Tāmaki (New Zealand electorate)

Tāmaki is a parliamentary electorate, returning one Member of Parliament to the New Zealand House of Representatives. The electorate is named after the Tamaki River that runs immediately east of the seat. The electorate is represented by Simon O'Connor, who became the National Party candidate after Allan Peachey withdrew from the 2011 election for health reasons; Peachey died before the election.

Tāmaki electorate boundaries used since the 2014 election

Population centres

The 1941 New Zealand census had been postponed due to World War II, so the 1946 electoral redistribution had to take ten years of population growth and movements into account. The North Island gained a further two electorates from the South Island due to faster population growth. The abolition of the country quota through the Electoral Amendment Act, 1945 reduced the number and increased the size of rural electorates. None of the existing electorates remained unchanged, 27 electorates were abolished, eight former electorates were re-established, and 19 electorates were created for the first time, including Tamaki.[1]

Tāmaki is based around Auckland City's eastern beaches, Mission Bay, Meadowbank, Saint Heliers, Kohimarama and Glendowie; it also contains the working-class suburb of Glen Innes on its southern fringe. Tāmaki is the home of a selection of New Zealand's emblematic historical moments: Ngāti Whatua activism at Bastion Point (sparking a chain of events leading to the modern Treaty of Waitangi grievance settlement process) occurred inside the seat's boundaries, a seat at the time represented by the contentious Robert Muldoon, the Prime Minister responsible for the Crown's response to the occupation of Bastion Point. Among other Ngāti Whatua land taken through governmental application of public works legislation is Paratai Drive, once New Zealand's most expensive street. The area around Mission Bay is also home to the Savage Memorial, a huge site dedicated to the memory of former Labour Michael Joseph Savage, architect of the welfare state in New Zealand.

History

Tamaki boundaries from 1990 to 1993

The National Party has held Tāmaki in all its various incarnations since 1960, when future Prime Minister Robert Muldoon (later Sir Robert) began his parliamentary career by ousting long-time Labour stalwart Bob Tizard,[2] and staying firmly in place until his self-selected departure from parliament at the end of 1991. In four elections (1972, 1975, 1978 and 1981) Bill Andersen of the Socialist Unity Party ran against him, receiving between 39 and 188 votes.

Muldoon's departure caused a by-election in 1992, where candidate Clem Simich won despite fierce competition in an environment where both major parties were out of favour with the electorate. Simich gave up his seat ahead of the 2005 election to high school principal Allan Peachey. Simich was returned to parliament from his party's list, having chosen to move from standing for one of his party's safest seats to instead contest Māngere, easily Labour's safest seat. Since 2005, Tāmaki was represented by Allan Peachey, who announced his retirement at the end of the parliamentary term in 2011 for health reasons. Simon O'Connor was chosen by the National Party to contest the electorate in the 2011 general election.[3]

Members of Parliament

Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

Key

  Labour     National     ACT     NZ First  

Election	Winner
1946 election		Tom Skinner
1949 election		Eric Halstead
1951 election
1954 election
1957 election		Bob Tizard
1960 election		Robert Muldoon^1
1963 election
1966 election
1969 election
1972 election
1975 election
1978 election
1981 election
1984 election
1987 election
1990 election
1992 by-election		Clem Simich
1993 election
1996 election
1999 election
2002 election
2005 election		Allan Peachey^2
2008 election
2011 election		Simon O'Connor
2014 election
2017 election

¹Robert Muldoon resigned effective December 1991
²Allan Peachey announced that, due to his ill-health he would retire at the 2011 election, but he died twenty days before election day

List MPs

Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the Tāmaki electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

Election	Winner
1996 election		Jonathan Hunt
		Patricia Schnauer
2002 election		Ken Shirley
2017 election		Jenny Marcroft

Election results

2017 election

2017 general election: Tamaki[4]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Y Simon O'Connor		24,026	63.50	-6.94	23,628	61.53	-4.03
	Labour	Sam McDonald		8,624	22.79	+8.52	9,374	24.41	+9.63
	Green	Richard Leckinger		2,567	6.78	-3.42	2,166	5.64	-3.16
	NZ First	Jenny Marcroft		1,080	2.85	-	1,497	3.89	-0.52
	ACT	Mike Milne		529	1.39	+0.08	524	1.36	-0.01
	Māori	Mele Pepa		392	1.03	-	174	0.45	-0.03
	Independent	Penny Bright		244	0.64	-
	Opportunities						789	2.05	-
	Legalise Cannabis						53	0.13	-0.16
	New Conservative						45	0.11	-2.94
	United Future						29	0.07	-0.12
	People's Party						11	0.02	-
	Ban 1080						8	0.02	+0.00
	Mana						7	0.01	-0.71
	Democrats						6	0.01	-0.02
	Outdoors						6	0.01	-
	Internet						2	0.01	-0.71
Informal votes				373			81
Total Valid votes				37,835			38,400
	National hold		Majority	15,402	40.71	-15.71

2014 election

2014 general election: Tamaki[5]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Y Simon O'Connor		25,539	69.50	+1.83	24,091	65.56	+1.14
	Labour	Chao-Fu Wu		5,118	13.93	−4.28	5,431	14.78	−2.80
	Green	Dorthe Siggaar		3,711	10.10	+2.30	3,232	8.80	+0.03
	New Conservative	Danny Mountain		610	1.66	+0.12	1,122	3.05	+1.53
	ACT	Mike Milne		474	1.29	−1.10	504	1.37	−0.99
	Mana	Lisa Gibson		302	0.82	+0.82
	NZ First						1,619	4.41	+0.65
	Mana						263	0.72	+0.45
	Māori						175	0.48	−0.03
	Legalise Cannabis						106	0.29	+0.01
	United Future						69	0.19	−0.22
	Civilian						15	0.04	+0.04
	Focus						13	0.04	+0.04
	Independent Coalition						12	0.03	+0.03
	Democrats						10	0.03	+0.03
	Ban 1080						8	0.02	+0.02
Informal votes				438			78
Total Valid votes				36,192			36,748
	National hold		Majority	20,421	56.42	+7.96

2011 election

2011 general election: Tamaki[6]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Simon O'Connor		24,837	67.67	+1.93	24,338	64.42	+4.19
	Labour	Nick Iusitini Bakulich		7,051	19.21	-1.53	6,642	17.58	-3.58
	Green	Richard Leckinger		2,861	7.80	+1.94	3,314	8.77	+3.48
	ACT	John Boscawen		887	2.39	-2.06	893	2.36	-5.56
	New Conservative	Litia Simpson		567	1.54	+1.54	575	1.52	+1.52
	Independent	Wayne Young		358	0.98	+0.98
	Independent	Stephen Berry		152	0.41	+0.41
	NZ First						1,421	3.76	+1.29
	Māori						193	0.51	-0.01
	United Future						156	0.41	-0.35
	Legalise Cannabis						107	0.28	+0.11
	Mana						102	0.27	+0.27
	Libertarianz						30	0.08	+0.03
	Alliance						6	0.02	-0.002
	Democrats						5	0.01	+0.01
Informal votes				755			255
Total Valid votes				36,703			37,782
Turnout				38,037	77.50
	National hold		Majority	17,786	48.46	+3.45

Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 49,080[7]

2008 election

2008 general election: Tāmaki[8]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Y Allan Peachey		24,863	65.74		23,205	60.22
	Labour	Josephine Bartley		7,843	20.74		8,152	21.16
	Green	Richard Leckinger		2,216	5.86		2,040	5.29
	ACT	Chris Simmons		1,683	4.45		3,053	7.92
	NZ First	Doug Nabbs		639	1.69		954	2.48
	Progressive	Ralph Taylor		292	0.77		188	0.49
	United Future	Gregory Graydon		282	0.75		294	0.76
	Māori						201	0.52
	Bill and Ben						104	0.27
	Pacific						98	0.25
	Kiwi						79	0.21
	Legalise Cannabis						65	0.17
	Family Party						46	0.12
	Libertarianz						20	0.05
	RAM						19	0.05
	Alliance						7	0.02
	Democrats						3	0.01
	RONZ						2	0.01
	Workers Party						2	0.01
Informal votes				402			152
Total Valid votes				37,818			38,532
	National hold		Majority	17,020

2005 election

2005 general election: Tamaki[9]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Allan Peachey		20,956	58.00	+22.69	19,829	53.87
	Labour	Leila Boyle		11,446	31.68	+0.09	11,890	32.30
	ACT	Ken Shirley		1,258	3.48		1,009	2.74
	NZ First	Brett Webster		973	2.69		1,393	3.78
	Progressive	Matt Robson		950	2.63		265	0.72
	United Future	Greg Graydon		504	1.39		615	1.67
	Direct Democracy	Grant Burch		45	0.12		6	0.02
	Green						1,423	3.87
	Māori						149	0.40	-
	Destiny						98	0.27
	Legalise Cannabis						54	0.15
	Christian Heritage						22	0.06
	Family Rights						19	0.05
	Alliance						18	0.05
	Libertarianz						12	0.03
	99 MP						6	0.02
	Democrats						5	0.01
	RONZ						4	0.01
	One NZ						1	0.01
Informal votes				411			139
Total Valid votes				36,132			36,807
	National hold		Majority	9,510	26.32	+22.61

1999 election

Refer to Candidates in the New Zealand general election 1999 by electorate#Tamaki for a list of candidates.

1993 election

1993 general election: Tamaki[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	National	Clem Simich	11,563	55.39	+9.94
	Alliance	Richard Green	3,612	17.30
	Labour	Lorraine Wilson	3,300	15.80
	NZ First	Gordon Preston	1,739	8.33
	Christian Heritage	David John Lindsay	279	1.33
	McGillicuddy Serious	Marc de Boer	185	0.88
	Natural Law	Warren Stott	75	0.35
	Defence Movement	Bevan Skelton	51	0.24	-0.09
	Independent	Bertus Post	37	0.17
	Workers Rights	Carl Adams	32	0.15
Majority			7,951	38.09	+30.89
Turnout			20,873	86.61	+14.64
Registered electors			24,099

1992 by-election

1992 Tamaki by-election[11]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	National	Clem Simich	7,901	45.45	-13.47
	Alliance	Chris Leitch	6,649	38.25	+21.06^1
	Labour	Verna Smith	2,121	12.20	-10.03
	Christian Heritage	Clive Thomson	199	1.14
	United NZ	Tania Harris	118	0.67
	Independent	Dean Lonergan	105	0.60
	McGillicuddy Serious	Adrian Holroyd	73	0.42
	Defence Movement	Bevan Skelton	57	0.33
	Voters Voice	Cliff Emeny	47	0.27
	Blokes Liberation Front	Frank Barker	46	0.26
	Social Credit	Colin Maloney	34	0.20
	Independent	Andrew Aitkenhead	19	0.11
	Independent	Victor Bryers	7	0.04	-0.17
	Communist League	James Robb	7	0.04
Majority			1,252	7.20
Turnout			17,383	71.97^2	-13.68^2
	National hold		Swing	-29.49

¹ Alliance vote increase over 3,556 combined vote for Green Party, New Labour and Democrats in 1990 election.
² Based on 1990 election figures.

1990 election

1990 general election: Tamaki[12][13]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	National	Robert Muldoon	12,191	58.93	+6.90
	Labour	Malcolm Johnston	4,599	22.23
	Green	Richard Green	2,633	12.73
	NewLabour	Bill Logue	789	3.81
	McGillicuddy Serious	Craig Thomas Young	183	0.88
	Democrats	Craig Douglas Thomas	134	0.65
	Social Credit	Charles Thomas Willoughby	67	0.32
	Independent	Matthew Ford Elliot	49	0.23
	Independent	Victor Bryers	44	0.21
Majority			7,592	36.70	+27.03
Turnout			20,689	85.65	-0.86
Registered electors			24,154

1987 election

1987 general election: Tamaki[14]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	National	Robert Muldoon	10,466	52.03	+5.68
	Labour	Carl Harding	8,519	42.35
	Democrats	Richard John Pittams	668	3.32
	NZ Party	D T Roberts	343	1.70
	Values	Bruce Symondson	119	0.59
Majority			1,947	9.67	-7.05
Turnout			20,115	84.79	-6.50
Registered electors			23,721

1984 election

1984 general election: Tamaki[14]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	National	Robert Muldoon	10,414	46.35	-7.16
	Labour	Robin Tulloch	6,656	29.62
	NZ Party	John Hodgson	4,545	20.23
	Social Credit	Eddie Hagen	616	2.74
	Values	Brett Cunningham	93	0.41
	Independent	S Hall	89	0.39
	Independent	D B Butler	51	0.22
Majority			3,758	16.72	-7.16
Turnout			22,464	91.29	+2.73
Registered electors			24,607

1981 election

1981 general election: Tamaki[14]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	National	Robert Muldoon	11,543	53.51	-3.18
	Labour	Richard Northey	6,390	29.62
	Social Credit	John Stevens	3,449	15.98
	Socialist Unity	Bill Andersen	188	0.87	+0.58
Majority			5,153	23.88	-6.40
Turnout			21,570	88.56	+20.23
Registered electors			24,356

1978 election

1978 general election: Tamaki[14]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	National	Robert Muldoon	11,814	56.69	-5.69
	Labour	Audie Cooke-Pennefather	5,504	26.41
	Social Credit	Les Tasker	2,360	11.32
	Values	J Woolnough	791	3.79
	Progressive National	D Harden	276	1.32
	Socialist Unity	Bill Andersen	62	0.29	+0.09
	Independent	P T P Grace	22	0.10
	United	A H Greig	8	0.03
Majority			6,310	30.28	-5.22
Turnout			20,837	68.33	-15.97
Registered electors			30,491

1975 election

1975 general election: Tamaki[14]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	National	Robert Muldoon	11,836	62.38	+4.61
	Labour	Tim Kaye	5,101	26.88
	Values	Brent Impey	1,258	6.63
	Social Credit	David Stevens	725	3.82
	Socialist Unity	Bill Andersen	39	0.20	-0.41
	Socialist Party	Ernie Higdon	12	0.06	-0.41
Majority			6,735	35.50	+9.37
Turnout			18,971	84.30	-6.69
Registered electors			22,502

1972 election

1972 general election: Tamaki[14]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	National	Robert Muldoon	10,146	57.77	-7.37
	Labour	Alan Hedger	5,556	31.63
	Values	Brian Jessup	876	4.98
	Social Credit	James Robinson	714	4.06
	Socialist Unity	Bill Andersen	108	0.61
	Socialist Party	Ernie Higdon	83	0.47
	Independent National	George Mullenger	48	0.27
	New Democratic	Ian Upton	31	0.17
Majority			4,590	26.13	-8.31
Turnout			17,562	90.99	-0.29
Registered electors			19,301

1969 election

1969 general election: Tamaki[15]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	National	Robert Muldoon	11,513	65.14	+9.77
	Labour	Alfred David Bolton	5,425	30.69
	Social Credit	Keith Harold Arthur Branch	496	2.80	-3.37
	Independent	Gladys May Thorpy	239	1.35
Majority			6,088	34.44	+17.52
Turnout			17,673	90.70	+5.06
Registered electors			19,485

1966 election

1966 general election: Tamaki[15]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	National	Robert Muldoon	9,248	55.37	-3.73
	Labour	Kevin Ryan	6,421	38.44
	Social Credit	Keith Harold Arthur Branch	1,032	6.17
Majority			2,827	16.92	-6.08
Turnout			16,701	85.64	-7.33
Registered electors			19,501

1963 election

1963 general election: Tamaki[15]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	National	Robert Muldoon	9,645	59.10	+5.52
	Labour	Norman Finch	5,891	36.09
	Social Credit	Joseph F. Richards	382	2.34
	Liberal	Robert Arthur Allen	307	1.88
	Communist	Donald McEwan	94	0.57
Majority			3,754	23.00	+15.96
Turnout			16,319	92.97	+3.12
Registered electors			17,552

1960 election

1960 general election: Tamaki[15]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	National	Robert Muldoon	8,728	53.58
	Labour	Bob Tizard	7,580	46.54	-4.07
	Social Credit	Eric Ernest McGowan	352	2.16
	Communist	Rita Smith	77	0.47
Majority			1,148	7.04
Turnout			16,287	89.85	-6.22
Registered electors			18,125

1957 election

1957 general election: Tamaki[15]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Bob Tizard	7,749	50.61
	National	Eric Halstead	7,160	46.76	-6.54
	Social Credit	James Norris	400	2.61
Majority			589	3.84
Turnout			15,309	96.07	+3.10
Registered electors			15,934

1954 election

1954 general election: Tamaki[15]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	National	Eric Halstead	8,665	53.30	-0.61
	Labour	Pat Curran	6,679	41.09
	Social Credit	Keith Edward Donald Robertson	910	5.59
Majority			1,986	12.21	+3.93
Turnout			16,254	92.97	+0.73
Registered electors			17,482

1951 election

1951 general election: Tamaki[16]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	National	Eric Halstead	9,504	53.91	+0.83
	Labour	Tom Skinner	8,043	45.62	-0.52
	Independent	Ethel Maude Wood	84	0.47
Majority			1,461	8.28	+1.34
Turnout			17,631	92.24	-3.48
Registered electors			19,113

1949 election

1949 general election: Tamaki[17]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	National	Eric Halstead	8,364	53.08
	Labour	Tom Skinner	7,269	46.14	-4.73
	Ind. Social Credit	Frederick Coles Jordan	123	0.78
Majority			1,095	6.94
Turnout			15,756	95.72	+1.15
Registered electors			16,460

1946 election

1946 general election: Tamaki[18]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Tom Skinner	6,781	50.87
	National	John George Concanon Wales	6,550	49.13
Majority			231	1.73
Turnout			13,331	94.57
Registered electors			14,095

Notes

1. McRobie 1989, pp. 91–96.
2. Wilson 1985, pp. 222, 240.
3. "New Candidate". The Press. 28 October 2011. p. A3.
4. "Official Count Results -- Tamaki". Wellington: New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
5. Official Count Results -- Tāmaki, 2014
6. Official Count Results -- Tāmaki, 2011
7. "Enrolment statistics". Electoral Commission. 26 November 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
8. Official Count Results -- Tāmaki, 2008
9. Official Count Results -- Tāmaki, 2005
10. Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1993. p. 106.
11. Voting Statistics for the Electoral Referendum Held on 19 September 1992, The Tamaki By-Election Held on 15 February 1992. Electoral Commission (New Zealand).
12. Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1990.
13. Gustafson, Barry (2000), His way: a biography of Robert Muldoon, Auckland University Press, pp. 464–465, retrieved 8 March 2014
14. Norton 1988, pp. 354.
15. Norton 1988, pp. 353.
16. "The New Zealand Official Year-Book, 1951–52". Statistics New Zealand. Archived from the original on 23 June 2012. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
17. "The General Election, 1949". National Library. 1950. pp. 1–5, 8. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
18. "The General Election, 1946". National Library. 1947. pp. 1–11, 14. Retrieved 1 January 2014.

References

• McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946–1987: Occasional Publications No 1, Department of Political Science. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington. ISBN 0-475-11200-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

External links

• Electorate Profile Parliamentary Library