Wadena County, Minnesota

Wadena County (/wəˈdiːnə/ wə-DEEN-ə) is a county in the East Central part of the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 13,843.[1] Its county seat is Wadena.[2] It is the poorest county in Minnesota, and one of the poorest in the United States.[3]

Wadena County Fairgrounds
The grandstands at the Wadena County Fairgrounds
Wadena County
U.S. county
Location within the U.S. state of Minnesota
Minnesota's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 46°35′N 94°58′W
Country United States
State Minnesota
FoundedJune 11, 1858 (created)
February 21, 1873 (organized)
Named forA trading post
SeatWadena
Largest cityWadena
Area
 • Total543 sq mi (1,410 km2)
 • Land536 sq mi (1,390 km2)
 • Water7.0 sq mi (18 km2)  1.3%%
Population
 (2010)
 • Total13,843
 • Estimate 
(2019)
13,682
 • Density25.5/sq mi (9.8/km2)
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district8th
Websitewww.co.wadena.mn.us

History

The newly organized Minnesota Legislature created the county on June 11, 1858. A settlement began at the future city of Wadena in 1871,[4] and by 1873 a post office was in operation there.[5] The settlement was designated the county seat when the state legislature organized the county on February 21, 1873. The town took the name of a trading post 15 miles (24 km) to the east, which had flourished for several years but was largely abandoned by that time. The trading post was named for Chief Wadena, an Ojibwe Indian chief of the late 19th century in northwestern Minnesota.[6]

Wadena County comprises 15 townships, first surveyed in 1863. Each township is six miles square and contains 36 sections of land (with the exception of Bullard and Thomastown, which have a slightly different configuration because their boundaries are aligned with the Leaf and Crow Wing Rivers, respectively). In 1857 Augustus Aspinwall laid out a town site in what is now Section 15, Thomastown township, at the junction of the Crow Wing and Partridge rivers, and named it Wadena. When the railroad went through the area in 1872 it ran about three miles south of this site and the town quickly withered away.

During the last part of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th, there were two railroads in the county. The Northern Pacific main line running east to west through Wadena was built in 1872, while the Great Northern branch or "K" line which ran from Sauk Centre to Bemidji, via Sebeka and Menahga, was completed in 1891. The line from Park Rapids to Long Prairie was abandoned in 1984 while the rest was abandoned in the early 1970s with the northern section from Park Rapids to Cass Lake since converted to the Heartland Trail.

Wadena used to be served by the Greyhound Bus Line, Elliott Bros. Transportation Co., Northwest Transportation Co., Red Bus Line, Gray Bus Line, Liederbach Bus Co. and Mercury Bus line.

There are four historical societies in the county, including the Wadena County Historical Society, the Verndale Historical Society, the Sebeka Finnish American Historical Society and the Menahga Historical Society.

In 2010 there were four organized school districts in the county: Wadena, Verndale, Sebeka and Menahga. In 1906 there were 52 school districts in the county, most of which were rural schools.

Sebeka once had Minnesota's second-largest creamery. Over the years there have been approximately ten creameries in the county and ten cheese factories.[7]

Geography

The Crow Wing River flows south through the east-central part of the county and forms the lower part of the county's eastern border as it turns to flow southeast. The Partridge River flows east through the southern part of the county, discharging into the Crow Wing in the county's southeast corner. The Leaf River flows east through the central part of the county, discharging into the Crow Wing in the county's eastern portion. The county terrain consists of low rolling hills, carved by drainages, devoted to agriculture wherever possible.[8] The terrain slopes to the east and south, with its highest point near its northwest corner, at 1,460' (445m) ASL.[9] The county has a total area of 543 square miles (1,410 km2), of which 536 square miles (1,390 km2) is land and 7.0 square miles (18 km2) (1.3%) is water.[10] Wadena is one of 17 Minnesota counties with more savanna soils than prairie or forest soils.

Soils of Wadena County[11]

Major highways

Airports[8]

Adjacent counties

Protected areas[8]

Lakes[8]
  • Bill Lake
  • Blueberry Lake
  • Burgen Lake
  • Duck Lake (part)
  • Finn Lake
  • Granning Lake
  • Jim Cook Lake
  • Lily Lake
  • Lovejoy Lake
  • Lower Twin Lake
  • Mud Lake
  • Radabaugh Lake
  • Rice Lake
  • Round Lake
  • Simon Lake
  • Spirit Lake
  • Stocking Lake
  • Strike Lake]
  • Thomas Lake
  • Upper Twin Lake (part)
  • Yaeger Lake

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
18706—
18802,08034,566.7%
18904,05895.1%
19007,92195.2%
19108,6529.2%
192010,69923.7%
193010,9902.7%
194012,77216.2%
195012,8060.3%
196012,199−4.7%
197012,4121.7%
198014,19214.3%
199013,154−7.3%
200013,7134.2%
201013,8430.9%
Est. 201913,682[12]−1.2%
US Decennial Census[13]
1790-1960[14] 1900-1990[15]
1990-2000[16] 2010-2019[1]
Age pyramid of county residents based on 2000 census data

2000 census

As of the 2000 United States Census, there were 13,713 people, 5,426 households, and 3,608 families in the county. The population density was 25.6/sqmi (9.88/km²). There were 6,334 housing units at an average density of 11.8/sqmi (4.56/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 97.89% White, 0.48% Black or African American, 0.55% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.27% from other races, and 0.59% from two or more races. 0.93% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 37.5% were of German, 14.0% Norwegian, 12.5% Finnish, 9.0% United States or American and 5.3% Swedish ancestry.

There were 5,426 households out of which 30.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.30% were married couples living together, 7.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.50% were non-families. 29.20% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.02.

The county population contained 25.80% under the age of 18, 8.10% from 18 to 24, 23.60% from 25 to 44, 22.60% from 45 to 64, and 19.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 97.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.90 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $30,651, and the median income for a family was $38,618. Males had a median income of $28,424 versus $21,027 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,146. About 9.70% of families and 14.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.40% of those under age 18 and 12.60% of those age 65 or over. Wadena County is known as the poorest county in Minnesota.

Communities

Cities

Unincorporated communities

Ghost towns

Townships

Government and Politics

Wadena County voters have traditionally voted Republican. In only one national election since 1964 has the county selected the Democratic Party candidate (as of 2016).

Presidential election results
Presidential elections results[17]
Year Republican Democratic Third parties
2016 69.8% 4,837 24.3% 1,684 6.0% 413
2012 61.0% 4,143 36.7% 2,492 2.3% 156
2008 57.6% 4,128 40.2% 2,882 2.2% 159
2004 59.4% 4,214 39.4% 2,791 1.2% 88
2000 58.5% 3,733 35.3% 2,251 6.2% 398
1996 44.6% 2,696 41.1% 2,480 14.3% 864
1992 39.0% 2,492 36.6% 2,340 24.5% 1,566
1988 59.3% 3,733 39.4% 2,484 1.3% 82
1984 63.4% 4,306 36.1% 2,454 0.5% 32
1980 57.6% 4,089 37.1% 2,635 5.3% 379
1976 47.5% 3,048 49.3% 3,164 3.3% 212
1972 57.1% 3,408 40.7% 2,430 2.3% 136
1968 54.1% 2,912 40.8% 2,198 5.1% 276
1964 45.3% 2,418 54.5% 2,908 0.2% 8
1960 57.8% 3,082 42.0% 2,240 0.1% 7
1956 63.5% 3,028 36.4% 1,733 0.1% 6
1952 68.5% 3,662 31.2% 1,665 0.3% 16
1948 46.2% 2,272 52.0% 2,556 1.8% 89
1944 58.5% 2,653 41.2% 1,868 0.4% 16
1940 54.3% 2,898 45.0% 2,405 0.7% 37
1936 40.8% 1,898 56.0% 2,605 3.1% 146
1932 39.3% 1,585 57.1% 2,300 3.6% 145
1928 64.1% 2,592 33.2% 1,343 2.7% 109
1924 54.8% 1,900 5.3% 182 39.9% 1,383
1920 75.6% 2,635 14.4% 503 10.0% 349
1916 54.3% 938 37.7% 651 8.0% 138
1912 20.9% 278 25.3% 336 53.8% 716
1908 63.6% 991 30.0% 467 6.5% 101
1904 82.6% 1,159 13.5% 190 3.9% 55
1900 65.7% 949 31.0% 448 3.3% 48
1896 60.7% 874 37.1% 534 2.3% 33
1892 45.4% 454 33.2% 332 21.5% 215
County Board of Commissioners[18]
Position Name District
Commissioner Sheldon Monson District 1
Commissioner and Vice Chair Jim Hofer District 2
Commissioner Bill Stearns District 3
Commissioner and Chairperson Chuck Horsager District 4
Commissioner John Kangas District 5
State Legislature (2018-2020)
Position Name Affiliation District
  Senate Paul Utke[19] Republican District 2
  Senate Paul Gazelka[20] Republican District 9
  House of Representatives Steve Green[21] Republican District 2B
  House of Representatives John Poston[22] Republican District 9A
U.S Congress (2018-2020)
Position Name Affiliation District
  House of Representatives Pete Stauber[23] Republican 8th
  Senate Amy Klobuchar[24] Democrat N/A
  Senate Tina Smith[25] Democrat N/A
gollark: The base GPT-2 models can do that. So if they finetuned one and didn't accidentally erase all its previous knowledge, it should also do that.
gollark: Generally they can manage to use basically-correct grammar and spelling, even if the semantics are wrong.
gollark: The bot doesn't actually display the coherence you'd expect from a GPT-2-based thing, so I'm not sure how much it's actually being used.
gollark: Can't wait for ceramic AGI.
gollark: I mean, GPT-2 just gives a probability distribution over the next token in some text, so it could totally be done. I just have no idea how you'd make it work nicely.

See also

References
  1. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on September 19, 2013. Retrieved September 1, 2013.
  2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. Legg, Tom; Nguyen, Ngoc (Jenny) (2015). "WIDENING INEQUALITY IN MINNESOTA: A COUNTY-BY-COUNTY ANALYSIS". Missing or empty |url= (help)
  4. Upham, Warren (1920). Minnesota Geographic Names: Their Origin and Historic Significance. Minnesota Historical Society. p. 562.
  5. "Wadena County". Jim Forte Postal History. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
  6. "Wadena's Namesake". Wadena County Historical Society. Retrieved July 14, 2011.
  7. Wadena County Historical Society
  8. Wadena County MN Google Maps (accessed 21 April 2019)
  9. "Find an Altitude/Wadena County MN" Google Maps (accessed 21 April 2019)
  10. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". US Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.
  11. Nelson, Steven (2011). Savanna Soils of Minnesota. Minnesota: Self. pp. 53-56. ISBN 978-0-615-50320-2.
  12. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved March 26, 2020.
  13. "US Decennial Census". US Census Bureau. Retrieved October 25, 2014.
  14. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved October 25, 2014.
  15. "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". US Census Bureau. Retrieved October 25, 2014.
  16. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). US Census Bureau. Retrieved October 25, 2014.
  17. Leip, David. "Atlas of US Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved April 9, 2018.
  18. "Commissioner Districts | Wadena County, MN - Official Website". www.co.wadena.mn.us. Retrieved 2020-06-26.
  19. "MN State Senate". www.senate.mn. Retrieved 2020-06-26.
  20. "MN State Senate". www.senate.mn. Retrieved 2020-06-26.
  21. "Rep. Steve Green (02B) - Minnesota House of Representatives". www.house.leg.state.mn.us. Retrieved 2020-06-26.
  22. "Rep. John Poston (09A) - Minnesota House of Representatives". www.house.leg.state.mn.us. Retrieved 2020-06-26.
  23. "Representative Pete Stauber". Representative Pete Stauber. Retrieved 2020-06-26.
  24. "U.S. Senator Amy Klobuchar". www.klobuchar.senate.gov. Retrieved 2020-06-24.
  25. "Home". Senator Tina Smith. Retrieved 2020-06-24.

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