Transvaal Scottish Regiment

The Transvaal Scottish Regiment (Solomon Mahlangu Regiment) is an infantry regiment of the South African Army. As a reserve unit, it has a status roughly equivalent to that of a British Army Reserve or United States Army National Guard unit.

The Transvaal Scottish
SANDF Transvaal Scottish emblem
Active	1902 to present
Country	South Africa
Allegiance	Republic of South Africa  Union of South Africa (formerly)
Branch	South African Army South African Defence Force (formerly)
Type	Line infantry
Role	Motorised infantry
Size	One battalion
Part of	South African Infantry Formation Army Conventional Reserve
Garrison/HQ	The View, Parktown Johannesburg
Motto(s)	Alba nam Buadh (Scotland, Home of the Virtues)
March	The Atholl Highlanders
Battle honours	Awarded Natal 1906 South West Africa 1914 - 1915 East Africa 1940-41 El Wak The Juba Yonte Diredawa Combolcia Amba Alagi Western Desert 1941-43 Sollum Sidi Rezegh Gazala Alem Hamza Acroma Keep Alamein Defence Mega El Alamein Not Awarded Egypt 1916 Somme 1916 Delville Wood Arras Ypres 1917 Menin Road Messines 1918 Hindenburg Line Cambrai 1918 Pursuit to Mons France and Flanders 1918 Le Transloy Scarpe 1917 Kemmel Lys
Commanders
Current commander	Lt Col D.D. Smythe JCD[1]
Insignia
Company level Insignia
SA Motorised Infantry beret bar circa 1992	SA Motorised Infantry beret bar

History

Origin

John Murray, Marquis of Tullibardine, who later became the 7th Duke of Atholl, established the regiment after the conclusion of the Second Anglo-Boer War in 1902. Its initial membership consisted of volunteers from Scottish units that had fought in the war who chose to demobilise and remain in the colony. The new unit wore his family tartan and took the form of an oversized battalion with companies in a number of major Transvaal towns.

Bambatha Rebellion

The unit first saw service during the Bambatha Rebellion. "C" company of the Natal Rangers was recruited from men of the Transvaal Scottish Regiment (then called the Transvaal Scottish Volunteers).

Maritz Rebellion

In 1914 during the Maritz Rebellion, when men who supported the recreation of a Boer South African Republic rose up against the newly created government of the Union of South Africa, the Regiment was called up once again and saw action suffering one casualty.

World War One

German South West Africa

After the official outbreak of the First World War the Transvaal Scottish took part in the invasion of German South West Africa as part of the South-West Africa Campaign in late 1914 with a second battalion (2nd Transvaal Scottish) being raised for the campaign.

Their most serious encounter with German Forces took place near Trekkoppies when a superior German Force attacked 2nd Battalion. They suffered their first casualties of the war with 2 killed and 13 wounded. After the conquest of German South West Africa the 2nd Battalion was disbanded, while 1 Transvaal Scottish spent the remainder of the war in reserve.[2]

Western Front

To join British Imperial Forces for the war in Europe, 4th South African Infantry Regiment was raised (also known as the South African Scottish) because the 1912 Defence Act restricted the Active Citizen Force from operating outside of South Africa. This was a kilted unit wearing the Murray of Atholl tartan and two companies were drawn from members of the Transvaal Scottish.

After a short campaign in North Africa against a Turkish attack on the Suez Canal in 1915, the SA Scottish were sent to France. Here they took part in the Battle of Delville Wood as part of the Battle of the Somme in 1916. In the days between 15 July and 19 July the total casualty rate was at 74 percent of those who had gone into action. By the end of July the South African Scottish suffered 868 casualties. The final German forces were driven from Delville Wood after an Allied assault on 3 September 1916. After Delville Wood the shattered SA Scottish were reformed and served on the Western front, in particular at Vimy Ridge, the Somme, the Battle of Passchendaele, Marrieres Wood and the Battle of Messines. During its time on the Western Front, the South African Brigade and its Scottish heritage 4th Battalion, first served a lengthy stint with the British 9th (Scottish) Division, and following the Brigade's decimation in March 1918, was reconstituted and incorporated in September into the 66th (2nd East Lancashire) Division until the end of the war.[3]

East African Campaign

Other members of the Transvaal Scottish saw service in the Scottish company of the 9th SA Infantry ACF in the East African Campaign. After the conclusion of hostilities at the end of World War I members of the Regiment returned home and after demobilisation, continued with their civilian lives.

Inter-war Period

The Transvaal Scottish Regiment was once again called up in 1922 to help maintain law and order and quell the armed uprising of miners during the Rand Rebellion. In one encounter near Boksburg 12 members of the Transvaal Scottish, including an officer, were killed. The Regiment along with the Witwatersrand Rifles and the Royal Durban Light Infantry, cleared Fordsburg of the last rebels on 14 March 1922. By the end of the revolt another 5 had lost their lives and 60 had been wounded.

World War II

In 1936, 2 Battalion was raised once again in anticipation of World War II and when war finally broke out in 1939 a third battalion was formed.

The 1st Transvaal Scottish took part in the Allied offensive during the East African Campaign in order to take Italian East Africa (modern day Ethiopia and parts of Somalia). They engaged Italian forces in several engagement in Addis Ababa, Combolcia, Dessie and finally at their mountain fortress at Amba Alagi. The battalion was next sent to Egypt, to take part in the relief of Tobruk. In November 1941 the 1st Brigade, with which 1 Transvaal Scottish was serving, was attacked by a strong German force at Taib-el-Essemand, but successfully repulsed the attack.

In 1942 in the Battle of Gazala the 1st battalion defended against several attacks on the Gazala Line before joining the Eighth Army's retreat to the Alamein Line in Egypt, although a portion of the battalion was trapped and taken prisoner at Tobruk in June 1942. 1 Transvaal Scottish now joined the British Eight Army in the Second Battle of El Alamein where they halted the German assault on Egypt. Early in 1943 the battalion returned home to South Africa. There the unit was converted to armour, joining 1st SA Armoured Brigade.

In North Africa the 2nd Transvaal Scottish, together with two battalions consisting of members of the South African Police, served in the 6th South African Infantry Brigade. They assisted in the construction of the famous "Alamein Box". 6th South African Infantry Brigade attacked the fortified town of Sollum on 11 January 1942 as part of Operation Battleaxe and went on to fight in the battles of Bardia, Acroma Keep and Gazala. At Bardia, Sollum and Halfaya both German and Italian troops were forced to surrender to the Brigade. The majority of the battalion, along with the entire South African 2nd Division, was captured when the "fortress" of Tobruk fell at the end of the Battle of Gazala.[4]

3rd Transvaal Scottish took part in the East African Campaign in Ethiopia, in particular the three-day attack on Mega, Ethiopia. After this the battalion was sent to Egypt to take part in Operation Crusader, where it suffered heavy losses at the battle of Sidi Rezegh in November 1941. After Sidi Rezegh, 3rd Transvaal Scottish was temporarily disbanded. Over two hundred men from the Transvaal Scottish died in World War 2.[5]

Members of 3rd Transvaal Scottish who were captured in North Africa were shipped to occupied Europe. Some were on the merchant ship Sebastiano Veniero when the Royal Navy submarine HMS Porpoise sank her off the Greek coast in December 1941. Sebastiano Veniero's crew beached the ship at Methoni in the Peloponnese, where many of the PoWs took their chances to swim ashore. A 3rd Transvaal Scottish lance corporal, Bernard Friedlander, swam ashore with a rope, which took him 90 minutes. The rope was then used to haul a cable ashore, which was made fast on land and used by nearly 1,600 survivors to reach safety.[6] In July 1945 Friedlander was awarded the George Medal.[7] In 1947 King George VI toured South Africa, and at a ceremony in Johannesburg on 31 March personally decorated Friedlander with the medal.[6]

Post-war 1945-1974

All three battalions were reconstituted in 1946, with the 3rd battalion being converted to artillery as 7th Medium Regiment (3TS). This unit was disbanded in 1959 and many members were transferred back to the Transvaal Scottish. Earlier, in 1953, the 1st and 2nd battalions had been amalgamated, although in 1971 the 2nd Battalion Transvaal Scottish was once again revived.

South African Border War

Main article: South African Border War

After the Portuguese withdrew from Angola in 1975, Civil War broke out in the country and 1st Battalion Transvaal Scottish was deployed in southern Angola from South-West Africa. Later in the same year the 2nd Battalion deployed to the Caprivi Strip where they would eventually help develop a form of highly mobile counter-insurgency operations (COIN-ops) using Mine Protected Vehicles throughout the war.

In 1983, Company Sergeant-Major Trevor ("Porky") Wright was awarded the Honoris Crux after he distinguished himself when his isolated company base in north-western South-West Africa was attacked by heavily guerilla fighters. Wright personally firing a machine gun from the hip at one point and supervised ammunition replenishment throughout the course of the enemy attack. (A number of other members of the Company were awarded the CSADF medal for their brave and heroic actions, now known as the Military Merit Medal. One of these members 2lt Lance Houghton went on to command the 2 Battalion in 1992). Another event CSM Wright was involved in, occurred two years prior to the attack, was also brought into consideration for the commendation. Wright noticed a primed hand grenade which had been accidentally lobbed near his fellow troops during training and risked certain death when he picked up and hurled the grenade away. In 1984 a company led by Captain George Brownlow from 2 Transvaal Scottish achieved notable successes with the capture of two insurgents. Captain Brownlow was later awarded Southern Cross Medal. In the 1980s 2 Transvaal Scottish became the first Citizen Force unit to deploy on the borders with Botswana and Zimbabwe.

The Transvaal Scottish was assigned to command of 72 Brigade in this era.

SADF era Cap detail 72 Brigade Transvaal Scottish

The 1990s

Later in the early 1990s, when the negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa were taking place, 1st and 2nd Transvaal Scottish were assigned internal stability roles in townships where unrest and violence broke out.

The regiment's last major service was to remain on standby throughout the country's first fully democratic elections on 27 April 1994. The Transvaal Scottish had helped assure the peaceful transition to democracy, and with it, signalled their own willingness to build a new South Africa. During 1997 as a result of the rationalisation measures within the South African National Defence Force the 1st and 2nd Battalions of the Regiment were once again amalgamated.

SADF Transvaal Scottish Regiment 75 anniversary commemorative letter

In 1995 a 44-strong Transvaal Scottish party visited the battlefields of the Somme in France, their former Colonel-in-Chief, Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother, their allied regiment The Black Watch as well as the Atholl Highlanders and their clan chief, Iain Murray, 10th Duke of Atholl, at Blair Castle in Scotland. In the party was Lt. Bruce Murray and his brother, Cpl. Lord Murray, both relatives of the Duke of Atholl.

The 21st Century

On 4 August 2000, a regimental colour party took part in a parade in London to celebrate the one hundredth birthday of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother and in 2002 representatives of the regiment returned to London for the funeral of their former Colonel-in-Chief. In 2002 the Regiment celebrated 100 years of service with a colour parade at King Edward VII School in Parktown, Johannesburg.

Difficulties in obtaining the normal level of funding to carry on peacetime activities of recruitment and training saw a decline in the activities of the Regiment in the years immediately following 2002. Under the guidance of the current Commanding Officer of the Regiment, Lieutenant Colonel Don Smythe JCD, the Regiment has in recent years overcome a number of obstacles and is again fulfilling an active role within the South African National Defence Force. The Red Hackle, worn for over 70 years by soldiers of the Transvaal Scottish, is once again regaining its place of prominence on parades as well as on active service duties.

Since 2007 members of the Regiment have taken an active part in United Nations peace keeping operations in Burundi and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

"A" company of the Transvaal Scottish was deployed in 2010 to take part in the United Nations Mission in Sudan, while "B" Company was deployed to defend the country's borders.

Building on the hard work and success of the past few years the Regiment is currently in the process of raising and training "C" Company.[8]

The Regimental headquarters are now in The View, Parktown, originally the house of Sir Thomas Cullinan.

Name Change

In August 2019, 52 units of the Reserve Force had their names changed to reflect the current diversity of the current SANDF.[9]

This unit's name is planned to be changed to Solomon Mahlangu Regiment in honor of the activtist who joined the ranks of the uMkhonto we Sizwe in the mid-1970s.

Regimental symbols

• The regimental tartan is the "Murray of Atholl", except for the pipers who wear the "Murray of Tullibardine". Both tartans symbolise the regiment's connections to the Dukes of Atholl, and thus to the Atholl Highlanders. Since 1938, members have worn the red hackle on their khaki tam o'shanter as a symbol of the regiment's connection with the famous Black Watch Regiment. As part of their formal uniforms, officers and Warrant Officers Class I of the regiment carry Basket-hilted claymores instead of the more typical swords.
• The regimental badge depicts a Scottish thistle on a scroll bearing the motto Alba nam Buadh (Gaelic for "Well done, Scotland" or "Scotland, home of the virtues"). It is surrounded by a heraldic strap and buckle bearing the regiment's name, all on the Star of the Order of the Thistle.
• The regimental March is the "Atholl Highlanders".

Previous Dress Insignia

UDF era WW1 South African Scottish or 4th Infantry Regiment beret badge

During WW1 the Union Defence Force established the 4th Infantry Regiment which was unique in that it was the South African Scottish, raised from the Transvaal Scottish and the Cape Town Highlanders, and wearing the Atholl Murray tartan. This regiment's collar badges were identical to those of the Cape Town Highlanders but bore the Latin motto "Mors Lucrum Mihi" (Death is my reward) in place of the usual Cape Town Highlander wording. (Death is my Reward), was the family motto of the first Officer Commanding SA Scottish, a Lieutenant-Colonel F.A. Jones.

UDF and SADF era Transvaal Scottish insignia

Current Dress Insignia

SANDF era Infantry Formation insignia

Alliances

•  United Kingdom - Black Watch
•  Scotland - The Atholl Highlanders
•  United Kingdom - Fife and Forfar Yeomanry/Scottish Horse

Sister regiments

3 Battalion Transvaal Scottish was converted to 7 Medium Artillery Regiment and garrisoned in Benoni.

Battle honours

See also: List of South African Battle Honours

The Transvaal Scottish has the following battle honours on its regimental colours:

• Natal 1906
• South West Africa, 1914-1915
• East Africa (As part of the 1st Infantry Division and then later, as part of the independent 1st South African Infantry Brigade) 1940 - 1941
  • El Wak
  • The Juba
  • Yonte
  • Diredawa
  • Combolcia
  • Amba Alagi
• Western Desert (As part of the 1st Infantry Division) 1941-1943
  • Sollum
  • Sidi Rezegh
  • Gazala
  • Alem Hamza
  • Acroma Keep
  • Alamein Defence
  • Mega
  • El Alamein

Transvaal Scottish 2nd Battalion Battle Honours

In addition, the regiment (along with the Cape Town Highlanders Regiment) still claims fifteen "missing" battle honours awarded for service in France and Flanders to the 4th South African Infantry (South African Scottish) battalion; these include some of the most famous in South Africa's military history:

• Egypt 1916
• Somme 1916
• Delville Wood
• Arras 1917
• Ypres 1917
• Menin Road
• Messines 1918
• Hindenburg Line
• Cambrai 1918
• Pursuit to Mons
• France and Flanders 1918
• Le Transloy
• Scarpe 1917
• Kemmel
• Lys

Transvaal Scottish Pipes & Drums

The Transvaal Scottish Pipes and Drums is South Africa's premier Pipe Band. Formed in 1902, the band is one of South Africa’s most recognised and followed Pipe Bands.

Fondly known as the ‘Jocks’, the Transvaal Scottish Pipes and Drums have won the premier division of the South African championships on numerous previous occasions and, in 2019, were crowned the best pipe band in South Africa, the South African Champions and the Champion of Champions. Acknowledged, both locally and internationally, for the exceedingly high standards of their performances and for the quality and professionalism of their musicians, many of the band members are also national solo champions in their own right.

Consisting of pipers and drummers, the band is made up of students and professionals, coming together to develop and fine-tune their skills and to enjoy a hobby, based on a common passion for all things Celtic.

The drummers of the band proudly wear the Murray of Atholl tartan, the Regimental tartan, whilst the pipers wear Murray of Tullibardine tartan. The stirring Regimental March, Atholl Highlanders, continues to be played as part of the band’s repertoire and has become synonymous with the camaraderie the band exude. Traditionally, when the tune is heard, all Jocks (past and present) will stand to attention.

The Pipes and Drums are led by Pipe Major Craig Whitley and Drum Major and Leading Drummer Anthony Evans.[10][11]

Freedom of Entry

The unit exercised its freedom of entry into Johannesburg on 9 November 2013 as part of the centenary celebrations of the City of Johannesburg with fixed bayonets, colours flying and drums beating.

Leadership

Leadership

From	Colonel-In-Chief Transvaal Scottish Volunteers	To
1906	King Edward VII	1910
1910	John Stewart-Murray, 7th Duke of Atholl KT	1910
From	Colonel-In-Chief Transvaal Scottish	To
1907	John Stewart-Murray, 7th Duke of Atholl KT	1910
1931	Lt Genl. the Prince of Wales KG MC etc. later King Edward VIII	1936
1937	King George VI	1952
1956	Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother	1961
From	Colonel of the Regiment Transvaal Scottish Volunteers and Transvaal Scottish	To
1908	Col. Sir William Dalrymple KBE VD	1941
1943	Col. J.N. Mackenzie	1977
From	1 Transvaal Scottish	To
1973	Col. Ian Mackenzie DSO	6 August 2020
From	2 Transvaal Scottish	To
1973	Col. W.E. Dalrymple ED	1976
1977	Col. E.S. Thompson ED	6 August 2020
From	Commanding Officer Transvaal Scottish Volunteers	To
1902	Lt Col. Gordon Sandilands	1908
1908	Lt Col. H.C. Boyd	1909
1909	Lt Col. J. Dawson-Squibb DSO VD	1910
From	Commanding Officer Transvaal Scottish	To
1910	Lt Col. J. Dawson-Squibb DSO VD	1919
1920	Lt Col. D.M. MacCleod DSO MC DCM	1923
1923	Maj. R.T. Ford	1925
1925	Lt Col. C.S. Rendall VD	1929
1929	Lt Col. M.G. McCalgan DCM	1935
1935	Lt Col. D.F. Smitheman OBE ED	1936
1953	Cmdt. I.D. Klapka ED	1959
1959	Cmdt. R.S. Lawrence JCD	1963
1963	Cmdt. S.J. Whitford JCD	1970
From	Commanding Officer 1 Transvaal Scottish	To
1914	Lt Col. J. Dawson-Squibb DSO VD	1915
1936	Lt Col. D.F. Smitheman OBE ED	1940
1940	Lt Col. E.P. Hartsorn DSO DCM ED	1941
1941	Lt Col. N.B. Getliffe DSO ED	1941
1941	Lt Col. Olsen DSO ED	1942
1942	Lt Col J.C. Ferguson OBE ED	1943
1943	Lt Col. W.C.R. Hedding	1946
1946	Lt Col. Olsen DSO ED	1950
1950	Lt Col./Cmdt. D.N. Carpenter	1953
1971	Cmdt R.G. Poultney JCD	1977
1977	Cmdt. R.E. Wilmot	1977
1978	Cmdt G. Grigoratos JCD	1979
1979	Cmdt. J.B.R. Findlay JCD	1982
1982	Cmdt. R. Hammond	1986
1986	Cmdt. G. Bousfield	1990
1990	Cmdt G. Stevens MMM	1993
1993	Cmdt. T.P. Page	6 August 2020
From	Commanding Officer 2 Transvaal Scottish	To
1914	Lt Col. Gordon Sandilands	1914
1914	Lt Col. H.J. Kirkpatrick DSO	1915
1936	Lt Col. W.E. Dalrymple ED	1942
1942	Lt Col./Cmdt. E.S. Thompson ED	1951
1951	Cmdt. J. Connolly	1952
1953	Maj. H.A. Balme JCD (acting)	1953
1971	Cmdt S.J. Whitford JCD MMM	1971
1972	Cmdt. P. Middleton JCD	1975
1976	Cmdt L.F. Alexander JCD	1987
1987	Cmdt. A.J. Bekker	1992
1992	Cmdt L.W. Houghton MMM	6 August 2020
From	Commanding Officer 3 Transvaal Scottish	To
1939	Lt Col. W.H. Kirby MC	1941
1941	Maj. R.G. Rosser MC	1942
1942	Maj. R.J.Southey ED	1942
1946	Lt Col. Ferguson OBE ED	1947
1947	Lt Col./Cmdt. N.N. Webster JCD	1954
1954	Cmdt. S.P. Kirsten JCD	1955
1956	Cmdt. G.W. Comley	1960
From	Regimental Sergeant Major	To
From	Transvaal Scottish Volunteers	To
1902	WO1 D.M. Macleod DCM	1905
1905	WO1 J.H. Pearce	1908
1908	WO1 D.M. Macleod DCM	1910
From	Transvaal Scottish	To
1910	WO1 D.M. Macleod DCM	1912
1912	WO1 G.A. Adam	1914
1914	WO1 J. Lawson DCM	1915
1920	WO1 P. Keith MC DCM	1921
1921	WO1 D. Brown DCM	1925
1925	WO1 C.F. Morgan	1928
1928	WO1 W.D. Parsons	1939
1954	WO1 B.R. Cockcroft MC	1955
1955	WO1 J. Geddes	1956
1956	WO1 D.T. Hamilton	1957
1957	WO1 A.T. Blume JCD	1969
1969	WO1 H.J. van Staden JCD	1971
1988	WO1 S.L. Henderson	6 August 2020
From	1 Transvaal Scottish	To
1914	WO1 J. Lawson DCM	1915
1939	WO1 J.F. Hossel	1940
1940	WO1 H.W. Prescott	1941
1942	WO1 E. Stokes (acting)	1942
1941	WO1 R.W. Anderson	1944
1944	WO1 M. Kleiman	1945
1946	WO1 M.H. v W Klopper MM	1947
1947	WO1 J Geddes	1954
1971	WO1 W.V. Mülders JCD	1974
1974	WO1 N.G. Bennetts JCD	1988
From	2 Transvaal Scottish	To
1914	WO1 J. Cameron	1915
1936	WO1 B.R. Cockcroft OBE	1952
1971	WO1 H.J van Staden JCD	1979
1979	WO1 D.J.B. Horton JCD	1983
1983	WO1 H.J van Staden JCD	1984
1984	WO1 T. Wright HC MMM JCD	6 August 2020
From	3 Transvaal Scottish	To
1939	WO1 J.M. McCalman	1940
1940	WO1 J.R. Alexander	1941
1941	WO1 W.J. Cloete	1942
1946	WO1 J.F. Chabant	1948
1949	WO1 S.C. Lightening	1954
1953	WO1 C.A. Laker JCD	1960

References

1. "Transvaal Scottish (DOD)". www.army.mil.za. RSA Department of Defence. 13 December 2010. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
2. History of the Transvaal Scottish, by H. C. Juta, Johannesburg, Hortors, 1933
3. Saga of the Transvaal Scottish Regiment, ed. by C. Birkby, Cape Town, Howard Timmins, 1950
4. "Fact File:Transvaal Scottish". DefenceWeb. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
5. Kleynhans E.P. ARMOURED WARFARE, THE SOUTH AFRICAN EXPERIENCE IN EAST AFRICA, 1940-1941 Faculty of Military Science, Stellenbosch University, 2014
6. Lettens, Jan; de Neumann, Bernard (2 June 2013). "MV Sebastiano Veniero [+1941]". WreckSite. wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
7. "No. 37185". The London Gazette (2nd supplement). 20 July 1945. p. 3765.
8. "Transvaal Scottish" (PDF). www.rfdiv.mil.za. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
9. https://www.defenceweb.co.za/featured/new-reserve-force-unit-names/
10. Pipes & Drums
11. The Transvaal Scottish Pipes & Drums Republic of South Africa

Bibliography

• Mitchell, J.H. (1994). Tartan on the Veld - The Transvaal Scottish 1950-1993. Transvaal Scottish Regimental Council, Johannesburg.

External links

• Transvaal Scottish Regimental Association