Guadalajara (Congress of Deputies constituency)

Guadalajara is one of the 52 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Congress of Deputies, the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency currently elects three deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Guadalajara. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and a closed-list proportional representation, with a minimum threshold of three percent.

For the Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha constituency, see Guadalajara (Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha constituency). For the Senate constituency, see Guadalajara (Senate constituency).
Guadalajara
Congress of Deputies
Electoral Constituency
Location of Guadalajara within Spain
ProvinceGuadalajara
Autonomous communityCastilla–La Mancha
Population257,762 (2019)[1]
Electorate187,371 (Nov 2019)
Major settlementsGuadalajara
Current constituency
Created1977
Seats3
Member(s)
  •      PSOE (1)
  •      Vox (1)
  •      PP (1)

Electoral system

The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Act 1977 and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Act provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Congress of Deputies,[2] with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978. Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales.[3]

Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprises all nationals over eighteen and in full enjoyment of their political rights. The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over twenty-one and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights. Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required for Spaniards abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish: Voto rogado).[4] 348 seats are elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with a threshold of three percent of valid votes—which includes blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Parties not reaching the threshold are not taken into consideration for seat distribution. Each provincial constituency is entitled to an initial minimum of two seats, with the remaining 248 being distributed in proportion to their populations. Ceuta and Melilla are allocated the two remaining seats, which are elected using plurality voting.[3][5][6] The use of the D'Hondt method may result in a higher effective threshold, depending on the district magnitude.[7]

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call—fifteen before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one-thousandth of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Also since 2011, parties, federations or coalitions that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.[5][6]

Deputies
Deputies 1977–present
Legislature Election Distribution
Constituent 1977
1 2
1st 1979
1 2
2nd 1982
2 1
3rd 1986
1 2
4th 1989
1 2
5th 1993
1 2
6th 1996
1 2
7th 2000
1 2
8th 2004
1 2
9th 2008
1 2
10th 2011
1 2
11th 2015
1 1 1
12th 2016
1 2
13th 2019 (Apr)
1 1 1
14th 2019 (Nov)
1 1 1

Elections

November 2019 general election
Summary of the 10 November 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 41,16731.15+1.35 1±0
Vox (Vox) 31,68323.97+7.50 1+1
People's Party (PP) 30,44323.04+2.99 1±0
United We Can (Podemos–IU) 14,89711.27–1.01 0±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 10,1697.69–11.10 0–1
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,2660.96–0.31 0±0
Zero Cuts–Green Group–PCAS–TC (Recortes Cero–GV–PCAS–TC) 2870.22–0.01 0±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 2840.21+0.03 0±0
European Retirees Social Democratic Party (PDSJE) 2340.18New 0±0
Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE) 1950.15–0.08 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 1880.14New 0±0
Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) 1060.08New 0±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 870.07New 0±0
Blank ballots 1,1480.87+0.17
Total 132,154 3±0
Valid votes 132,15498.77+0.09
Invalid votes 1,6421.23–0.09
Votes cast / turnout 133,79671.41–6.13
Abstentions 53,57528.59+6.13
Registered voters 187,371
Sources[8]

April 2019 general election
Summary of the 28 April 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 42,52129.80+6.78 1±0
People's Party (PP) 28,61820.05–19.52 1–1
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 26,81718.79+2.38 1+1
Vox (Vox) 23,50116.47+16.06 0±0
United We Can (Podemos–IU–Equo) 17,52412.28–5.88 0±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,8161.27+0.24 0±0
Zero Cuts–Green Group–PCAS–TC (Recortes Cero–GV–PCAS–TC) 3350.23+0.04 0±0
Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE) 3250.23+0.13 0±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 2540.18New 0±0
Blank ballots 9960.70+0.08
Total 142,707 3±0
Valid votes 142,70798.68–0.29
Invalid votes 1,9041.32+0.29
Votes cast / turnout 144,61177.54+4.68
Abstentions 41,89622.46–4.68
Registered voters 186,507
Sources[9]

2016 general election
Summary of the 26 June 2016 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 52,04739.57+4.81 2+1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 30,28223.02+0.50 1±0
United We Can (Podemos–IU–Equo)1 23,88418.16–3.46 0±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 21,58616.41–1.64 0–1
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,3491.03+0.18 0±0
Vox (Vox) 5410.41–0.06 0±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 4130.31–0.44 0±0
Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 2450.19–0.02 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 2060.16New 0±0
Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE) 1260.10New 0±0
Internationalist Solidarity and Self-Management (SAIn) 370.03–0.03 0±0
Blank ballots 8220.62–0.10
Total 131,538 3±0
Valid votes 131,53898.97+0.10
Invalid votes 1,3651.03–0.10
Votes cast / turnout 132,90372.86–2.74
Abstentions 49,50527.14+2.74
Registered voters 182,408
Sources[10]

2015 general election
Summary of the 20 December 2015 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 47,36534.76–19.24 1–1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 30,68522.52–5.17 1±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 24,60318.05New 1+1
We Can (Podemos) 23,82717.49New 0±0
United Left–Popular Unity in Common (IU–UPeC) 5,6284.13–2.71 0±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,1520.85+0.38 0±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 1,0260.75–6.78 0±0
Vox (Vox) 6450.47New 0±0
Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 2830.21New 0±0
Internationalist Solidarity and Self-Management (SAIn) 750.06New 0±0
Blank ballots 9790.72–0.62
Total 136,268 3±0
Valid votes 136,26898.87+0.51
Invalid votes 1,5621.13–0.51
Votes cast / turnout 137,83075.60+0.78
Abstentions 44,49124.40–0.78
Registered voters 182,321
Sources[11]

2011 general election
Summary of the 20 November 2011 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 71,36254.00+3.35 2±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 36,58927.69–13.28 1±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 9,9477.53+5.42 0±0
United Left of Castilla–La Mancha–The Greens: Plural Left (IUCLM–LV) 9,0366.84+3.55 0±0
Equo (Equo) 1,2730.96New 0±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 6200.47+0.24 0±0
Blank Seats (EB) 4980.38New 0±0
National Democracy (DN) 4710.36+0.25 0±0
Castilian Party (PCAS)1 1970.15+0.06 0±0
Anti-capitalists (Anticapitalistas) 1940.15New 0±0
Citizens of Democratic Centre (CCD) 990.07New 0±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 920.07New 0±0
Blank ballots 1,7761.34+0.30
Total 132,154 3±0
Valid votes 132,15498.36–0.90
Invalid votes 2,1971.64+0.90
Votes cast / turnout 134,35174.82–5.06
Abstentions 45,21925.18+5.06
Registered voters 179,570
Sources[12]

2008 general election
Summary of the 9 March 2008 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 67,66850.65+3.07 2±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 54,73840.97–3.14 1±0
United Left–Alternative (IU) 4,3903.29–1.14 0±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 2,8202.11New 0±0
The Greens of Europe (LVdE) 5630.42New 0±0
Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 3080.23New 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 2430.18+0.09 0±0
Social Democratic Party (PSD) 1720.13New 0±0
Citizens for Blank Votes (CenB) 1630.12–0.30 0±0
Regionalist Party of Guadalajara (PRGU) 1520.11–0.17 0±0
National Democracy (DN) 1460.11+0.01 0±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 1260.09New 0±0
Commoners' Land (TC) 1230.09–0.04 0±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 1060.08+0.02 0±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 1040.08New 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 910.07–0.01 0±0
Spanish Alternative (AES) 600.04New 0±0
Spanish Democratic Centre (CDEs) 570.04New 0±0
Authentic Phalanx (FA) 560.04±0.00 0±0
Spanish Front (Frente) 390.03New 0±0
Spain 2000 (E–2000) 360.03New 0±0
Family and Life Party (PFyV) 320.02–0.12 0±0
Carlist Traditionalist Communion (CTC) 90.01New 0±0
Blank ballots 1,3961.04–1.08
Total 133,598 3±0
Valid votes 133,59899.26+0.20
Invalid votes 9900.74–0.20
Votes cast / turnout 134,58879.88–0.27
Abstentions 33,89820.12+0.27
Registered voters 168,486
Sources[13]

2004 general election
Summary of the 14 March 2004 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 57,07847.58–6.80 2±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 52,91544.11+8.05 1±0
United Left–Left of Castilla–La Mancha (IU–ICAM) 5,3104.43–1.41 0±0
Citizens for Blank Votes (CenB) 5040.42New 0±0
Regionalist Party of Guadalajara (PRGU) 3300.28–0.11 0±0
Family and Life Party (PFyV) 1720.14New 0±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 1590.13+0.01 0±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC) 1540.13–0.11 0±0
Spanish Democratic Party (PADE) 1190.10+0.06 0±0
National Democracy (DN) 1160.10New 0±0
Republican Left (IR) 1130.09New 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 1070.09–0.03 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 910.08New 0±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 730.06New 0±0
The Phalanx (FE) 700.06–0.05 0±0
Authentic Phalanx (FA) 460.04New 0±0
Spanish Absolute Honesty Political Group (GPHAE) 350.03New 0±0
Republican Social Movement (MSR) 280.02New 0±0
Blank ballots 2,5442.12+0.28
Total 119,964 3±0
Valid votes 119,96499.06+0.03
Invalid votes 1,1400.94–0.03
Votes cast / turnout 121,10480.15+4.68
Abstentions 30,00219.85–4.68
Registered voters 151,106
Sources[14]

2000 general election
Summary of the 12 March 2000 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 55,89554.38+2.51 2±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party–Progressives (PSOE–p) 37,06036.06+1.13 1±0
United Left (IU) 6,0005.84–4.87 0±0
Liberal Independent Group (GIL) 6450.63New 0±0
Regionalist Party of Guadalajara (PRGU) 4000.39+0.06 0±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC) 2440.24+0.16 0±0
Natural Law Party (PLN) 1870.18New 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 1280.12±0.00 0±0
Centrist Union–Democratic and Social Centre (UC–CDS) 1190.12–0.20 0±0
The Phalanx (FE) 1140.11New 0±0
Spanish Democratic Party (PADE) 410.04New 0±0
Spain 2000 Platform (ES2000) 310.03New 0±0
Carlist Party (PC) 140.01New 0±0
Blank ballots 1,8951.84+0.51
Total 102,782 3±0
Valid votes 102,78299.03–0.27
Invalid votes 1,0020.97+0.27
Votes cast / turnout 103,78475.47–5.73
Abstentions 33,73924.53+5.73
Registered voters 137,523
Sources[15]

1996 general election
Summary of the 3 March 1996 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 53,68351.87+3.05 2±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 36,15634.93–1.66 1±0
United Left–Left of Castilla–La Mancha (IU–ICAM) 11,08010.71+1.52 0±0
Regionalist Party of Guadalajara (PRGU) 3380.33+0.05 0±0
Centrist Union (UC) 3330.32–2.07 0±0
Authentic Spanish Phalanx (FEA) 1380.13New 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 1210.12+0.08 0±0
Workers' Revolutionary Party (PRT) 960.09New 0±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC) 870.08–0.03 0±0
Regionalist Party of Castilla–La Mancha (PRCM) 840.08New 0±0
Blank ballots 1,3801.33+0.21
Total 103,496 3±0
Valid votes 103,49699.30–0.05
Invalid votes 7260.70+0.05
Votes cast / turnout 104,22281.20+0.31
Abstentions 24,13018.80–0.31
Registered voters 128,352
Sources[16]

1993 general election
Summary of the 6 June 1993 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 46,90848.82+6.07 2±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 35,16336.59+0.08 1±0
United Left (IU) 8,8269.19+0.79 0±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 2,3002.39–5.25 0±0
The Greens (Verdes) 6470.67–0.05 0±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group–Independent Party–Social Movement (ARM–PAI–MAS) 3110.32–0.37 0±0
The Ecologists (LE) 3080.32–0.22 0±0
Regionalist Party of Guadalajara (PRGU) 2670.28–0.21 0±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC) 1040.11New 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 750.08–0.13 0±0
Coalition for a New Socialist Party (CNPS)1 390.04–0.03 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 370.04–0.05 0±0
Natural Law Party (PLN) 340.04New 0±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 00.00New 0±0
Blank ballots 1,0721.12+0.20
Total 96,091 3±0
Valid votes 96,09199.35+0.21
Invalid votes 6300.65–0.21
Votes cast / turnout 96,72180.89+5.29
Abstentions 22,84419.11–5.29
Registered voters 119,565
Sources[17]

1989 general election
Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP)1 37,06142.75+0.83 2±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 31,65336.51–1.57 1±0
United Left (IU) 7,2808.40+3.74 0±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 6,6227.64–3.26 0±0
The Greens–Green List (LV–LV) 6200.72New 0±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos) 6010.69New 0±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 4920.57–0.02 0±0
The Ecologist Greens (LVE) 4670.54New 0±0
Regionalist Party of Guadalajara (PRGU) 4260.49New 0±0
Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)2 2010.23–0.55 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 1820.21–0.35 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 790.09New 0±0
Centrist Unity–Democratic Spanish Party (PED) 780.09New 0±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 740.09New 0±0
Alliance for the Republic (AxR)3 580.07–0.12 0±0
Blank ballots 7960.92+0.16
Total 86,690 3±0
Valid votes 86,69099.14+0.77
Invalid votes 7500.86–0.77
Votes cast / turnout 87,44075.60–0.47
Abstentions 28,21724.40+0.47
Registered voters 115,657
Sources[18]

1986 general election
Summary of the 22 June 1986 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Coalition (AP–PDP–PL)1 36,17441.92+4.26 2+1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 32,85538.08–0.10 1–1
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 9,40710.90+7.64 0±0
United Left (IU)2 4,0244.66+0.87 0±0
Democratic Reformist Party (PRD) 9281.08New 0±0
Communists' Unity Board (MUC) 6700.78New 0±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 5050.59–0.49 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 4790.56+0.15 0±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 2040.24+0.13 0±0
Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) 1600.19New 0±0
Republican Popular Unity (UPR)3 1430.17+0.11 0±0
Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC) 850.10New 0±0
Blank ballots 6550.76–0.01
Total 86,289 3±0
Valid votes 86,28998.37+0.09
Invalid votes 1,4341.63–0.09
Votes cast / turnout 87,72376.07–8.26
Abstentions 27,59823.93+8.26
Registered voters 115,321
Sources[19]

1982 general election
Summary of the 28 October 1982 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 34,21238.18+14.74 2+1
People's Alliance–People's Democratic Party (AP–PDP)1 33,74837.66+26.79 1+1
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 12,04913.45–33.49 0–2
Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 3,3923.79–4.86 0±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 2,9193.26New 0±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 9711.08New 0±0
New Force (FN)2 8050.90–5.72 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 3650.41New 0±0
Spanish Solidarity (SE) 1360.15New 0±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 990.11New 0±0
Communist League–Internationalist Socialist Workers' Coalition (LC (COSI)) 990.11New 0±0
Falangist Movement of Spain (MFE) 660.07New 0±0
Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l)) 560.06New 0±0
Blank ballots 6930.77+0.40
Total 89,610 3±0
Valid votes 89,61098.28–0.57
Invalid votes 1,5641.72+0.57
Votes cast / turnout 91,17484.33+11.84
Abstentions 16,94215.67–11.84
Registered voters 108,116
Sources[20]

1979 general election
Summary of the 1 March 1979 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 36,36146.94–1.79 2±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)1 18,15523.44–0.49 1±0
Democratic Coalition (CD)2 8,41610.87–5.01 0±0
Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 6,6998.65+1.81 0±0
National Union (UN)3 5,1316.62+2.92 0±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (historical) (PSOEh) 6660.86New 0±0
Workers' Revolutionary Organization (ORT) 5130.66New 0±0
Communist Organization of Spain (Red Flag) (OCE–BR) 4210.54New 0±0
Party of Labour of Spain (PTE)4 3010.39–0.26 0±0
Authentic Spanish Phalanx (FEA) 2460.32New 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (Authentic) (FE–JONS(A)) 1560.20New 0±0
Communist Movement–Organization of Communist Left (MC–OIC) 1070.14New 0±0
Blank ballots 2860.37+0.12
Total 77,458 3±0
Valid votes 77,45898.85–0.08
Invalid votes 8991.15+0.08
Votes cast / turnout 78,35772.49–13.31
Abstentions 29,73827.51+13.31
Registered voters 108,095
Sources[21]

1977 general election
Summary of the 15 June 1977 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 39,32148.73n/a 2n/a
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 17,13321.23n/a 1n/a
People's Alliance (AP) 12,81515.88n/a 0n/a
Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 5,5216.84n/a 0n/a
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 2,9893.70n/a 0n/a
People's Socialist Party–Socialist Unity (PSP–US) 2,1822.70n/a 0n/a
Democratic Left Front (FDI) 5260.65n/a 0n/a
Blank ballots 2030.25n/a
Total 80,690 3n/a
Valid votes 80,69098.93n/a
Invalid votes 8721.07n/a
Votes cast / turnout 81,56285.80n/a
Abstentions 13,49914.20n/a
Registered voters 95,061
Sources[22]
gollark: Yes. For instance, I fixed segfaults some time ago.
gollark: > With extern isolation, calling into C cannot cause Vale code to crash. Is this a challenge?
gollark: Thus advertising bad.
gollark: > 1) same on youtube for the same qualityIt can pick a quality depending on connection quality and such. You can also do this but it's hard.> 2) you are overly optimistic about the bloat of modern websites. I just loaded a random ad-loaded heavy website and the two biggest scripts along are already 1 MBOh dear.
gollark: Which they pay for traffic on, yes.

References
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  7. Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  8. "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. November 2019. Guadalajara". www.infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  9. "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. April 2019. Guadalajara". www.infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  10. "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. June 2016. Guadalajara". www.infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  11. "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. December 2015. Guadalajara". www.infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  12. "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. November 2011. Guadalajara". www.infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  13. "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. March 2008. Guadalajara". www.infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  14. "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. March 2004. Guadalajara". www.infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  15. "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. March 2000. Guadalajara". www.infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  16. "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. March 1996. Guadalajara". www.infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  17. "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. June 1993. Guadalajara". www.infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  18. "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. October 1989. Guadalajara". www.infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  19. "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. June 1986. Guadalajara". www.infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  20. "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. October 1982. Guadalajara". www.infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  21. "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. March 1979. Guadalajara". www.infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  22. "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. June 1977. Guadalajara". www.infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.

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