Toledo (Congress of Deputies constituency)

Toledo is one of the 52 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Congress of Deputies, the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency currently elects four deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Toledo. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and a closed-list proportional representation, with a minimum threshold of three percent.

For the Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha constituency, see Toledo (Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha constituency). For the Senate constituency, see Toledo (Senate constituency).
Toledo
Congress of Deputies
Electoral Constituency
Location of Toledo within Spain
ProvinceToledo
Autonomous communityCastilla–La Mancha
Population694,844 (2019)[1]
Electorate525,752 (Nov 2019)
Major settlementsTalavera de la Reina, Toledo
Current constituency
Created1977
Seats5 (1977–2008)
6 (2008–present)
Member(s)
  •      PSOE (2)
  •      PP (2)
  •      Vox (2)

Electoral system

The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Act 1977 and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Act provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Congress of Deputies,[2] with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978. Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales.[3]

Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprises all nationals over eighteen and in full enjoyment of their political rights. The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over twenty-one and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights. Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required for Spaniards abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish: Voto rogado).[4] 348 seats are elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with a threshold of three percent of valid votes—which includes blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Parties not reaching the threshold are not taken into consideration for seat distribution. Each provincial constituency is entitled to an initial minimum of two seats, with the remaining 248 being distributed in proportion to their populations. Ceuta and Melilla are allocated the two remaining seats, which are elected using plurality voting.[3][5][6] The use of the D'Hondt method may result in a higher effective threshold, depending on the district magnitude.[7]

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call—fifteen before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one-thousandth of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Also since 2011, parties, federations or coalitions that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.[5][6]

Deputies
Deputies 1977–present
Legislature Election Distribution
Constituent 1977
2 2 1
1st 1979
2 3
2nd 1982
3 2
3rd 1986
3 2
4th 1989
3 2
5th 1993
3 2
6th 1996
2 3
7th 2000
2 3
8th 2004
2 3
9th 2008
3 3
10th 2011
2 4
11th 2015
1 2 1 2
12th 2016
1 2 3
13th 2019 (Apr)
2 1 2 1
14th 2019 (Nov)
2 2 2

Elections

November 2019 general election
Summary of the 10 November 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Toledo
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 116,28231.99+0.86 2±0
People's Party (PP) 94,37825.97+4.02 2±0
Vox (Vox) 86,04923.67+6.81 2+1
United We Can (Podemos–IU) 34,8379.58–0.99 0±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 24,8716.84–10.72 0–1
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 2,6800.74–0.25 0±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 6610.18+0.04 0±0
Zero Cuts–Green Group–PCAS–TC (Recortes Cero–GV–PCAS–TC) 5560.15–0.03 0±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 2820.08New 0±0
Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) 2170.06New 0±0
Blank ballots 2,6610.73+0.10
Total 363,474 6±0
Valid votes 363,47498.60+0.08
Invalid votes 5,1451.40–0.08
Votes cast / turnout 368,61970.11–6.73
Abstentions 157,13329.89+6.73
Registered voters 525,752
Sources[8]

April 2019 general election
Summary of the 28 April 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Toledo
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 123,56131.13+4.54 2±0
People's Party (PP) 87,13421.95–21.46 2–1
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 69,67817.56+4.58 1+1
Vox (Vox) 66,92716.86+16.58 1+1
United We Can (Podemos–IU–Equo) 41,93410.57–4.12 0–1
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 3,9310.99+0.07 0±0
Zero Cuts–Green Group–PCAS–TC (Recortes Cero–GV–PCAS–TC) 7030.18+0.03 0±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 5590.14New 0±0
Blank ballots 2,4830.63+0.09
Total 396,910 6±0
Valid votes 396,91098.52–0.31
Invalid votes 5,9761.48+0.31
Votes cast / turnout 402,88676.84+5.08
Abstentions 121,44023.16–5.08
Registered voters 524,326
Sources[9]

2016 general election
Summary of the 26 June 2016 Congress of Deputies election results in Toledo
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 159,52143.41+4.64 3+1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 97,73326.59–1.16 2±0
United We Can (Podemos–IU–Equo)1 53,99414.69–2.48 1±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 47,70512.98–0.82 0–1
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 3,3860.92+0.13 0±0
Vox (Vox) 1,0130.28–0.11 0±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 6950.19–0.30 0±0
Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 5640.15–0.01 0±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 3340.09+0.01 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 3300.09New 0±0
The Phalanx (FE) 2540.07New 0±0
Blank ballots 1,9740.54–0.06
Total 367,503 6±0
Valid votes 367,50398.83+0.08
Invalid votes 4,3631.17–0.08
Votes cast / turnout 371,86671.76–3.48
Abstentions 146,34028.24+3.48
Registered voters 518,206
Sources[10]

2015 general election
Summary of the 20 December 2015 Congress of Deputies election results in Toledo
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 149,44238.77–18.50 2–2
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 106,98827.75–1.49 2±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 53,19913.80New 1+1
We Can (Podemos) 52,58713.64New 1+1
United Left–Popular Unity in Common (IU–UPeC) 13,5903.53–2.19 0±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 3,0390.79+0.41 0±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 1,9010.49–4.47 0±0
Vox (Vox) 1,5090.39New 0±0
Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 6120.16New 0±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 3060.08–0.08 0±0
Blank ballots 2,3250.60–0.55
Total 385,498 6±0
Valid votes 385,49898.75+0.34
Invalid votes 4,8811.25–0.34
Votes cast / turnout 390,37975.24–0.83
Abstentions 128,45924.76+0.83
Registered voters 518,838
Sources[11]

2011 general election
Summary of the 20 November 2011 Congress of Deputies election results in Toledo
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 220,47457.27+6.03 4+1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 112,56829.24–13.71 2–1
United Left of Castilla–La Mancha–The Greens: Plural Left (IUCLM–LV) 22,3735.81+2.85 0±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 19,0894.96+4.00 0±0
Equo (Equo) 2,1780.57New 0±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,4730.38New 0±0
Hartos.org (Hartos.org) 7890.20New 0±0
Union of Independent Citizens of Toledo (UCIT) 7850.20New 0±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 6290.16+0.11 0±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 1630.04New 0±0
Blank ballots 4,4221.15+0.37
Total 384,943 6±0
Valid votes 384,94398.41–0.85
Invalid votes 6,2111.59+0.85
Votes cast / turnout 391,15476.07–4.92
Abstentions 123,05423.93+4.92
Registered voters 514,208
Sources[12]

2008 general election
Summary of the 9 March 2008 Congress of Deputies election results in Toledo
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 201,16651.24+3.77 3±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 168,64942.95–3.55 3+1
United Left–Alternative (IU) 11,6262.96–0.56 0±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 3,7750.96New 0±0
The Greens–Green Group (LV–GV) 1,0040.26New 0±0
The Greens of Europe (LVdE) 7630.19New 0±0
Social Democratic Party (PSD) 3360.09New 0±0
Commoners' Land (TC) 2500.06–0.02 0±0
Citizens for Blank Votes (CenB) 2410.06–0.09 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 2270.06+0.01 0±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 2180.06New 0±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 2170.06New 0±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 2150.05–0.01 0±0
National Democracy (DN) 1620.04±0.00 0±0
Family and Life Party (PFyV) 1580.04–0.16 0±0
Spanish Alternative (AES) 1270.03New 0±0
Spanish Democratic Centre (CDEs) 1100.03New 0±0
Authentic Phalanx (FA) 880.02–0.01 0±0
National Alliance (AN) 790.02New 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 760.02–0.07 0±0
Spain 2000 (E–2000) 440.01New 0±0
Centrist Party (PCTR) 410.00New 0±0
Blank ballots 3,0580.78–0.60
Total 392,630 6+1
Valid votes 392,63099.26+0.12
Invalid votes 2,9290.74–0.12
Votes cast / turnout 395,55980.99+0.15
Abstentions 92,82919.01–0.15
Registered voters 488,388
Sources[13]

2004 general election
Summary of the 14 March 2004 Congress of Deputies election results in Toledo
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 171,32547.47–5.25 3±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 167,80746.50+6.25 2±0
United Left–Left of Castilla–La Mancha (IU–ICAM) 12,7073.52–1.05 0±0
Family and Life Party (PFyV) 7250.20New 0±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 5570.15+0.05 0±0
Citizens for Blank Votes (CenB) 5300.15New 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 3220.09–0.06 0±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC) 2840.08–0.03 0±0
Romantic Mutual Support Party (PMAR) 2730.08New 0±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 2080.06New 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)1 1930.05+0.01 0±0
The Phalanx (FE) 1650.05–0.01 0±0
Republican Left (IR) 1630.05New 0±0
National Democracy (DN) 1590.04New 0±0
Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) 1520.04New 0±0
Spanish Democratic Party (PADE) 1340.04–0.03 0±0
Authentic Phalanx (FA) 1140.03New 0±0
Republican Social Movement (MSR) 880.02New 0±0
Blank ballots 4,9981.38+0.28
Total 360,904 5±0
Valid votes 360,90499.14–0.05
Invalid votes 3,1420.86+0.05
Votes cast / turnout 364,04680.84+3.26
Abstentions 86,27619.16–3.26
Registered voters 450,322
Sources[14]

2000 general election
Summary of the 12 March 2000 Congress of Deputies election results in Toledo
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 173,37252.72+4.47 3±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party–Progressives (PSOE–p) 132,35840.25–1.52 2±0
United Left (IU) 15,0184.57–3.62 0±0
Liberal Independent Group (GIL) 1,5180.46New 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 4880.15+0.09 0±0
Natural Law Party (PLN) 4590.14New 0±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC) 3670.11+0.02 0±0
Centrist Union–Democratic and Social Centre (UC–CDS) 3180.10–0.20 0±0
Party of Self-employed, Retirees and Independents (EL–PAPI) 2770.08New 0±0
Party of Self-employed, Retirees and Widows (PAE) 2680.08New 0±0
Spanish Democratic Party (PADE) 2240.07New 0±0
The Phalanx (FE) 1990.06New 0±0
Spain 2000 Platform (ES2000) 1660.05New 0±0
Independent Spanish Phalanx–Phalanx 2000 (FEI–FE 2000) 1300.04New 0±0
Carlist Party (PC) 440.01New 0±0
Blank ballots 3,6241.10+0.30
Total 328,830 5±0
Valid votes 328,83099.19–0.14
Invalid votes 2,6990.81+0.14
Votes cast / turnout 331,52977.58–6.57
Abstentions 95,79722.42+6.57
Registered voters 427,326
Sources[15]

1996 general election
Summary of the 3 March 1996 Congress of Deputies election results in Toledo
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 164,31348.25+3.82 3+1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 142,26241.77–2.83 2–1
United Left–Left of Castilla–La Mancha (IU–ICAM) 27,9048.19+0.91 0±0
Centrist Union (UC) 1,0110.30–1.45 0±0
Red–Green Party (PRV) 6800.20New 0±0
Regionalist Party of Castilla–La Mancha (PRCM) 6420.19New 0±0
Authentic Spanish Phalanx (FEA) 3290.10New 0±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC) 3090.09+0.03 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 2140.06+0.03 0±0
Workers' Revolutionary Party (PRT) 1940.06New 0±0
Blank ballots 2,7200.80+0.08
Total 340,578 5±0
Valid votes 340,57899.33–0.02
Invalid votes 2,2960.67+0.02
Votes cast / turnout 342,87484.15+0.70
Abstentions 64,59015.85–0.70
Registered voters 407,464
Sources[16]

1993 general election
Summary of the 6 June 1993 Congress of Deputies election results in Toledo
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 142,96044.60–2.38 3±0
People's Party (PP) 142,40344.43+10.05 2±0
United Left (IU) 23,3247.28–0.02 0±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 5,6071.75–6.28 0±0
The Greens (Verdes) 1,6380.51New 0±0
The Ecologists (LE) 9070.28–0.25 0±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group–European Democratic Alliance (ARM–ADE) 6810.21–0.51 0±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC) 1840.06New 0±0
Natural Law Party (PLN) 1670.05New 0±0
Socialdemocrat Spanish Christian Monarchy (MCES) 1370.04New 0±0
Coalition for a New Socialist Party (CNPS)1 1070.03–0.02 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 1010.03–0.04 0±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 00.00New 0±0
Blank ballots 2,3050.72+0.12
Total 320,521 5±0
Valid votes 320,52199.35+0.34
Invalid votes 2,1110.65–0.34
Votes cast / turnout 322,63283.45+5.37
Abstentions 63,97016.55–5.37
Registered voters 386,602
Sources[17]

1989 general election
Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in Toledo
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 135,52646.98+0.91 3±0
People's Party (PP)1 99,16734.38–1.04 2±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 23,1598.03–2.79 0±0
United Left (IU) 21,0537.30+2.59 0±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos) 2,0700.72New 0±0
The Ecologist Greens (LVE) 1,5200.53New 0±0
Spanish Vertex Ecological Development Revindication (VERDE) 1,1430.40New 0±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 8840.31+0.04 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 5890.20–0.23 0±0
Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)2 5000.17–0.40 0±0
Centrist Unity–Democratic Spanish Party (PED) 4520.16New 0±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 3310.11New 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 2020.07New 0±0
Alliance for the Republic (AxR)3 1480.05–0.03 0±0
Blank ballots 1,7220.60+0.05
Total 288,466 5±0
Valid votes 288,46699.01+0.62
Invalid votes 2,8730.99–0.62
Votes cast / turnout 291,33978.08+0.08
Abstentions 81,78021.92–0.08
Registered voters 373,119
Sources[18]

1986 general election
Summary of the 22 June 1986 Congress of Deputies election results in Toledo
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 130,95146.07–1.04 3±0
People's Coalition (AP–PDP–PL)1 100,68535.42+1.92 2±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 30,76310.82+9.00 0±0
United Left (IU)2 13,4004.71+0.33 0±0
Democratic Reformist Party (PRD) 2,0570.72New 0±0
Communists' Unity Board (MUC) 1,6250.57New 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 1,2280.43+0.43 0±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 7770.27–0.09 0±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 5580.20+0.13 0±0
Republican Popular Unity (UPR)3 4160.15+0.08 0±0
Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) 2230.08New 0±0
Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC) 00.00New 0±0
Blank ballots 1,5770.55+0.21
Total 284,260 5±0
Valid votes 284,26098.39+0.73
Invalid votes 4,6571.61–0.73
Votes cast / turnout 288,91778.00–8.61
Abstentions 81,49222.00+8.61
Registered voters 370,409
Sources[19]

1982 general election
Summary of the 28 October 1982 Congress of Deputies election results in Toledo
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 138,16947.11+15.01 3+1
People's Alliance–People's Democratic Party (AP–PDP)1 98,24433.50+27.88 2+2
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 28,4339.69–31.97 0–3
Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 12,8494.38–6.52 0±0
New Force (FN)2 6,4882.21–5.09 0±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 5,3311.82New 0±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 1,0590.36New 0±0
Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE) 5590.19New 0±0
Falangist Movement of Spain (MFE) 3320.11New 0±0
Spanish Solidarity (SE) 2830.10New 0±0
Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l)) 2040.07New 0±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 1970.07New 0±0
Communist Unity Candidacy (CUC) 1570.05New 0±0
Communist Movement (MC) 00.00New 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 00.00New 0±0
Revolutionary Communist League (LCR) 00.00New 0±0
Socialist Party (PS)3 00.00–0.66 0±0
Blank ballots 9970.34+0.15
Total 293,302 5±0
Valid votes 293,30297.66–1.24
Invalid votes 7,0352.34+1.24
Votes cast / turnout 300,33786.61+8.77
Abstentions 46,42713.39–8.77
Registered voters 346,764
Sources[20]

1979 general election
Summary of the 1 March 1979 Congress of Deputies election results in Toledo
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 110,70041.66+3.34 3+1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)1 85,28832.10–1.07 2±0
Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 28,96110.90+2.65 0±0
National Union (UN)2 19,3837.30+4.80 0±0
Democratic Coalition (CD)3 14,9335.62–10.96 0–1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (historical) (PSOEh) 1,7530.66New 0±0
Party of Labour of Spain (PTE)4 1,6920.64+0.14 0±0
Workers' Revolutionary Organization (ORT) 1,4210.53New 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (Authentic) (FE–JONS(A)) 6370.24–0.30 0±0
Authentic Spanish Phalanx (FEA) 4330.16New 0±0
Blank ballots 4990.19+0.04
Total 265,700 5±0
Valid votes 265,70098.90–0.24
Invalid votes 2,9451.10+0.24
Votes cast / turnout 268,64577.84–8.80
Abstentions 76,48122.16+8.80
Registered voters 345,126
Sources[21]

1977 general election
Summary of the 15 June 1977 Congress of Deputies election results in Toledo
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 101,89138.32n/a 2n/a
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 83,95631.57n/a 2n/a
People's Alliance (AP) 44,09116.58n/a 1n/a
Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 21,9428.25n/a 0n/a
National Alliance July 18 (AN18) 6,6562.50n/a 0n/a
People's Socialist Party–Socialist Unity (PSP–US) 4,2531.60n/a 0n/a
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (Authentic) (FE–JONS(A)) 1,4270.54n/a 0n/a
Democratic Left Front (FDI) 1,3200.50n/a 0n/a
Blank ballots 3930.15n/a
Total 265,929 5n/a
Valid votes 265,92999.14n/a
Invalid votes 2,2960.86n/a
Votes cast / turnout 268,22586.64n/a
Abstentions 41,37013.36n/a
Registered voters 309,595
Sources[22]
gollark: Blood-brain barrier.
gollark: You believe in the *Sun*? How naive.
gollark: Why would running at a power output it's designed for burn it out? It'll just waste energy slightly.
gollark: There is probably mental stuff which is both interesting and not conveniently consciously accessible, though.
gollark: If you mean that it can't produce information which isn't already available to your mind in some way, then that seems quite obviously true, yes.

References
  1. "Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero. Población por provincias y por sexo". ine.es (in Spanish). National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  2. "Ley 1/1977, de 4 de enero, para la Reforma Política". Law No. 1 of 4 January 1977. Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  3. "Constitución Española". Act of 29 December 1978. Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  4. Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  5. "Real Decreto-ley 20/1977, de 18 de marzo, sobre Normas Electorales". Royal Decree-Law No. 20 of 18 March 1977. Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 December 2019.
  6. "Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General". Organic Law No. 5 of 19 June 1985. Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  7. Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  8. "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. November 2019. Toledo". www.infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  9. "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. April 2019. Toledo". www.infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  10. "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. June 2016. Toledo". www.infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  11. "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. December 2015. Toledo". www.infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  12. "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. November 2011. Toledo". www.infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  13. "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. March 2008. Toledo". www.infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  14. "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. March 2004. Toledo". www.infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  15. "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. March 2000. Toledo". www.infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  16. "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. March 1996. Toledo". www.infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  17. "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. June 1993. Toledo". www.infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  18. "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. October 1989. Toledo". www.infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  19. "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. June 1986. Toledo". www.infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  20. "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. October 1982. Toledo". www.infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  21. "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. March 1979. Toledo". www.infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  22. "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. June 1977. Toledo". www.infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.