Atlantic City, New Jersey

Atlantic City is a resort city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States, known for its casinos, boardwalk, and beaches. In 2010, the city had a population of 39,558.[12][13][14][23][24] It was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township.[25] It borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City, Egg Harbor Township, and the Atlantic Ocean.

"Atlantic City" redirects here. For other uses, see Atlantic City (disambiguation).

Atlantic City, New Jersey
City
City of Atlantic City
Atlantic City skyline from 47th floor of the Ocean Casino Resort
Flag
Seal
Logo
Nickname(s): 
Monopoly City[1]
"The World's Famous Playground"[2]
Motto(s): 
Consilio et Prudentia (Latin)
"By Counsel and Wisdom"[3]
Location within Atlantic County
Atlantic City
Location within New Jersey
Atlantic City
Location within the United States
Coordinates: 39.377297°N 74.451082°W / 39.377297; -74.451082[4][5]
Country United States
State New Jersey
CountyAtlantic
IncorporatedMay 1, 1854
Government
 • TypeFaulkner Act (Mayor-Council)
 • BodyCity Council
 • MayorMarty Small Sr. (D, December 31, 2020; appointed to serve an unexpired term)[7]
 • City Council
 • AdministratorStephanie Bush-Baskette[9]
 • Municipal clerkPaula Geletei[10]
Area
 • City17.21 sq mi (44.59 km2)
 • Land10.76 sq mi (27.87 km2)
 • Water6.45 sq mi (16.72 km2)  37.50%
Area rank165th of 565 in state
8th of 23 in county[4]
Elevation7 ft (2 m)
Population
 • City39,558
 • Estimate 
(2019)[15]
37,743
 • Rank55th of 566 in state
2nd of 23 in county[16]
 • Density3,507.71/sq mi (1,354.30/km2)
 • Density rank171st of 566 in state
3rd of 23 in county[16]
 • Metro
275,549
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (Eastern (EDT))
ZIP Codes
08401–08406[17][18]
Area code(s)609[19]
FIPS code3400102080[4][20][21]
GNIS feature ID0885142[22]
Websitecityofatlanticcity.org

Atlantic City inspired the U.S. version of the board game Monopoly, especially the street names. Since 1921, Atlantic City has been the home of the Miss America pageant. In 1976, New Jersey voters legalized casino gambling in Atlantic City. The first casino opened two years later.

History
A High Tide at Atlantic City by William Trost Richards is housed in the Brooklyn Museum.
Atlantic City, 1877

Early days

Because of its location in South Jersey, hugging the Atlantic Ocean between marshlands and islands, Atlantic City was viewed by developers as prime real estate and a potential resort town. In 1853, the first commercial hotel, the Belloe House, was built at the intersection of Massachusetts and Atlantic Avenues.[26] The city was incorporated in 1854, the same year train service began on the Camden and Atlantic Railroad.[27] Built on the edge of the bay, this served as the direct link of this remote parcel of land with Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. That same year, construction of the Absecon Lighthouse, designed by George Meade of the Corps of Topographical Engineers, was approved, with work initiated the next year.[28] By 1874, almost 500,000 passengers a year were coming to Atlantic City by rail. In Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times, and Corruption of Atlantic City, "Atlantic City's Godfather"[29] Nelson Johnson describes the inspiration of Dr. Jonathan Pitney (the "Father of Atlantic City"[30]) to develop Atlantic City as a health resort, his efforts to convince the municipal authorities that a railroad to the beach would be beneficial, his successful alliance with Samuel Richards (entrepreneur and member of the most influential family in southern New Jersey at the time) to achieve that goal, the actual building of the railroad, and the experience of the first 600 riders, who "were chosen carefully by Samuel Richards and Jonathan Pitney":[31]

After arriving in Atlantic City, a second train brought the visitors to the door of the resort's first public lodging, the United States Hotel. The hotel was owned by the railroad. It was a sprawling, four-story structure built to house 2,000 guests. It opened while it was still under construction, with only one wing standing, and even that wasn't completed. By year's end, when it was fully constructed, the United States Hotel was not only the first hotel in Atlantic City but also the largest in the nation. Its rooms totaled more than 600, and its grounds covered some 14 acres.

The first boardwalk was built in 1870 along a portion of the beach in an effort to help hotel owners keep sand out of their lobbies. Businesses were restricted and the boardwalk was removed each year at the end of the peak season.[32] Because of its effectiveness and popularity, the boardwalk was expanded in length and width, and modified several times in subsequent years. The historic length of the boardwalk, before the destructive 1944 Great Atlantic Hurricane, was about 7 miles (11 km) and it extended from Atlantic City to Longport, through Ventnor and Margate.[33]

The first road connecting the city to the mainland at Pleasantville was completed in 1870 and charged a 30-cent toll. Albany Avenue was the first road to the mainland available without a toll.[34]

By 1878, because of the growing popularity of the city, one railroad line could no longer keep up with demand. Soon, the Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway was also constructed to transport tourists to Atlantic City. At this point massive hotels like The United States and Surf House, as well as smaller rooming houses, had sprung up all over town. The United States Hotel took up a full city block between Atlantic, Pacific, Delaware, and Maryland Avenues. These hotels were not only impressive in size, but featured the most updated amenities, and were considered quite luxurious for their time.

Boom period
Haddon Hall Hotel depicted on a postcard

In the early part of the 20th century, Atlantic City went through a radical building boom. Many of the modest boarding houses that dotted the boardwalk were replaced with large hotels. Two of the city's most distinctive hotels were the Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel and the Traymore Hotel.

In 1903, Josiah White III bought a parcel of land near Ohio Avenue and the boardwalk and built the Queen Anne style Marlborough House. The hotel was a success and, in 1905–06, he chose to expand the hotel and bought another parcel of land adjacent to his Marlborough House. In an effort to make his new hotel a source of conversation, White hired the architectural firm of Price and McLanahan. The firm made use of reinforced concrete, a new building material invented by Jean-Louis Lambot in 1848 (Joseph Monier received the patent in 1867). The hotel's Spanish and Moorish themes, capped off with its signature dome and chimneys, represented a step forward from other hotels that had a classically designed influence. White named the new hotel the Blenheim and merged the two hotels into the Marlborough-Blenheim. Bally's Atlantic City was later constructed at this location.

Atlantic City Boardwalk crowd in front of Blenheim hotel, 1911 (retouched)

The Traymore Hotel was located at the corner of Illinois Avenue and the boardwalk. Begun in 1879 as a small boarding house, the hotel grew through a series of uncoordinated expansions. By 1914, the hotel's owner, Daniel White, taking a hint from the Marlborough-Blenheim, commissioned the firm of Price and McLanahan to build an even bigger hotel. Rising 16 stories, the tan brick and gold-capped hotel would become one of the city's best-known landmarks. The hotel made use of ocean-facing hotel rooms by jutting its wings farther from the main portion of the hotel along Pacific Avenue.

One by one, additional large hotels were constructed along the boardwalk, including the Brighton, Chelsea, Shelburne, Ambassador, Ritz Carlton, Mayflower, Madison House, and the Breakers. The Quaker-owned Chalfonte House, opened in 1868, and Haddon House, opened in 1869, flanked North Carolina Avenue at the beach end. Over the years, their original wood-frame structures would be enlarged, and even moved closer to the beach. The modern Chalfonte Hotel, eight stories tall, opened in 1904. The modern Haddon Hall was built in stages and was completed in 1929, at eleven stories. By this time, they were under the same ownership and merged into the Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel, becoming the city's largest hotel with nearly 1,000 rooms. By 1930, the Claridge, the city's last large hotel before the casinos, opened its doors. The 400-room Claridge was built by a partnership that included renowned Philadelphia contractor John McShain. At 24 stories, it would become known as the "Skyscraper by the Sea." The city became known as "The World's Playground".[35][36]

In 1883, salt water taffy was conceived in Atlantic City by David Bradley. The traditional story is that Bradley's shop was flooded after a major storm, soaking his taffy with salty Atlantic Ocean water. He sold some "salt water taffy" to a girl, who proudly walked down to the beach to show her friends. Bradley's mother was in the back of the store when the sale was made, and loved the name, and so salt water taffy was born.[37][38]

Prohibition era

The 1920s, with tourism at its peak, are considered by many historians as Atlantic City's golden age. During Prohibition, which was enacted nationally in 1919 and lasted until 1933, much liquor was consumed and gambling regularly took place in the back rooms of nightclubs and restaurants. It was during Prohibition that racketeer and political boss Enoch L. "Nucky" Johnson rose to power. Prohibition was largely unenforced in Atlantic City, and, because alcohol that had been smuggled into the city with the acquiescence of local officials could be readily obtained at restaurants and other establishments, the resort's popularity grew further.[39] The city then dubbed itself as "The World's Playground". Nucky Johnson's income, which reached as much as $500,000 annually, came from the kickbacks he took on illegal liquor, gambling and prostitution operating in the city, as well as from kickbacks on construction projects.[40]

During this time, Atlantic City was led by mayor Edward L. Bader, known for his contributions to the construction, athletics and aviation of Atlantic City.[41] Despite opposition, he had Atlantic City purchase the land that became the city's municipal airport and high school football stadium, both of which were later named Bader Field in his honor.[42] He led the initiative, in 1923, to construct the Atlantic City High School at Albany and Atlantic Avenues.[41] Bader, in November 1923, initiated a public referendum, during the general election, at which time residents approved the construction of a Convention Center. The city passed an ordinance approving a bond issue for $1.5 million to be used for the purchase of land for Convention Hall, now known as the Boardwalk Hall, finalized September 30, 1924.[43] Bader was also a driving force behind the creation of the Miss America competition.[44]

In May 1929, Johnson hosted a conference for organized crime figures from all across America that created a National Crime Syndicate. The men who called this meeting were Masseria family lieutenant Charles "Lucky" Luciano and former Chicago South Side Gang boss Johnny "the Fox" Torrio, with heads of the Bugs and Meyer Mob, Meyer Lansky and Benjamin Siegel, being used as muscle for the meeting.[45] Gangster and businessman Al Capone attended the conference and was photographed walking along the Atlantic City boardwalk with Johnson.[46]

Nightclub era

The 1930s through the 1960s were a heyday for nightclub entertainment. Popular venues on the white-populated south side included the 500 Club, the Clicquot Club, and the Jockey Club. On the north side, home to African Americans in the racially segregated city, a black entertainment district reigned on Kentucky Avenue. Four major nightclubs – Club Harlem, the Paradise Club, Grace's Little Belmont, and Wonder Gardens – drew both black and white patrons. During the summer tourist season, jazz and R&B music could be heard into the wee hours of the morning. Soul food restaurants and ribs joints also lined Kentucky Avenue, including Wash's Restaurant,[47] Jerry's and Sap's.[48]

Decline and resurgence
The Tropicana from the boardwalk

Like many older east coast cities after World War II, Atlantic City became plagued with poverty, crime, corruption, and general economic decline in the mid-to-late 20th century. The neighborhood known as the "Inlet" became particularly impoverished. The reasons for the resort's decline were multi-layered. First, the automobile became more readily available to many Americans after the war. Atlantic City had initially relied upon visitors coming by train and staying for a couple of weeks. The car allowed them to come and go as they pleased, and many people would spend only a few days, rather than weeks. The advent of suburbia also played a significant role. With many families moving to their own private houses, luxuries such as home air conditioning and swimming pools diminished their interest in flocking to the luxury beach resorts during the hot summer. Finally, the rise of relatively cheap jet airline service allowed visitors to travel to year-round resort cities such as Miami Beach and the Bahamas.[49]

View of Trump Taj Mahal and Chairman Tower from the Boardwalk

The city hosted the 1964 Democratic National Convention which nominated Lyndon Johnson for president and Hubert Humphrey as vice president. The convention and the press coverage it generated, however, cast a harsh light on Atlantic City, which by then was in the midst of a long period of economic decline. Many felt that the friendship between Johnson and Governor of New Jersey Richard J. Hughes led Atlantic City to host the Democratic Convention.[50]

By the late 1960s, many of the resort's once great hotels were suffering from high vacancy rates. Most of them were either shut down, converted to cheap apartments, or converted to nursing home facilities by the end of the decade. Prior to and during the advent of legalized gambling, many of these hotels were demolished. The Breakers, The Chelsea, the Brighton, the Shelburne, the Mayflower, the Traymore and the Marlborough-Blenheim were demolished in the 1970s and 1980s. Of the many pre-casino resorts that bordered the boardwalk, only the Claridge, the Dennis, the Ritz-Carlton, and the Haddon Hall survive to this day as parts of Bally's Atlantic City, a condo complex, and Resorts Atlantic City. The old Ambassador Hotel was purchased by Ramada in 1978 and was gutted to become the Tropicana Casino and Resort Atlantic City, only reusing the steelwork of the original building.[51] Smaller hotels off the boardwalk, such as the Madison also survived.

The Borgata is Atlantic City's highest grossing casino.

Legalized gambling
Main article: Gambling in New Jersey

In an effort at revitalizing the city, New Jersey voters in 1976 passed a referendum, approving casino gambling for Atlantic City; this came after a 1974 referendum on legalized gambling failed to pass. Immediately after the legislation passed, the owners of the Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel began converting it into the Resorts International. It was the first legal casino in the eastern United States when it opened on May 26, 1978.[52] Other casinos were soon constructed along the Boardwalk and, later, in the marina district for a total of eleven today. The introduction of gambling did not, however, quickly eliminate many of the urban problems that plagued Atlantic City. Many people have suggested that it only served to exacerbate those problems, as attested to by the stark contrast between tourism intensive areas and the adjacent impoverished working-class neighborhoods.[53] In addition, Atlantic City has been less popular than Las Vegas as a gambling city in the United States.[54] Donald Trump helped bring big name boxing bouts to the city to attract customers to his casinos. The boxer Mike Tyson had most of his fights in Atlantic City in the 1980s, which helped Atlantic City achieve nationwide attention as a gambling resort.[55] Numerous highrise condominiums were built for use as permanent residences or second homes.[56] By end of the decade it was one of the most popular tourist destinations in the United States.[57]

Sports betting in Atlantic City

On June 27, 2017, the Supreme Court agreed to hear Christie v. National Collegiate Athletic Association and heard oral arguments in December 2017. Then, on May 14, 2018, the Supreme Court ruled that the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (PASPA) was unconstitutional. The act was overturned, allowing New Jersey to move ahead with plans to implement legalized sports betting.

Despite being the state to initiate the landmark ruling, New Jersey was actually the third state to legalize sports betting following Nevada and Delaware. Gov. Phil Murphy signed the legislation into law on June 11, 2018, prompting several casino brands to launch sportsbooks, particularly in Atlantic City.

Modern-day challenges
Night time view of Atlantic City

With the redevelopment of the Las Vegas Strip and the opening of Foxwoods Resort Casino and Mohegan Sun in Connecticut in the early 1990s, along with newly built casinos in the nearby Philadelphia metro area in the 2000s, Atlantic City's tourism began to decline due to its failure to diversify away from gaming. Determined to expand, in 1999 the Atlantic City Redevelopment Authority partnered with Las Vegas casino mogul Steve Wynn to develop a new roadway to a barren section of the city near the Marina. Nicknamed "The Tunnel Project", Steve Wynn planned the proposed 'Mirage Atlantic City' around the idea that he would connect the $330 million tunnel stretching 2.5 miles (4.0 km) from the Atlantic City Expressway to his new resort. The roadway was later officially named the Atlantic City-Brigantine Connector, and funnels incoming traffic off of the expressway into the city's marina district and the city of Brigantine.[58]

Although Wynn's plans for development in the city were scrapped in 2002, the tunnel opened in 2001. The new roadway prompted Boyd Gaming in partnership with MGM/Mirage to build Atlantic City's newest casino. The Borgata opened in July 2003, and its success brought an influx of developers to Atlantic City with plans for building grand Las Vegas style mega casinos to revitalize the aging city.[59]

Owing to economic conditions and the late 2000s recession, many of the proposed mega casinos never went further than the initial planning stages. One of these developers was Pinnacle Entertainment, who purchased the Sands Atlantic City for $250-$270 million, closed it on November 11, 2006, with plans to replace it with a larger casino.[60][61] The following year, the resort was demolished in a dramatic, Las Vegas styled implosion, the first of its kind in Atlantic City. While Pinnacle Entertainment intended to replace it with a $1.5–2 billion casino resort, the company canceled its construction plans and sold the land for $29.5 million.[61] MGM Resorts International announced in October 2007 that it would pull out of all development for Atlantic City, effectively ending their plans for the MGM Grand Atlantic City.[62][63]

In 2006, Morgan Stanley purchased 20 acres (8.1 ha) directly north of the Showboat Atlantic City Hotel and Casino for a new $2 billion plus casino resort.[64] Revel Entertainment Group was named as the project's developer for the Revel Casino. Revel was hindered with many problems, the biggest setback occurring in April 2010 when Morgan Stanley, the owner of 90% of Revel Entertainment Group, decided to discontinue funding for continued construction and put its stake in Revel up for sale. Early in 2010 the New Jersey state legislature passed a bill offering tax incentives to attract new investors and complete the job, but a poll by Fairleigh Dickinson University's PublicMind released in March 2010 showed that 60% of voters opposed the legislation, and two of three of those who opposed it "strongly" opposed it.[65][66] Ultimately, Governor Chris Christie offered Revel $261 million in state tax credits to assist the casino once it opened.[67] As of March 2011, Revel had completed all of the exterior work and had continued work on the interior after finally receiving the funding necessary to complete construction. It had a soft opening in April 2012, and was fully open by May 2012. Ten months later, in February 2013, after serious losses and a write-down in the value of the resort from $2.4 billion to $450 million, Revel filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. It was restructured but still could not carry on and re-entered bankruptcy on June 19, 2014. It was put up for sale, however as no suitable bids were received the resort closed its doors on September 2, 2014. The property was bought by AC Ocean Walk, LLC for $200 million in 2017, and reopened in 2018.[68][69]

In the wake of the closures and declining revenue from casinos, Governor Christie said in September 2014 that the state would consider a 2015 referendum to end the 40-year-old monopoly that Atlantic City holds on casino gambling and allowing gambling in other municipalities. With casino revenue declining from $5.2 billion in 2006 to $2.9 billion in 2013, the state saw a drop in money from its 8% tax on those earnings, which is used to fund programs for senior citizens and the disabled.[70]

"Superstorm Sandy" struck Atlantic City on October 29, 2012, causing flooding and power-outages but left minimal damage to any of the tourist areas including the Boardwalk and casino resorts, despite widespread belief that the city's boardwalk had been destroyed. The source of the misinformation was a widely circulated photograph of a damaged section of the Boardwalk that was slated for repairs, prior to the storm, and incorrect news reports at the time of the disaster.[71] The storm produced an all-time record low barometric pressure reading of 943 mb (27.85") for not only Atlantic City, but the state of New Jersey.[72]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, Atlantic City had a total area of 17.21 square miles (44.59 km2), including 10.76 square miles (27.87 km2) of land and 6.45 square miles (16.72 km2) of water (37.50%).[4][5]

The city is located on 8.1-mile-long (13.0 km) Absecon Island, along with Ventnor City, Margate City and Longport to the southwest.[73]

Atlantic City borders the Atlantic County municipalities of Absecon, Brigantine, Egg Harbor Township, Galloway Township, Pleasantville and Ventnor City.[74][75][76]

The city is located 60 miles (97 km) southeast of Philadelphia and 125 miles (201 km) south of New York City.

Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the city include Chelsea, City Island, Great Island and Venice Park.[77]

Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Atlantic City, New Jersey has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) with warm, moderately humid summers, cool winters and year-around precipitation. Cfa climates are characterized by all months having an average mean temperature > 32 °F (> 0 °C), at least four months with an average mean temperature ≥ 50 °F (≥ 10 °C), at least one month with an average mean temperature ≥ 72 °F (≥ 22 °C) and no significant precipitation difference between seasons. During the summer months in Atlantic City, a cooling afternoon sea breeze is present on most days, but episodes of extreme heat and humidity can occur with heat index values ≥ 95 °F (≥ 35 °C). During the winter months, episodes of extreme cold and wind can occur with wind chill values < 0 °F (< -18 °C). The plant hardiness zone at Atlantic City Beach is 7b with an average annual extreme minimum air temperature of 9 °F (-13 °C).[78] The average seasonal (November–April) snowfall total is 12 to 18 inches (300 to 460 mm), and the average snowiest month is February which corresponds with the annual peak in nor'easter activity.

Climate data for Atlantic City, NJ Ocean Water Temperature
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Daily mean °F (°C) 37
(3)		 35
(2)		 42
(6)		 48
(9)		 56
(13)		 63
(17)		 70
(21)		 73
(23)		 70
(21)		 61
(16)		 53
(12)		 44
(7)		 54
(12)
Source: NOAA[82]

Ecology

According to the A. W. Kuchler U.S. potential natural vegetation types, Atlantic City would have a dominant vegetation type of Northern Cordgrass (73) with a dominant vegetation form of Coastal Prairie (20).[84]

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
1860687—
18701,04351.8%
18805,477425.1%
189013,055138.4%
190027,838113.2%
191046,15065.8%
192050,7079.9%
193066,19830.6%
194064,094−3.2%
195061,657−3.8%
196059,544−3.4%
197047,859−19.6%
198040,199−16.0%
199037,986−5.5%
200040,5176.7%
201039,558−2.4%
Est. 201937,743[15][85][86]−4.6%
Population sources:
1860–2000[87] 1860–1920[88]
1870[89][90] 1880–1890[91]
1890–1910[92] 1860–1930[93]
1930–1990[94] 2000[95][96] 2010[12][13][14]

2010 Census

The 2010 United States Census counted 39,558 people, 15,504 households, and 8,558.208 families in the city. The population density was 3,680.8 per square mile (1,421.2/km2). There were 20,013 housing units at an average density of 1,862.2 per square mile (719.0/km2). The racial makeup was 26.65% (10,543) White, 38.29% (15,148) Black or African American, 0.61% (242) Native American, 15.55% (6,153) Asian, 0.05% (18) Pacific Islander, 14.03% (5,549) from other races, and 4.82% (1,905) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 30.45% (12,044) of the population.[12]

Of the 15,504 households, 27.3% had children under the age of 18; 25.9% were married couples living together; 22.2% had a female householder with no husband present and 44.8% were non-families. Of all households, 37.5% were made up of individuals and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.34.[12]

24.6% of the population were under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 25.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.3 years. For every 100 females, the population had 96.2 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 94.4 males.[12]

The Census Bureau's 2006–10 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $30,237 (with a margin of error of +/- $2,354) and the median family income was $35,488 (+/- $2,607). Males had a median income of $32,207 (+/- $1,641) versus $29,298 (+/- $1,380) for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,069 (+/- $2,532). About 23.1% of families and 25.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.6% of those under age 18 and 16.8% of those age 65 or over.[97]

2000 Census

As of the 2000 United States Census[20] there were 40,517 people, 15,848 households, and 8,700 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,569.8 people per square mile (1,378.3/km2). There were 20,219 housing units at an average density of 1,781.4 per square mile (687.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 44.16% black or African American, 26.68% White, 0.48% Native American, 10.40% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 13.76% other races, and 4.47% from two or more races. 24.95% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 19.44% of the population was non-Hispanic whites.[95][96]

There were 15,848 households out of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 24.8% were married couples living together, 23.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.1% were non-families. 37.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.26.[95][96]

In the city the age distribution of the population shows 25.7% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.2 males.[95][96]

The median income for a household in the city was $26,969, and the median income for a family was $31,997. Males had a median income of $25,471 versus $23,863 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,402. About 19.1% of families and 23.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.1% of those under age 18 and 18.9% of those age 65 or over.[95][96]

Economy

As of September 2014, the greater Atlantic City area had one of the highest unemployment rates in the country at 13.8%, out of labor force of around 141,000.[98]

Tourism district

In July 2010, Governor Chris Christie announced that a state takeover of the city and local government "was imminent". Comparing regulations in Atlantic City to an "antique car", Atlantic City regulatory reform is a key piece of Governor Chris Christie's plan, unveiled on July 22, to reinvigorate an industry mired in a four-year slump in revenue and hammered by fresh competition from casinos in the surrounding states of Delaware, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, and more recently, Maryland. In January 2011, Chris Christie announced the creation of the Atlantic City Tourism District, a state-run district encompassing the boardwalk casinos, the marina casinos, the Atlantic City Outlets, and Bader Field.[99][100] Fairleigh Dickinson University's PublicMind poll surveyed New Jersey voters' attitudes on the takeover. February 16, 2011 survey showed that 43% opposed the measure while 29% favored direct state oversight.[101] The poll also found that even South Jersey voters expressed opposition to the plan; 40% reported they opposed the measure and 37% reported they were in favor of it.[101]

On April 29, 2011, the boundaries for the state-run tourism district were set. The district would include heavier police presence, as well as beautification and infrastructure improvements. The CRDA would oversee all functions of the district and make changes to attract new businesses and attractions. New construction will be ambitious and may resort to eminent domain.[102][103]

The tourism district would comprise several key areas in the city; the Marina District, Ducktown, Chelsea, South Inlet, Bader Field, and Gardner's Basin. Also included are 10 roadways that lead into the district, including several in the city's northern end, or North Beach. Gardner's Basin, which is home to the Atlantic City Aquarium, was initially left out of the tourism district, while a residential neighborhood in the Chelsea section was removed from the final boundaries, owing to complaints from the city. Also, the inclusion of Bader Field in the district was controversial and received much scrutiny from mayor Lorenzo Langford, who cast the lone "no" vote on the creation of the district citing its inclusion.[104]

Casinos and gambling

In 1974, New Jersey voters voted 60%–40% against legalizing casino gambling at four sites statewide, but two years later approved by 56%–44% a new referendum which legalized casinos, but restricted them to Atlantic City.[105][106][107] Resorts Atlantic City was the first casino to open, in May 1978, with a ribbon-cutting ceremony featuring Governor of New Jersey Brendan Byrne.[108] Atlantic City is considered the "Gambling Capital of the East Coast", and currently has nine large casinos. In 2011, New Jersey's then 12 casinos employed approximately 33,000 employees, had 28.5 million visitors, made $3.3 billion in gaming revenue, and paid $278 million in taxes.[109] They are regulated by the New Jersey Casino Control Commission[110] and the New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement.[111]

In the wake of the United States' economic downturn and the legalization of gambling in adjacent and nearby states (including Delaware, Maryland, New York, and Pennsylvania), four casino closures took place in 2014: the Atlantic Club on January 13; the Showboat on August 31;[112] the Revel, which was Atlantic City's second-newest casino, on September 2;[113] and Trump Plaza, which originally opened in 1984, and was the poorest performing casino in the city, on September 16.[114]

Executives at Trump Entertainment Resorts, whose sole remaining property at the time was the Trump Taj Mahal, said in 2013 that they were considering the option of selling the Taj and winding down and exiting the gaming and hotel business.[115] Trump Taj Mahal closed October 10, 2016 after failing to come to terms with union workers.[116]

Caesars Entertainment executives have been reconsidering the future of their three remaining Atlantic City properties (Bally's, Caesars and Harrah's), in the wake of a Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing by the company's casino operating unit in January 2015.[117]

Current casinos
Casino Opening date Theme Hotel rooms[118] Section of city Total Gaming Space Slot Payback Information
ResortsMay 28, 1978Roaring Twenties942Uptown100,000 sq ft 90.78%
CaesarsJune 26, 1979Roman Empire1,141Midtown145,000 sq ft 91.03%
Bally'saDecember 29, 1979Modern1,214Midtown225,756 sq ft 90.76%
Harrah'sNovember 27, 1980Marina Waterfront2,587Marina160,000 sq ft 91.79%
TropicanaNovember 26, 1981Old Havana2,364Downbeach125,935 sq ft 90.35%
Golden NuggetJune 19, 1985Gold Rush Era717Marina74,252 sq ft 90.57%
BorgataJuly 2, 2003Tuscany2,767Marina161,000 sq ft 91.66%
Hard RockJune 27, 2018Rock and roll1,971Uptown167,000 sq ft 91.41%
OceanJune 27, 2018Ocean1,399Uptown130,000 sq ft 90.49%
Total15,1021,144,943 sq ft
a Bally's Atlantic City includes The Wild Wild West Casino, which opened on July 2, 1997 and has an American Old West theme.
Yearly, the New Jersey Casino Control Commission provides the average slot payback information for their fiscal year, July 1, 2018 through June 30, 2019. These percentages will be updated yearly through the American Casino Guide Book.[119]

Renamed casinos
Casino New Name
ACH Casino ResortAtlantic Club Casino Hotel
Atlantic City Hilton (Original)Trump Castle
Atlantic City HiltonACH Casino Resort
Bally's GrandThe Grand
Bally's Park PlaceBally's Atlantic City
Brighton CasinoSands Atlantic City
Del Webb's ClaridgeClaridge
Golden Nugget (Original)Bally's Grand
Park PlaceBally's Park Place
Harrah's at Trump PlazaTrump Plaza
Playboy Hotel & CasinoPermanent casino license denied; renamed Atlantis Casino
The GrandThe Atlantic City Hilton
Trump's CastleTrump Marina
Trump MarinaGolden Nugget
Revel Atlantic CityOcean Resort Casino
Trump Taj MahalHard Rock Atlantic City

Closed casinos
Casino Opening Date Closing Date Status of Property
Trump Taj MahalApril 2, 1990October 10, 2016The casino shut down having failed to reach a deal with its union workers to restore health care and pension benefits that were taken away from them in bankruptcy court. Nearly 3,000 workers lost their jobs. Reopened in 2018 as the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino Atlantic City.
Trump PlazaMay 14, 1984September 16, 2014On February 15, 2013, Trump Entertainment Resorts announced that it intended to sell Trump Plaza to the Meruelo Group for $20 million, the lowest price ever paid for an Atlantic City casino.[120] Carl Icahn, senior lender for Trump Plaza's mortgage, declined to approve the sale for the proposed price.[121]
RevelApril 2, 2012September 2, 2014Brookfield Asset Management's winning bid of $110 million on September 30, 2014, for Atlantic City's Revel Casino Hotel, and the company's intention to operate it as a casino, generated some excitement, but the company backed out of this deal on November 19, 2014.[122] In January 2018, it was announced that the property had been sold for $200 million.[123] It reopened as the Ocean Resort Casino in June 2018.
ShowboatApril 2, 1987August 31, 2014On December 13, 2014, Stockton University purchased the property for $18 million with the intent of turning it into an Atlantic City campus. However, a preexisting covenant required the property to operate as a casino. Stockton entered an agreement providing Glenn Straub with an option to purchase the property, which was not exercised.[124] Stockton subsequently sold the property to developer Bart Blatstein in January 2016 for $23 million.[125] The building was reopened in July 2016 as a non-casino hotel.
Atlantic ClubDecember 12, 1980January 13, 2014Building and contents sold to Caesars Entertainment Corporation. Slots and tables sold to Tropicana Casino & Resort Atlantic City.
Trump Marina June 19, 1985 May 23, 2011 Building sold to Landry's, Inc. in February 2011, sale approved in May and Landry's took control on May 23 of that year and renamed it the Golden Nugget Atlantic City.
SandsAugust 31, 1980November 11, 2006Building demolished in 2007. The site is now an empty lot after a proposal estimated at up to $2 billion by Pinnacle Entertainment for a casino on the site did not move forward.[126]
ClaridgeJuly 20, 1981December 30, 2002Now operating as an independent non-casino hotel.
Trump World's FairMay 15, 1996October 3, 1999Building was demolished and replaced by new strip stores.[127]
Atlantis CasinoApril 14, 1981July 4, 1989Originally opened by Playboy Enterprises, which was found unsuitable for licensure, Playboy casino closed and then reopened by Elsinor Corporation as the Atlantis. In 1989 the Casino Control Commission revoked Atlantis' license and property sold to become Trump World's Fair an extension of the Trump Plaza.

Cancelled casinos
Casino Status of Property
CamelotCancelled; currently an empty lot
Dunes Atlantic CityNever completed; now an empty lot
Hilton (Original)Casino license denied; current site of Golden Nugget Atlantic City
Le JardinCancelled; currently Borgata
Margaritaville Marina CasinoCancelled; current site of Golden Nugget Atlantic City
Mirage Atlantic CityCancelled; currently Borgata
MGM Grand Atlantic CityCancelled; currently an empty lot
Penthouse CasinoNever built; current site of Trump Plaza
Resorts Taj MahalCancelled; current site of Taj Mahal
Sahara Atlantic CityCancelled; now a parking lot

Boardwalk
Atlantic City Boardwalk, an entertainment venue
Boardwalk from beach, 1936. Edward M. Eggleston painting.
Looking down on boardwalk, beach and distant pier at night, 1935.
The Atlantic City boardwalk

The Atlantic City Boardwalk opened on June 26, 1870,[128] a temporary structure erected for the summer season that was the first boardwalk in the United States.[129][130]

The Boardwalk starts at Absecon Inlet in the north and runs along the beach south-west to the city limit 4 miles (6.4 km) away then continues 1 1⁄2 miles (2.4 km) into Ventnor City. Casino/hotels front the boardwalk, as well as retail stores, restaurants, and amusements. Notable attractions include the Boardwalk Hall, House of Blues, and the Ripley's Believe It or Not! museum.

In October 2012, Hurricane Sandy destroyed the northern part of the boardwalk fronting Absecon Inlet, in the residential section called South Inlet. The oceanfront boardwalk in front of the Atlantic City casinos survived the storm with minimal damage.[131][132]

The Boardwalk has been home to several piers over the years. The first pier, Ocean Pier, was built in 1882.[133] It eventually fell into disrepair and was demolished. Another famous pier built during that time was Steel Pier, opened in 1898, which once billed itself as "The Showplace of the Nation". It now operates as an amusement pier across from the Hard Rock. Captain John Lake Young opened "Young's Million Dollar Pier" as an arcade hall in 1903, and on the seaward side "erected a marble mansion", fronted by a formal garden, with lighting and landscaping designed by Young's longtime friend Thomas Alva Edison. Young's Million Dollar Pier, Atlantic City's largest amusement pier during its time",[31] was transformed into a shopping mall in the 1980s, known as "Shops on Ocean One". In 2006, the Ocean One mall was bought, renovated and re-branded as "The Pier Shops at Caesars" and in 2015, it was renamed "Playground Pier." Garden Pier, located opposite Revel Atlantic City, once housed a movie theater, and is now home to the Atlantic City Historical Museum.[134][135]

Two other piers, an amusement pier named Steeplechase Pier and a Heinz 57-owned pier named Heinz Pier were destroyed in the 1944 Great Atlantic Hurricane.[136] Steeplechase was rebuilt after the hurricane, and survived into the casino era. The "Steeplechase Pier Heliport" on Steel Pier is named in its honor.[137] The last of the four piers still standing is Schiff's Central Pier, which is the only one still offering the same attractions it did when it opened – a few stores, and the playcade, having reopened in 1990 after an $8 million renovation.[138]

Panoramic view of Playground Pier

Shopping
The Quarter at Tropicana

Atlantic City has many different shopping districts and malls, many of which are located inside or adjacent to the casino resorts. Several smaller themed retail and dining areas in casino hotels include the Borgata Shops and The Shoppes at Water Club inside the Borgata, the Waterfront Shops inside of Harrah's, Spice Road inside the Trump Taj Mahal, while Resorts Casino Hotel has a small collection of stores and restaurants. Major shopping malls are also located in and around Atlantic City.

In Atlantic City, shops include:

  • Playground Pier, an underwater-themed indoor high end shopping center located on the Million Dollar Pier formerly known as "Shops on Ocean One". The four-story shopping mall contains themed floors.
  • Tanger Outlets The Walk, an outdoor outlet shopping center spanning several blocks. The only outlet mall in Atlantic County, The Walk opened in 2003 and is undergoing an expansion.
  • The Quarter at Tropicana, an old Havana-themed indoor shopping center at the Tropicana, which contains over 40 stores, restaurants, and nightclubs.

Exhibition
The Atlantic City Convention Center

Boardwalk Hall, formally known as the "Historic Atlantic City Convention Hall", is an arena in Atlantic City along the boardwalk. Boardwalk Hall was Atlantic City's primary convention center until the opening of the Atlantic City Convention Center in 1997. The Atlantic City Convention Center includes 500,000 sq ft (46,000 m2) of showroom space, 5 exhibit halls, 45 meeting rooms with 109,000 sq ft (10,100 m2) of space, a garage with 1,400 parking spaces, and an adjacent Sheraton hotel. Both the Boardwalk Hall and Convention Center are operated by the Atlantic City Convention & Visitors Authority.

Arts and culture

Monopoly

Atlantic City (sometimes referred to as "Monopoly City"[1]) has become well-known over the years for its portrayal in the U.S. version of the popular board game, Monopoly, in which properties on the board are named after locations in and near Atlantic City. While the original incarnation of the game did not feature Atlantic City, it was in Indianapolis that Ruth Hoskins learned the game, and took it back to Atlantic City.[139] After she arrived, Hoskins made a new board with Atlantic City street names, and taught it to a group of friends, who ultimately passed in on to Charles Darrow, who made some modifications to the game and claimed it as his own invention.[140]

Marvin Gardens, the leading yellow property on the board, is actually a misspelling of the original location name, "Marven Gardens". The misspelling was said to have been introduced by Charles Todd and passed on when his home-made Monopoly board was copied by Charles Darrow and thence Parker Brothers. It was not until 1995 that Parker Brothers acknowledged this mistake and formally apologized to the residents of Marven Gardens for the misspelling, although the spelling error was not corrected.[141]

Some of the actual locations that correspond to board elements have changed since the game's release. Illinois Avenue was renamed Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. in the 1980s. St. Charles Place no longer exists, as the Showboat Casino Hotel was developed where it once ran.[142]

The "Short Line" is believed to refer to the Shore Fast Line, a streetcar line that served Atlantic City.[143] The B&O Railroad did not serve Atlantic City. A booklet included with the reprinted 1935 edition states that the four railroads that served Atlantic City in the mid-1930s were the Jersey Central, the Seashore Lines, the Reading Railroad, and the Pennsylvania Railroad.

The actual "Electric Company" and "Water Works" serving the city are the Atlantic City Electric Company and the Atlantic City Municipal Utilities Authority, respectively.

Attractions
Lucy the Elephant in nearby Margate City

Ever since Atlantic City's growth as a resort town, numerous attractions and tourist traps have originated in the city. A popular fixture in the early 20th century at the Steel Pier was horse diving, which was introduced by William "Doc" Carver.[144] The Steel Pier featured several other novelty attractions, including the Diving Bell, human high-divers and a water circus.[145][146] Advertisements for the Steel Pier in its heyday featured plaster sculptures set upon wooden bases along roads leading up to Atlantic City.[147] By the end of World War II, many animal demonstrations declined in popularity after criticisms of animal abuse and neglect.

Rolling chairs, which were introduced in 1876 and in continuous use since 1887, have been a boardwalk fixture to this day. While powered carts appeared in the 1960s, the original and most common were made of wicker. The wicker canopied chairs-on-wheels are manually pushed the length of the boardwalk by attendants, much like a Rickshaw.[148]

The Absecon Lighthouse is a coastal lighthouse located in the South Inlet section of Atlantic City overlooking Absecon Inlet.[149] It is the tallest lighthouse in the state of New Jersey and is the third tallest masonry lighthouse in the United States. Construction began in 1854, with the light first lit on January 15, 1857.[28] The lighthouse was deactivated in 1933 and although the light still shines every night, it is no longer an active navigational aid.[150] Gardner's Basin, which is home to the Atlantic City Aquarium as well as small shops and restaurants, is located a short distance north of Absecon Light.[151]

Since 2003, Atlantic City has hosted Thunder over the Boardwalk, an annual airshow over the boardwalk. The yearly event, a joint venture between the New Jersey Air National Guard's 177th Fighter Wing along with several casinos, attracts over 750,000 visitors each year.[152]

While located 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Atlantic City in Margate City, Lucy the Elephant has become almost an icon for the Atlantic City area. Lucy is a six-story elephant-shaped example of novelty architecture, constructed of wood and tin sheeting in 1882 by James V. Lafferty in an effort to sell real estate and attract tourism. Over the years, Lucy had served as a restaurant, business office, cottage, and tavern (the last closed by Prohibition). Lucy had fallen into disrepair by the 1960s and was scheduled for demolition. The structure was moved and refurbished as a result of a "Save Lucy" campaign in 1970 and received designation as a National Historic Landmark in 1976, and is open as a museum.[153]

Miss America pageant

Atlantic City is the home of the Miss America competition, however it was moved to Las Vegas for seven years before returning. The Miss America competition originated on September 7, 1921, as a two-day beauty contest, and it included state contestants as well as women from various cities around the country. The event that year was called the "Atlantic City Pageant", and the winner of the grand prize, Margaret Gorman, took home the 3-foot Golden Mermaid trophy. Gorman was not called "Miss America" until 1922, when she re-entered the pageant and lost to Mary Campbell.[154] The pageant was initiated to extend the tourist season after the Labor Day weekend.[44] The pageant has been nationally televised since 1954. It peaked in the early 1960s, when it was repeatedly the highest-rated program on American television. It was seen as a symbol of the United States, with Miss America often being referred to as the female equivalent of the President. The pageant's longtime emcee, Bert Parks, hosted the event from 1955 to 1979. At the Atlantic City Convention Center, there is a 400-pound (180 kg) interactive statue of Parks holding a crown. When a visitor puts their head inside the crown, sensors activate a recorded playback of his "There She Is..." line through speakers hidden behind nearby bushes.[155]

An LGBT event known as the "Miss'd America Pageant" is held annually. Originally started in 1994 as a fundraiser for local LGBT charities, the event features drag queens on the runway in a similar manner to the Miss America pageant.[156][157]

Boardwalk Empire

Since 2010, Boardwalk Empire, an American television series from cable network HBO set in Atlantic City during the Prohibition era, has cast a new light on the city. Starring Steve Buscemi, the show was adapted from a chapter about historical criminal kingpin Enoch "Nucky" Johnson (who is renamed "Enoch Thompson" in the show) in Nelson Johnson's book, Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times, and Corruption of Atlantic City. The series was filmed in New York City at various locations that captured Atlantic City's period architecture and on a set built to resemble the Atlantic City boardwalk in the 1920s.[158]

Around the same time of the September 2010 premiere of the show, the Press of Atlantic City created Boss of the Boardwalk, a 45-minute documentary which premiered on August 21, 2010, on NBC TV-40 and aired six additional times in the following weeks.[159]

After the premiere of Boardwalk Empire, interest in Roaring Twenties-era Atlantic City has grown. In October 2010, a plan was revealed to renovate the ailing Resorts Casino Hotel into a Roaring Twenties theme. The re-branding was proposed by current owner Dennis Gomes, and was initiated in December 2010 when he took over the casino. The changes accentuate the resort's existing art deco design, as well as presenting new 20s-era uniforms for employees and music from the time period. The casino also introduced drinks and shows reminiscent of the period.[160] The actual building where he lived, The Ritz-Carlton, offer tours.[161]

In 2011, Academy Bus began a trolley tour called "Nucky's Way", a tour bus service that features actors portraying Nucky, as well as other characters, as it loops around the city. Nucky's Way is the second trolley tour to capitalize off of Boardwalk Empire, after The Great American Trolley company started a weekly tour of Atlantic City with a Roaring Twenties theme in early June 2011.[162]

On August 1, 2011, a façade modeled after the set of Boardwalk Empire was unveiled on the boardwalk in front of an empty lot at the former site of the Trump World's Fair resort. The façade of storefronts, which consists of vinyl tacked onto three large sections of plywood, was the brainchild of longtime area radio host Pinky Kravitz, who was also a columnist for The Press of Atlantic City and host of WMGM-TV Presents Pinky on NBC40.[163]

Beach concerts

In 2014, it was announced that Atlantic City would host two major beach concerts. The two headliners were Blake Shelton, which took place on July 31, 2015, and Lady Antebellum, which took place on August 3, 2014. On June 22, 2015, it was announced that Maroon 5 with special guest Nick Jonas and Matt McAndrew would headline on August 16, 2015. A few weeks later, it was announced that Rascal Flatts would play the second major beach concert of the summer season on August 20, 2015, with special guest Ashley Monroe. This concert would be part of their Riot Tour. Both concerts charged admission.[164]

Sports
Club Sport League Venue Year(s)
Atlantic City Blackjacks Arena football AFL Boardwalk Hall 2019[165][166]
Atlantic City FC Soccer NPSL Stockton University 2018–present[167]
Atlantic City Diablos Soccer NPSL St. Augustine College Preparatory School 2007–2008[168]
Atlantic City Boardwalk Bullies Ice Hockey ECHL Boardwalk Hall 2001–2005[169]
Atlantic City CardSharks Indoor football NIFL Boardwalk Hall 2004[170]
Atlantic City Surf Baseball Can-Am League Bernie Robbins Stadium 1998–2008[171]
Atlantic City Seagulls Basketball USBL Atlantic City High School 1996–2001[170]

On November 16, 2006, Hal Handel, CEO of Greenwood Racing, announced that the Atlantic City Race Course in Hamilton Township would increase live racing dates from four days per year, to up to 20 days per year.

The ShopRite LPGA Classic is an LPGA Tour women's golf tournament held near Atlantic City since it started in 1986.[172]

Professional boxing

Since February 2, 1887, the city of Atlantic City has seen 2,538 (as of September 2018) professional boxing fight programs,[173] the first one being one with a main event fight between Willie Clark, 3-0-3, and debuting Horace Leeds, won by Clark on points over four rounds.[174] During the 1980s, professional boxing activity boomed in Atlantic City, at times rivaling Las Vegas, Nevada in staging major boxing fights. Fighters who fought in Atlantic City at that era include Marvelous Marvin Hagler, Thomas Hearns, Wilfredo Gomez, Jeff Chandler, Larry Holmes, George Foreman, Mike Tyson and others. Fights included The Brawl For it All, Tyson versus Holmes, Tyson versus Michael Spinks, and Roberto Durán versus Iran Barkley.

Many boxing matches were held at Donald Trump's Trump Plaza, promoted either by Bob Arum or Don King.

Parks and recreation

Atlantic City is one of five municipalities in the state—and the only one outside of Cape May County—that offer free public access to oceanfront beaches monitored by lifeguards, joining Wildwood, North Wildwood, Wildwood Crest and Upper Township's Strathmere section.[175]

Government

Local government
Atlantic City
Crime rates* (2007)
Violent crimes
Homicide15.1
Rape70.4
Robbery1,146.3
Aggravated assault930.1
Total violent crime2,161.9
Property crimes
Burglary1,370.0
Larceny-theft5,422.2
Motor vehicle theft502.8
Arson40.2
Total property crime7,335.2
Notes

*Number of reported crimes per 100,000 population.


Source: 2007 FBI UCR Data
Further information: Mayors of Atlantic City, New Jersey

Atlantic City is governed within the Faulkner Act (formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law) under the Mayor-Council system of municipal government (Plan D), implemented by direct petition effective as of July 1, 1982.[6][176] The city is one of 71 municipalities (of the 565) statewide governed under this form.[177] The City Council is the governing body of Atlantic City. The council is comprised of nine members, who are elected to serve for a term of four years, one from each of six wards and three serving at-large. The City Council exercises the legislative power of the municipality for the purpose of holding Council meetings to introduce ordinances and resolutions to regulate City government. In addition, Council members review budgets submitted by the Mayor; provide for an annual audit of the city's accounts and financial transactions; organize standing committees and hold public hearings to address important issues which impact Atlantic City.[178] Former Mayor Bob Levy created the Atlantic City Ethics Board in 2007, but the Board was dissolved two years later by vote of the Atlantic City Council.

As of 2020, the Acting Mayor is Marty Small Sr.,[179] who succeeded Frank M. Gilliam Jr. following his resignation on October 3, 2019.[180] Small will serve as mayor for an unexpired term ending on December 31, 2020.[181] Members of the City Council are Council President George Tibbitt (D, 2021; At-Large), Council Vice President Moisse "Mo" Delgado (D, 2021; At-Large), LaToya Dunston (D, 2023; Second Ward – appointed to serve an unexpired term), Jeffree Fauntleroy II (D, 2021; At-Large), Jesse O. Kurtz (Republican Party, 2023; 6th Ward), MD Hossain Morshed (D, 2023; 4th Ward), Aaron "Sporty" Randolph (D, 2023; 1st Ward), Kaleem Shabazz (D, 2023; 3rd Ward) and Muhammad "Anjum" Zia (D, 2023; 5th Ward).[8][182][183][184][185]

In May 2020, voters rejected by a 3-1 margin a referendum that would have changed the city to a council-manager form of government which would have reduced the size of the city council and shifted responsibility for day-to-day operation from an elected mayor to an appointed city manager.[186]

In December 2019, LaToya Dunston was selected from a list of three candidates nominated by the Democratic municipal committee to serve the remainder of the term of the Second Ward seat that had been held by Marty Small until he stepped down when he was appointed as mayor.[187] In January 2020, Dunston was appointed to fill the Second Ward seat expiring in December 2023 that Small had won in November 2019 but declined to fill; Dunston will serve on an interim basis until the November 2020 general election, when voters will select a candidate to serve the balance of the term of office.[188]

Mayoral disappearance and resignation

Following questions about false claims he had made about his military record, Mayor Bob Levy left City Hall in September 2007 in a city-owned vehicle for an unknown destination. After a 13-day absence, his lawyer revealed that Levy was in Carrier Clinic, a rehabilitation hospital.[189] Levy resigned in October 2007 and then-Council President William Marsh assumed the office of Mayor[190] and served six weeks until an interim mayor was named.

Federal, state and county representation

Atlantic City is located in the 2nd Congressional district[191] and is part of New Jersey's 2nd state legislative district.[13][192][193]

For the 116th United States Congress, New Jersey's Second Congressional District is represented by Jeff Van Drew (R, Dennis Township).[194] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2021)[195] and Bob Menendez (Paramus, term ends 2025).[196][197]

For the 2018–2019 session (Senate, General Assembly), the 2nd Legislative District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Chris A. Brown (R, Ventnor City) and in the General Assembly by Vince Mazzeo (D, Northfield) and John Armato (D, Buena Vista Township).[198][199]

Atlantic County is governed by a directly elected county executive and a nine-member Board of Chosen Freeholders, responsible for legislation. The executive serves a four-year term and the freeholders are elected to staggered three-year terms, of which four are elected from the county on an at-large basis and five of the freeholders represent equally populated districts.[200][201] As of 2018, Atlantic County's Executive is Republican Dennis Levinson, whose term of office ends December 31, 2019.[202] Members of the Board of Chosen Freeholders are Chairman Frank D. Formica, Freeholder At-Large (R, 2018, Margate City)[203] Vice Chairwoman Maureen Kern, Freeholder District 2, including Atlantic City (part), Egg Harbor Township (part), Linwood, Longport, Margate City, Northfield, Somers Point and Ventnor City (R, 2018, Somers Point),[204] Ashley R. Bennett, Freeholder District 3, including Egg Harbor Township (part) and Hamilton Township (part) (D, 2020, Egg Harbor Township),[205] James A. Bertino, Freeholder District 5, including Buena, Buena Vista Township, Corbin City, Egg Harbor City, Estell Manor, Folsom, Hamilton Township (part), Hammonton, Mullica Township and Weymouth Township (R, 2018, Hammonton),[206] Ernest D. Coursey, Freeholder District 1, including Atlantic City (part), Egg Harbor Township (part) and Pleasantville (D, 2019, Atlantic City),[207] Richard R. Dase, Freeholder District 4, including Absecon, Brigantine, Galloway Township and Port Republic (R, 2019, Galloway Township),[208] Caren L. Fitzpatrick, Freeholder At-Large (D, 2020, Linwood),[209] Amy L. Gatto, Freeholder At-Large (R, 2019, Mays Landing in Hamilton Township)[210] and John W. Risley, Freeholder At-Large (R, 2020, Egg Harbor Township)[211][200][212] Atlantic County's constitutional officers are County Clerk Edward P. McGettigan (D, 2021; Linwood),[213] [214] Sheriff Eric Scheffler (D, 2021, Northfield)[215][216] and Surrogate James Curcio (R, 2020, Hammonton).[217][218][219]

Politics

As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 20,001 registered voters in Atlantic City, of which 12,063 (60.3% vs. 30.5% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 1,542 (7.7% vs. 25.2%) were registered as Republicans and 6,392 (32.0% vs. 44.3%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 4 voters registered to other parties.[220] Among the city's 2010 Census population, 50.6% (vs. 58.8% in Atlantic County) were registered to vote, including 67.0% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 76.6% countywide).[220][221]

In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 9,948 votes (86.6% vs. 57.9% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 1,548 votes (13.5% vs. 41.1%) and other candidates with 49 votes (0.4% vs. 0.9%), among the 11,489 ballots cast by the city's 21,477 registered voters, for a turnout of 53.5% (vs. 65.8% in Atlantic County).[222][223] In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 10,975 votes (82.1% vs. 56.5% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 2,175 votes (16.3% vs. 41.6%) and other candidates with 82 votes (0.6% vs. 1.1%), among the 13,370 ballots cast by the city's 26,030 registered voters, for a turnout of 51.4% (vs. 68.1% in Atlantic County).[224] In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 8,487 votes (74.5% vs. 52.0% countywide), ahead of Republican George W. Bush with 2,687 votes (23.6% vs. 46.2%) and other candidates with 96 votes (0.8% vs. 0.8%), among the 11,389 ballots cast by the city's 23,310 registered voters, for a turnout of 48.9% (vs. 69.8% in the whole county).[225]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 4,293 ballots cast (52.6% vs. 34.9% countywide), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 2,897 votes (35.5% vs. 60.0%) and other candidates with 63 votes (0.8% vs. 1.3%), among the 8,155 ballots cast by the city's 23,049 registered voters, yielding a 35.4% turnout (vs. 41.5% in the county).[226][227] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 4,988 ballots cast (69.9% vs. 44.5% countywide), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 1,578 votes (22.1% vs. 47.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 157 votes (2.2% vs. 4.8%) and other candidates with 99 votes (1.4% vs. 1.2%), among the 7,141 ballots cast by the city's 22,585 registered voters, yielding a 31.6% turnout (vs. 44.9% in the county).[228]

City and state agencies

New Jersey Casino Control Commission
Main article: New Jersey Casino Control Commission

The New Jersey Casino Control Commission is a New Jersey state governmental agency that was founded in 1977 as the state's Gaming Control Board, responsible for administering the Casino Control Act and its regulations to assure public trust and confidence in the credibility and integrity of the casino industry and casino operations in Atlantic City. Casinos operate under licenses granted by the commission. The commission is headquartered in the Arcade Building at Tennessee Avenue and Boardwalk in Atlantic City.[229]

New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement
Main article: New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement

The New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement is a division of the New Jersey Department of Law and Public Safety and is responsible for certifying casino gaming revenue, registering casino employees and non-gaming vendors, licensing gaming vendors, and handling all casino patron complaints.[111]

Casino Reinvestment Development Authority
Main article: Casino Reinvestment Development Authority

The CRDA was founded in 1984 and is responsible for directing the spending of casino reinvestment funds in public and private projects to benefit Atlantic City and other areas of the state. From 1985 through April 2008, CRDA spent US$1.5 billion on projects in Atlantic City and US$300 million throughout New Jersey.[230]

Atlantic City Convention and Visitors Authority

The Convention & Visitors Authority (ACCVA) was in charge of advertising and marketing for the city as well as promoting economic growth through convention and leisure tourism development. The ACCVA managed the Boardwalk Hall and Atlantic City Convention Center, as well as the Boardwalk Welcome Center inside Boardwalk Hall and a welcome center on the Atlantic City Expressway. In 2011, the ACCVA was absorbed into the CRDA as part of the state takeover that created the tourism district.[231]

Atlantic City Special Improvement District

The Atlantic City Special Improvement District (SID) was a nonprofit organization created in 1992, funded by a special assessment tax on businesses within the improvement district. It carried out various activities to improve the city's business community, including street cleaning and promotional efforts. In 2011, the SID was absorbed by the CRDA; the former SID boundaries would be expanded to the include all areas in the newly formed tourism district. Under the new structure, established by state legislation, the CRDA assumed responsibility for the staff, equipment and programs of the SID. The new SID division includes a SID committee made up of CRDA board members and an advisory council consisting of the current trustees and others.[232]

Fire department
Atlantic City Fire Department (ACFD)
Operational area
CountryUnited States
StateNew Jersey
CityAtlantic City
Agency overview
EstablishedApril 4, 1904[233]
StaffingCareer
Fire chiefScott Evans[234]
EMS levelBLS First Responder
IAFF198
Facilities and equipment
Divisions1
Battalions1
Stations6
Engines7
Trucks3
Rescues1
HAZMAT1
USAR1
Fireboats2
Light and air1
Website
acfdlocal198.com

The Atlantic City Fire Department (ACFD) provides fire protection and first responder emergency medical services to the city. The ACFD operates out of six fire stations, located throughout the city in one battalion, under the command of a Battalion Chief, who in-turn reports to an on-duty Deputy Chief, or Tour Commander each shift.[233][235][236]

Fire station locations
  • Headquarters;
    2715 Atlantic Ave
  • Station 1; Atlantic Ave & Maryland Ave. Engine 1, Tower Ladder 1, Battalion Chief 1, Haz-Mat 1
  • Station 2; Baltic Ave & North Indiana Ave. Engine 2, Rescue 1, Collapse Rescue Unit, Fire Boats 1&2
  • Station 3; North Indiana Ave & Grant Ave. Engine 3, Ladder 3 (Tiller)
  • Station 4; Atlantic Ave & South Carolina Ave. Engine 4, Ladder 2 (Tiller), Deputy Chief 1
  • Station 5; Bader Field. Engine 5, Air Cascade Unit 1
  • Station 6; Atlantic Ave & South Annapolis Ave. Engine 6, Engine 7

Police department
Main article: Atlantic City Police Department

The city is protected by the Atlantic City Police Department, which handles 150,000 calls per year. The Chief of Police is Henry White.[237]

Education

The Atlantic City School District serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grades.[238] As of the 2017–18 school year, the district, comprised of 11 schools, had an enrollment of 7,157 students and 614.9 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.6:1.[239] Schools in the district (with 2017–18 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[240]) are Venice Park School[241] (75 students in PreK), Brighton Avenue School[242] (346 students; in grades PreK-5), Chelsea Heights School[243] (367; PreK-8), Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. School Complex[244] (599; PreK-8), New York Avenue School[245] (605; PreK-8), Pennsylvania Avenue School[246] (559; PreK-8), Richmond Avenue School[247] (715; PreK-8), Sovereign Avenue School[248] (736; PreK-8), Texas Avenue School[249] (560; K-8), Uptown School Complex[250] (572; PreK-8) and Atlantic City High School[251] (1,882; 9-12).[252][253] Pennsylvania Avenue School opened for the 2012–13 school year, with most students shifting from New Jersey Avenue School, which had been one of the district's oldest and most rundown schools.[254]

Students from Brigantine, Longport, Margate City and Ventnor City attend Atlantic City High School as part of sending/receiving relationships with the respective school districts.[255][256]

City public school students are also eligible to attend the Atlantic County Institute of Technology in the Mays Landing section of Hamilton Township[257] or the Charter-Tech High School for the Performing Arts, located in Somers Point.[258]

Oceanside Charter School, which offered pre-Kindergarten through eighth grade, was founded in 1999 and closed in June 2013 when its charter wasn't renewed by the New Jersey Department of Education.[259]

Founded in 1908, Our Lady Star of the Sea Regional School is a Catholic elementary school, operated under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Camden.[260][261]

Nearby college campuses include those of Atlantic Cape Community College and Stockton University, the latter of which offers classes and resources in the city such as the Carnegie Library Center.

Media outlets

Newspapers and magazines

Radio stations
  • WEHA 88.7 FM – Gospel
  • WAYV 95.1 FM – Top 40
  • WTTH 96.1 FM – Urban AC
  • WFPG 96.9 FM – AC (Lite Rock 96.9)
  • WENJ 97.3 FM – Sports
  • WTKU 98.3 FM – Classic hits (Kool 98.3)
  • WZBZ 99.3 FM – Rhythmic (The Buzz)
  • WZXL 100.7 FM – Rock (The Rock Station)
  • WLRB 102.7 FM – Contemporary Christian (K-Love)
  • WMGM 103.7 FM – Active rock (WMGM Rocks)
  • WSJO 104.9 FM – Hot AC (Sojo 104.9)
  • WPUR 107.3 FM – Country (Cat Country 107.3)
  • WWJZ 640 AM – Religious
  • WMID 1340 AM – Oldies
  • WOND 1400 AM – News/Talk
  • WPGG 1450 AM – Talk
  • WBSS 1490 AM – Sports betting talk

Television stations

Atlantic City is part of the Philadelphia television market. There, six stations licensed in the area.

  • WACP Channel 4 Atlantic City (Independent)
  • WMGM-LP Channel 7 Atlantic City (Silent)
  • WMGM-TV Channel 40 Wildwood (Justice Network)
  • W45CP-D Channel 45 Atlantic City (Daystar)
  • W48DP-D Channel 48 Atlantic City (EICB)

Infrastructure

Transportation
View west at the east end of the Atlantic City Expressway in Atlantic City

Roads and highways

As of May 2010, the city had a total of 103.67 miles (166.84 km) of roadways, of which 88.26 miles (142.04 km) were maintained by the municipality, 1.29 miles (2.08 km) by Atlantic County, 5.32 miles (8.56 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and 8.80 miles (14.16 km) by the South Jersey Transportation Authority.[262]

The three roadways into Atlantic City are the Black Horse Pike/Harding Highway (US 322/40 via the Albany Avenue drawbridge), White Horse Pike (US 30), and the Atlantic City Expressway. Atlantic City is roughly 132 miles (212 km) south of New York City by road (via the Garden State Parkway) and 55 miles (89 km) southeast of Philadelphia.[263]

Public transportation
Atlantic City Rail Terminal
ACJA "Jitney" No. 29 on a casino shuttle run.
NJ Transit #2514 on the 505.

Atlantic City is connected to other cities in several ways. NJ Transit's Atlantic City Rail Terminal[264] at the Atlantic City Convention Center provides service from 30th Street Station in Philadelphia through several smaller South Jersey communities via the Atlantic City Line.[265]

On June 20, 2006, the board of NJ Transit approved a three-year trial of express train service between New York Penn Station and the Atlantic City Rail Terminal. The line, known as ACES (Atlantic City Express Service), ran from February 2009 to March 2012. The approximate travel time was ​2 1⁄2 hours, with a stop at Newark's Penn Station, and was part of the casinos' multimillion-dollar investments in Atlantic City. Most of the funding for the transit line was provided by Harrah's Entertainment (owners of both Harrah's Atlantic City and Caesars Atlantic City) and the Borgata.[266]

The Atlantic City Bus Terminal is the home to local, intrastate and interstate bus companies including NJ Transit, Academy and Greyhound bus lines. The Greyhound Lucky Streak Express offers service to Atlantic City from New York City, Brooklyn, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington, D.C.[267] In addition to stopping at the Atlantic City Bus Terminal, Greyhound buses stop at various casinos in Atlantic City. Martz Trailways provides bus service to various casinos in Atlantic City from Wilkes-Barre, Scranton, and White Haven in Pennsylvania.[268] Klein Transportation provides bus service to various casinos in Atlantic City from Shillington, Douglassville, Royersford, and Audubon in Pennsylvania.[269]

Within the city, public transportation is provided by NJ Transit along 13 routes, including service between the city and the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan on the 319 route, and service to and from Atlantic City on routes 501 (to Brigantine Beach), 502 (to Atlantic Cape Community College), 504 (to Ventnor Plaza), 505 (to Longport), 507 (to Ocean City), 508 (to the Hamilton Mall), 509 (to Ocean City), 551 (to Philadelphia), 552 (to Cape May), 553 (to Upper Deerfield Township), 554 (to the Lindenwold PATCO station) and 559 (to Lakewood Township).[270][271]

The Atlantic City Jitney Association (ACJA) offers service on four fixed-route lines and on shuttles to and from the rail terminal.[272]

Airline service

Commercial airlines serve Atlantic City via Atlantic City International Airport, located 9 miles (14 km) northwest of the city in Egg Harbor Township. Many travelers also fly into Philadelphia International Airport, Trenton-Mercer Airport, or Newark Liberty International Airport, where there are wider selections of carriers from which to choose. The historic downtown Bader Field airport is now permanently closed and plans are in the works to redevelop the land.

Atlantic City International Airport is a focus city for Spirit Airlines. The airport is also served by various scheduled chartered flight companies.

Healthcare
The AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center City Campus

The AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center is a health system based in Atlantic City. Founded in 1898, it includes two hospitals; the Atlantic City Campus and the Mainland Campus in Pomona, New Jersey. It has Atlantic City's only cancer institute, heart institute, and neonatal intensive care unit.[273]

Utilities

South Jersey Industries provides natural gas to the city under the South Jersey Gas division. Marina Energy and its subsidiary, Energenic, a joint business venture with a long-time business partner, operate two thermal power stations in the city. The Marina Thermal Plant serves the Borgata while a second plant serves the Resorts Hotel and Casino.[274] Another thermal plant is the Midtown Thermal Control Center on Atlantic and Ohio Avenues built by Conectiv, which opened in 1997 and provides chilled water for hotels and other facilities along the Boardwalk.[275]

Electrical power in Atlantic City as well as the surrounding area is primarily served by Atlantic City Electric, which was incorporated in 1924 and provides power from the Beesley's Point Generating Station in Upper Township, as well as other locations.[276]

Jersey-Atlantic is the first coastal wind farm in the United States and a tourist attraction[277]

The Jersey-Atlantic Wind Farm, opened in 2005, is the first onshore coastal wind farm in the United States.[278] In October 2010, North American Offshore Wind Conference was held in the city and included tours of the facility and potential sites for further development.[279] In February 2011, the state passed legislation permitting the construction of windmills for electricity along pre-existing piers, such as the Steel Pier.[280][281] The first phase of the Atlantic Wind Connection, a planned electrical transmission backbone along the Jersey Shore was planned to be operational in 2013.

Atlantic City has been shown in several other aspects of pop culture. Films such as The King of Marvin Gardens (1972),[282] Atlantic City,[283] The Godfather Part III,[284] Rounders[285] and Snake Eyes[286] have featured the city, as have television programs such as The Simpsons,[287] How I Met Your Mother,[288] and Boardwalk Empire.[289]

Notable people

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Atlantic City include:

See also

Notes
  1. Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1981 to 2010.
  2. The official climatology station for Atlantic City was at the Weather Bureau Office downtown from January 1874 to 15 June 1958 and Atlantic City Int'l (ACY) in Egg Harbor Township since 16 June 1958.[79] ACY's location in the Pine Barrens and distance away from the coast and urban heat island of downtown Atlantic City largely account for its markedly colder temperatures at night as compared to downtown; for example, from 1959 to 2013, there were 50 days with a low of 0 °F (−18 °C) or lower, while in the same period, the corresponding number of days at downtown was 2. The National Weather Service ceased regular snowfall observations at downtown after the winter of 1958–59.

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  108. Clarity, James F. "It's 'Place Your Bets' as East's First Casino Opens", The New York Times, May 27, 1978. Accessed November 26, 2017. "Legalized casino gambling began officially in Atlantic City today, with eager, but smaller-than‐expected, crowds of bettors moving into the Resorts International hotel gaming mom and politicians predicting that golden days were coming for this once-prosperous, now‐shabby resort town by the sea."
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  121. Wittkowski, Donald. "Carl Icahn won't approve sale of Trump Plaza for $20M", The Press of Atlantic City, April 23, 2013. Accessed October 30, 2015.
  122. Brubaker, Harold. "Revel abandons Brookfield deal", The Philadelphia Inquirer, December 12, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2015. "U.S. Bankruptcy Judge Gloria M. Burns on Wednesday scheduled a hearing for that morning to consider Revel AC Inc.'s motion to terminate its agreement to sell its property to a subsidiary of Brookfield Asset Management Inc. for $110 million."
  123. Palmieri, Christopher. "Atlantic City's Failed Revel Casino Sells for $200 Million", Bloomberg News, January 8, 2018. Accessed September 14, 2018.
  124. via Associated Press. "Judge: Stockton can find another buyer for Showboat", The Washington Times, August 10, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2015.
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  126. Staff. "Sands casino in Atlantic City imploded", USA Today, October 19, 2007. Accessed October 30, 2015. "It took less than 20 seconds for the 21-story, 500-room tower where Frank Sinatra once held court to come crashing to the ground shortly after 9:30 p.m. in the first implosion of an East Coast casino. The demolition makes way for a mega-casino to be built on the Sands site by Pinnacle Entertainment at an estimated cost of $1.5 billion to $2 billion."
  127. Staff. "Trump Planning to Demolish World's Fair Casino in Atlantic City", The New York Times, July 10, 1999. Accessed October 30, 2015. "Donald J. Trump plans to demolish his World's Fair casino in Atlantic City around the end of the year and may build a 4,000-room, $750 million gambling complex in its place, officials of his development company said yesterday."
  128. Today in History: June 26, Library of Congress. Accessed June 23, 2016. "On June 26, 1870, the first section of the Atlantic City Boardwalk opened along the New Jersey beach."
  129. Atlantic City FAQs: Where and when was the first boardwalk constructed?, Atlantic City Free Public Library. Accessed September 21, 2016. "The first boardwalk built in the United States was in Atlantic City, New Jersey in 1870."
  130. Shea, Rachel Hartigan. "After Sandy: The Future of Boardwalks; In age of extreme weather, should they be rebuilt, redesigned, defended by dunes?", National Geographic, November 10, 2012. Accessed September 21, 2016. "The first boardwalk built in the United States was a temporary structure. Two local businessmen, weary of sand being tracked into their establishments, convinced the city council of Atlantic City to create a boardwalk in 1870."
  131. Brennan, John. "Putting the Atlantic City Boardwalk myth to bed", The Record (North Jersey), October 30, 2012, backed up by the Internet Archive as of November 3, 2012. Accessed June 23, 2016. "The Atlantic City Boardwalk that was washed out by Hurricane Sandy is an area limited to the Boardwalk fronting the Absecon Inlet only. That small section of the Boardwalk is located in South Inlet, a prominent residential section of Atlantic City. It is a small stretch of Boardwalk that is being shown in video footage and photos."
  132. Jaffe, Greg. "Atlantic City takes stock of storm damage", The Washington Post, October 30, 2012. Accessed June 23, 2016. "One section of the famed boardwalk was destroyed, but most of it was intact, and on Tuesday, as white foam from the roiling Atlantic Ocean sprayed across it, the only people around were a few store owners who had come to check on their shops, some wave watchers and a few homeless men."
  133. Down the Shore: Summer in Atlantic City, Independence Seaport Museum. Accessed June 23, 2016. "The first Atlantic City boardwalk was built in 1870, and twelve years later, in 1882, Ocean Pier, the world's first oceanside amusement pier was constructed."
  134. Atlantic City Experience: 100 Years of the Garden Pier, Atlantic City Free Public Library. Accessed August 23, 2013.
  135. "Atlantic City Experience: 100 Years of the Garden Pier", Atlantic City Experience. Accessed July 27, 2017. "Garden Pier stood apart from the other piers in Atlantic City. First opening on July 19, 1913, its 'uptown' location placed it away from the frenzied activity of the bustling downtown."
  136. Flynn, Ed. "The Heinz Pier in Atlantic City a 'variety' of fun", Northjersey.com, March 7, 2013. Accessed August 23, 2013.
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  148. Berman, Marc. "Atlantic City's famous Rolling Chairs celebrate 125th anniversary today", NJ.com, June 11, 2012. Accessed June 23, 2016. "Rolling chairs have been an Atlantic City staple since June 11, 1887, introduced at a convention in 1876 and soon after began to be rented out to tourists by local businessman William Hayday."
  149. Santore, John V. "Panel weighs in on future of A.C.'s South Inlet", The Press of Atlantic City, January 14, 2015. Accessed September 21, 2016.
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  152. Post, Michelle Bruentti; and Reil, Max. "Atlantic City airshow soars over city's beaches", The Press of Atlantic City, August 17, 2016. Accessed November 19, 2016. "It was the 14th annual 'Thunder Over the Boardwalk' Atlantic City Airshow, with airboss David Schultz estimating 450,000 people lined the Boardwalk, beaches and oceanfront buildings from Brigantine to Ocean City."
  153. Hillinger, Charles. "This Elephant Is Not Endangered Victorian Relic Built in 1881 Is the Pride of Beach Town Series: Charles Hillinger's America", Los Angeles Times, December 19, 1985. Accessed December 19, 2011.
  154. Osborne, A. S. (1995). Miss America, the dream lives on. Dallas, Texas: Taylor Publishing.
  155. Khemlani, Anjalee. "Bert Parks statue back in prominent Atlantic City position", The Press of Atlantic City, June 8, 2013. Accessed July 27, 2017. "The bronze likeness of Parks was originally fitted with sensors in its palms, which would start a recording of him singing the traditional 'There she is ...' from the song 'Miss America' while people placed their heads under the crown."
  156. Miss'd America Pageant, Greater Atlantic City GLBT Alliance. Accessed July 27, 2017.
  157. Leonard, Nicole. "Miss'd America pageant finds new home in Atlantic City's Borgata", The Press of Atlantic City, May 22, 2015. Accessed September 21, 2016. "The reigning queen of the Miss'd America pageant, the LGBT spoof of Miss America, will relinquish her crown to a new winner on Sept. 26 as contestants from across the country descend on Atlantic City. The pageant has been held in recent years at Boardwalk Hall, Harrah's Resort and House of Blues at Showboat Casino Hotel since first returning to Atlantic City in 2010. ... Since its inception in 1994, the Miss'd America pageant has raised over $280,000 for local LGBT charities and organizations."
  158. Kinon, Christina. "HBO's 'Boardwalk Empire' uses New York as a stand-in for Atlantic City, Chicago and Los Angeles", New York Daily News, September 8, 2010. Accessed September 21, 2016.
  159. Cronick, Scott. "Press documentary 'Boss of the Boardwalk' chronicles the life and times of Nucky Johnson", The Press of Atlantic City, August 20, 2010. Accessed September 23, 2016. "Boss of the Boardwalk, a 45-minute documentary by staff writers Michael Clark and Dan Good, premiered at 7 pm. Saturday, Aug. 21, on NBC TV-40. It will receive six additional airings throughout August and September, including 3 pm. Sept. 19, the same day Boardwalk Empire will begin its 12-episode first season."
  160. Resorts Atlantic City to adopt 1920s theme in nod to 'Boardwalk Empire' The Star-Ledger, October 7, 2010. Accessed September 21, 2016.
  161. Waltzer, Jim. "The Ritz: Where Nucky Lay His Head; Once a happening hotel, the Ritz Condominium has restored its vintage look, if not its wild ways. Tours of Nucky Johnson's one-time home are now being offered as Boardwalk Empire mania continues to sweep the city.", Atlantic City Weekly, November 10, 2010. Accessed December 21, 2016.
  162. Rose, Elaine. "Academy Bus Co. launches 'Nucky's Way,' an Atlantic City trolley tour where 'Nucky' Johnson is your guide". The Press of Atlantic City, June 30, 2011. Accessed October 30, 2015.
  163. Harper, Derek. "'Boardwalk Empire' facade unveiled on Atlantic City Boardwalk to hundreds of spectators", The Press of Atlantic City, August 1, 2011. Accessed October 30, 2015.
  164. Rosenberg, Amy. "Rascal Flatts to play Atlantic City beach Aug. 20", The Philadelphia Inquirer, July 1, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2015.
  165. Weinberg, David. "Arena Football League teams suspend operations, Blackjacks' future unclear", The Press of Atlantic City, October 30, 2019. Accessed November 27, 2019. "The Atlantic City Blackjacks may not be back at Jim Whelan Boardwalk Hall next season. Ron Jaworski, chairman of the Arena Football League’s Executive Committee, confirmed a report in the Albany Times Union on Tuesday that all six of the league’s franchises will suspend their local operations."
  166. Weinberg, David. "Atlantic City Blackjacks done after one year, AFL ceases operation", The Press of Atlantic City, November 27, 2019. Accessed November 27, 2019. "The Atlantic City Blackjacks are done after just one season in the Arena Football League. The AFL announced Wednesday that it has filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy and is ceasing all operations."
  167. Auble, Kristine. "New soccer team Atlantic City FC to begin play in 2018", The Press of Atlantic City, December 22, 2017. Accessed November 27, 2019. "Hoping to fill a void in the city’s sports scene, the Atlantic City Football Club announced Thursday that it will join the National Premier Soccer League as an expansion team in 2018.... The team will play five to seven home games at Stockton University in Galloway Township and will compete in the NPSL Keystone Conference as a semiprofessional team."
  168. Ralph, Matthew. "Atlantic City FC gives NPSL a South Jersey foothold Atlantic City FC announced entry into the NPSL’s Keystone Conference at the Tropicana on Thursday", Brotherly Game, December 22, 2017. Accessed November 27, 2019. "The Atlantic City Diablos played two seasons in the NPSL in 2007 and 2008 before folding and the AC Crusaders competed in the NPSL in 2011 and 2012 before heading to the American Soccer League and eventually meeting the same fate."
  169. Gill, Mike. "15 Years Ago This Week The Boardwalk Bullies Won The Kelly Cup", 97.3 ESPN, May 16, 2018. Accessed November 27, 2019. "From 2001-2005, the Atlantic City Boardwalk Bullies were a member of the ECHL, but like most pro sports teams in the city, attendance problems forced the team to leave the city, landing in Stockton, CA"
  170. Hetrick, Christian. "Arena Football League team is coming to Atlantic City, and you get a chance to name it", The Philadelphia Inquirer, January 22, 2019. Accessed November 27, 2019. "The Atlantic City Seagulls, of the now defunct United States Basketball League, played at the city’s high school gym from 1996 to 2001. And the Atlantic City CardSharks of the National Indoor Football League played at Boardwalk Hall in 2004 and lasted one season."
  171. Huna, Nicholas. "The history of the Atlantic City Surf", The Press of Atlantic City, September 23, 2017. Accessed November 27, 2019. "May 20, 1998: The Atlantic City Surf play their first game against the Somerset Patriots to a sellout crowd. The Surf lose 8-5.... Sept. 7, 2008: The Surf plays its last game, a 6-0 shutout loss to Quebec in the Can-Am League playoffs."
  172. McGarry, Michael. "ShopRite LPGA Classic is thriving in four years since returning to Galloway", The Press of Atlantic City, May 24, 2014. Accessed September 14, 2018. "The Classic began in 1986 and continued uninterrupted for 20 years. But the tournament ended for three years after 2006 because of a dispute over dates between the former tournament officials and the LPGA."
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  186. Biryukov, Nikita. "Atlantic City referendum defeated in landslide City voters overwhelmingly vote to keep current form of government", New Jersey Globe, May 12, 2020. Accessed May 13, 2020. "Voters in Atlantic City slapped down a referendum that would have eliminated the city’s mayor and reduced the number of seats on the city’s council. The referendum, which was opposed by incumbent councilmembers, Mayor Marty Small and the Callaway family-led Atlantic City Democratic organization, was defeated 985 to 3,275.... The measure would have replaced the mayor’s post with a council-appointed city manager and cut down the number of council seats from nine to five."
  187. Danzis, David. "Atlantic City Council selects Dunston for 2nd Ward seat", The Press of Atlantic City, November 12, 2019. Accessed March 18, 2020. "LaToya Dunston, 36, was unanimously selected by council to serve as the 2nd Ward representative for the remainder of 2019. She fills the vacancy left by Marty Small Sr., who became mayor Oct. 4 after his predecessor, Frank Gilliam Jr., abruptly resigned a day earlier."
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  270. Atlantic County Bus / Rail Connections, NJ Transit, backed up by the Internet Archive as of July 26, 2010. Accessed November 15, 2013.
  271. South Jersey Transit Guide, Cross County Connection. Accessed march 18, 2020.
  272. Jitney Route Map Archived November 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Atlantic City Jitney Association. Accessed November 19, 2016.
  273. AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center: Atlantic City Campus, AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center City Division. Accessed December 4, 2015. "AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center's Atlantic City Campus was Atlantic City's first hospital, founded in 1898."
  274. Company History, South Jersey Industries. Accessed December 4, 2015. "Marina's first project was the construction of the Marina Thermal Energy facility in Atlantic City, which opened in 2003. Marina Thermal provides Borgata Casino Hotel & Spa's heating, cooling and hot water needs in addition to electric generation."
  275. Ianeri, Brian. "Atlantic City cooling plant slashes electricity costs with innovative technology", The Press of Atlantic City, July 6, 2014. Accessed December 4, 2015. "New technology that slashed electricity costs by nearly 25 percent at the Midtown Thermal Control Center may benefit people from Dubai and Abu Dhabi to California and Texas. The 17-year-old Atlantic Avenue plant functions as a massive air-conditioning system that cools several Boardwalk casinos and hotels, Boardwalk Hall and the Pier Shops at Caesars."
  276. About Us, Atlantic City Electric. Accessed December 4, 2015. "Atlantic City Electric, a subsidiary of Pepco Holdings, Inc. (PHI), delivers safe, reliable and affordable electric service to more than 545,000 customers in southern New Jersey."
  277. Urgo, Jacqueline L. "Atlantic City wind turbines become a tourist attraction", The Press of Atlantic City, June 12, 2011. Accessed December 4, 2015. "Some casino hotel guests are so fascinated that they ask for rooms with a view of the five delicate fans, resort operators say. So the Atlantic County Utilities Authority is cranking open the security gates at the Route 30 wastewater-treatment facility that houses the turbines for twice-a-week tours in June, July, and August."
  278. Jersey-Atlantic Wind Farm, Atlantic City Utilities Authority. Accessed December 4, 2015.
  279. Miller, Michael. "N.J. soars in wind energy projects; four offshore farms in the works could generate 1,100 megawatts", The Press of Atlantic City', October 8, 2010. Accessed January 13, 2017.
  280. "N.J. allows windmills for electric energy on piers". New Jersey Newsroom. February 8, 2011. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved December 17, 2013.
  281. Fletcher, Juliet. "Christie enacts law allowing windmills on piers along New Jersey coast, including on Steel Pier in Atlantic City", The Press of Atlantic City, February 8, 2011. Accessed December 21, 2016.
  282. Staff. "The King of Marvin Gardens (1972)", The New York Times. Accessed November 15, 2013. "Dreams die hard in wintry Atlantic City in Bob Rafelson's downbeat character drama."
  283. Canby, Vincent. "Atlantic City (1980)", The New York Times, April 3, 1981. Accessed March 18, 2020. "Atlantic City, Louis Malle's fine new movie, may be one of the most romantic and perverse ghost stories ever filmed, set not in a haunted castle but in a haunted city, the contemporary Atlantic City, a point of transit where the dead and the living meet briefly, sometimes even make love, and then continue on their individual ways."
  284. Hartshorn, Toni. "Ten Reasons Why You Shouldn’t Be Quick to Dismiss The Godfather, Part III", AMC (TV channel), February 2012. Accessed March 18, 2020.
  285. Weis, Richard. "Film / A.C. Gets Its Fair Share of Exposure in Rounders", The Press of Atlantic City, September 8, 1998. Accessed November 15, 2013. "Atlantic City may never again get the star treatment it received from director Louis Malle in 1980 with his dreamy, bittersweet film Atlantic City. But the city does get the proverbial 15 minutes of fame in Rounders, a feature about a pair of go-for-broke poker players that stars Matt Damon and Edward Norton and opens nationally on Friday."
  286. Kempley, Rita. "Snake Eyes: A Bad Bet", The Washington Post, August 7, 1998. Accessed September 14, 2018. "Nicolas Cage, who sported wings as a somber seraphim in this spring's City of Angels, returns to more devilish pursuits in Brian De Palma's Snake Eyes. A glittery but dunderheaded murder mystery set in Atlantic City's Trump Taj Mahal, the movie gives both of these high-rollers a chance to strut and preen."
  287. Donohue, Brian. "Doh!: How 'The Simpsons' has celebrated New Jersey over the years", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, May 15, 2016, updated May 16, 2019. Accessed March 18, 2020.
  288. Krause, Staci. "How I Met Your Mother: 'Atlantic City' Review", IGN, April 3, 2007, updated May 15, 2012. Accessed March 18, 2020.
  289. Shivers, Marla Nicole. "A Boardwalk Empire Tour of Atlantic City", AtlanticCityNJ.com. Accessed December 26, 2014. "The critically-acclaimed original dramatic television series from HBO, Boardwalk Empire tells the story of corruption that takes place in Atlantic City, New Jersey during the Prohibition era."
  290. Staff. "High-Living N.J. 'Midget' Crowned With Drug Indictment", Philadelphia Daily News, February 16, 1989. Accessed November 15, 2013. "Hakeem Abdul Shaheed gave the kids of the dreary Atlantic City housing projects something to aspire to. He lived like a king, complete with gold crown."
  291. "Unraveling Abramoff: Key Players in the Investigation of Lobbyist Jack Abramoff", The Washington Post, October 13, 2006. Accessed June 23, 2007. "Born in Atlantic City, N.J., Abramoff, 46, graduated from Brandeis University and Georgetown University Law Center."
  292. Staff. "Crime may rise along with Earth's temperatures", Phys.org, July 12, 2012. Accessed November 15, 2013. "Agnew's background in criminology isn't purely academic. He grew up in the Atlantic City of the 1950s and 60s, before casinos brought tourist dollars and jobs."
  293. Reney, Tom. "Joe Albany: Low Down Proto Bopper on Film" Archived December 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, New England Public Radio, January 24, 2013. Accessed November 15, 2013. "The Atlantic City native is essentially the sole voice relating his life's story in the documentary, but he sounds humble and reliable, and his recollections of Bird and Pres and Lady Day are appreciative and insightful. Albany came to prominence in the 1940s, holding down the coveted piano chair in bands led by Georgie Auld and Benny Carter, where he was the only white member."
  294. Jackson, Vincent. "Achievements / James Avery Returns Home to Accept Award From NJEA", The Press of Atlantic City, November 10, 2001. Accessed November 15, 2013. "Atlantic City native actor James Avery returned to his hometown this weekend to receive an award acknowledging his promotion of the teaching profession and recognizing his leadership in the acting field."
  295. Staff. "Transport: Atlantic City Dream", Time, November 5, 1934. Accessed November 15, 2013. "Longtime dream of Atlantic City's Mayor Harry Bacharach has been a new railroad station for 'America's Playground.' Last week, on his 61st birthday, Mayor Bacharach's dream came true."
  296. A Finding Aid to the Isaac Bacharach Papers. 1882–1956., American Jewish Archives. Accessed November 15, 2013. "Born in Philadelphia, January 5, 1870, Isaac Bacharach was a businessman and banker who pursued a political career as a Republican in New Jersey. After serving on the Atlantic City Council (1907–1911), he was elected to the State Assembly (1913) and the US Congress (1915)."
  297. Staff. "Mayor Bader Dies; Atlantic City – Succumbs to Appendicitis Early This Morning – Under Knife on Thursday – Elected for Eight Years – Former Member of University of Pennsylvania's Football Team – A Contractor for Many Years.", The New York Times, January 29, 1927. Accessed June 1, 2017.
  298. Henry, Big Joe. Big Joe's History of Christmas Music, NJ 101.5, December 22, 2012. Accessed February 1, 2013. "What do you get when you combine influences of 1950s era Atlantic City and Texas? You guessed it! You get the holiday hit Jingle Bell Rock. Composed by Joseph Beal, a public relations professional and longtime resident of Atlantic City, and James Boothe, a Texan writer in the advertising business."
  299. Monaghan, Charles. "Book Report", The Washington Post, June 14, 1987. Accessed August 8, 2018. "A native of Atlantic City, N.J., Beckham was president of his class at Atlantic City High School before going to Brown, where he was one of three black graduates in the class of 1966."
  300. Staff. "Edwin Blum: The Full Biography", The New York Times. Accessed November 15, 2013. "A native of Atlantic City, NJ, Blum moved to Los Angeles in 1933 and started out as an assistant to Writers Guild of America president Ernest Pascal."
  301. McDonough, Megan. "Jack E. Boucher, longtime National Park Service photographer, dies at 80" Archived December 17, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, The Washington Post, September 13, 2012. Accessed November 15, 2013. "Jack Edward Boucher was born in Buffalo on Sept. 4, 1931, and raised in Atlantic City. He began his career as a photo lab technician and engraver at 18 at the old Atlantic City Tribune, a newspaper where his father was a reporter."
  302. Staff. "Horace J. Bryant Dead; Commissioner in Jersey", The New York Times, April 14, 1983. Accessed September 25, 2016. "In 1970, Mr. Bryant returned to Atlantic City, was elected to the City Commission two years later and was City Commissioner of Revenue and Finance until 1980."
  303. Wendowski, Andrew. "Breaking Benjamin, From Ashes To New Hit Rock Jackpot in Atlantic City at Hard Rock Casino", Music Mayhem Magazine, January 2, 2019. Accessed March 18, 2020. "This evening was a special one not only cause it was the bands final performance of the year but also because this show is a hometown show for Breaking Benjamin’s own Benjamin Burnley, who was actually born right in Atlantic City as he greeted the crowd saying, 'Atlantic City, How the f-ck is everyone doing tonight, man it’s so good to be home, I was born right here in Atlantic City.'"
  304. Roncace, Kelly. 'Breaking Benjamin is back and going home with show at Trump Taj Mahal", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, August 8, 2015. Accessed August 9, 2018. "'I was born in Atlantic City, at the hospital there, and raised in Ocean City until I was 12 years old.' Burnley explained his family moved to Pennsylvania when he was 12 due to an increase in taxes at the shore town."
  305. Greg Buttle, Pro-Football-Reference.com. Accessed June 2, 2011.
  306. Cronick, Scott. "Everyone Has a Story: Naval admiral, Atlantic City native to boldly go someplace cold", The Press of Atlantic City, October 24, 2009. Accessed September 12, 2018. "As a 30-year United States Navy veteran, Atlantic City native Mark H. Buzby has traveled the world. He has been to every continent except Antarctica. And thanks to his recent promotion, he will be able to check that one off, too, when he goes there in January."
  307. Obituary of Carole Byard, Greenidge Funeral Home. Accessed February 6, 2018. "Carole Marie Byard, 'Suggie,' was born on July 22, 1941, in Atlantic City, New Jersey to the late William Alfred Byard and Viola London-Byard. Carole graduated from Atlantic City High School, class of 1959."
  308. Smith, Henrietta M. The Coretta Scott King Awards Book: From Vision to Reality, p. 74. American Library Association, 1994. ISBN 9780838934418. Accessed February 6, 2018. "Carole Byard was born in Atlantic City, New Jersey, on July 22, 1942. Her mother died when Byard was very young, and she was raised by her father with the help of a grandmother."
  309. "Harry Carroll", Songwriters Hall of Fame. Accessed June 24, 2019. "Harry Carroll, the composer of such enduring standards as I'm Always Chasing Rainbows, Trail of the Lonesome Pine and By the Beautiful Sea, was born in Atlantic City, New Jersey on November 28, 1892."
  310. Gussow, Mel. "Rosalind Cash, 56, at Home on Stage and Screen", The New York Times, November 3, 1995. Accessed June 1, 2017. "Ms. Cash was born in Atlantic City and attended City College of New York."
  311. Staff. "Castellani to Box Giambra on Friday", The New York Times, July 29, 1956. Accessed June 1, 2017. "Joey Giambra of Buffalo, hailed as a standout contender for the middleweight title, will meet Rocky Castellani of Atlantic City in the main bout scheduled for ten rounds at Madison Square Garden Friday."
  312. Kent, Bill. "Atlantic City; Land and the Law", The New York Times, August 2, 1998. Accessed November 15, 2013. "On July 20, Judge Richard Williams of New Jersey Superior Court rejected the use of eminent domain to force Vera Coking, who owns a rooming house, and three other Atlantic City property holders to sell to Donald Trump, saying the seizure would benefit Mr. Trump and not the public at large."
  313. Kiely, Eugene. "A Maverick Courting The Conservatives Assembly Speaker Jack Collins Says Morals Come Before Politics. He Hopes That Principle Wins Him Votes Among A Key Constituency.", The Philadelphia Inquirer, March 21, 2000. Accessed November 15, 2013. "Collins hates to lose. It's his competitive nature. He was born in Atlantic City and grew up in Gloucester City."
  314. Hannan, Maryanne. "Who Should Tell the Poem? A Conversation with Stuart Dischell", Cerise Press, Fall / Winter 2011–12, Vol. 3 Issue 8. Accessed November 16, 2013. "As for wisdom, perhaps he was referring to my being from Atlantic City where there are lots of wise guys."
  315. Tarro, Zim. Bruce Ditmas Interview, Cadence. Accessed June 24, 2019. "Ditmas: OK, I’m Bruce Ditmas. I grew up in Miami, Florida, born in Atlantic City and I’m a drummer, keyboard player, composer, and producer."
  316. Grimes, William. "Sidney Drell, Who Advised Presidents on Nuclear Weapons, Dies at 90", The New York Times, December 22, 2016. Accessed December 22, 2016. "Sidney David Drell was born on Sept. 13, 1926, in Atlantic City, to Jewish immigrants from the Russian empire."
  317. Brown, Emma. "Robert Ettinger, founder of the cryonics movement, dies at 92", The Washington Post, July 24, 2011. Accessed April 25, 2016. "Robert Chester Wilson Ettinger was born Dec. 4, 1918, in Atlantic City."
  318. Kleiman, Dena. "Frank S. Farley, 75, Ex-Legislator And G.O.P. Leader in Jersey, Dies", The New York Times, September 25, 1977. Accessed November 16, 2013. "Mr. Farley, whose friends called him 'Hap' was born in Atlantic City on Dec. 5, 1901, the youngest of 10 children."
  319. D'Amico, Diane."Vera King Farris, Stockton college's longest-serving president, dies after short illness", The Press of Atlantic City, November 29, 2009. Accessed November 16, 2013. "An Atlantic City native, Farris was named Stockton's third president in 1983, making her the first black woman college president in New Jersey."
  320. Grugan, Brittany. "Atlantic Cape Community College hires former Atlantic City star, longtime pro Andrew Fields as basketball coach ", The Press of Atlantic City, August 19, 2011. Accessed February 15, 2018. "Ever since he retired as a professional basketball player, Andrew Fields hoped to coach a college team. The Atlantic City resident, who played basketball professionally around the world for years, has extensive sideline experience."
  321. Hilt, Ed. "Atlantic City's Chris Ford Takes Charge Of 76ers / First Game Tonight For Holy Spirit Grad", The Press of Atlantic City, February 11, 2004. Accessed June 2, 2011.
  322. Holden, Stephen. "Helen Forrest, Singer During the Big Band Era, Dies at 82", The New York Times, July 13, 1999. Accessed November 16, 2013. "Born Helen Fogel in Atlantic City, Ms. Forrest performed regularly as a young girl on the New York City radio station WNEW."
  323. Staff. Manual of the Legislature of New Jersey: 1993 Edition, p. 231. Accessed September 6, 2016. "Assemblyman Gaffney was born March 23, 1934, in Atlantic City. He married the former Carol Crane in 1986."
  324. John James Gardner, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed August 27, 2007.
  325. Staff. "Girl Scout Founder is next Role for Veteran Character Actress", Daily News of Los Angeles, March 11, 1987. Accessed November 16, 2013. "Born in Atlantic City, NJ, where her parents were working in a specialty act, Garrett literally lived in a trunk backstage the first summer of her life."
  326. Milton Willits Glenn, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed August 28, 2007.
  327. Leypoldt, Don. "Former Brown Showing New Strength in Christ", Fellowship of Christian Athletes, February 21, 2014. Accessed December 26, 2014. "Green is from Atlantic City. The casinos form a glitzy skyline but just blocks away teem with poverty, gangs and drugs. The gangs and drugs ensnared Green's father."
  328. "Marjorie Guthrie", Jewish Women's Archive. Accessed November 16, 2013."Marjorie Guthrie was born in Atlantic City, New Jersey, on October 6, 1917, the fourth of five siblings: Herbert, a merchant marine; Gertrude, an artist; David, a mechanical engineer; and Bernard, a psychiatrist."
  329. John R. Hargrove Sr., Archives of Maryland. Accessed November 16, 2013.
  330. Feuer, Alan. "Celestine Tate Harrington, 42, Quadriplegic Street Musician", The New York Times, March 7, 1998. Accessed November 16, 2013. "But Atlantic City – bustling with tourists and extra change – beckoned. She arrived on the Boardwalk in 1984, and she eventually moved into a condominium in Atlantic City purchased with the proceeds from her busking."
  331. Kidel, Mark. "James Hillman obituary US psychologist who concluded that therapy needed to change the world rather than focus on people's inner lives", The Daily Guardian, December 21, 2011. Accessed November 16, 2013. "Hillman grew up in Atlantic City, New Jersey, with parents in the hotel business – they partly owned the George V in Paris. In a seaside resort that sold and lived by illusion, he spoke of learning early on about things not always being what they seemed."
  332. Pete Hunter, Pro-Football-Reference.com. Accessed July 27, 2017.
  333. Jeffries, Walter Sooy, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed December 29, 2016.
  334. Flint, Peter B. "Candy Jones Dies; Ex-Model, Teacher, And Writer Was 64", The New York Times, January 19, 1990. Accessed December 20, 2007. Accessed February 1, 2013.
  335. Cotter, Holland. "Allan Kaprow, Creator of Artistic 'Happenings,' Dies at 78", The New York Times, April 10, 2006. Accessed June 2, 2011. "Mr. Kaprow was born in Atlantic City and began his career as an abstract painter in New York City in the 1940s, studying with Hans Hofmann."
  336. Meet Amy, Amy Kennedy for Congress. Accessed July 11, 2020. "Amy was born in Atlantic City and grew up in Pleasantville and Absecon, New Jersey."
  337. Marie Kibler, Sports-Reference.com. Accessed January 15, 2018. "Born: June 29, 1912 in Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States"
  338. Kuperinsky, Amy. "Atlantic City radio legend Pinky Kravitz dead at 88", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, November 1, 2015. Accessed November 5, 2015. "The radio man, born in West Virginia, moved to Atlantic City with his family when he was 7. In 1988, the alumnus of Atlantic City High School told the New York Times that a class bully gave him his famous nickname."
  339. Bartlett, Lauren. Martha Krebs Appointed Director of the California NanoSystems Institute and UCLA Associate Vice Chancellor for Research Archived December 5, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, University of California, Los Angeles, March 14, 2001. Accessed December 5, 2017. "Krebs was born in Atlantic City, N.J., and grew up in central Pennsylvania near Harrisburg."
  340. Johnson, Judge Nelson. "Joanna LaSane was Atlantic City’s regal pioneer in the cultural arts, says Judge Nelson Johnson", The Press of Atlantic City, February 20, 2019. Accessed February 5, 2020. "Joanna Forenan LaSane was Atlantic City’s royalty. She was an intelligent, charming and elegant lady, a role model for us all."
  341. Staff. Manual of the Legislature of New Jersey; 1990 Edition, p. 208. J.A. Fitzgerald, 1990. Accessed September 28, 2016. "Mr. Laskin was born June 30, 1936, in Atlantic City. He was graduated from Camden High School in 1954."
  342. Jacob Lawrence Biography, DC Moore Gallery. Accessed December 21, 2016. "Born in 1917 in Atlantic City, New Jersey, Lawrence moved with his family to Harlem in 1930, where he came into contact with some of the greatest artistic and intellectual minds of his generation."
  343. Reil, Maxwell. "Jacob Lawrence and his art remembered, admired in Atlantic City", The Press of Atlantic City, February 24, 2017. Accessed November 15, 2017. "Though it has been 100 years since his birth in Atlantic City, Lawrence still has an influence in the area. Born on Arctic Avenue in 1917, Lawrence was a painter, educator and storyteller."
  344. "E, Grey Lewis '59", Princeton Alumni Weekly. Accessed July 23, 2019. "Born in Atlantic City, Grey attended the Peddie School, where he was president of the student body."
  345. "Libby Given 1964 Award", Statesville Record & Landmark, March 26, 1965. Accessed January 1, 2018. "A native of Atlantic City, N. J., Libby moved to Los Angeles three years ago after a stint as sports editor of the Yonkers (N.Y.) Herald-Statesman and sports writer for the New York Post."
  346. Fitzgerald's Legislative Manual, 1984, p. 226. Accessed October 28, 2019. "James J. (Sonny) Mccullough, Rep., Egg Harbor Twp.... The senator was born Jan. 11, 1942, in Atlantic City. He graduated from Atlantic City High School in 1960, and has completed certification courses at Rutgers University and taken classes at Rowan University and Rider College."
  347. DeRosier, John. "Atlantic City native embroiled in Trump/Flynn controversy ", The Press of Atlantic City, May 17, 2017. Accessed November 15, 2017. "McGahn, a longtime Republican campaign lawyer and former commissioner at the Federal Election Commission, grew up in Atlantic City, attending Our Lady Star of the Sea school and Holy Spirit High School, where he played football."
  348. Staff. "Obituary: Bob Merrill", The Independent, February 19, 1998. Accessed April 25, 2016. "The son of a sweet- manufacturer, Merrill was born in 1921 in Atlantic City, New Jersey, but raised in Philadelphia."
  349. "The Man Who Knew", Frontline (U.S. TV series). Accessed December 17, 2008.
  350. Davis, Eddie. "Acclaimed Food Writer, One-time A.C. Resident, Josh Ozersky Found Dead", WFPG, May 6, 2015. Accessed November 10, 2017. "Joshua Ozersky, who spent his teen years in Atlantic City and later turned his insatiable love of food in to an unforgettable career as a food writer, died Monday in Chicago. He was 47. Ozersky moved to Atlantic City as a 12-year-old in 1979, when his father, the painter David Ozersky, got a job as a stage technician at Resorts Casino. He attended Atlantic City High School and Rutgers University."
  351. Monk, Cody. "New trend: 'The Body' politico", The Dallas Morning News, November 7, 1998. Accessed June 2, 2011. "What's next? Hollywood Hulk Hogan as mayor of Los Angeles? King Kong Bundy, whose hometown is Atlantic City, as governor of New Jersey?"
  352. Staff. "Joseph B. Perskie, Ex-Associate Justice Of New Jersey Supreme Court, Dies at 71", The New York Times, May 30, 1957. Accessed July 5, 2016. "A native of Alliance, Mr. Perskie came to the resort area at the age of 11. He attended public schools here and was graduated from Atlantic City High School in 1904 and Pennsylvania Law School in 1907."
  353. Willis, John; and Monush, Barry. Screen World 2007. p. 417. Hal Leonard Corporation, 2010. ISBN 9781557837295. Accessed January 13, 2017. "Jeremy Slate, 80, Atlantic City-born screen and television actor died in Los Angeles, CA, of complications after surgery for cancer of the esophagus, on November 19, 2006."
  354. Wakin, Daniel J. "Alfredo Silipigni, 74, Who Founded An Opera Company", The New York Times, March 29, 2006. Accessed June 2, 2011. "Alfredo Silipigni was born in Atlantic City on April 9, 1931, a son of Italian immigrants. He attended the Westminster Choir College in Princeton and the Juilliard School."
  355. via Associated Press. "George Smathers: 1913 – 2007; Ex-senator fought on many fronts; Dapper lawmaker from Florida focused on communism, Latin America", Chicago Tribune, January 21, 2007. Accessed June 2, 2011. "Mr. [George Armistead Smathers] was born on Nov. 13, 1913, in Atlantic City, N.J. His father was a federal judge; his uncle was a U.S. senator. His family moved to Miami when he was 6."
  356. Honoring the Life of Dave Thomas Archived July 1, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Senator Carl Levin, Congressional Record 107th Congress Second Session Wednesday, January 23, 2002. Accessed June 23, 2007. "Rex David 'Dave' Thomas was born on July 2, 1932, in Atlantic City, NJ, and was adopted soon afterward by Rex and Auleva Thomas, who lived in Kalamazoo, MI."
  357. Assembly Member James 'Jim' Whelan, Project Vote Smart. Accessed August 8, 2007.
  358. Fox, Margalit. "N. Joseph Woodland, Inventor of the Bar Code, Dies at 91", The New York Times, December 12, 2012. Accessed December 12, 2012. "Norman Joseph Woodland was born in Atlantic City on Sept. 6, 1921."
  359. Kutner, C. Jerry. "Albert Zugsmith's Opium Dreams: Confessions of an Opium Eater", Bright Lights Film Journal, November 1, 1997. Accessed July 27, 2017. "Albert Zugsmith was born on April 24, 1910, in Atlantic City, New Jersey, and educated at the University of Virginia."

Further reading
  • Johnson, Nelson. Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times, and Corruption of Atlantic City (2010); Popular history tied to TV series
  • Simon, Bryant. Boardwalk of Dreams: Atlantic City and the Fate of Urban America (2004); Scholarly study
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