1914 United States Senate elections

The United States Senate elections of 1914, with the ratification of the 17th Amendment in 1913, were the first time that all seats up for election were popularly elected instead of chosen by their state legislatures. These elections occurred in the middle of Democratic President Woodrow Wilson's first term.

1914 United States Senate elections

November 3, 1914
34 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate 49 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader John W. Kern[lower-alpha 1] Jacob H. Gallinger[lower-alpha 2] Party Democratic Republican Leader's seat Indiana New Hampshire Seats before 50 44 Seats won 19 15 Seats after 53 41 Seat change 3 3 Seats up 16 18   Third party   Party Progressive Seats before 1 Seats won 0 Seats after 1 Seat change Seats up 0
Results of the elections:      Democratic gain      Democratic hold      Republican gain      Republican hold      No election
Majority conference chairman before election John W. Kern Democratic Elected Majority conference chairman John W. Kern Democratic

For related races, see 1914 United States elections.

Gains and losses

Three seats held by Republicans were won by Democrats:

• California: Republican George Clement Perkins retired and was replaced by Democrat James D. Phelan.
• South Dakota: Republican Coe I. Crawford lost renomination and was replaced by Democrat Edwin S. Johnson.
• Wisconsin: Republican Isaac Stephenson retired and was replaced by Democrat Paul O. Husting.

One incumbent senator, not up for re-election, later changed from Progressive to Republican.

Senate Party Division, 64th Congress (1915–1917)

• Majority Party: Democratic (55 seats)
• Minority Party: Republican (41 seats)
• Other Parties: 0
• Total Seats: 96

Change in composition

Before the elections

		D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8
D18	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9
D19	D20	D21	D22	D23	D24	D25	D26	D27	D28
D38 Ariz. Ran	D37 Ala. (sp) Died Ala. (reg) Retired	D36	D35	D34	D33	D32	D31	D30	D29
D39 Ark. Ran	D40 Colo. Ran	D41 Fla. Ran	D42 Ga. (reg) Ran	D43 Ga. (sp) Retired	D44 Ind. Ran	D45 Ky. (sp) Ran Ky. (reg) Retired	D46 La. Retired	D47 Md. Ran	D48 Mo. Ran
Majority →									D49 Nev. Ran
R39 Utah Ran	R40 Vt. Ran	R41 Wash. Ran	R42 Wisc. Ran	P1	D53 S.C. Ran	D52 Ore. Ran	D51 Okla. Ran	D50 N.C. Ran
R38 S.D. Ran	R37 Pa. Ran	R36 Ohio Retired	R35 N.D. Ran	R34 N.Y. Retired	R33 N.H. Ran	R32 Kan. Ran	R31 Iowa Ran	R30 Ill. Ran	R29 Idaho Ran
R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25	R26	R27 Calif. Retired	R28 Conn. Ran
R18	R17	R16	R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9
		R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8

Elections results

		D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8
D18	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9
D19	D20	D21	D22	D23	D24	D25	D26	D27	D28
D38 Ariz. Re-elected	D37 Ala. (sp) Hold Ala. (reg) Hold	D36	D35	D34	D33	D32	D31	D30	D29
D39 Ark. Re-elected	D40 Calif. Gain	D41 Colo. Re-elected	D42 Fla. Re-elected	D43 Ga. (reg) Re-elected	D44 Ga. (sp) Hold	D45 Ind. Re-elected	D46 Ky. (sp) Elected[lower-alpha 3] Ky. (reg) Hold	D47 La. Hold	D48 Md. Re-elected
Majority →									D49 Mo. Re-elected
R39 Wash. Re-elected	P1	D56 Wisc. Gain	D55 S.D. Gain	D54 S.C. Re-elected	D53 Ore. Re-elected	D52 Okla. Re-elected	D51 N.C. Re-elected	D50 Nev. Re-elected
R38 Vt. Re-elected	R37 Utah Re-elected	R36 Pa. Re-elected	R35 Ohio Hold	R34 N.D. Re-elected	R33 N.Y. Hold	R32 N.H. Re-elected	R31 Kan. Hold	R30 Iowa Re-elected	R29 Ill. Re-elected
R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25	R26	R27 Conn. Re-elected	R28 Idaho Re-elected
R18	R17	R16	R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9
		R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8

Beginning of the next Congress

		D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8
D18	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9
D19	D20	D21	D22	D23	D24	D25	D26	D27	D28
D38	D37	D36	D35	D34	D33	D32	D31	D30	D29
D39	D40	D41	D42	D43	D44	D45	D46	D47	D48
Majority →									D49
R39	R40 Gain[lower-alpha 4]	D56	D55	D54	D53	D52	D51	D50
R38	R37	R36	R35	R34	R33	R32	R31	R30	R29
R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25	R26	R27	R28
R18	R17	R16	R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9
		R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8

Key	D# Democratic P# Progressive R# Republican V# Vacant

Summary of races

Special elections during the 63rd Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated once elected and qualified; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Alabama (Class 3)	Vacant			Joseph F. Johnston (D) died August 8, 1913. New senator elected May 11, 1914. Democratic hold.	Y Francis S. White (Democratic) Unopposed
Georgia (Class 2)	William West	Democratic	1914 (Appointed)	Appointee retired. New senator elected November 3, 1914. Democratic hold.	Y Thomas W. Hardwick (Democratic) 68.96% G. R. Hutchins (Progressive) 31.04%[1]
Kentucky (Class 3)	Johnson N. Camden Jr.	Democratic	1914 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected November 3, 1914. Winner did not run for the next term, see below.	Y Johnson N. Camden Jr. (Democratic) 53.98% William Marshall Bullitt (Republican) 40.43%[2]

Races leading to the 64th Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1915; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Alabama	Francis S. White	Democratic	1914 (Special)	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic hold.	Y Oscar Underwood (Democratic) 90.2% Alex Birch (Republican) 6.8% Adolphus Longshore (Progressive) 2.35% S. F. Hinton (Socialist) 0.64%[3]
Arizona	Marcus A. Smith	Democratic	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Marcus A. Smith (Democratic) 53.23% Don Lorenzo Hubbell (Republican) 18.95% Eugene W. Chafin (Prohibition) 15.05% Bert Davis (Socialist) 7.39% J. Bernard Nelson (Progressive) 5.38%[4]
Arkansas	James Paul Clarke	Democratic	1903 1909	Incumbent re-elected.	Y James Paul Clarke (Democratic) 74.88% Harry H. Myers (Republican) 25.12%[5]
California	George Clement Perkins	Republican	1893 (Appointed) 1895 (Special) 1897 1903 1909	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	Y James D. Phelan (Democratic) 31.59% Francis J. Heney (Progressive) 28.81% Joseph R. Knowland (Republican) 28.69% Ernest Untermann (Socialist) 6.41% Frederick F. Wheeler (Prohibition) 4.51%[6]
Colorado	Charles S. Thomas	Democratic	1913 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Charles S. Thomas (Democratic) 40.3% Hubert Work (Republican) 38.99% Benjamin Griffith (Progressive) 10.69% J. C. Griffiths (Socialist) 5.51% George J. Kindel (Independent) 4.52%[7]
Connecticut	Frank B. Brandegee	Republican	1905 (Special) 1909	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Frank B. Brandegee (Republican) 49.77% Simeon Eben Baldwin (Democratic) 42.08% Herbert Smith (Progressive) 3.79% George Spiess (Socialist) 3.26% Frederick Platt (Prohibition) 0.75% Clarence Warner (Socialist Labor) 0.36%[8]
Florida	Duncan U. Fletcher	Democratic	1909 (Appointed) 1909 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Duncan U. Fletcher (Democratic) Unopposed[9]
Georgia	M. Hoke Smith	Democratic	1911 (Special).	Incumbent re-elected.	Y M. Hoke Smith (Democratic) 68.48% C. W. McClure (Republican) 31.52%[10]
Idaho	James H. Brady	Republican	1913 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y James H. Brady (Republican) 43.89% James H. Hawley (Democratic) 38.14% Paul Clagstone (Progressive) 9.54% Calistus Cooper (Socialist) 7.29% W. M. Duthie (Prohibition) 1.14%[11]
Illinois	Lawrence Y. Sherman	Republican	1913 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Lawrence Sherman (Republican) 38.46% Roger Charles Sullivan (Democratic) 36.76% Raymond Robins (Progressive) 19.99% Adolph Gernies (Socialist) 3.93% George Woolsey (Prohibition) 0.66% John M. Francis (Socialist Labor) 0.21%[12]
Indiana	Benjamin F. Shively	Democratic	1909	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Benjamin F. Shively (Democratic) 42.14% Hugh T. Miller (Republican) 35.1% Albert J. Beveridge (Progressive) 16.81% Stephen N. Reynolds (Socialist) 3.36% Sumner Haynes (Prohibition) 2.15% James Matthews (Socialist Labor) 0.45%[13]
Iowa	Albert B. Cummins	Republican	1908 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Albert B. Cummins (Republican) 48.19% Maurice Connolly (Democratic) 39.16% Otis Spurgeon (Independent) 5.73% Casper Schenk (Progressive) 3.53% I. S. McCullis (Socialist) 1.98% M. L. Christian (Prohibition) 1.41%[14]
Kansas	Joseph L. Bristow	Republican	1909	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected.[15] Republican hold.	Y Charles Curtis (Republican) 35.53% George A. Neeley (Democratic) 34.77% Victor Murdock (Progressive) 22.94% Christian B. Hoffman (Socialist) 4.82% Earle Delay (Prohibition) 1.94%[16]
Kentucky	Johnson N. Camden Jr.	Democratic	1914 (Appointed) 1914 (Special)	Interim appointee retired. New senator elected. Democratic hold.	Y J. C. W. Beckham (Democratic) 51.89% Augustus E. Willson (Republican) 42.53% Burton Vance (Progressive) 4.15% H. J. Robertson (Socialist) 1.44%[17]
Louisiana	John Thornton	Democratic	1910 (Special)	Incumbent retired. New senator had already been elected early May 21, 1912. Democratic hold.	Y Robert F. Broussard (Democratic) Unopposed[18][19]
Maryland	John W. Smith	Democratic	1908 (Special) 1908	Incumbent re-elected.	Y John W. Smith (Democratic) 50.99% Edward C Carrington Jr. (Republican) 43.89% V. Milton Reichard (Progressive) 1.71% Charles Develin (Socialist) 1.51% Richard H. Holme (Prohibition) 1.46% Robert W. Stevens (Labor) 0.45%[20]
Missouri	William J. Stone	Democratic	1903 1909	Incumbent re-elected.	Y William J. Stone (Democratic) 50.41% Thomas J. Akins (Republican) 41.58% Arthur N. Sager (Progressive) 4.47% Thomas E. Greene (Socialist) 2.76% Orange J. Hill (Prohibition) 0.59% J. W. Molineaux (Socialist Labor) 0.2%[21]
Nevada	Francis G. Newlands	Democratic	1909	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Francis G. Newlands (Democratic) 37.46% Samuel Platt (Republican) 37.27% Ashley G. Miller (Socialist) 25.28%[22]
New Hampshire	Jacob Gallinger	Republican	1891 1897 1903 1909	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Jacob Gallinger (Republican) 51.66% Raymond Stevens (Democratic) 44.63% Benjamin F. Grier (Prohibition) 2.38% William H. Wilkins (Socialist) 1.34%[23]
New York	Elihu Root	Republican	1909	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold.	Y James Wadsworth (Republican) 47.04% James W. Gerard (Democratic) 42.06% Bainbridge Colby (Progressive) 4.56% Charles Edward Russell (Socialist) 4.07% Francis E. Baldwin (Prohibition) 2.05% Erwin Archer (Socialist Labor) 0.23%
North Carolina	Lee Slater Overman	Democratic	1903 1909	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Lee Slater Overman (Democratic) 58.1% A.A. Whitener (Republican) 41.7% Henry J. Oliver (Socialist) 0.2%[24]
North Dakota	Asle Gronna	Republican	1911 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Asle Gronna (Republican) 55.82% William E. Purcell (Democratic) 33.95% W. H. Brown (Socialist) 7.14% Sever Serumgard (Independent) 3.1%[25]
Ohio	Theodore E. Burton	Republican	1909	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold.	Y Warren G. Harding (Republican) 49.16% Timothy S. Hogan (Democratic) 39.6% Arthur Lovett Garford (Progressive) 6.31% E. K. Hitchens (Socialist) 4.93%[26]
Oklahoma	Thomas Gore	Democratic	1907 (New state) 1909	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Thomas Gore (Democratic) 47.98% John B. Campbell (Republican) 29.44% W. D. Cope (Socialist) 20.99% Luther Kyle (Prohibition) 1.59%[27]
Oregon	George Chamberlain	Democratic	1909	Incumbent re-elected.	Y George Chamberlain (Democratic) 45.5% R. A. Booth (Republican) 35.95% William Hanley (Progressive) 10.68% Benjamin Ramp (Socialist) 4.34% H. S. Stine (Prohibition) 3.52%[28]
Pennsylvania	Boies Penrose	Republican	1897 1903 1909	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Boies Penrose (Republican) 46.76% Gifford Pinchot (Progressive) 24.22% A. Mitchell Palmer (Democratic) 23.97% Frederick Whiteside (Socialist) 3.41% Madison Larkin (Prohibition) 1.58% A. S. Landis (Socialist Labor) 0.06%[29]
South Carolina	Ellison D. Smith	Democratic	1909	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Ellison D. Smith (Democratic) 99.7% James H. Roberts (Socialist) 0.3%
South Dakota	Coe I. Crawford	Republican	1909	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	Y Edwin S. Johnson (Democratic) 48.32% Charles H. Burke (Republican) 44.47% E. P. Johnson (Socialist) 2.69% O. W. Butterfield (Prohibition) 2.42% H. L. Loucks (Independent) 2.11%[30]
Utah	Reed Smoot	Republican	1903 1909	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Reed Smoot (Republican) 49.08% James Moyle (Democratic) 46.33% J. F. Parsons (Socialist) 4.59%[31]
Vermont	William P. Dillingham	Republican	1900 (Special) 1902 1908	Incumbent re-elected.	Y William P. Dillingham (Republican) 56.05% Charles A. Prouty (Democratic) 42.69% James H. Canfield (Socialist) 1.23%[32]
Washington	Wesley Livsey Jones	Republican	1909	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Wesley Livsey Jones (Republican) 37.79% William W. Black (Democratic) 26.57% Ole Hanson (Progressive) 24.12% Adam Barth (Socialist) 8.76% Arthur Caton (Prohibition) 2.77%[33]
Wisconsin	Isaac Stephenson	Republican	1907 (Special) 1909	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	Y Paul O. Husting (Democratic) 43.82% Francis E. McGovern (Republican) 43.5% Emil Seidel (Socialist) 9.67% Charles L. Hill (Prohibition) 3.01%[34]

Alabama

Senator Francis S. White

See also: List of United States senators from Alabama and 1914 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama

Democrat Joseph F. Johnston died August 8, 1913. Democrat Henry D. Clayton was appointed August 12, 1913, but his appointment was challenged and withdrawn. Democrat Franklin P. Glass was appointed November 17, 1913, but the Senate refused to seat him.[35]

Alabama (Special)

Democrat Francis S. White was elected May 11, 1914 to finish the current term that would end in 1915.

Alabama (Regular)

Democrat Francis S. White was then re-elected in November 1914 to the next term.

Arizona

Main article: 1914 United States Senate election in Arizona

See also: List of United States senators from Arizona and 1914 United States House of Representatives election in Arizona

Arkansas

See also: List of United States senators from Arkansas and 1914 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas

California

Main article: 1914 United States Senate election in California

See also: List of United States senators from California and 1914 United States House of Representatives elections in California

Colorado

See also: List of United States senators from Colorado and 1914 United States House of Representatives elections in Colorado

Connecticut

See also: List of United States senators from Connecticut and 1914 United States House of Representatives elections in Connecticut

Florida

See also: List of United States senators from Florida and 1914 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida

Georgia

Georgia's senators

Thomas W. Hardwick won the special election

M. Hoke Smith won the regular election

See also: List of United States senators from Georgia and 1914 United States House of Representatives elections in Georgia

There were two elections due to the February 14, 1914 death of Democrat Augustus Octavius Bacon.

Georgia (Special)

Democrat William West was appointed to continue the term pending a special election, in which he was not a candidate.

Democrat Thomas W. Hardwick was elected November 3, 1914 to finish the term that would end in 1919 and served until losing renomination in 1918.

Georgia (Regular)

Democrat M. Hoke Smith, who had first won in a 1911 special election, was re-elected and would serve until his 1920 renomination loss.

Idaho

See also: List of United States senators from Idaho and 1914 United States House of Representatives election in Idaho

Illinois

See also: List of United States senators from Illinois and 1914 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois

Indiana

See also: List of United States senators from Indiana and 1914 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana

Iowa

See also: List of United States senators from Iowa and 1914 United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa

Kansas

See also: List of United States senators from Kansas and 1914 United States House of Representatives elections in Kansas

Kentucky

Kentucky's class 3 senators

Johnson N. Camden won the special election

J. C. W. Beckham won the regular election

See also: List of United States senators from Kentucky and 1914 United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky

There were 2 elections to the same seat due to the May 23, 1914 death of one-term Republican William O. Bradley.

Kentucky (Special)

Democrat Johnson N. Camden was appointed June 16, 1914 to continue the term, pending a special election

Camden was elected in November to finish the term ending 1915.

Kentucky (Regular)

Democratic appointee Johnson N. Camden was not a candidate for the next term, instead returning to agricultural activities on a farm.

Democrat John C. W. Beckham was elected and would serve until losing re-election in 1920.

Louisiana

See also: List of United States senators from Louisiana and 1914 United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana

The senator had already been elected on 21 May 1912 indirectly by the state legislature.

Maryland

See also: List of United States senators from Maryland and 1914 United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland

Missouri

See also: List of United States senators from Missouri and 1914 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri

Nevada

See also: List of United States senators from Nevada and 1914 United States House of Representatives election in Nevada

New Hampshire

See also: List of United States senators from New Hampshire and 1914 United States House of Representatives elections in New Hampshire

New York

Main article: 1914 United States Senate election in New York

See also: List of United States senators from New York and 1914 United States House of Representatives elections in New York

North Carolina

See also: List of United States senators from North Carolina and 1914 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina

North Dakota

See also: List of United States senators from North Dakota and 1914 United States House of Representatives elections in North Dakota

Ohio

See also: List of United States senators from Ohio and 1914 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio

Oklahoma

See also: List of United States senators from Oklahoma and 1914 United States House of Representatives elections in Oklahoma

Oregon

See also: List of United States senators from Oregon and 1914 United States House of Representatives elections in Oregon

Pennsylvania

Main article: 1914 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania

See also: List of United States senators from Pennsylvania and 1914 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania

South Carolina

Main article: 1914 United States Senate election in South Carolina

See also: List of United States senators from South Carolina and 1914 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina

South Dakota

See also: List of United States senators from South Dakota and 1914 United States House of Representatives elections in South Dakota

Utah

See also: List of United States senators from Utah and 1914 United States House of Representatives elections in Utah

Vermont

Main article: 1914 United States Senate election in Vermont

See also: List of United States senators from Vermont and 1914 United States House of Representatives elections in Vermont

Washington

See also: List of United States senators from Washington and 1914 United States House of Representatives elections in Washington

Wisconsin

See also: List of United States senators from Wisconsin and 1914 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin

See also

• 1914 United States elections
  • 1914 United States House of Representatives elections
• 63rd United States Congress
• 64th United States Congress

Notes

1. as Democratic Conference Chairman
2. as Republican Conference Chairman
3. Appointee elected
4. Miles Poindexter of Washington changed from Progressive to Republican.

References

1. "GA US Senate - Special Election Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
2. "Container Detail Page". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
3. "AL Senate Race - Nov 08, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
4. "AZ US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
5. "AR US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
6. "CA US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
7. "CO US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
8. "CT US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
9. "FL US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
10. "GA US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
11. "ID US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
12. "IL US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
13. "IN US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
14. "IA US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
15. "BRISTOW, Joseph Little - Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. March 3, 1915. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
16. "KS US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
17. "KY US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
18. United States Senators Chosen, 1912, p. 457. sfn error: no target: CITEREFUnited_States_Senators_Chosen,_1912 (help)
19. "LA US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
20. "MD US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
21. "MO US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
22. "NV US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
23. "NH US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
24. "NC US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
25. "ND US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
26. "OH US Senate Race - Nov 08, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
27. "OK US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
28. "OR US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
29. "SD US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
30. "CRAWFORD, Coe Isaac - Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
31. "UT US Senate 2 Race - Nov 02, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
32. "VT US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
33. "WA US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
34. "WI US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1914". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
35. Byrd, p. 340.

Bibliography

• "Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present". United States Senate – via Senate.gov.
• Byrd, Robert C. (October 1, 1993). Wolff, Wendy (ed.). The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992. United States Senate Historical Office (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office – via Google Books.
• Cox, Harold (January 31, 2007). "Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006". The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project. Wilkes University.