1916 United States Senate elections

The United States Senate elections of 1916 were elections that coincided with the re-election of Democratic President Woodrow Wilson. Republicans gained a net pick-up of two seats from the Democrats.

1916 United States Senate elections
November 7, 1916[lower-alpha 1]
35 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate
49 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader John W. Kern[lower-alpha 2] Jacob H. Gallinger[lower-alpha 3]
Party Democratic Republican
Leader's seat Indiana New Hampshire
Seats before 56 40
Seats won 17 18
Seats after 54 42
Seat change 2 2
Seats up 19 16
Results of the elections:
     Democratic gain      Democratic hold
     Republican gain      Republican hold
     No election
Majority conference chairman before election

John W. Kern
Democratic

 Elected Majority conference chairman

Thomas S. Martin
Democratic

For related races, see 1916 United States elections.

Senate Party Division, 65th Congress (1917–1919)

Majority Party: Democratic (54 seats)

Minority Party: Republican (42 seats)

Other Parties: 0

Total Seats: 96

Gains and losses

Republicans picked up seven seats:

Democrats picked up five seats:

Change in composition

Before the elections
  D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8
D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9
D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28
D38
Ariz.
Ran		 D37 D36 D35 D34 D33 D32 D31 D30 D29
D39
Ark. (sp)
Died		 D40
Ind. (sp)
Ran		 D41
Fla.
Ran		 D42
Ind. (reg)
Ran		 D43
Maine (reg)
Ran		 D44
Md.
Ran		 D45
Miss.
Ran		 D46
Mo.
Ran		 D47
Mont.
Ran		 D48
Neb.
Ran
Majority → D49
Nev.
Ran
R39
Wis.
Ran		 R40
Wyo.
Ran		 D56
W.Va.
Ran		 D55
Va.
Ran		 D54
Texas
Ran		 D53
Tenn.
Ran		 D52
Ohio
Ran		 D51
N.Y.
Retired		 D50
N.J.
Ran
R38
Wash.
Ran		 R37
Vt.
Ran		 R36
Utah
Ran		 R35
R.I.
Ran		 R34
Pa.
Retired		 R33
N.D.
Ran		 R32
N.M.
Retired		 R31
Minn.
Ran		 R30
Mich.
Ran		 R29
Mass.
Ran
R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25
Calif.
Retired		 R26
Conn.
Ran		 R27
Del.
Ran		 R28
Maine (sp)
Died
R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8

Elections results
  D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8
D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9
D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28
D38
Ariz.
Re-elected		 D37 D36 D35 D34 D33 D32 D31 D30 D29
D39
Ark. (sp)
Hold		 D40
Del.
Gain		 D41
Fla.
Hold		 D42
Miss.
Re-elected		 D43
Mo.
Re-elected		 D44
Mont.
Re-elected		 D45
Neb.
Re-elected		 D46
Nev.
Re-elected		 D47
N.M.
Gain		 D48
Ohio
Re-elected
Majority → D49
R.I.
Gain
R39
Vt.
Re-elected		 R40
Wash.
Re-elected		 R41
W.Va.
Gain		 R42
Wis.
Re-elected		 D54
Wyo.
Gain		 D53
Va.
Re-elected		 D52
Utah
Gain		 D51
Texas
Re-elected		 D50
Tenn.
Hold
R38
Pa.
Hold		 R37
N.D.
Re-elected		 R36
N.Y.
Gain		 R35
N.J.
Gain		 R34
Minn.
Hold		 R33
Mich.
Re-elected		 R32
Mass.
Re-elected		 R31
Md.
Gain		 R30
Maine (sp)
Hold		 R29
Maine (reg)
Gain
R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25
Calif.
Hold		 R26
Conn.
Re-elected		 R27
Ind. (reg)
Gain		 R28
Ind. (sp)
Gain
R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8
Key
D# Democratic
R# Republican

Race summaries

Special elections during the 64th Congress

In these special elections, the winner was seated during 1916 or before March 4, 1917; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Maine
(Class 2)		 Edwin C. Burleigh Republican 1913 Incumbent died June 16, 1916.
A new senator elected September 11, 1916.
Republican hold.
Arkansas
(Class 3)		 James Paul Clarke Democratic 1903
1909
1914		 Incumbent died October 1, 1916.
New senator elected November 7, 1916.
Democratic hold.
Indiana
(Class 3)		 Thomas Taggart Democratic 1916 (Appointed) Interim appointee lost election to finish term.
New senator elected November 7, 1916.
Republican gain.

Elections leading to the 65th Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1917; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Arizona Henry F. Ashurst Democratic 1912 Incumbent re-elected.
California John D. Works Republican 1911 Incumbent retired.
New senator elected.
Republican hold.
Connecticut George P. McLean Republican 1911 Incumbent re-elected.
Delaware Henry A. du Pont Republican 1906 (Special)
1911		 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.
Florida Nathan P. Bryan Democratic 1911 (Appointed)
1911 (Special)		 Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Democratic hold.
  • Y Park Trammell (Democratic) 82.86%
  • William O'Neal (Republican) 12.45%
  • R. L. Goodwin (Socialist) 4.69%[8]
Indiana John W. Kern Democratic 1911 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
Maine Charles Fletcher Johnson Democratic 1910 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected September 11, 1916.
Republican gain.
Maryland Blair Lee I Democratic 1913 (Special) Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
Massachusetts Henry Cabot Lodge Republican 1893
1899
1905
1911		 Incumbent re-elected
Michigan Charles E. Townsend Republican 1910 Incumbent re-elected.[13]
  • Y Charles E. Townsend (Republican) 56.34%
  • Lawrence Price (Democratic) 39.85%
  • E. O. Foss (Socialist) 2.41%
  • John Y. Johnston (Prohibition) 1.17%
  • Herman Richter (Socialist Labor) 0.14%
Minnesota Moses E. Clapp Republican 1901 (Special)
1905
1911		 Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Republican hold.
Mississippi John Sharp Williams Democratic 1908 (Early) Incumbent re-elected.
Missouri James A. Reed Democratic 1910 Incumbent re-elected.
Montana Henry L. Myers Democratic 1911 Incumbent re-elected.
Nebraska Gilbert Hitchcock Democratic 1911 Incumbent re-elected.
Nevada Key Pittman Democratic 1913 (Special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Key Pittman (Democratic) 38.81%
  • Samuel Platt (Republican) 32.28%
  • Ashley G. Miller (Socialist) 28.91%[20]
New Jersey James Edgar Martine Democratic 1911 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
New Mexico Thomas B. Catron Republican 1912 Incumbent retired.
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.
  • Y Andrieus A. Jones (Democratic) 51.01%
  • Frank Hubbell (Republican) 45.95%
  • W. P. Metcalf (Socialist) 3.04%[22]
New York James Aloysius O'Gorman Democratic 1911 Incumbent retired.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
North Dakota Porter J. McCumber Republican 1911 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio Atlee Pomerene Democratic 1911 Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania George T. Oliver Republican 1909 (Special)
1911		 Incumbent retired.
New senator elected.
Republican hold.
  • Y Philander C. Knox (Republican) 56.31%
  • Ellis Orvis (Democratic) 37.25%
  • Charles Ervin (Socialist) 3.76%
  • Herbert T. Ames (Prohibition) 2.49%
  • Robert C. Macauley (Single Tax) 0.12%[25]
Rhode Island Henry F. Lippitt Republican 1910 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.
  • Y Peter G. Gerry (Democratic) 52.94%
  • Henry F. Lippitt (Republican) 44.12%
  • Frederick Hurst (Socialist) 2.25%
  • Frank J. Sibley (Prohibition) 0.51%
  • Peter McDermott (Socialist Labor) 0.19%[26]
Tennessee Luke Lea Democratic 1911 Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.[25]
Democratic hold.
Texas Charles Allen Culberson Democratic 1899
1905
1911		 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Charles Allen Culberson (Democratic) 81.3%
  • Alex Atcheson (Republican) 13.09%
  • F. A. Hickey (Socialist) 4.99%
  • F. H. Combeau (Prohibition) 0.62%[27]
Utah George Sutherland Republican 1905
1911		 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.
Vermont Carroll S. Page Republican 1908 (Special)
1910		 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Carroll S. Page (Republican) 74.41%
  • Oscar C. Miller (Democratic) 23.5%
  • Norman Greenslet (Socialist) 2.1%[29]
Virginia Claude A. Swanson Democratic 1910 (Appointed)
1911 (Appointed)
1912 (Special)		 Incumbent re-elected.
Washington Miles Poindexter Republican 1910 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Miles Poindexter (Republican) 55.39%
  • George Turner (Democratic) 37.06%
  • Bruce Rogers (Socialist) 5.95%
  • Joseph Campbell (Prohibition) 1.21%
  • Walter J. Thompson (Progressive) 0.4%[31]
West Virginia William E. Chilton Democratic 1911 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
Wisconsin Robert M. La Follette, Sr. Republican 1905
1911		 Incumbent re-elected.
Wyoming Clarence D. Clark Republican 1911 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.

Arizona
See also: List of United States senators from Arizona and 1916 United States House of Representatives election in Arizona

Arkansas (Special)
Senator William F. Kirby
See also: List of United States senators from Arkansas and 1916 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas

Three-term Democratic Senate President pro tempore James Paul Clarke died October 1, 1916.

Democrat William F. Kirby was elected November 7, 1916 to finish the term. He served only the rest of this term, losing renomination in 1920.

California
See also: List of United States senators from California and 1916 United States House of Representatives elections in California

Connecticut
See also: List of United States senators from Connecticut and 1916 United States House of Representatives elections in Connecticut

Delaware
See also: List of United States senators from Delaware and 1916 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware

Florida
See also: List of United States senators from Florida and 1916 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida

Indiana
Indiana senators
James Eli Watson, winner of the class 3 special election
Harry Stewart New, winner of the class 1 regular election

There were two elections held November 7, 1916 due to a vacancy.

Indiana (Special)

Two-term Democrat Benjamin F. Shively was re-elected in 1914 but died March 14, 1916. Democrat Thomas Taggart was appointed March 20, 1916 to continue the term until a November 7, 1916 special election. Taggart lost the special election to Republican James Eli Watson.

Watson would finish out the term, be re-elected twice, and serve until his 1932 re-election loss.

Indiana (Regular)

One-term Democrat John W. Kern was elected in 1911. He lost re-election to Republican Harry Stewart New.

New served only until losing renomination in 1922.

Maine
Maine senators
Bert M. Fernald, winner of the class 2 special election
Frederick Hale, winner of the class 1 regular election

There were two elections due to a vacancy. Both elections were held September 11, 1916, as Maine routinely held its annual elections in September at the time.

Maine (Special)

One-term Republican Edwin C. Burleigh was elected in 1913, and died June 16, 1916. Republican Bert M. Fernald was elected September 12, 1916 to finish the term.

Fernand would later be re-elected twice and serve until his 1926 death.

Maine (Regular)

One-term Democrat Charles Fletcher Johnson was elected in 1911. He lost re-election to Republican Frederick Hale.

Hale would later be re-elected three times and serve until his 1935 retirement.

Maryland
See also: List of United States senators from Maryland and 1916 United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland

Massachusetts
See also: List of United States senators from Massachusetts and 1916 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts

Michigan
See also: List of United States senators from Michigan and 1916 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan

Minnesota
See also: List of United States senators from Minnesota and 1916 United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota

Mississippi
See also: List of United States senators from Mississippi and 1916 United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi

Missouri
See also: List of United States senators from Missouri and 1916 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri

Montana
See also: List of United States senators from Montana and 1916 United States House of Representatives election in Montana

Nebraska
See also: List of United States senators from Nebraska and 1916 United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska

Nevada
See also: List of United States senators from Nevada and 1916 United States House of Representatives election in Nevada

New Jersey
See also: List of United States senators from New Jersey and 1916 United States Senate election in New Jersey

New Mexico
See also: List of United States senators from New Mexico and 1916 United States Senate election in New Mexico

New York
See also: List of United States senators from New York and 1916 United States Senate election in New York

North Dakota
See also: List of United States senators from North Dakota and 1916 United States Senate election in North Dakota

Ohio
See also: List of United States senators from Ohio and 1916 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio

Pennsylvania
See also: List of United States senators from Pennsylvania and 1916 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania

Rhode Island
See also: List of United States senators from Rhode Island and 1916 United States Senate election in Rhode Island

Tennessee
See also: List of United States senators from Tennessee and 1916 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee

Texas
See also: List of United States senators from Texas and 1916 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas

Utah
See also: List of United States senators from Utah and 1916 United States House of Representatives elections in Utah

Vermont
See also: List of United States senators from Vermont and 1916 United States House of Representatives elections in Vermont

Virginia
See also: List of United States senators from Virginia and 1916 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia

Washington
See also: List of United States senators from Washington and 1916 United States House of Representatives elections in Washington

West Virginia
See also: List of United States senators from West Virginia and 1916 United States Senate election in West Virginia

Wisconsin
See also: List of United States senators from Wisconsin and 1916 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin

Wyoming
See also: List of United States senators from Wyoming and 1916 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming
gollark: Take SIM cards. Why are they still discrete hardware devices, *running Java*?
gollark: To be honest the phone network and everything associated with it seems terribly designed.
gollark: And there probably will be, since they can hardly vet all of them thoroughly: there are probably a lot of VoIP providers.
gollark: But they *can*, if some provider comes along which is willing to verify a call with a faked number.
gollark: I mean that it seems to require trusting the provider of the other end, i.e. the one the robocaller is subscribed to.

See also

Notes
  1. September 11, 1916 in Maine
  2. as Democratic Conference Chairman
  3. as Republican Conference Chairman

References
  1. "ME US Senate - Special Election Race - September 11, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  2. "AR US Senate Special Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  3. "IN US Senate - Special Election Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  4. "AZ US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  5. "CA US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  6. "CT US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  7. "DE US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  8. "FL US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  9. "IN US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  10. "ME US Senate Race - September 11, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  11. "MD US Senate - D Primary Race - May 1, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  12. "MD US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  13. "MA US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  14. "MN US Senate - R Primary Race - June 19, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  15. "MN US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  16. "MS US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  17. "MO US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  18. "MT US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  19. "NE US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  20. "NV US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  21. "NJ US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  22. "NM US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  23. "ND US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  24. "OH US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  25. "PA US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  26. "RI US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  27. "TX US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  28. "UT US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  29. "VT US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  30. "VA US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  31. "WA US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  32. "WV US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  33. "WI US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  34. "WY US Senate Race - November 7, 1916". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
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