Böblingen

Böblingen (German pronunciation: [ˈbøːblɪŋən]; Swabian: Beblenga) is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, seat of Böblingen District. Sindelfingen and Böblingen are contiguous.

Not to be confused with Böbingen or Böbingen an der Rems.

Böblingen
View of the town
Coat of arms
Location of Böblingen within Böblingen district
Böblingen
Böblingen
Coordinates: 48°41′08″N 09°00′55″E
CountryGermany
StateBaden-Württemberg
Admin. regionStuttgart
DistrictBöblingen
Government
 • Lord MayorStefan Belz (Greens)
Area
 • Total39.04 km2 (15.07 sq mi)
Elevation
464 m (1,522 ft)
Population
 (2018-12-31)[1]
 • Total50,155
 • Density1,300/km2 (3,300/sq mi)
Time zoneCET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Postal codes
71032, 71034
Dialling codes07031
Vehicle registrationBB, LEO
Websitewww.boeblingen.eu

History

Böblingen was founded by Count Wilhelm von Tübingen-Böblingen in 1253. Württemberg acquired the town in 1357, and on 12 May 1525 one of the bloodiest battles of the German Peasants' War took place in Böblingen. Jörg Truchsess von Waldburg attacked a force of 15,000 armed peasants; 3,000 were killed. By the end of the Thirty Years' War in 1648, the population of Böblingen had been reduced to 600.

After the establishment of the Kingdom of Württemberg, Böblingen became the seat of an Oberamt (administrative unit) in 1818. The town was connected to the railroad network in 1879, allowing industrialization to take place. In the context of administrative reform in 1938, Böblingen Oberamt became Böblingen Landkreis (district).

Böblingen before Second World War

During World War I, an airbase was established. It went into service on 16 August 1915. It had a significant impact on the further development of the city. In 1925 the airbase became the Landesflughafen (state airport) of Baden-Württemberg called Böblingen Airport. The aircraft pioneer Hanns Klemm (1885–1961) established his company "Klemm Leichtflugzeugbau GmbH" ("Klemm Light Aircraft Company") next to it. Until the Second World War it was the major employer in Böblingen.

During World War II, the town had a Luftwaffe airbase and military barracks. On 1 September 1939 (the day the war began) the airbase was the home station for the I/JG 52 (1st Group of the Jagdgeschwader 52) flying the Bf109 E-1 fighter aircraft.

On the night of 7 October 1943 during World War II, Allied air forces dropped 408 incendiary bombs and 35 high explosive bombs, killing 20 men, 12 women, 12 children and wounding 200 people. 1,735 people lost their homes and 70 percent of the old town was destroyed. In July 1944, another attack followed, killing 36 more civilians.

Town center after Allied bombing of civilian homes on 7 October 1943

In 1945 the district town of Böblingen fell into the American zone of occupation and belonged to the newly founded state of Württemberg-Baden, which merged in 1952 in the present state of Baden-Württemberg.

After the currency reform of June 20, 1948, a dynamic reconstruction began. The population tripled in just two decades (1950: 12,600; 1970: 37,500). With the settlement of future-oriented companies such as IBM (1949) and Hewlett-Packard (1959) as well as medium-sized companies, which have also settled on the Hulb since the 1970s, strong economic growth began in parallel with the increase in population.

In 1962, Böblingen was designated a Große Kreisstadt (major district town). Its current boundaries were established in 1971 when the it was merged with the municipality of Dagersheim.

Population history
Year Number of inhabitants
1598ca. 800
1654628
18032,125
18232,549
18433,504
18613,287
1 December 18713,826
1 December 1880 ¹4,365
1 December 1890 ¹4,659
1 December 1900 ¹5,303
1 December 1910 ¹6,019
16 June 1925 ¹7,227
16 June 1933 ¹7,998
Year Number of inhabitants
17 May 1939 ¹12,560
194610,809
13 September 1950 ¹12,601
6 June 1961 ¹25,366
27 May 1970 ¹35,925
31 December 197540,547
31 December 198041,505
27 May 1987 ¹42,589
31 December 199044,903
31 December 199546,516
31 December 200045,637
30 September 200446,064
31 December 201346,714

Transport

Böblingen is easily reached by multiple forms of transport.

Air

Böblingen is about 20 minutes away from Stuttgart Airport via S-Bahn.

Automobile

The interchange between the federal freeways (Autobahn) A 8 and A 81 lies northeast from Böblingen. A 81 leads past the north of the city. The exits are Böblingen Ost (East), Böblingen/Sindelfingen, Böblingen Hulb and Ehningen. Federal highways B 464 (Renningen - Reutlingen) and B 14 run by the city.

Rail

Böblingen station is situated on the Gäu Railway (Gäubahn) from Stuttgart to Singen. Regional trains serve the city every hour.

Local bus and rail

Local public transport within Böblingen operates under the uniform prices and coordination of the Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund Stuttgart ("Stuttgart Transit and Fare Association" or VVS). The S1 (Kirchheim unter Teck–Stuttgart–Herrenberg) S-Bahn (suburban rail) line connects Böblingen with Stuttgart and its S-Bahn network. The travel time to Stuttgart is about 25 minutes.

In 1996, the Schönbuchbahn line to Dettenhausen was re-activated. In 2004 the reactivation of the Rankbachbahn line to Renningen began and since 2010 it has been served by line S60 of the S-Bahn.

In addition to the main rail station, the following stations also serve the city: on S-Bahn line S1: Goldberg and Hulb; on the Schönbuchbahn line: Danziger Street, Böblingen Süd (South), Heusteig Street and Zimmerschlag. Numerous bus routes operate in the city, and are also under the VVS.

U.S. military

Panzer Kaserne (translated as Tank Barracks) is a US base where headquarters are located for Marine Corps Forces, Europe (MARFOREUR), 'Marine Corps Forces, Africa (MARFORAF) and the 1st Battalion of the US Army's 10th Special Forces Group.[2] This former German military installation was the home of the US Army's 7th Army Support Command (7th Army SUPCOM) until mid-1969 and its VII Corps successor VII Corps COSCOM (Corps Support Command). Later, units of the 3rd Brigade of the 1st Infantry Division (Forward) were stationed here as part of VII Corps.[3]

Education

Education in Germany has two lower levels of school, Kindergarten and elementary school (Grundschule - grades 1–4), and three upper levels of school, Werkrealschule (grades 5–9/10), Realschule (5–10) and Gymnasium (5–12/13). Parents decide, at the end of the fourth grade, which level of school the child should attend based on academic performance and aptitude.

In Boeblingen there are:

  • Two Werkrealschulen: Eichendorff (combined with primary school) and Theodor Heuss;
  • Two Realschulen, Albert-Schweitzer and Friedrich-Schiller;
  • Four Gymnasiums, Albert-Einstein, Lise-Meitner, Max-Planck and Otto-Hahn;
  • Two special-needs schools (Pestalozzischule);
  • Several vocational schools including: The Boeblingen Data Processing Academy, Boeblingen Commercial School, the Biotechnological High School and the Food Sciences High School;
  • Eight primary schools: Eichendorff, Eduard-Moerike, Erich-Kaestner, Friedrich-Silcher, Justinus-Kerner, Ludwig-Uhland, Wilhelm-Hauff and Grundschule Dagersheim;
  • Other schools include: (loosely translated) The Private Old Person Care School of the Workers' Welfare Institution Nordwuerttemberg, The Free Evangelist School of Boeblingen, The Free Rudolf Steiner/Waldorf School of Boeblingen/Sindelfingen, and the Private Technical High School in the Education Center of Boeblingen of the International Federation;
  • There is an American grade school, called Stuttgart Elementary School (on the American Army base of Panzer Kaserne).
  • There is an American high school, called Stuttgart High School (next to the Elementary, on the American Army base of Panzer Kaserne)

Museums
  • Tenth-scrub (1593 build), includes today the Boeblingen urban gallery and the farmer war museum (with tin figure diorama and many text boards).
  • German Butcher Museum, in a half timbered house (painted walls on the inside).
  • Städtische Galerie Böblingen – Art museum

Buildings
  • The Protestant parish church at the market place is the landmark of the city. The church was destroyed in the Second World War and rebuilt again after the war.
  • Water Tower Böblingen-Waldburg
  • Disused Böblingen Airport: the first commercial airport in the Stuttgart area
  • Orplid - a high-rise apartment building built by Hans Scharoun, proponent of Organic architecture

Events
  • Several fairs around the marketplace/Schlossplatz and the lakes (e.g. Town fair "Böblinger Jahrmarkt" in July, wine festival in September and Christmas Market in December).
  • Since 1996: every year "Böblinger Sommer am See" (lit. Summer at the lake) from June to September. There are over 60 events (e.g. concerts, flea market) taking place around the two lakes in Böblingen.
  • At regular intervals concerts and other events took place at the former Sporthalle (Civic Center, closed in 2007 and demolished since then) and at the Kongresshalle (Congregational hall; a place where numerous town events happen), like the Wetten, dass..? show, and concerts by international pop and rock stars.

Business

The Böblingen–Sindelfingen area is the location of several large enterprises:

Böblingen/Sindelfingen can be called a center of both automobile and computer industries. Daimler develops and manufactures its Mercedes brand of luxury cars here.

Hewlett-Packard (and its offspring) and IBM develop computer systems, software and electronic products in the area. Böblingen was once also a major center of European computer manufacturing, with an IBM semiconductor and printed circuit board lab and an HP computer systems manufacturing operation. Most of those electronics-production sites have either been closed or moved to other locations (such as nearby Herrenberg).

Sports

The Sporthalle (Böblingen) served as one of two playgrounds for the FIBA EuroBasket 1971.

International relations
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany

Böblingen is twinned with:[7]

All twinned cities compete in a twin town Olympiad every 3 years, excluding Sömmerda.

Sons and daughters of the city
gollark: Instead of the AI managing everything we should just have me.
gollark: This might be fixable if you have some kind of zero-knowledge voting thing and/or ways for smaller groups of people to decide to produce stuff.
gollark: If you require everyone/a majority to say "yes, let us make the thing" publicly, then you probably won't get any of the thing - if you say "yes, let us make the thing" then someone will probably go "wow, you are a bad/shameful person for supporting the thing".
gollark: Say most/many people like a thing, but the unfathomable mechanisms of culture™ have decided that it's bad/shameful/whatever. In our society, as long as it isn't something which a plurality of people *really* dislike, you can probably get it anyway since you don't need everyone's buy-in. And over time the thing might become more widely accepted by unfathomable mechanisms of culture™.
gollark: I also think that if you decide what to produce via social things instead of the current financial mechanisms, you would probably have less innovation (if you have a cool new thing™, you have to convince a lot of people it's a good idea, rather than just convincing a few specialized people that it's good enough to get some investment) and could get stuck in weird signalling loops.

References
  1. "Bevölkerung nach Nationalität und Geschlecht am 31. Dezember 2018". Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg (in German). July 2019.
  2. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/10sfg.htm
  3. http://www.usarmygermany.com/Sont.htm?http&&&www.usarmygermany.com/Units/1st%20Inf%20Div/USAREUR_1st%20Inf%20DivFwd.htm
  4. "Office Locations Archived 10 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine." Kroll. Retrieved on 14 August 2011. "Stuttgart (Kroll Ontrack) Hanns-Klemm-Straße 5, 71034 Böblingen Germany"
  5. "Headquarter." Smart Retrieved on 7 January 2018.
  6. "Contact." Wörwag Pharma Retrieved on 7 January 2018. "Calwer Straße 7, 71034 Böblingen
  7. "Partnerstädte". www.boeblingen.de (in German). Retrieved 10 August 2018.
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