George Medal

The George Medal (GM), instituted on 24 September 1940 by King George VI,[3] is a decoration of the United Kingdom and Commonwealth, awarded for gallantry "not in the face of the enemy" where the services were not so outstanding as to merit the George Cross.

George Medal
Obverse and reverse of the original medal, reflecting the then reigning monarch King George VI
Awarded by United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Commonwealth
Type	Civil decoration
Eligibility	Those performing acts of bravery in, or meriting recognition by, the United Kingdom
Awarded for	"... acts of great bravery"
Status	Currently awarded
Description	Silver disc, 36 mm diameter
Post-nominals	GM
Statistics
Established	24 September 1940 (1940-09-24)
Total awarded	Approx 2,122 About half awarded to civilians[1] 27 bars for second award
Order of Wear
Next (higher)	Conspicuous Gallantry Medal (Flying)[2]
Next (lower)	Queen's Police Medal, for Gallantry
Related	George Cross
Ribbon bar of the George Medal Ribbon of the GM and Bar

History

In 1940, during the height of the Blitz, there was a strong desire to reward the many acts of civilian courage. The existing awards open to civilians were not judged suitable to meet the new situation, therefore it was decided that the George Cross and the GM would be instituted to recognise both civilian gallantry in the face of enemy bombing and brave deeds more generally.[1]

Announcing the new awards, the King said:

In order that they should be worthily and promptly recognised, I have decided to create, at once, a new mark of honour for men and women in all walks of civilian life. I propose to give my name to this new distinction, which will consist of the George Cross, which will rank next to the Victoria Cross, and the George Medal for wider distribution.[4]

The warrant for the GM (along with that of the GC), dated 24 January 1941, was published in The London Gazette on 31 January 1941.[5]

Criteria

The medal is granted in recognition of "acts of great bravery".[6] The original warrant for the George Medal did not explicitly permit it to be awarded posthumously. This was changed in December 1977 to allow posthumous awards, several of which have been subsequently made.[7]

The medal is primarily a civilian award, but it may be awarded to military personnel for gallant conduct that is not in the face of the enemy.[8] As the warrant states:

The Medal is intended primarily for civilians and award in Our military services is to be confined to actions for which purely military Honours are not normally granted.[9]

Recipients are entitled to the post-nominal letters GM.[10]

Bars are awarded to the GM in recognition of the performance of further acts of bravery meriting the award. In undress uniform or on occasions when the medal ribbon alone is worn, a silver rosette is worn on the ribbon to indicate each bar.[11]

The details of all awards to British and Commonwealth recipients are published in The London Gazette. Approximately 2,122 medals have been awarded since its inception in 1940, with 27 second award bars.[1]

Description

The GM is a circular silver medal 36 mm (1.4 in) in diameter, with the ribbon suspended from a ring. It has the following design.[12]

The obverse depicts the crowned effigy of the reigning monarch. To date, there have been four types:

• 
  George VI, 1940 to 1948. Inscribed GEORGIVS VI D: G: BR: OMN: REX ET INDIAE IMP:
• 
  George VI, 1948 to 1952. Inscribed GEORGIVS VI DEI: GRA: BRITT: OMN: REX FID: DEF:
• 
  Elizabeth II, 1952 to late 1950s. Inscribed ELIZABETH II D: G: BR: OMN: REGINA F.D.
• 
  Elizabeth II, late 1950s to date. Inscribed ELIZABETH II DEI GRATIA REGINA F.D.

The reverse shows Saint George on horseback slaying the dragon on the coast of England, with the legend THE GEORGE MEDAL around the top edge of the medal.

The ribbon is 31.7 mm (1.25 in) wide, crimson with five narrow blue stripes. The blue colour is taken from the George Cross ribbon.[13] Worn on the left chest by men, women not in uniform wear the medal on the left shoulder, with the ribbon fashioned into a bow.[11][14]

The name of the recipient is engraved on the rim of the medal, although some Army awards have impressed naming.[12]

Recipients

Posthumous armorial achievement of Ignacio Echeverría embellished with his Grand Cross of the Order of Civil Merit (Spain), Silver Medal of the Order of Police Merit (Spain) and George Medal

Further information: List of recipients of the George Medal

The first recipients, listed in the London Gazette of 30 September 1940, were Chief Officer Ernest Herbert Harmer and Second Officer Cyril William Arthur Brown of the Dover Fire Brigade, and Section Officer Alexander Edmund Campbell of the Dover Auxiliary Fire Service, who on 29 July had volunteered to return to a ship loaded with explosives in Dover Harbour to fight fires aboard while an air raid was in progress.[15][16] Seven other people were also awarded the medal, including the first women; Ambulance Driver Dorothy Clarke and Ambulance Attendant Bessie Jane Hepburn of Aldeburgh, Suffolk, for rescuing a man badly injured in an explosion.[15]

The first recipient chronologically was Coxswain Robert Cross, commander of the RNLI lifeboat City of Bradford, based at Spurn Point, whose award was gazetted on 7 February 1941. It was awarded for an incident on 2 February 1940 when Cross took the lifeboat out in gale force winds, snowsqualls, and very rough seas to rescue the crew of a steam trawler.[17][13]

The youngest recipient was Charity Anne Bick, who lied about her age to join the ARP service at 14 years old, and who delivered several messages by bicycle during a heavy air raid in West Bromwich in late 1940.[18]

The first person to receive a second award was George Samuel Sewell, an engineer working for Shell-Mex and B.P. Ltd., based at the oil terminal at Salt End, near Hull, for his actions during an air raid. Having been one of the first recipients in September 1940,[15] his bar to the George Medal was gazetted on 4 July 1941.[13][19]

2015 was the 75th anniversary of the creation of the award and was marked with a ceremony in London.[20]

See also

• Orders and decorations of the Commonwealth realms

Notes

1. Medal Yearbook 2015, page 93
2. "No. 56878". The London Gazette (Supplement). 17 March 2003. p. 3352.
3. British Gallantry Medals (Abbott and Tamplin), p.138
4. "George Cross Database". Archived from the original on 14 May 2011.
5. "No. 35060". The London Gazette. 31 January 1941. pp. 623–624.
6. London Gazette, 31 January 1941 – Warrant, Fifth clause
7. "No. 47397". The London Gazette (Supplement). 5 December 1977. p. 15235.
8. Which could not therefore be recognised by a military decoration, that typically require gallantry in the face of the enemy.
9. The London Gazette, 31 January 1941 – Warrant, Second clause
10. The London Gazette, 31 January 1941 – Warrant, Ninth clause
11. London Gazette, 31 January 1941 – Warrant, Seventh clause
12. British Gallantry Medals (Abbott and Tamplin), p.146
13. "British Military & Criminal History, 1900-99". Stephen's Study Room. Archived from the original on 31 May 2007.
14. "George Medal awarded to Lance-Corporal Margaret Emma Richards, Auxiliary Territorial Service, 1948". National Army Museum. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
15. "No. 34956". The London Gazette (Supplement). 27 September 1940. p. 5768.
16. Sencicle, Lorraine (27 July 2013). "Dover Fire Service – Part II from 1939". The Dover Historian. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
17. "No. 35066". The London Gazette (Supplement). 4 February 1941. p. 742.
18. "No. 35074". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 February 1941. p. 870.
19. "No. 35210". The London Gazette (Supplement). 4 July 1941. pp. 3893–3894.
20. "75th anniversary of the George Cross and George Medal". BBC.

Bibliography

• Abbott, P. E.; Tamplin, J. M. A. (1981). British Gallantry Awards. London: Nimrod Dix and Co. ISBN 9780902633742.
• Dorling, H. Taprell, (1956), Ribbons and Medals, A. H. Baldwin & Son
• Duckers, Peter (2001). British Gallantry Awards 1855–2000. Princes Risborough, Buckinghamshire: Shire Publications. ISBN 9780747805168.
• Henderson, P. (1984). Dragons Can be Defeated: A Complete Record of the George Medal's Progress, 1940-83. London: Spink & Son Ltd. ISBN 978-0907605140.
• Mussell, John W. (ed.). The Medal Yearbook 2015. Devon, UK: Token Publishing. ISBN 9781908828248.
• McDermott, P. (2016). Acts of Courage, Register of The George Medal 1940-2015. Bromsgrove: Worcestershire Medal Service Ltd. ISBN 9780995553101.

External links

• New Zealand Defence Force – Medal information page
• Search recommendations for the George Medal on The UK National Archives' website
• British Military & Criminal History in the period 1900 to 1999 – George Medal