Amendeuix-Oneix

Amendeuix-Oneix (Basque: Amendüze-Unaso) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in southwestern France.

Amendeuix-Oneix

Amendüze-Unaso
Commune
The road into Amendeuix
Coat of arms
Location of Amendeuix-Oneix
Amendeuix-Oneix
Amendeuix-Oneix
Coordinates: 43°21′17″N 1°02′34″W
CountryFrance
RegionNouvelle-Aquitaine
DepartmentPyrénées-Atlantiques
ArrondissementBayonne
CantonPays de Bidache, Amikuze et Ostibarre
IntercommunalityPays Basque
Government
 • Mayor (2014-2020) Arnaud Mandagaran
Area
1
7.66 km2 (2.96 sq mi)
Population
 (2017-01-01)[1]
448
 • Density58/km2 (150/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
64018 /64120
Elevation32–168 m (105–551 ft)
(avg. 60 m or 200 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Amendüztar.[2][3]

Geography
Houses in Amedeuix-Oneix

Amendeuix-Oneix is located some 50 km east by south-east of Bayonne and 40 km south-west of Orthez in the Mixe country in the former Basque province of Lower Navarre. The village can be accessed by the D124 road from Garris in the west passing northeast to the village then continuing north to join the D29. The D11 road also passes through the south of the commune from Garris to Saint-Palais. The small D511 road links the D11 to the D124 within the commune.[4]

Hydrography

Located in the Drainage divide of the Adour, the northern part of the eastern border of the commune is the Bidouze which flows north to join the Adour west of Peyrehorade. The southern part of the eastern border consists of the Joyeuse with many tributaries rising in the commune including the Algueruko erreka, the Sallarteko erreka, and the Soubiaga erreka. The Aitzeguerris rises just south of the village and flows into the Bidouze.

Localities and hamlets[5]
  • Amendeuix
  • Arkausia
  • Arlania
  • Arrosteguia
  • Autrichia
  • Berhabia
  • Bidainia
  • Bordaberria
  • Candelenia
  • Errecartia
  • Etcheberria
  • Etchetto
  • Eyheraetcheberry
  • Gaponteguia
  • Goitia
  • Guillenteguia
  • Hiriberry
  • Inchaursague
  • Iribarnia
  • Jauberria
  • Jauhenia
  • Landaçaharia
  • Larregoyen
  • Lauhiteya
  • Mantunia
  • Oneix
  • Oyhamburia
  • Peco-Berthoua
  • Postateya
  • Sabrenia
  • Salla
  • Vivienborda

Toponymy

The current Basque name is Amendüze-Unaso.[6] Jean-Baptiste Orpustan[7] suggested that Oneix means the 'place of abundant hills'. Brigitte Jobbé-Duval[2] however suggested that Oneix came from the Basque Unanu which means the Asphodelus (plant) and signifies a "place where the asphodelus is abundant. She also suggested that the origin of Amendeuix was Aquitane-Roman to designate a noble domain.

The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.

NameSpellingDateSourcePageOriginDescription
AmendeuixSanctus Joannes de Mindus1160OrpustanVillage
Amindux1316Orpustan
Aminduch1350Orpustan
Aminduz1413Orpustan
Mendux1413Orpustan
Sent-Johan de Mendux1472Raymond
5
Notaries
Armendux1513Raymond
5
Pamplona
Amenduxs1600Raymond
5
Pau
Amendux1621Raymond
5
Biscay
OneixSanctus Petrus de Onas1160OrpustanVillage
Onnaçu1249Orpustan
Oneyx1316Orpustan
Honeis1350Orpustan
Onasso1394Orpustan
Onex1472Raymond
125
Notaries
Onecx1513Raymond
125
Pamplona
Oniz1621Raymond
125
Biscay
Onazo1863Raymond
125
Basque
HiriberryHiriberry1863Raymond
78
Hamlet
JauréguyJauréguy1863Raymond
85
Fief, Vassal of the Kingdom of Navarre
LanevieilleLa noble salle de Lanevielhe d'Amenduxs1600Raymond
91
PauFief, Vassal of the Kingdom of Navarre
Lanavieja1621Raymond
92
Biscay
Lanevieille1863Raymond
91
SallaLa Salle1863Raymond
154
Fief, Vassal of the Kingdom of Navarre

Sources:

Origins:

History

In the 16th century (1594), evidence of witchcraft was reported by an admonition to the States of Navarre by the Prosecutor of Mixe (together with those of Arberoue, Ostabaret, Irissarry, Ossès, Baigorri, and La Bastide-Clairence), who complained of a lack of prosecution and requesting that each town or district of Lower Navarre elect "two men of good character who are not suspects to find and punish the perpetrators of these crimes of witchcraft, apostasy, and magic: to be joined with the people of Roy and all at the expense of those convicted or, in case of insolvency, to those countries and places which will be instructed". Part of this admonition followed a request from the inhabitants of Amendeuix dating from 1587 who claimed to have been victims of "spells that were manifested mainly by evil barking".[14]

The village of Oneix joined with Amendeuix to form the commune of Amendeuix-Oneix on 27 August 1846.

Heraldry
Arms of Amendeuix-Oneix
 Blazon:

Quarterly, 1 and 4 of Or with an Oak vert debruised by a boar of sable at the foot of the tree; at 2 and 3 party per fesse wavy of argent and azure.

Administration
The Town Hall

List of Successive Mayors[15]

FromToNamePartyPosition
18371846Jean Longy
18461848Jean-Paul Larregoyen
18481871Jean Longy
18711873Franck d'Andurain
18731884Gabriel Longy
18841885Rémy Etcheto
18851909Gabriel Longy
19091912M Sabalette
19121938Jean-Pierre Longy
19381945Auguste de Castelbajac
19591974Léon Longy
19952001Arnaud Mandagaran
20012014Armel Pierre Drouilhet

(Not all data is known)

Inter-Communality

The commune belongs to seven inter-communal structures:

  • the community of communes of Amikuze
  • the AEP Association for Mixe country
  • the sanitation association for Saint-Palais - Luxe-Sumberraute
  • the association for school buses of Amendeuix-Oneix and Gabat
  • the energy association for Pyrénées-Atlantiques;
  • the inter-communal association for the operation of schools in Amikuze
  • the association to support Basque culture

Demography

In 1350 nine fires were reported in Oneix and 15-18 in Amendeuix.[16]

The fiscal census of 1412-1413,[17] made[18] on the orders of Charles III of Navarre, compared with that of 1551 men and weapons that are in this kingdom of Navarre this side of the ports,[19] reveals a demography with strong growth. The first census indicated the presence of 13 fires in Amendeuix with the second showing 40 (33 + 7 secondary fires). The same census reported 8 fires in Oneix in 1412-1413 against 17 (14 + 3 secondary fires) in 1551.

The census of the population of Lower Navarre in 1695[20] counted 63 fires at Amendeuix and 20 at Oneix.

In 2009 the commune had 407 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known through the population censuses conducted in the commune since 1793. From the 21st century, a census of communes with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants is held every five years, unlike larger towns that have a sample survey every year.[Note 1]

Population change (See database)
1793 1800 1806 1821 1831 1836 1841 1846 1851
341 406 416 409 446 460 290 424 412
1856 1861 1866 1872 1876 1881 1886 1891 1896
389 372 376 391 353 363 385 335 336
1901 1906 1911 1921 1926 1931 1936 1946 1954
342 361 360 352 321 336 295 297 294
1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2006 2009 -
286 289 329 327 381 367 - 407 -
Population of Amendeuix-Oneix

From 1793 to 1841 the population includes Oneix although it was still a separate commune at that time.

Economy

The commune is part of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) zone of Ossau-iraty.

Culture and Heritage

Languages

According to the Map of the Seven Basque Provinces published in 1863 by Prince Louis-Lucien Bonaparte the dialect of Basque spoken in Amendeuix-Oneix is eastern low Navarrese.

Religious heritage
The Church of Saint John the Baptist at Amendeuix
The Church of Saint Peter at Oneix

Two churches in the commune are registered as historical monuments:

  • The Church of Saint Peter (1787)[21] at Oneix.
  • The Church of Saint John the Baptist (1903)[22] at Amendeuix.

Amenities

Education

The commune has a kindergarten.

Amendeuix, Gabat, Ilharre, and Labets-Biscay have partnered to create an inter-educational grouping (RPI[23]).

See also

Notes
  1. At the beginning of the 21st century, the methods of identification have been modified by law No. 2002-276 of 27 February 2002 Archived 2016-03-06 at the Wayback Machine, the so-called "law of local democracy" and in particular Title V "census operations" which allow, after a transitional period running from 2004 to 2008, the annual publication of the legal population of the different French administrative districts. For communes with a population greater than 10,000 inhabitants, a sample survey is conducted annually, the entire territory of these communes is taken into account at the end of the period of five years. The first "legal population" after 1999 under this new law came into force on 1 January 2009 and was based on the census of 2006.

References
  1. "Populations légales 2017". INSEE. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
  2. Brigitte Jobbé-Duval, Dictionary of place-names - Pyrénées-Atlantiques, 2009, Archives and Culture, ISBN 978-2-35077-151-9 (in French)
  3. Euskaltzaindia - Academy of the Basque Language
  4. Google Maps
  5. Géoportail, IGN (in French)
  6. Euskaltzaindia - Academy of the Basque language (in French)
  7. Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, New Basque Toponymy, Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 2006, 246 pages, ISBN 2 86781 396 4 (in French)
  8. Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011 (in French)
  9. Cassini Map 1750 – Amendeuix-Oneix
  10. Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in French)
  11. Titles published by don José Yanguas y Miranda (in Spanish)
  12. Titles of the Chamber of the Counts of Pau in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in French)
  13. Derecho de naturaleza que la merindad de San-Juan-del-pie-del-puerto, una de las seys de Navarra, tiene en Castilla, 1622 (in Spanish)
  14. Philippe Veyrin, The Basques, Arthaud, 1975, ISBN 2 7003 0038 6, p. 248. (in French)
  15. List of Mayors of France
  16. Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, Collective work, Amikuze-Mixe Country, Éditions Izpegi, 1992, ISBN 2 909262 05 7, p. 77 (in French)
  17. Census cited by Manex Goyhenetche in General History of Basque Country - Vol. 3, Elkarlanean, 2001, ISBN 2 9131 5634 7, p. 26. (in French). The same work by Manex Goyhenetche indicated on page 284 that there was an average of 5.5 people per fire.
  18. Transcribed and published by Ricardo Cierbide, Censos de población de la Baja Navarra, Max Niemeyer Verlag, Tübingen, 1993
  19. Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, E 575, transcribed by Louis Baratchart in The Friends of Old Navarre, January 1995, pages 44-54 (in French)
  20. Bibliothèque nationale, 6956, Moreau Register 979, cited by Manex Goyhenetche in Gewneral History of Basque Country - Vol. 3, Elkarlanean, 2001, ISBN 2 9131 5634 7, page 299 (in French)
  21. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64000681 Church of Saint Peter (in French)
  22. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64000680 Church of Saint John the Baptist (in French)
  23. RPI website (in French)
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