazil[3]
• Japan[4]
• Philippines[5]
• United States[6]

Other consuls-general have served elsewhere as Ambassadors or High Commissioners before serving in Hong Kong, for example:

• Australia[7]
• Germany[8]
• Israel[9]

In addition, the current Head of the Office of the European Union also served as Ambassador to Malaysia.[10]

Another feature of some consuls-general in Hong Kong is that they report directly to their respective foreign ministries, rather than to their Embassies in Beijing, such as those of the following countries:

• Consulate General of Canada in Hong Kong and Macao[11]
• British Consulate-General, Hong Kong[12]
• Consulate General of the United States, Hong Kong and Macau[13]

Various consulates general are accredited to both Hong Kong and Macau. Angola and the Philippines operate consulates in both territories, and Portugal serves Hong Kong through its Macau consulate. Several consulates serving both Hong Kong and Macau indicate both territories in their official names, while others do not. In 2018 the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China requested that consulates indicate only one of the territories in their official names even if they serve both territories; it did not send this request to the European Union Office to Hong Kong and Macao.[14]

History

When Hong Kong was under British rule, the Governor represented the British government, as well as the British monarch as head of state. Matters relating to British nationality were handled by the Hong Kong Immigration Department.[15]

However, the United Kingdom's commercial interests were represented by the British Trade Commission.[16] The last Senior Trade Commissioner, Francis Cornish, became the first British Consul-General following the transfer of sovereignty to China, on July 1, 1997.[17]

During the negotiations between Britain and China on the future of Hong Kong, the British proposed the establishment of a "British Commissioner" following the transfer of sovereignty to China, which the Chinese rejected as an attempt to make the future Hong Kong Special Administrative Region into a member or associated member of the Commonwealth.[18]

As Hong Kong was a Colony (later Dependent Territory) of a Commonwealth country, some Commonwealth countries were represented by Commissions before the handover including:

• Australia[19]
• Bangladesh[20]
• Canada[21]
• New Zealand[22]
• India[23]
• Malaysia[24]
• Nigeria[25]
• Singapore[26]

After the transfer of sovereignty, they were renamed Consulates-General.[27] Similarly, the title of the head of mission was also changed, from Commissioner to Consul-General.[28] However, the Australian Commission had been renamed the Consulate-General in 1986.[29]

Although South Africa rejoined the Commonwealth in 1994, and its Embassies in Commonwealth countries were renamed High Commissions, the name of the South African Consulate General in Hong Kong remained unchanged.[30] Similarly, while Pakistan had rejoined the Commonwealth in 1989, the name of the Pakistan Consulate General in Hong Hong also remained unchanged.[31]

At the time of the transfer of sovereignty, South Africa did not have diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China, as it had not yet transferred recognition from Taiwan.[32] However, it was able to maintain its Consulate-General for an interim six-month period, until relations with Beijing were established on January 1, 1998.[33]

Other countries which had chosen to maintain diplomatic relations with Taipei closed their consulates in Hong Kong prior to the transfer of sovereignty, such as Paraguay, which closed its consulate on May 11, 1997.[34] Earlier, it had considered relocating to Macau, which was then still under Portuguese administration.[35] The Central African Republic, Costa Rica, and the Dominican Republic also closed their consulates, while Liberia, with which China had broken off diplomatic relations in September 1997, was forced to close its consulate a month later.[36] However, it later restored diplomatic relations with Beijing in 2003.[37]

As a result of the transfer of sovereignty, North Korea, which had not been allowed to establish a trade mission in Hong Kong during British rule, was able to open a Consulate-General in February 2000.[38] Similarly, Iran was also able to re-establish its Consulate-General, giving rise to concerns that the country could gain access to arms smuggled through Hong Kong, a free port.[39] This had been closed by the British Government in 1989 following the Rushdie Affair.[40]

Bhutan, which did not have diplomatic relations with either Beijing or Taipei at the time of the transfer of sovereignty, was able to maintain an honorary consulate in Hong Kong, accredited to Macau.[41]

Consular posts

Contents

• A
• B
• C
• D
• E
• F
• G
• H
• I
• J
• K
• L
• M
• N
• O
• P
• Q
• R
• S
• T
• U
• V
• W
• X
• Y
• Z

A

•  Albania – Consulate^‡[42]
•  Angola – Consulate General[43]
•  Argentina – Consulate General[44]^†
•  Australia – Consulate General^†[45]
•  Austria – Consulate General^†[46]

B

•  Bahrain – Consulate^‡[47]
•  Bangladesh – Consulate General^†[48]
•  Barbados – Consulate^‡[49]
•  Belgium – Consulate General^†[50]
•  Benin – Consulate^‡
•  Bhutan – Consulate^‡[51] (Bhutan and the People's Republic of China have no diplomatic relations)[52]
•  Botswana – Consulate^‡[53]
•  Brazil – Consulate General^†[54]
•  Brunei – Consulate General[55]
•  Burundi – Consulate^‡[56]

C

•  Cambodia – Consulate General^†[57]
•  Cameroon – Consulate^‡
•  Canada – Consulate General^†[58]
•  Chile – Consulate General^†[59]
•  Colombia – Consulate General^†[60]
•  Congo – Consulate^‡
•  Croatia – Consulate^‡
•  Cuba – Consulate^‡
•  Cyprus – Consulate^‡[61]
•  Czech Republic – Consulate General^†[62]

D

•  Djibouti – Consulate^‡[63]

E

•  Egypt – Consulate General^†[64]
•  Equatorial Guinea – Consulate^‡[65]
•  Eritrea – Consulate^‡[66]
•  Estonia – Consulate^‡[67]
•  Ethiopia – Consulate^‡†[68]

F

•  Fiji – Consulate^‡[69]
•  Finland – Consulate General^†[70]
•  France – Consulate General^†[71]

G

•  Germany – Consulate General^†[72]
•  Greece – Consulate General^†[73]
•  Grenada – Consulate^†[74]
•  Guinea – Consulate^‡

H

•  Hungary – Consulate General^†[75]

I

•  Iceland – Consulate^‡
•  India – Consulate General^†[76]
•  Indonesia – Consulate General^†[77]
•  Iran – Consulate General^†[78]
•  Ireland – Consulate General^†[79]
•  Israel – Consulate General^†[80]
•  Italy – Consulate General^†[81]
•  Ivory Coast – Consulate^‡

J

•  Jamaica – Consulate^‡
•  Japan – Consulate General^†[82]
•  Jordan – Consulate^‡[83]

K

•  Kazakhstan – Consulate General^†[84]
•  Kenya – Consulate^‡†[85]
•  North Korea – Consulate General[86]
•  South Korea – Consulate General^†[87]
•  Kuwait – Consulate[88]

L

•  Laos – Consulate General^†[89]
•  Latvia – Consulate^‡[90]
•  Lesotho – Consulate^‡[91]
•  Liechtenstein – Consulate^‡[92]
•  Lithuania – Consulate^‡[93]
•  Luxembourg – Consulate^‡

M

•  Madagascar  – Consulate^‡[94]
•  Malaysia – Consulate General^†[95]
•  Maldives – Consulate^‡[96]
•  Mali – Consulate^‡
•  Malta – Consulate^‡
•  Mauritius  – Consulate^‡[97]
•  Mexico – Consulate General^†[98]
•  Micronesia  – Consulate^‡[99]
•  Monaco – Consulate^‡[100]
•  Mongolia – Consulate General^‡[101]
•  Morocco – Consulate^‡
•  Mozambique – Consulate^‡[102]
•  Myanmar – Consulate General ^†[103]

N

•  Namibia – Consulate^‡†[104]
•    Nepal – Consulate General^†[105]
•  Netherlands – Consulate General^†[106]
•  New Zealand – Consulate General^†[107]
•  Niger  – Consulate^‡[108]
•  Nigeria  – Consulate General^†[109]
•  Norway  – Consulate^‡[110]^†

O

•  Oman – Consulate^‡[111]

P

•  Pakistan – Consulate General^†[112]
•  Panama – Consulate General
•  Papua New Guinea – Consulate^‡
•  Peru – Consulate General^†[113]
•  Philippines – Consulate General[114]
•  Poland – Consulate General^†[115]
•  Portugal – Consulate^‡ (subordinate to the Consulate General in Macau)

Q

•  Qatar – Consulate General[116]

R

•  Romania – Consulate General^†[117]
•  Russia – Consulate General^†[118]
•  Rwanda – Consulate^‡

S

•  Samoa – Consulate^‡[119]
•  San Marino – Consulate^‡[120]
•  Saudi Arabia – Consulate General^†[121]
•  Seychelles – Consulate^‡[122]
•  Singapore – Consulate General^†[123]
•  Slovakia – Consulate^‡
•  Slovenia – Consulate^‡
•  South Africa – Consulate General[124]^†
•  Spain – Consulate General^†[125]
•  Sri Lanka – Consulate^‡*
•  Sudan – Consulate^‡
•  Suriname – Consulate^‡
•  Sweden – Consulate General^†[126]
•   Switzerland – Consulate General^†[127]

T

•  Tanzania – Consulate^‡*
•  Thailand – Consulate General^†[128]
•  Tonga – Consulate^‡
•  Trinidad and Tobago – Consulate^‡
•  Tunisia – Consulate^‡
•  Turkey – Consulate General^†[129]

U

•  Uganda – Consulate^‡
•  United Arab Emirates – Consulate General
•  United Kingdom – Consulate-General[130]^†
•  United States – Consulate General^†[131]
•  Uruguay – Consulate^‡†[132]

V

•  Vanuatu – Consulate General[133]
•  Venezuela – Consulate General^†[134]
•  Vietnam – Consulate General^†[135]

Y

•  Yemen – Consulate^‡[136]

Z

•  Zimbabwe – Consulate General^†[137]

*. Also accredited to Macau.
‡. Honorary Consulates.

Missions of recognised bodies

• Bank for International Settlements – Representative Office for Asia and the Pacific
• European Union – Office of the European Commission ^*[138]
• Hague Conference on Private International Law – Asia Pacific Regional Office
• The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and The International Finance Corporation – IFC Regional Office for East Asia and Pacific and the World Bank Private Sector Development Office for East Asia and Pacific
• International Monetary Fund – Hong Kong SAR Sub-Office
• United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees – Sub-Office

*. Also accredited to Macau.

Former missions

•  Bahamas (Honorary Consulate until 2003)[139]
•  Benin (Honorary Consulate until 2007)[140]
•  Cape Verde (Consulate-General until 2000)[141]
•  Central African Republic (Honorary Consulate until 2006)[142]
•  Democratic Republic of the Congo (Honorary Consulate until 2009)[143]
•  Denmark (Consulate-General until 2012).[144]
•  Gabon (Honorary Consulate until 2016)[145]
•  Ghana (Honorary Consulate until 2013)[146]
•  Kiribati (Honorary Consulate until 2003)[147]
•  Togo (Honorary Consulate until 2014)[148]
•  Ukraine (Honorary Consulate until 2007)[149]

Norway maintained a Consulate General until 2003, and Honorary Consulate until 2004[150][151] but reopened its Consulate in 2008.[152]

The following countries, which recognise Taiwan as the Republic of China, previously had consulates in Hong Kong before 1997.

•  Belize[153]
•  El Salvador[154]
•  Guatemala[155]
•  Honduras[30]
•  Nauru[153]
•  Nicaragua[156]
•  Paraguay[34]
•  Saint Lucia[153]
•  Tuvalu[156]

The following countries, which no longer have diplomatic relations with Taiwan, previously had consulates in Hong Kong under British rule:

•  Central African Republic[34]
•  Costa Rica[157]
•  Dominica[30]
•  Dominican Republic[157]
•  Gambia[158]
•  Liberia[36]

Countries without missions

The following countries, which have diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China, do not presently have representation in Hong Kong, but have proposed establishing consulates:

•  Antigua and Barbuda[139]
•  Armenia[159]
•  East Timor[160]
•  Kiribati[161]
•  Solomon Islands[162]

The following countries, which have diplomatic relations with Taiwan, do not have consulates in Hong Kong:

•  Haiti[163]
•  Marshall Islands[164]
•  Palau[165]
•  Saint Kitts and Nevis[166]
•  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines[167]

Relations with Mainland China

See also: Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Office of the Commissioner of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in the Hong Kong SAR

The Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is the representative office of the central government of the People's Republic of China in Hong Kong. It was established in May 1947 as Xinhua News Agency and renamed on 18 January 2000.

Relations with Taiwan

See also: Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Hong Kong

The Taipei Economic and Cultural Office, previously named Chung Hwa Travel Service, is a de facto mission of the Republic of China in Hong Kong.[168] The relationship between the two entities is managed through the Hong Kong-Taiwan Economic and Cultural Co-operation and Promotion Council (ECCPC) and Taiwan-Hong Kong Economic and Cultural Co-operation Council (ECCC).

See also

• Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office
• Consular missions in Macau
• The Office of the Commissioner of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

References

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141. Closure of the Consulate General of the Republic of Cape Verde in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
142. Honorary Consul of the Central African Republic in the Hong Kong Special Administration of the People's Republic of China (Termination of Appointment) 24 May 2006
143. Honorary Consul of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the Hong Kong Special Administration of the People's Republic of China (Termination of Appointment) 25 August 2009
144. What To Do After Closure of Royal Danish Consulate-General Archived April 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Danish Chamber of Commerce, Hong Kong, 12 June 2012
145. Honorary Consul of the Gabonese Republic in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China 15 November 2013
146. Honorary Consul of the Republic of Ghana in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China 31 October 2013
147. Closure of the Consulate of the Republic of Kiribati in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
148. Honorary Consul of the Republic of Togo in the Hong Kong Special Administration of the People's Republic of China (Termination of Appointment) 13 January 2007
149. Honorary Consul of Ukraine in the Hong Kong Special Administration of the People's Republic of China (Termination of Appointment) 12 March 2007
150. China Radio International, Hong Kong Yearbook 2002, Hong Kong Yearbook 2003, Hong Kong Yearbook 2004
151. Gazette, Gazette
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154. Business Directory of Hong Kong, Current Publications Company, 1991, page 902
155. Hong Kong $ Directory, Local Printing Press, 1987, page 948
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158. Business Directory of Hong Kong, Current Publications Company, 1991, page 798
159. The meetings of the Armenian Minister of Foreign Affairs in Hong Kong Archived November 7, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Armenia
160. Ambassador Meets Mr. Kin-Chung Lam, Nominated Honorary Consul of Timor-Leste to Hong Kong and Macau Archived November 7, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Embassy of Timor Leste, May 10, 2013
161. Foreign Embassies > the Republic of Kiribati, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Republic of China)
162. "Embassy of Solomon Islands, Taipei, Republic of China (Taiwan)". Archived from the original on January 13, 2017. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
163. Foreign Embassies > the Republic of Haiti, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Republic of China)
164. Foreign Embassies > the Republic of the Marshall Islands, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Republic of China)
165. Foreign Embassies > the Republic of Palau, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Republic of China)
166. Foreign Embassies > The Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Republic of China)
167. St. Vincent considering options for embassy in Taiwan, iWitness News, June 8, 2015
168. Is name change a game changer?, Taipei Times, July 17, 2011

External links

• 125 diplomatic missions in Hong Kong
• (in English and Chinese) Protocol Division Government Secretariat of the Government of the Hong Kong SAR