1966 United States Senate elections

The 1966 United States Senate elections were elections on November 8, 1966 for the United States Senate which occurred midway through the second (only full) term of President Lyndon B. Johnson. With divisions in the Democratic base over the Vietnam War, and with the traditional mid-term advantage of the party not holding the presidency, the Republicans took three Democratic seats. Despite Republican gains, the balance remained overwhelmingly in favor of the Democrats, who retained a 64–36 majority. These were also the first elections held after enactment of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

1966 United States Senate elections

November 8, 1966
35 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate 51 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader Mike Mansfield Everett Dirksen Party Democratic Republican Leader since January 3, 1961 January 3, 1959 Leader's seat Montana Illinois Seats before 67 33 Seats after 64 36 Seat change 3 3 Popular vote 12,358,323 13,169,332 Percentage 47.9% 51.0% Swing 8.4% 8.8% Seats up 18 15 Races won 15 18
Results of the elections:      Democratic gain      Democratic hold      Republican gain      Republican hold      No election
Majority Leader before election Mike Mansfield Democratic Elected Majority Leader Mike Mansfield Democratic

For related races, see 1966 United States elections.

Retirements

Republican holds

1. Massachusetts: Leverett Saltonstall (R) was replaced by Edward Brooke (R)
2. Wyoming: Milward L. Simpson (R) was replaced by Clifford Hansen (R)

Republican gain

1. Oregon: Maurine Brown Neuberger (D) was replaced by Mark Hatfield (R)

Incumbents who lost their seats

Democratic holds

1. South Carolina: Appointee Donald S. Russell (D) lost nomination to finish the term to Ernest Hollings (D), who went on to win the general election
2. Virginia: Absalom Willis Robertson (D) lost renomination to William B. Spong Jr. (D), who went on to win the general election

Republican gains

1. Illinois: Paul Douglas (D) lost to Charles H. Percy (R)
2. Tennessee: Ross Bass (D) lost renomination to Frank G. Clement (D), who went on to lose the general election to Howard Baker (R)

Change in composition

Before the elections

D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8	D9	D10
D20	D19	D18	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11
D21	D22	D23	D24	D25	D26	D27	D28	D29	D30
D40	D39	D38	D37	D36	D35	D34	D33	D32	D31
D41	D42	D43	D44	D45	D46	D47	D48 Ala. Ran	D49 Alaska Ran	D50 Ark. Ran
Majority →									D51 Ga. Ran
D60 Okla. Ran	D59 N.C. Ran	D58 N.M. Ran	D57 N.H. Ran	D56 Mont. Ran	D55 Miss. Ran	D54 Minn. Ran	D53 La. Ran	D52 Ill. Ran
D61 Ore. Retired	D62 R.I. Ran	D63 S.C. (sp) Ran	D64 Tenn. Ran	D65 Va. (reg) Ran	D66 Va. (sp) Ran	D67 W.Va. Ran	R33 Wyo. Retired	R32 Texas Ran	R31 S.D. Ran
R21 Idaho Ran	R22 Iowa Ran	R23 Kan. Ran	R24 Ky. Ran	R25 Me. Ran	R26 Mass. Retired	R27 Mich. Ran	R28 Neb. Ran	R29 N.J. Ran	R30 S.C. Ran
R20 Del. Ran	R19 Colo. Ran	R18	R17	R16	R15	R14	R13	R12	R11
R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8	R9	R10

After the elections

D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8	D9	D10
D20	D19	D18	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11
D21	D22	D23	D24	D25	D26	D27	D28	D29	D30
D40	D39	D38	D37	D36	D35	D34	D33	D32	D31
D41	D42	D43	D44	D45	D46	D47	D48 Ala. Re-elected	D49 Alaska Re-elected	D50 Ark. Re-elected
Majority →									D51 Ga. Re-elected
D60 R.I. Re-elected	D59 Okla. Re-elected	D58 N.C. Re-elected	D57 N.M. Re-elected	D56 N.H. Re-elected	D55 Mont. Re-elected	D54 Miss. Re-elected	D53 Minn. Elected[lower-alpha 1]	D52 La. Re-elected
D61 S.C. (sp) Hold	D62 Va. (reg) Hold	D63 Va. (sp) Elected[lower-alpha 1]	D64 W.Va. Re-elected	R36 Wyo. Hold	R35 Texas Re-elected	R34 Tenn. Gain	R33 S.D. Re-elected	R32 S.C. (reg) Re-elected	R31 Ore. Gain
R21 Idaho Re-elected	R22 Ill. Gain	R23 Iowa Re-elected	R24 Kan. Re-elected	R25 Ky. Re-elected	R26 Me. Re-elected	R27 Mass. Hold	R28 Mich. Elected[lower-alpha 1]	R29 Neb. Re-elected	R30 N.J. Re-elected
R20 Del. Re-elected	R19 Colo. Re-elected	R18	R17	R16	R15	R14	R13	R12	R11
R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8	R9	R10

Key:	D# Democratic R# Republican V# Vacant

Race summaries

Special elections during the 89th Congress

In these special elections, the winner was seated during 1966 or before January 3, 1967; ordered by election date, then state.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
South Carolina (Class 3)	Donald S. Russell	Democratic	1965 (Appointed)	Incumbent lost nomination. New senator elected November 6, 1966. Democratic hold.	Y Fritz Hollings (Democratic) 51.4% Marshall Parker (Republican) 48.7%
Virginia (Class 1)	Harry F. Byrd Jr.	Democratic	1965 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected November 6, 1966.	Y Harry F. Byrd Jr. (Democratic) 53.3% Lawrence M. Traylor (Republican) 37.4% John W. Carter (Independent) 7.9%

Elections leading to the next Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning January 3, 1967; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Alabama	John Sparkman	Democratic	1946 (Special) 1948 1954 1960	Incumbent re-elected.	Y John Sparkman (Democratic) 60.1% John Grenier (Republican) 39.0%
Alaska	Bob Bartlett	Democratic	1958 (New seat) 1960	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Bob Bartlett (Democratic) 75.5% Lee McKinley (Republican) 24.5%
Arkansas	John L. McClellan	Democratic	1942 1948 1954 1960	Incumbent re-elected.	Y John L. McClellan (Democratic) Unopposed
Colorado	Gordon Allott	Republican	1954 1960	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Gordon Allott (Republican) 58.0% Roy Romer (Democratic) 41.9%
Delaware	J. Caleb Boggs	Republican	1960	Incumbent re-elected.	Y J. Caleb Boggs (Republican) 59.1% James M. Tunnell Jr. (Democratic) 40.9%
Georgia	Richard Russell Jr.	Democratic	1932 (Special) 1936 1942 1948 1954 1960	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Richard Russell Jr. (Democratic) Unopposed
Idaho	Leonard B. Jordan	Republican	1962 (Appointed) 1962 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Leonard B. Jordan (Republican) 55.4% Ralph R. Harding (Democratic) 44.6%
Illinois	Paul Douglas	Democratic	1948 1954 1960	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain.	Y Charles H. Percy (Republican) 55.0% Paul Douglas (Democratic) 43.9%
Iowa	Jack Miller	Republican	1960	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Jack Miller (Republican) 60.9% Elbert B. Smith (Democratic) 37.8%
Kansas	James B. Pearson	Republican	1962 (Appointed) 1962 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y James B. Pearson (Republican) 52.2% James Floyd Breeding (Democratic) 45.2%
Kentucky	John Sherman Cooper	Republican	1946 (Special) 1948 (Lost) 1952 (Special) 1954 (Lost) 1956 (Special) 1960	Incumbent re-elected.	Y John Sherman Cooper (Republican) 64.5% John Y. Brown, Sr. (Democratic) 35.5%
Louisiana	Allen J. Ellender	Democratic	1936 1942 1948 1954 1960	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Allen J. Ellender (Democratic) Unopposed
Maine	Margaret Chase Smith	Republican	1948 1954 1960	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Margaret Chase Smith (Republican) 59.0% Elmer H. Violette (Democratic) 41.1%
Massachusetts	Leverett Saltonstall	Republican	1944 (Special) 1948 1954 1960	Incumbent retired. New senator re-elected. Republican hold.	Y Edward Brooke (Republican) 60.7% Endicott Peabody (Democratic) 38.7%
Michigan	Robert P. Griffin	Republican	1966 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected.	Y Robert P. Griffin (Republican) 55.9% G. Mennen Williams (Democratic) 43.8%
Minnesota	Walter Mondale	Democratic	1964 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected.	Y Walter Mondale (Democratic) 53.9% Robert A. Forsythe (Republican) 45.2%
Mississippi	James Eastland	Democratic	1942 1948 1954 1960	Incumbent re-elected.	Y James Eastland (Democratic) 65.5% Prentiss Walker (Republican) 26.8% Clifton R. Whitley (Independent) 7.8%
Montana	Lee Metcalf	Democratic	1960	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Lee Metcalf (Democratic) 53.2% Tim Babcock (Republican) 46.8%
Nebraska	Carl Curtis	Republican	1954 1960	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Carl Curtis (Republican) 61.2% Frank B. Morrison (Democratic) 38.8%
New Hampshire	Thomas J. McIntyre	Democratic	1962 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Thomas J. McIntyre (Democratic) 54.0% Harrison Thyng (Republican) 45.9%
New Jersey	Clifford P. Case	Republican	1954 1960	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Clifford P. Case (Republican) 60.0% Warren W. Wilentz (Democratic) 37.0%
New Mexico	Clinton P. Anderson	Democratic	1948 1954 1960	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Clinton Anderson (Democratic) 53.1% Anderson Carter (Republican) 46.9%
North Carolina	B. Everett Jordan	Democratic	1958 (Appointed) 1958 (Special) 1960	Incumbent re-elected.	Y B. Everett Jordan (Democratic) 55.6% John S. Shallcross (Republican) 44.4%
Oklahoma	Fred R. Harris	Democratic	1964 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Fred R. Harris (Democratic) 53.7% Pat J. Patterson (Republican) 46.3%
Oregon	Maurine Neuberger	Democratic	1960 (Special) 1960	Incumbent retired. New senator re-elected. Republican gain.	Y Mark Hatfield (Republican) 51.7% Robert B. Duncan (Democratic) 48.2%
Rhode Island	Claiborne Pell	Democratic	1960	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Claiborne Pell (Democratic) 67.7% Ruth M. Briggs (Republican) 32.3%
South Carolina	Strom Thurmond	Republican	1954 1954 (Appointed) 1956 (Resigned) 1956 (Special) 1960	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Strom Thurmond (Republican) 62.2% Bradley Morrah (Democratic) 37.8%
South Dakota	Karl E. Mundt	Republican	1948 1948 (Appointed) 1954 1960	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Karl E. Mundt (Republican) 66.3% Donn H. Wright (Democratic) 33.7%
Tennessee	Ross Bass	Democratic	1964 (Special)	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Republican gain.	Y Howard Baker (Republican) 55.7% Frank G. Clement (Democratic) 44.3%
Texas	John Tower	Republican	1961 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y John Tower (Republican) 56.4% Waggoner Carr (Democratic) 43.1%
Virginia	Absalom Willis Robertson	Democratic	1946 (Appointed) 1948 1954 1960	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Democratic hold.	Y William B. Spong Jr. (Democratic) 58.6% James P. Ould Jr. (Republican) 33.5% F. Lee Hawthorne (Conservative) 7.9%
West Virginia	Jennings Randolph	Democratic	1958 (Special) 1960	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Jennings Randolph (Democratic) 59.5% Francis J. Love (Republican) 40.5%
Wyoming	Milward Simpson	Republican	1962 (Special)	Incumbent retired. New senator re-elected. Republican hold.	Y Clifford Hansen (Republican) 51.8% Teno Roncalio (Democratic) 48.2%

Alabama

Main article: 1966 United States Senate election in Alabama

See also: List of United States senators from Alabama

1966 United States Senate election in Alabama[1]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	John J. Sparkman (Incumbent)	482,138	60.07%
	Republican	John Grenier	313,018	39.00%
	Independent	Julian E. Elgin	7,444	0.93%
	None	Scattering	8	0.00%
Majority			169,120	21.07%
Turnout			802,608
	Democratic hold

Alaska

Main article: 1966 United States Senate election in Alaska

See also: List of United States senators from Alaska

1966 United States Senate election in Alaska[1]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Bob Bartlett (Incumbent)	49,289	75.54%
	Republican	Lee L. McKinley	15,961	24.46%
Majority			33,328	51.08%
Turnout			65,250
	Democratic hold

Arkansas

Main article: 1966 United States Senate election in Arkansas

See also: List of United States senators from Arkansas

1966 United States Senate election in Arkansas[1]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	John Little McClellan (Incumbent)	Unopposed	--
	Democratic hold

Colorado

Main article: 1966 United States Senate election in Colorado

See also: List of United States senators from Colorado

1966 United States Senate election in Colorado[1]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Gordon L. Allott (Incumbent)	368,307	58.02%
	Democratic	Roy Romer	266,198	41.93%
	Write-In	Walter Cranson	332	0.05%
Majority			102,109	16.09%
Turnout			634,837
	Republican hold

Delaware

Main article: 1966 United States Senate election in Delaware

See also: List of United States senators from Delaware

1966 United States Senate election in Delaware[1]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	J. Caleb Boggs (Incumbent)	97,268	59.12%
	Democratic	James M. Tunnell Jr.	67,263	40.88%
Majority			30,005	18.24%
Turnout			164,531
	Republican hold

Georgia

Main article: 1966 United States Senate election in Georgia

See also: List of United States senators from Georgia

1966 United States Senate election in Georgia[1]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Richard B. Russell Jr. (Incumbent)	631,002	99.95%
	None	Scattering	328	0.05%
Majority			630,674	99.90%
Turnout			631,330
	Democratic hold

Idaho

Main article: 1966 United States Senate election in Idaho

See also: List of United States senators from Idaho

1966 United States Senate election in Idaho[1]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Leonard B. Jordan (Incumbent)	139,819	55.38%
	Democratic	Ralph R. Harding	112,637	44.62%
Majority			27,182	10.76%
Turnout			252,456
	Republican hold

Illinois

Illinois election

Nominee Charles Percy Paul Douglas Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 2,100,449 1,678,147 Percentage 54.95% 43.90%

U.S. senator before election Paul Douglas Democratic Elected U.S. senator Charles H. Percy Republican

Main article: 1966 United States Senate election in Illinois

See also: List of United States senators from Illinois

Incumbent Democrat Paul Douglas, seeking a fourth term in the United States Senate, faced off against Republican Charles H. Percy, a businessman and the 1964 Republican nominee for Governor of Illinois. Also running was Robert Sabonjian (I), Mayor of Waukegan. A competitive election ensued, featuring campaign appearances by former Vice-President Richard M. Nixon on behalf of Percy.[2] Ultimately, Percy ended up defeating Senator Douglas by a fairly wide margin, allowing him to win what would be the first of three terms in the Senate.

1966 United States Senate election in Illinois[1]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Republican	Charles H. Percy	2,100,449	54.95%	+9.75%
	Democratic	Paul H. Douglas (Incumbent)	1,678,147	43.90%	-10.73%
	Independent	Robert Sabonjian	41,965	1.10%
	Write-ins		2,163	0.05%
Majority			422,302	11.05%	+1.61%
Turnout			3,822,724
	Republican gain from Democratic		Swing

Iowa

See also: List of United States senators from Iowa

1966 United States Senate election in Iowa[1]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Jack Miller (Incumbent)	522,339	60.91%
	Democratic	E. B. Smith	324,114	37.80%
	Constitution	Robert D. Dilley	3,826	0.45%
	Peace Independent	Charles H. Day	3,050	0.36%
	Iowa	Herbert F. Hoover	2,085	0.24%
	Prohibition	Verne Higens	2,081	0.24%
	None	Scattering	1	0.00%
Majority			198,225	23.11%
Turnout			857,496
	Republican hold

Kansas

See also: List of United States senators from Kansas

1966 United States Senate election in Kansas[1]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	James B. Pearson (Incumbent)	350,077	52.15%
	Democratic	James Floyd Breeding	303,223	45.17%
	Prohibition	Earl F. Dodge	9,364	1.39%
	Conservative	George W. Snell	7,103	1.06%
	None	Scattering	1,528	0.24%
Majority			46,854	6.98%
Turnout			671,345
	Republican hold

Kentucky

See also: List of United States senators from Kentucky

1966 United States Senate election in Kentucky[1]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	John Sherman Cooper (Incumbent)	483,805	64.52%
	Democratic	John Young Brown Sr.	266,079	35.48%
Majority			217,726	29.04%
Turnout			749,884
	Republican hold

Louisiana

Main article: 1966 United States Senate election in Louisiana

See also: List of United States senators from Louisiana

1966 United States Senate election in Louisiana[1]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Allen J. Ellender (Incumbent)	437,695	100.00%
	Democratic hold

Maine

Main article: 1966 United States Senate election in Maine

See also: List of United States senators from Maine

1966 United States Senate election in Maine[1]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Margaret Chase Smith (Incumbent)	188,291	58.93%
	Democratic	Elmer H. Violette	131,136	41.04%
	None	Scattering	108	0.03%
Majority			57,155	17.89%
Turnout			319,535
	Republican hold

Massachusetts

Massachusetts election

Nominee Edward Brooke Endicott Peabody Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 1,213,473 774,761 Percentage 60.68% 38.74%

U.S. senator before election Leverett Saltonstall Republican Elected U.S. senator Edward Brooke Republican

Main article: 1966 United States Senate election in Massachusetts

See also: List of United States senators from Massachusetts

Republican State Attorney General Edward Brooke defeated his challengers. Republican incumbent, Leverett Saltonstall, was retiring after serving for 22 years. Brooke was the first black U.S. senator elected since Reconstruction.

Democratic primary

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Endicott Peabody, Governor of Massachusetts from January 3, 1963 to January 7, 1965.[3]	320,967	50.35%
	Democratic	John F. Collins, Mayor of Boston since 1960.	265,016	41.85%
	Democratic	Thomas Boylston Adams, Academician and business executive of the Adams political family, running as an anti-war candidate.	51,435	8.07%

General election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Republican	Edward Brooke, Chairman of the Boston Finance Commission from 1961-1962 and Massachusetts Attorney General since 1962.[4]	1,213,473	60.68%	+4.49%
	Democratic	Endicott Peabody	774,761	38.74%	-4.72%
	Socialist Labor	Lawrence Gilfedder, Candidate for Lt. Governor in 1948. Ran for Governor in 1952 and 1954. Ran for Senate in 1958, 1960, 1962, 1964, 1966, and 1970.[5]	6,790	0.34%	+0.10%
	Prohibition	Mark R. Shaw, Candidate for U.S. senator from Massachusetts in 1946, 1952, 1958, 1969, 1962, and 1970. He was also the party's candidate for governor of Massachusetts in 1948 and again in 1956. In 1964 he served as Prohibition Party candidate for vice-president of the United States.	4,833	0.24%	+0.12%
Majority			438,712	21.94%
Turnout			1,999,857
	Republican hold

Michigan

See also: List of United States senators from Michigan

1966 United States Senate election in Michigan[1]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Robert P. Griffin (Incumbent)	1,363,808	55.88%
	Democratic	G. Mennen Williams	1,070,484	43.86%
	Socialist Labor	Ralph M. Muncy	6,166	0.25%
	None	Scattering	185	0.01%
Majority			293,324	12.02%
Turnout			2,440,643
	Republican hold

Minnesota

Minnesota election

Nominee Walter F. Mondale Robert A. Forsythe Party Democratic (DFL) Republican Popular vote 685,840 574,868 Percentage 53.94% 45.21%

U.S. senator before election Walter F. Mondale Democratic (DFL) Elected U.S. senator Walter F. Mondale Democratic (DFL)

Main article: 1966 United States Senate election in Minnesota

See also: List of United States senators from Minnesota

Incumbent Democratic U.S. senator Walter Mondale, who had originally been appointed in 1964 to replace Hubert Humphrey after Humphrey was elected Vice President of the United States, defeated Republican challenger Robert A. Forsythe, to win a full term.

Democratic primary[6]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic (DFL)	Walter F. Mondale (Incumbent)	410,841	90.97%
	Democratic (DFL)	Ralph E. Franklin	40,785	9.03%

Republican primary[7]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Robert A. Forsythe	211,282	81.19%
	Republican	Henry A. Johnsen	48,941	18.81%

General election[8]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic (DFL)	Walter F. Mondale (Incumbent)	685,840	53.94%
	Republican	Robert A. Forsythe	574,868	45.21%
	Socialist Workers	Joseph Johnson	5,487	0.43%
	Industrial Government	William Braatz	5,231	0.41%
Majority			110,972	8.73%
Turnout			1,271,426
	Democratic (DFL) hold

Mississippi

Mississippi election

Nominee James O. Eastland Prentiss Walker Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 258,248 105,150 Percentage 65.56% 26.70%   Nominee Clifton R. Whitley Party Mississippi Freedom Democratic Popular vote 30,502 Percentage 7.74%

County Results: Eastland:      40-50%      50-60%      60-70%      70-80%      80-90% Walker:      40-50%      50-60%      60-70%

U.S. senator before election James O. Eastland Democratic Elected U.S. senator James O. Eastland Democratic

Main article: 1966 United States Senate election in Mississippi

See also: List of United States senators from Mississippi

Incumbent James Eastland, who first entered the Senate in 1941, faced the opposition of Prentiss Walker, the first Republican representment since Reconstruction.[9][10]

Walker, who voted against the Civil Rights Act of 1964, ran on the right of Eastland and solely focused on the white vote, accusing him of not being hard enough in opposing integration and being friendly with President Johnson, accusations to which Eastland partisans opposed the fact Walker nominated a black constituent, Marvell Lang, to the Air Force Academy.[11][12][13] He proudly announced he went to a meeting of the Americans for the Preservation of the White Race, a Ku Klux Klan front, enabling Eastland to proudly announce he was opposed by both the Klan and the AFL-CIO.[13]

Eastland cast the civil rights movement with the tar of Communism and Black Power and raised the bloody shirt of Reconstruction against the candidacy of Walker.[12] He was supported by segregationists Tom Brady, George Wallace and Leander Perez.[13]

Most of the White voters stayed with Eastland, and Walker ironically won African-Americans in southwestern Mississippi who wanted to cast a protest vote against Eastland.[9]

Years later, Wirt Yerger, the chairman of the Mississippi Republican Party in the 1960s, said that Walker's decision to relinquish his House seat after one term for the vagaries of a Senate race against Eastland was "very devastating" to the growth of the GOP in Mississippi.[14]

Reverend Clifton Whitley also ran for the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.[12][15] A sore-loser law was invoked against Whitley, who ran in the Democratic primary, and he only won one week before the election, thereby preventing to enter any serious campaign or fundraising.[13]

1966 United States Senate election in Mississippi[1]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	James O. Eastland (Incumbent)	258,248	65.56%
	Republican	Prentiss Walker	105,150	26.69%
	Independent	Clifton R. Whitley	30,502	7.74%
Majority			153,098	38.87%
Turnout			393,900
	Democratic hold

Montana

Montana election

Nominee Lee Metcalf Tim Babcock Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 138,166 121,697 Percentage 53.17% 46.83%

U.S. senator before election Lee Metcalf Democratic Elected U.S. senator Lee Metcalf Democratic

Main article: 1966 United States Senate election in Montana

See also: List of United States senators from Montana

Incumbent United States senator Lee Metcalf, who was first elected to the Senate in 1960, ran for re-election. He won the Democratic primary uncontested, and moved on to the general election, where he was opposed by Tim Babcock, the Republican nominee and the Governor of Montana. Though the race remained close, Metcalf was able to expand on his 1960 margin of victory, and defeated Babcock to win a second term.

Democratic Party primary[16]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Lee Metcalf (Incumbent)	73,975	100.00%
Total votes			73,975	100.00%

Republican Primary[16]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Tim M. Babcock	54,828	100.00%
Total votes			54,828	100.00%

1966 United States Senate election in Montana[1]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Democratic	Lee Metcalf (Incumbent)	138,166	53.17%	+2.44%
	Republican	Tim M. Babcock	121,697	46.83%	-2.44%
Majority			16,469	6.34%	+4.87%
Turnout			259,863
	Democratic hold		Swing

Nebraska

See also: List of United States senators from Nebraska

1966 United States Senate election in Nebraska[1]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Carl T. Curtis (Incumbent)	296,116	61.04%
	Democratic	Frank B. Morrison	187,950	38.74%
	None	Scattering	1,032	0.21%
Majority			108,166	23.30%
Turnout			485,098
	Republican hold

New Hampshire

See also: List of United States senators from New Hampshire

1966 United States Senate election in New Hampshire[1]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Thomas J. McIntyre (Incumbent)	123,888	54.04%
	Republican	Harrison R. Thyng	105,241	45.91%
	None	Helen Bliss	108	0.05%
Majority			18,647	8.13%
Turnout			229,237
	Democratic hold

New Jersey

Main article: 1966 United States Senate election in New Jersey

See also: List of United States senators from New Jersey

1966 United States Senate election in New Jersey[1]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Clifford P. Case (Incumbent)	1,278,843	60.02%
	Democratic	Warren W. Wilentz	788,021	36.98%
	Conservative	Robert Lee Schlachter	53,606	2.52%
	Socialist Labor	Julius Levin	10,218	0.48%
Majority			490,822	23.04%
Turnout			2,130,688
	Republican hold

New Mexico

See also: List of United States senators from New Mexico

1966 United States Senate election in New Mexico[1]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Clinton Presba Anderson (Incumbent)	137,205	53.14%
	Republican	Anderson Carter	120,988	46.86%
Majority			16,217	7.28%
Turnout			258,193
	Democratic hold

North Carolina

See also: List of United States senators from North Carolina

1966 United States Senate election in North Carolina[1]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	B. Everett Jordan (Incumbent)	501,440	55.59%
	Republican	John S. Shallcross	400,502	44.40%
	Write-In	Donald R. Badgley	36	0.00%
Majority			100,938	11.19%
Turnout			901,978
	Democratic hold

Oklahoma

See also: List of United States senators from Oklahoma

1966 United States Senate election in Oklahoma[1]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Fred R. Harris (Incumbent)	343,157	53.72%
	Republican	Pat H. Patterson	295,585	46.28%
Majority			47,572	7.44%
Turnout			638,742
	Democratic hold

Oregon

Oregon election

Nominee Mark Hatfield Robert B. Duncan Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 354,391 330,374 Percentage 51.75% 47.25%

U.S. senator before election Maurine Brown Neuberger Democratic Elected U.S. senator Mark Hatfield Republican

Main article: 1966 United States Senate election in Oregon

See also: List of United States senators from Oregon

Incumbent Senator Maurine Brown Neuberger did not seek re-election. Held during the escalation of United States involvement of the Vietnam War, the race was between Republican candidate and incumbent Governor of Oregon Mark Hatfield, who opposed the war, and Democratic congressman Robert B. Duncan, who supported the war. In an unusual move, Oregon's other Senator, Democrat Wayne Morse, who also opposed the war, crossed party lines to endorse Hatfield, who won in a close election, his first of five terms in the United States Senate.

In March 1960, first-term U.S. senator Richard L. Neuberger died in office. Despite calls to appoint his widow, Maurine Brown Neuberger, to the position, Governor Mark Hatfield instead appointed Oregon Supreme Court justice Hall S. Lusk to fill the position until a November special election. Hatfield stated that he intended to have appointed Neuberger, but that he wanted to appoint someone who would be focused on completing the remaining eight months of the term and not running in the regular-term Senate election as Neuberger had announced she would.[17] Some observers noted that Hatfield, a Republican, though required by state law to appoint someone of the same political party as the late Senator Neuberger, did not want to give the other party the political advantage of incumbency.[17][18]

Neuberger went on to win the special election over former Oregon governor Elmo Smith,[18] but despite the urging of Oregon congressman Robert B. Duncan,[19] she chose not to run for a second term in 1966, citing health issues, poor relations with Oregon's senior Senator Wayne Morse, and the burden of fundraising.[18] Duncan also urged fellow Oregon congressperson Edith Green to run for the post, but Green also declined.[19]

On the seventh anniversary of his inauguration as Oregon's 29th governor, Hatfield announced his candidacy for the Republican nomination.[20] In his announcement, Hatfield focused on the economic achievements in the state since his election, citing record-high employment and the creation of 138,000 jobs.[21] Hatfield was considered vulnerable on the subject of the Vietnam War, which he opposed, in contrast with 75% of Oregonians, who favored the war.[22] Hatfield's views on the war had been strongly affected by his own experiences: as a U.S. Navy ensign in World War II, he had been among the first to walk through the devastation caused by the atomic bombing of Hiroshima; in a later assignment in Vietnam, he saw first-hand how imperialism led to incredible disparity, with countless Vietnamese living in poverty next to opulent French mansions.[22] The war issue gave Hatfield competition from several minor candidates on the right, but Hatfield nonetheless won by a wide margin, besting his nearest competitor, conservative evangelist Walter Huss, by a nearly 6–1 margin.[23]

Republican primary for the United States Senate from Oregon, 1966[24]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Mark Hatfield	174,280	75.18%
	Republican	Walter Huss	31,368	13.53%
	Republican	Jim Bacaloff	19,547	8.43%
	Republican	George Altvater	6,637	2.86%
Total votes			231,832	100.00%

In March 1966, Duncan announced his candidacy for the Democratic nomination, which was quickly endorsed by Neuberger.[25] In his speech announcing his candidacy, Duncan reiterated his strong support for President Lyndon B. Johnson's escalation of the Vietnam War with its goal of stopping Communist expansion in Asia.[25] Duncan's strong announcement exposed a rift among Oregon Democrats, including Oregon's senior Senator Wayne Morse, a leading anti-war voice,[25] and Duncan's House colleague, Edith Green. Green had urged Duncan to run, but Duncan's hawkish statement troubled her.[26] Soon after Duncan announced his candidacy, Howard Morgan, a former member of the Federal Power Commission, announced he was running as an anti-war option to Duncan. Morgan had the support of Morse and Green (though Green's endorsement did not come until the final week of the campaign),[26][27][28] and Duncan had the endorsement of most of the party organization and the major newspapers in the state. When the results were announced, Duncan won by a nearly 2-1 margin in one of the first elections in which the Vietnam War was a central issue.[29]

Democratic primary for the United States Senate from Oregon, 1966[30]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Robert B. Duncan	161,189	62.20%
	Democratic	Howard Morgan	89,174	34.41%
	Democratic	Gilbert L. Meyer	8,788	3.39%
Total votes			259,151	100.00%

The general election was now set up between two participants whose views on the Vietnam War were in direct opposition to many in their party: Duncan, a pro-war Democrat and Hatfield, an anti-war Republican.[19][31] With more than three-quarters of Oregonians sharing his view on the war, Duncan used the issue to attack Hatfield, stating that the outcome of the war would determine "whether Americans will die in the buffalo grass of Vietnam or the rye grass of Oregon."[22][32] Duncan also stressed that his election was necessary to provide a pro-Government voice for Oregon to counteract the anti-war views of Senator Morse.[32] Morse, who had strongly supported Duncan's rival in the primary, now went across party lines and threw his support to Hatfield, though he did not campaign for him.[19][32]

Hatfield, whose popularity as Governor had made him the favorite in the race, soon found his campaign in trouble. Morse's support backfired among many Republicans; Morse had left their party in 1952 to join the Democrats a few years later, and many worried that Hatfield would follow the same path.[33][34] At a June conference of governors of all 50 states, Hatfield was the lone dissenter on a resolution expressing support for the war, calling the resolution a "blank check" for President Johnson's conduct of the war.[32][35] By the middle of the summer, fueled by the departure of Republican hawks (such as former Oregon State Treasurer and 1962 Senate candidate Sig Unander who wholeheartedly endorsed Duncan), and with a strong majority of voters in the state already registered as Democrats, Duncan surged to a lead in most polls.[33]

While Hatfield did not back away from his war stance, he sought to focus his campaign on other issues, chiefly focusing on the Johnson administration's economic policies that, in Hatfield's view, had created a recession that was creating unemployment in Oregon's timber industry.[19][33] As the election neared in early fall, Hatfield had pulled even with Duncan with momentum on his side.[33] Hatfield won in 27 of Oregon's 36 counties en route to a solid but narrow 52%-48% victory.[36][37] In his victory speech, Hatfield maintained that the vote was not a referendum on the war and that "neither Hanoi nor Washington should misread the results."[36]

1966 United States Senate election in Oregon[38]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Mark Hatfield	354,391	51.75%
	Democratic	Robert B. Duncan	330,374	48.25%
Total votes			684,765	100.00%
	Republican gain from Democratic

Hatfield would be re-elected to five more terms, most comfortably, before retiring from the Senate in 1996. Duncan sought revenge against Morse in the Democratic primary of the 1968 Senate election, but came in second in a close three-way primary that he might have won had not a third candidate drawn off some anti-Morse votes.[19] After Morse's loss to Bob Packwood in the 1968 general election, Duncan and Morse again squared off for the Democratic nomination in the 1972 Senate election to face Hatfield. Morse won again, and lost to Hatfield in the general election.[19] In 1974, Duncan was re-elected to the House of Representatives. He served three terms before being defeated in the Democratic primary by Ron Wyden in 1980.[19][39]

Rhode Island

See also: List of United States senators from Rhode Island

1966 United States Senate election in Rhode Island[1]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Claiborne Pell (Incumbent)	219,331	67.66%
	Republican	Ruth M. Briggs	104,838	32.34%
Majority			114,493	35.32%
Turnout			324,169
	Democratic hold

South Carolina

See also: List of United States senators from South Carolina

There were two elections, due to the death of Olin D. Johnston in 1965.

South Carolina (Regular)

South Carolina general election

Nominee Strom Thurmond Bradley Morrah Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 271,297 164,955 Percentage 62.2% 37.8%

U.S. senator before election Strom Thurmond Republican Elected U.S. senator Strom Thurmond Republican

Main article: 1966 United States Senate election in South Carolina

Incumbent Strom Thurmond, who had switched parties from Democratic to Republican in 1964, easily defeated state senator Bradley Morrah in the general election.

The two Democrats who could have defeated Thurmond competed against each other in the special election to serve the remaining two years of Olin D. Johnston's six-year term. As a result, little known state senator Bradley Morrah of Greenville won the South Carolina Democratic Party primary election on June 14 against John Bolt Culbertson to become the nominee in the general election.

Democratic Primary
Candidate	Votes	%
Bradley Morrah	167,401	55.9%
John Bolt Culbertson	131,870	44.1%

Senator Strom Thurmond faced no opposition from South Carolina Republicans and avoided a primary election.

Morrah faced an uphill struggle against Senator Thurmond because the Democratic resources were primarily poured into the special election to help Fritz Hollings and in the gubernatorial contest for Robert Evander McNair. Furthermore, Thurmond refused to debate Morrah and Thurmond boasted of the endorsements he received from Southern Democratic senators Richard Russell Jr., John C. Stennis, and Herman Talmadge. Morrah was easily dispatched by Thurmond in the general election and he also lost re-election to his state senate seat. He would never again hold public office, which was a routine occurrence for Thurmond's opponents.

1966 South Carolina election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Republican	Strom Thurmond	271,297	62.2%	+62.2%
	Democratic	Bradley Morrah	164,955	37.8%	-62.2%
Majority			106,342	24.4%	-75.6%
Turnout			436,252	49.1%	-6.3%
	Republican hold

South Carolina (Special)

Senator Ernest "Fritz" Hollings

Main article: 1966 United States Senate special election in South Carolina

The election resulted from the death of Senator Olin D. Johnston in 1965. Then-Governor Donald S. Russell entered in a prearranged agreement with Lieutenant Governor Robert Evander McNair in which Russell would resign his post so that he could be appointed Senator. However, former Governor Fritz Hollings won the Democratic primary election and went on to beat Republican state senator Marshall Parker in the general election to fill the remaining two years of the unexpired term.

In the 1962 gubernatorial election, Donald S. Russell had stated that he would he serve out a full term and not seek a higher office. However, midway through his term he resigned from the governorship so that he could be appointed to the United States Senate. Russell faced a challenge in the Democratic primary from former Governor Fritz Hollings, who had lost to Olin D. Johnston in the 1962 primary for the same Senate seat. On June 14, the South Carolina Democratic Party held their primary election and Hollings scored a comfortable victory over Russell to become the Democratic nominee.

Democratic Primary
Candidate	Votes	%
Fritz Hollings	196,405	60.8%
Donald S. Russell	126,595	39.2%

The South Carolina Republican Party was in the beginning stages of becoming a major political party in South Carolina politics. It had few elected officials in the state and when state senator Marshall Parker from Oconee County sought the Republican nomination, he did not face any opposition.

Parker faced an uphill battle in winning the Senate seat. First, the state was dominated by the Democratic Party and any Republican politician faced a tough time seeking election. Although there was hope for Republicans because Barry Goldwater had won the state in the 1964 presidential election. Secondly, most of the resources of the Republican party were allocated for Strom Thurmond's re-election campaign and Joseph O. Rogers Jr. gubernatorial election. Nevertheless, Parker was able to kept the race close and almost unseated Hollings in the general election.

South Carolina U.S. Senate Special Election, 1966

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Democratic	Fritz Hollings	223,790	51.3%	-5.9%
	Republican	Marshall Parker	212,032	48.7%	+5.9%
Majority			11,758	2.6%	-11.8%
Turnout			435,822	49.1%	+2.2%
	Democratic hold

Hollings's first Senate victory was also his closest and he was easily re-elected in 1968 (full term), 1974, 1980, and 1986, with somewhat tougher races in 1992 and 1998, although neither with a margin as narrow as that of his initial election. He eventually became seventh longest-serving senator in history (just behind Robert Byrd, Thurmond, Ted Kennedy, Daniel Inouye, Carl Hayden and John C. Stennis). He and Thurmond were also the longest-serving Senate duo. Because of this, despite his length of service, Hollings spent 36 years as the junior Senator, even though - with his penultimate term - he had gained seniority of all but four of his colleagues - Byrd, Thurmond, Inouye and Kennedy. Hollings went on to become a nationally important political figure, e.g., serving as Chairman of the Budget committee.

South Dakota

See also: List of United States senators from South Dakota

1966 United States Senate election in South Dakota[1]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Karl Mundt (Incumbent)	150,517	66.28%
	Democratic	Donn H. Wright	76,563	33.72%
Majority			73,954	32.56%
Turnout			227,080
	Republican hold

Tennessee

Tennessee election

Nominee Howard Baker Frank G. Clement Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 483,063 383,843 Percentage 55.72% 44.28%

Senator before election Ross Bass Democratic Elected Senator Howard Baker Republican

Main article: 1966 United States Senate election in Tennessee

See also: List of United States senators from Tennessee

Republican Howard Baker won the U.S. Senate election in Tennessee, he defeated the Democratic nominee, Frank G. Clement.

General election[40]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Howard Baker	483,063	55.72%
	Democratic	Frank G. Clement	383,843	44.27%
	None	Write-Ins	55	0.01%
Majority			99,220	10.45%
Turnout			866,961
	Republican gain from Democratic

Texas

Texas election

Nominee John Tower Waggoner Carr Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 842,501 643,855 Percentage 56.42% 43.12%

County results Tower:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% Carr:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      90–100%

U.S. senator before election John Tower Republican Elected U.S. Senator John Tower Republican

Main article: 1966 United States Senate election in Texas

See also: List of United States senators from Texas

1966 United States Senate election in Texas[1]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	John Tower (Incumbent)	841,501	56.39%
	Democratic	Waggoner Carr	643,855	43.15%
	Constitution	James Baker Holland	6,778	0.45%
	None	Scattering	45	0.00%
Majority			197,646	13.24%
Turnout			1,492,179
	Republican hold

Virginia

See also: List of United States senators from Virginia

There were two elections, due to the resignation of Harry F. Byrd Sr. in 1965.

Virginia (Regular)

Virginia election

Nominee William B. Spong Jr. James P. Ould Jr. Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 429,855 245,681 Percentage 58.6% 33.5%   Nominee F. Lee Hawthorne Party Independent Popular vote 58,251 Percentage 7.9%

U.S. senator before election A. Willis Robertson Democratic Elected U.S. senator William B. Spong Jr. Democratic

Main article: 1966 United States Senate election in Virginia

Democratic State Senator William B. Spong Jr. defeated Republican James P. Ould Jr. and Independent F. Lee Hawthorne.

1966 United States Senate election in Virginia[1]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Democratic	William B. Spong Jr.	429,855	58.57%	-22.70%
	Republican	James P. Ould Jr.	245,681	33.48%	+33.48%
	Independent	F. Lee Hawthorne	58,251	7.94%
	Write-ins		92	0.01%	-0.17%
Majority			184,174	25.10%	-41.93%
Turnout			733,879
	Democratic hold

Virginia (Special)

Virginia special election

Nominee Harry F. Byrd Jr. Lawrence M. Traylor Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 389,028 272,804 Percentage 53.3% 37.4%   Nominee John W. Carter Party Independent Popular vote 57,692 Percentage 7.9%

U.S. senator before election Harry F. Byrd Jr. Democratic Elected U.S. senator Harry F. Byrd Jr. Democratic

Main article: 1966 United States Senate special election in Virginia

Incumbent Senator Harry F. Byrd Sr. had resigned the previous year due to health reasons, and his son Harry F. Byrd Jr. had been appointed to replace him. Byrd defeated Republican Lawrence M. Traylor and independent candidate John W. Carter, and was able to finish the rest of his father's term.

1966 United States Senate special election in Virginia[1]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Democratic	Harry F. Byrd Jr. (Incumbent)	389,028	53.30%	-10.50%
	Republican	Lawrence M. Traylor	272,804	37.38%	+18.35%
	Independent	John W. Carter	57,692	7.90%
	Independent	J.B. Brayman	10,180	1.39%	-1.91%
	Write-ins		135	0.02%	+0.01%
Majority			116,224	15.92%	-28.85%
Turnout			729,839
	Democratic hold

West Virginia

See also: List of United States senators from West Virginia

1966 United States Senate election in West Virginia[1]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Jennings Randolph (Incumbent)	292,325	59.51%
	Republican	Francis J. Love	198,891	40.49%
Majority			93,434	19.02%
Turnout			491,216
	Democratic hold

Wyoming

See also: List of United States senators from Wyoming

1966 United States Senate election in Wyoming[1]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Clifford P. Hansen	63,548	51.80%
	Democratic	Teno Roncalio	59,141	48.20%
Majority			4,407	3.60%
Turnout			122,689
	Republican hold

See also

• 1966 United States elections
  • 1966 United States gubernatorial elections
  • 1966 United States House of Representatives elections
• 89th United States Congress
• 90th United States Congress

Notes

1. Appointee elected

References

1. "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 8, 1966" (PDF). Clerk.house.gov. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
2. Perlstein, Rick. Nixonland: The Rise of a President and the Fracturing of America. New York: Scribner, 2008. Print.
3. Endicott Peabody at ourcampaigns.com
4. Edward Brooke at ourcampaigns.com
5. Lawrence Gilfedder at ourcampaigns.com
6. "MN US Senate - DFL Primary Race - Sep 13, 1966". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
7. "MN US Senate - R Primary Race - Sep 13, 1966". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
8. "MN US Senate Race - Nov 08, 1966". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
9. "Nation: Choosing Up". Time. June 17, 1966. ISSN 0040-781X. Retrieved January 6, 2018.
10. "Our Campaigns - MS US Senate Race - Nov 08, 1966". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved January 6, 2018.
11. Danielson, Chris. "Right Turn? The Republican Party and African-American Politics in Post-1965 Mississippi". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
12. Asch, Chris Myers (February 1, 2011). The Senator and the Sharecropper: The Freedom Struggles of James O. Eastland and Fannie Lou Hamer. Univ of North Carolina Press. pp. 238–242. ISBN 9780807878057.
13. Annis, J. Lee (July 21, 2016). Big Jim Eastland: The Godfather of Mississippi. Univ. Press of Mississippi. ISBN 9781496806154.
14. The Journal of Mississippi History. Mississippi Department of Archives and History. 1985. p. 256.
15. "Whitley, Clifton". crdl.usg.edu. Retrieved January 6, 2018.
16. "Report of the Official Canvass of the Vote Cast at the Primary Election Held in the State of Montana, August 16, 1966". Montana Secretary of State. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
17. "Oregon Justice, Democrat, gets Neuberger's seat in U. S. Senate" (PDF). The New York Times. March 16, 1960. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
18. "Women in Congress: Maurine B. Neuberger, Senator from Oregon". United States Congress. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
19. Mapes, Jeff (April 30, 2011). "Bob Duncan and his three losing—but history-making—U.S. Senate races". The Oregonian. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
20. "Hatfield seeks seat in Senate". The Register-Guard. January 12, 1966. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
21. "Hatfield announces his candidacy for the Senate" (PDF). The New York Times. January 13, 1966. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
22. Walth, Brent (December 29, 1996). "Mark of distinction". The Oregonian.
23. "Oregon: one war foe loses, another wins". The Miami News. May 25, 1966. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
24. "Unofficial Totals of Primary Election". The Register-Guard. May 26, 1966. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
25. Abell, Ron (March 2, 1966). "Duncan joins Senate race". The Register-Guard. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
26. Duscha, Julius (May 24, 1966). "Oregon anti-war candidate gains Rep. Green's support". The Spokesman-Review. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
27. Abell, Ron (March 11, 1966). "Morgan joins Senate race". The Register-Guard. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
28. "Supporter of Viet war wins Oregon primary". The Rochester Sentinel. May 25, 1966. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
29. Davies, Lawrence E (May 25, 1966). "Vietnam critic defeated" (PDF). The New York Times. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
30. "Oregon US Senate Democratic Primary Race, May 24, 1966". ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
31. Balmer, Donald G. (June 1967). "The 1966 Election in Oregon". The Western Political Quarterly. 20 (2): 593–601. doi:10.2307/446088. JSTOR 446088.
32. Johnson, Robert David (2006). Congress and the Cold War. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 134. ISBN 978-0-521-82133-9.
33. Turner, Wallace (November 6, 1966). "Hatfield stages Oregon recovery" (PDF). The New York Times. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
34. Evans, Rowland; Robert Novak (October 5, 1966). "Oregon vote won't be Viet Nam referendum". The Free Lance Star. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
35. "Governors back Viet action". The Register-Guard. July 8, 1966. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
36. "Hatfield, McCall win". The Register-Guard. November 9, 1966. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
37. "Hatfield defeats Duncan in Oregon" (PDF). The New York Times. November 9, 1966. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
38. "Oregon US Senate Race, Nov 8, 1966". ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
39. "Five-Term Congressman is Defeated in Oregon". The New York Times. May 21, 1980. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
40. Cook, Rhodes (October 26, 2017). America Votes 32: 2015-2016, Election Returns by State. ISBN 9781506368993.

Sources

• Massachusetts Race details at ourcampaigns.com
• "Supplemental Report of the Secretary of State to the General Assembly of South Carolina." Reports and Resolutions of South Carolina to the General Assembly of the State of South Carolina. Volume II. Columbia, SC: 1967, pp. 16, 41.
• Bass, Jack; Marilyn W. Thompson (1998). Ol' Strom: An Unauthorized Biography of Strom Thurmond. Longstreet. pp. 222–223.
• "Supplemental Report of the Secretary of State to the General Assembly of South Carolina." Reports and Resolutions of South Carolina to the General Assembly of the State of South Carolina. Volume II. Columbia, SC: 1967, pp. 16, 41.
• "South Carolina's New Senator". Time. April 30, 1965. Retrieved February 2, 2008.