Palmerston North (New Zealand electorate)

Palmerston North is a parliamentary electorate, returning one Member of Parliament to the New Zealand House of Representatives. The electorate was first formed for the 1890 election and was called Palmerston until 1938. The current MP for Palmerston North is Iain Lees-Galloway of the Labour Party. He has held this position since the 2008 election.

Palmerston North electorate boundaries used since the 2008 election

Profile

In December 1887, the House of Representatives voted to reduce its membership from general electorates from 91 to 70. The 1890 electoral redistribution used the same 1886 census data used for the 1887 electoral redistribution. In addition, three-member electorates were introduced in the four main centres. This resulted in a major restructuring of electorates, and Palmerston was one of four electorates to be first created for the 1890 election.[1]

Palmerston North reached its current approximate size at the expense of the old Manawatu electorate in the lead up to the introduction of mixed-member proportional (MMP) voting in 1996. The boundaries of the Palmerston North electorate were last adjusted in the 2007 redistribution, when the electorate became fully urban and covered all of the urbanised part of Palmerston North City, with the towns in its orbit such as Ashhurst and Linton becoming part of the neighbouring electorate of Rangitīkei. To counter the population loss on the Manawatu River's left bank, the section of the city on the right bank, including the suburb of Milson, was moved in at the same time.[2] No boundary adjustments were undertaken in the subsequent 2013/14 redistribution.[3]

At the 2013 census, the Palmerston North electorate reported the highest share of those working in the retail trade industry (11.4%); those whose occupation was a community and personal service worker (10.9%); and those whose households used mains (natural) gas as a heating fuel. Among general electorates, Palmerston North had the second-highest share of those working in the education and training sector (11.8%), and people affiliated with the Brethren religious denomination (1.2%).[4]

History

The electorate has been loyal to the Labour Party, not having elected a National MP since 1975, and having not re-elected a National MP since 1966.

The first representative of the Palmerston electorate was James Wilson.[5] Wilson previously represented the Foxton electorate until its abolition in 1890.[6] In the 1890 election, Wilson beat Frederick Pirani by 61 votes.[7] In the 1893 election, Wilson stood successfully in the Otaki electorate[5] and Palmerston was won by Pirani, who was confirmed in 1896 and 1899,[8] but defeated in 1902 when he contested the Hutt electorate.[9] In the 1899 election, Prime Minister Richard Seddon expressed his opposition to Pirani (who had previously stood for the Liberal Party) by endorsing William Thomas Wood, who came second that year.[7]

Wood was the successful candidate in the 1902 election, and he was confirmed in 1905.[10] The 1908 election was held under the Second Ballot Act, contested by three candidates. David Buick, Wood and W. Milverton received 2675, 2626 and 123 votes, respectively. As Buick did not receive an absolute majority, a second ballot was required.[11] Buick standing for the Reform Party was again successful in the second round of voting and was thus elected.[12] Buick was re-elected in 1911 and 1914, but died in office on 18 November 1918 during the influenza epidemic.[13]

Jimmy Nash, the sitting Mayor of Palmerston North, won the resulting by-election on 19 December 1918.[14] Nash was confirmed at the next five general elections,[14] but was defeated in the 1935 election by Joe Hodgens of the Labour Party in an election also contested by the then-mayor, Gus Mansford.[15] Hodgens had previously contested the electorate in the 1922 and 1931 elections. He retired from the electorate at the 1946 election due to the deteriorating health of his wife.[15]

The 1946 election was contested between Ormond Wilson for Labour and Mansford, whose relationship with the National Party was strained, since his 1935 election campaign had contributed to the defeat of Nash. Mansford failed to get nominated by the National Party for the 1938 and 1943 elections. So in 1946, the National Party decided not to stand a candidate, with Mansford running as an Independent. Wilson obtained a majority of 928 votes.[16]

Wilson lost the subsequent election in 1949 against Blair Tennent of the National Party.[17][18] Tennent was confirmed at the subsequent election, but then lost against the Labour candidate, Philip Skoglund, in the 1954 election.[18] Skoglund contested the 1957 election against Bill Brown of the National Party and was confirmed by the voters. However, in the 1960 election, Brown beat Skoglund by the narrow majority of 123 votes. At the 1963 election, Brown had a 772-vote majority to Skoglund. The 1966 election was contested by Brown against Labour's Joe Walding, with Brown holding a 259-vote majority. Brown died in office on 16 October 1967 at a function in Kaiapoi.[19]

The resulting 1967 by-election was contested by five candidates: Walding (Labour Party), Gordon Cruden (National Party), John O'Brien (Social Credit Party), Goldingham (Progress) and P. J. Wedderspoon (Democratic Labour). Walding obtained a majority of 592 votes.[20] Walding represented the Palmerston North electorate until the 1975 election, when he was defeated by John Lithgow, and from 1978 to 1981. Six months prior to the 1981 election, he announced his retirement from Parliament.[20]

The Labour nomination was hotly contested and Trevor de Cleene, a good friend of Walding, was the most experienced candidate who put his name forward for selection, and despite concerns about his often controversial nature, he was nominated by the party. The candidate put forward by National was his old foe Brian Elwood, with whom he had worked on the Palmerston North City Council for many years, and against whom he lost the mayoralty contest in 1974. Elwood and de Cleene received 8315 and 10425 votes, respectively (representing 35.7% and 48.5% of the vote), with de Cleene thus entering Parliament in 1981.[21] De Cleene won the 1984 election, called early by Robert Muldoon, with an increased majority over National's candidate, C G Singleton.[21] In the 1987 election, de Cleene raised his share of the vote to 56.2%, defeating National's Paul Curry. He did not seek re-election in the 1990 election.[21]

Iain Lees-Galloway was selected by the Labour Party as successor to retiring MP Steve Maharey, who became Vice Chancellor of Massey University, in a contested Labour Party selection for the 2008 election.[22] Lees-Galloway defeated the National Party candidate, Malcolm Plimmer, with a majority of 1,117 votes.[23][24] In the 2011 election, Lees-Galloway was confirmed with an increased majority of 3,285 votes, defeating National's Leonie Hapeta.[25] In the 2014 election, Lees-Galloway was challenged by the Mayor of Palmerston North, Jono Naylor, but remained successful.[26] Lees-Galloway had a decreased majority of 2,212 votes over Naylor.[27] Naylor was the lowest-ranked National MP who entered Parliament via their list.[28][29] Ian Lees-Galloway is to retire at the 2020 election and will be replaced by Tangi Utikere, the city's deputy mayor, as Labour candidate.

Members of Parliament

Key

  Independent     Conservative     Liberal     Independent Liberal     Reform     Labour     National     NZ First  

Election Winner
1890 election James Wilson
1893 election Frederick Pirani
1896 election
1899 election
1902 election William Wood
1905 election
1908 election David Buick
1911 election
1914 election
1918 by-election Jimmy Nash
1919 election
1922 election
1925 election
1928 election
1931 election
1935 election Joe Hodgens
1938 election
1943 election
1946 election Ormond Wilson
1949 election Blair Tennent
1951 election
1954 election Philip Skoglund
1957 election
1960 election Bill Brown
1963 election
1966 election
1967 by-election Joe Walding
1969 election
1972 election
1975 election John Lithgow
1978 election Joe Walding
1981 election Trevor de Cleene
1984 election
1987 election
1990 election Steve Maharey
1993 election
1996 election
1999 election
2002 election
2005 election
2008 election Iain Lees-Galloway
2011 election
2014 election
2017 election

List MPs

Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the Palmerston North electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

Election Winner
2014 election Jono Naylor
Darroch Ball
2017 election

Election results

2017 election
2017 general election: Palmerston North[30]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
Labour Y Iain Lees-Galloway 18,388 53.09 +3.39 14,648 41.37 +10.49
National Adrienne Pierce 11,946 34.58 −8.61 14,276 40.32 −2.77
NZ First Darroch Ball 2,155 6.24 +2.66 2,767 7.82 −0.82
Green Thomas Nash 1,960 5.67 — 2,166 6.12 −3.73
Money Free Scott Andrew 142 0.41 —
Opportunities   944 2.67 —
Māori   141 0.40 −0.08
ACT   138 0.39 −0.12
New Conservative   116 0.33 −4.17
Legalise Cannabis   96 0.27 −0.09
United Future   30 0.08 −0.15
Ban 1080   18 0.05 −0.04
People's Party   17 0.05 —
Outdoors   16 0.05 —
Mana   15 0.04 −0.92[lower-alpha 1]
Democrats   11 0.03 ±0.00
Internet   7 0.02 −0.94[lower-alpha 2]
Informal votes 471 139
Total Valid votes 34,551 35,406
Turnout 35,545
Labour hold Majority 6,392 18.51 +12.00

2014 election
2014 general election: Palmerston North[27]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
Labour Y Iain Lees-Galloway 16,885 49.70 −1.62 10,632 30.88 −3.00
National Jono Naylor 14,673 43.19 +2.07 14,835 43.09 −1.03
NZ First Darroch Ball 1,217 3.58 +3.58 2,973 8.64 +2.98
New Conservative Mark Pearce 689 2.03 −0.07 1,549 4.50 +1.48
Internet Pani Farvid 250 0.74 +0.74
Green   3,390 9.85 −0.65
Internet Mana   330 0.96 +0.68[lower-alpha 3]
ACT   175 0.51 −0.23
Māori   166 0.48 −0.03
Legalise Cannabis   123 0.36 −0.12
United Future   80 0.23 −0.41
Ban 1080   30 0.09 +0.09
Civilian   24 0.07 +0.07
Democrats   10 0.03 −0.02
Independent Coalition   10 0.03 +0.03
Focus   7 0.02 +0.02
Informal votes 257 93
Total Valid votes 33,871 34,427
Turnout 34,427 79.37 +3.46
Labour hold Majority 2,212 6.51 −3.69

2011 election
2011 general election: Palmerston North[25]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
Labour Y Iain Lees-Galloway 16,525 51.32 +4.50 11,194 33.88 -6.80
National Leonie Hapeta 13,240 41.12 -2.43 14,577 44.12 +3.46
Green Corrina Tucker 1,485 4.61 +0.19 3,469 10.50 +3.99
New Conservative Andrew Marquet 675 2.10 +2.10 997 3.02 +3.02
ACT Daniel Stratton 167 0.52 -0.71 245 0.74 -1.99
United Future Sultan Eusoff 109 0.34 -0.42 210 0.64 -0.60
NZ First   1,870 5.66 +1.61
Māori   168 0.51 -0.20
Legalise Cannabis   157 0.48 +0.07
Mana   94 0.28 +0.28
Alliance   23 0.07 +0.02
Libertarianz   19 0.06 +0.01
Democrats   15 0.05 +0.03
Informal votes 667 230
Total Valid votes 32,201 33,038
Labour hold Majority 3,285 10.20 +6.93

Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 43,524[31]

2008 election
2008 general election: Palmerston North[32]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
Labour Iain Lees-Galloway 15,977 46.82 14,108 40.68
National Malcolm Plimmer 14,860 43.55 14,103 40.66
Green Lawrence O'Halloran 1,509 4.42 2,258 6.51
NZ First Graham Odering 658 1.93 1,404 4.05
ACT Kevin Dittmer 420 1.23 948 2.73
Progressive Debbie Lucas 261 0.76 408 1.18
United Future Frank Owen 259 0.76 430 1.24
Independent Grant Seton 107 0.31
Independent Arshad Chatha 74 0.22
Bill and Ben   338 0.97
Māori   247 0.71
Legalise Cannabis   139 0.40
Kiwi   117 0.34
Family Party   89 0.26
Pacific   37 0.11
Alliance   16 0.05
Libertarianz   16 0.05
Workers Party   12 0.03
Democrats   6 0.02
RONZ   4 0.01
RAM   2 0.01
Informal votes 341 159
Total Valid votes 34,125 34,682
Labour hold Majority 1,117 3.27

2005 election
2005 general election: Palmerston North[33]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
Labour Y Steve Maharey 17,263 53.87 14,642 44.98
National Malcolm Plimmer 11,763 36.71 11,943 36.69
Green Lawrence O'Hallorahan 1,141 3.56 2,116 6.50
NZ First Graham Odering 853 2.66 1,673 5.14
United Future Gary Pedersen 627 1.96 1,071 3.29
Progressive Dawn Patchett 251 0.78 370 1.14
Independent Archard Chatha 147 0.46
ACT   285 0.88
Māori   161 0.49
Destiny   116 0.36
Legalise Cannabis   59 0.18
Christian Heritage   49 0.15
Libertarianz   18 0.06
Alliance   14 0.04
99 MP   10 0.03
One NZ   7 0.02
Democrats   6 0.02
Direct Democracy   6 0.02
RONZ   4 0.01
Family Rights   2 0.01
Informal votes 276 105
Total Valid votes 35,460 35,983
Labour hold Majority 5,500 17.16

1999 election

Refer to Candidates in the New Zealand general election 1999 by electorate#Palmerston North for a list of candidates.

1993 election
1993 general election: Palmerston North[34]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Steve Maharey 9,049 46.24 +4.29
National Barbara Stones 5,285 27.00
Alliance Gerard Hehir 3,474 17.75
NZ First Graham Odering 1,220 6.23
Christian Heritage Kay Burgess 413 2.11 +1.44
Natural Law Tony Martin 66 0.33
Independent Pat Goaley 48 0.24 +0.02
Independent Evan Matthew Nattrass 40 0.20
Majority 3,764 19.23 +17.47
Turnout 19,569 83.25 +1.02
Registered electors 23,504

1990 election
1990 general election: Palmerston North[35]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Steve Maharey 8,283 41.95
National P L Sherriff 7,934 40.18
Green Ashok Parbhu 1,465 7.41
Social Credit Bruce Beetham 851 4.31
NewLabour B J Short 701 3.55
Christian Heritage Kay Burgess 359 1.81
Democrats S A M Collins 107 0.54
Independent Pat Goaley 44 0.22
Majority 349 1.76
Turnout 19,744 84.27 -3.52
Registered electors 23,429

1987 election
1987 general election: Palmerston North[36]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Trevor de Cleene 11,192 56.20 +5.85
National Paul Curry 7,955 39.95
Democrats Jacqueline Lush 505 2.53
McGillicuddy Serious N G Colless 170 0.85
NZ Party E B Halford 90 0.45
Majority 3,327 16.70 +1.94
Turnout 19,912 87.79 -4.16
Registered electors 22,681

1984 election
1984 general election: Palmerston North[36]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Trevor de Cleene 10,341 50.35 +1.88
National C G Singleton 7,308 35.58
NZ Party Carol Coupler 2,123 10.33
Social Credit M Smith 765 3.72
Majority 3,033 14.76 +4.95
Turnout 20,537 91.95 +1.99
Registered electors 22,333

1981 election
1981 general election: Palmerston North[36]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Trevor de Cleene 10,425 48.47
National Brian Elwood 8,315 38.66
Social Credit Jacqueline Lush 2,567 11.93
Values H T Kaa 113 0.52
Independent W J Harris 87 0.40
Majority 2,110 9.81
Turnout 21,507 89.96 +22.56
Registered electors 23,905

1978 election
1978 general election: Palmerston North[36]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Joe Walding 10,629 49.02 +6.35
National John Lithgow 7,893 36.40 -6.97
Social Credit Peter Joseph Edmonds 2,558 11.79 +4.63
Values George Ferdinand Serrallich 551 2.54
Tory Andrew John Smith 48 0.22
Majority 2,736 12.62
Turnout 21,679 67.40 -16.25
Registered electors 32,162

1975 election
1975 general election: Palmerston North[36]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
National John Lithgow 8,801 43.37
Labour Joe Walding 8,659 42.67 -7.89
Social Credit Peter Joseph Edmonds 1,453 7.16
Values N W Rennie 1,378 6.79
Majority 142 0.69
Turnout 20,291 83.65 -6.03
Registered electors 24,257

1972 election
1972 general election: Palmerston North[36]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Joe Walding 8,888 50.56 +3.52
National Paul William Mitchell 7,122 40.51
Social Credit B K Harper 694 3.94
Values D J Woodhams 676 3.84
Mad Hatter's Tea Party Mickey Mouse[nb 1] 76 0.43
New Democratic L A Inglis 32 0.18
Majority 1,766 10.04 +9.15
Turnout 17,579 89.68 -1.50
Registered electors 19,600

Table footnotes:

  1. Candidate Chris Lawrence changed his name on the ballot to "Mickey Mouse".[37]

1969 election
1969 general election: Palmerston North[38]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Joe Walding 8,492 47.04 +3.10
National Gordon Cruden 8,331 46.15 +5.96
Social Credit Les Hunter 1,229 6.80
Majority 161 0.89 -2.86
Turnout 18,052 91.18 +14.79
Registered electors 19,797

1967 by-election
1967 Palmerston North by-election
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Joe Walding 6,939 43.94 -0.56
National Gordon Cruden 6,347 40.19
Social Credit John O'Brien 2,410 15.26
Democratic Labour Jamie Wedderspoon 61 0.39
Progress J. Q. Goldringham 34 0.22
Majority 592 3.75
Turnout 15,791 76.39 -12.56
Registered electors 19,873
Labour gain from National Swing

1966 election
1966 general election: Palmerston North[38]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
National Bill Brown 7,865 46.01 -3.17
Labour Joe Walding 7,606 44.50
Social Credit George Thew 1,620 9.47
Majority 259 1.51 -3.20
Turnout 17,091 88.95 -2.62
Registered electors 19,213

1963 election
1963 general election: Palmerston North[38]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
National Bill Brown 8,047 49.18 +2.74
Labour Philip Skoglund 7,275 44.46 +1.15
Social Credit T A Greenwood 815 4.98
Liberal R J Pedley 165 1.00
Communist Gordon Allison 58 0.35
Majority 772 4.71 +3.88
Turnout 16,360 91.57 +0.90
Registered electors 17,865

1960 election
1960 general election: Palmerston North[38]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
National Bill Brown 7,401 46.44 +4.17
Labour Philip Skoglund 7,268 45.61 -5.58
Social Credit Roy Matheson Gunn 1,186 7.44
Communist Frederick William Manning 79 0.49
Majority 133 0.83
Turnout 15,934 90.67 -2.51
Registered electors 17,572

1957 election
1957 general election: Palmerston North[38]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Philip Skoglund 7,931 51.19 +2.94
National Bill Brown 6,583 42.49
Social Credit Henry Harold Egmont Kensington 978 6.31
Majority 1,348 8.70 +6.37
Turnout 15,492 93.18 -0.89
Registered electors 16,625

1954 election
1954 general election: Palmerston North[38]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Philip Skoglund 7,160 48.25
National Blair Tennent 6,814 45.92 -4.77
Social Credit S W Wood 863 5.81
Majority 346 2.33
Turnout 14,837 94.07 +4.02
Registered electors 15,772

1951 election
1951 general election: Palmerston North[39]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
National Blair Tennent 7,288 50.69 -1.13
Labour Joe Hodgens 7,088 49.31
Majority 200 1.39 -2.25
Turnout 14,376 90.05 -3.12
Registered electors 15,964

1949 election
1949 general election: Palmerston North[40]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
National Blair Tennent 7,368 51.82
Labour Ormond Wilson 6,850 48.17 -5.25
Majority 518 3.64
Turnout 14,218 93.17 +0.17
Registered electors 15,260

1946 election
1946 general election: Palmerston North[41]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Ormond Wilson 7,237 53.42
Independent Gus Mansford 6,309 46.57 -0.08
Majority 928 6.85
Turnout 13,546 93.00 +1.92
Registered electors 14,565

1943 election
1943 general election: Palmerston North[42]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Joe Hodgens 7,346 48.03 -9.24
Independent Gus Mansford 7,134 46.65
Democratic Labour Sydney Hindmarsh 613 4.00
Informal votes 199 1.30 +0.86
Majority 212 1.38 -13.60
Turnout 15,292 91.08 +2.41
Registered electors 16,789

1938 election
1938 general election: Palmerston North[43]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Joe Hodgens 8,093 57.27 +22.81
National Jimmy Nash 5,975 42.28 +10.37
Informal votes 63 0.44 +0.02
Majority 2,118 14.98 +14.15
Turnout 14,131 88.67 -1.33
Registered electors 15,936

1935 election
1935 general election: Palmerston North[44]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Joe Hodgens 4,730 34.46 -10.31
Independent Gus Mansford 4,615 33.62
Reform Jimmy Nash 4,380 31.91 -23.42
Informal votes 58 0.42 -0.15
Majority 115 0.83
Turnout 13,725 90.00 +6.18
Registered electors 15,249

1931 election
1931 general election: Palmerston[45]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Reform Jimmy Nash 6,465 55.33 +5.92
Labour Joe Hodgens 5,220 44.67
Majority 1,245 10.65 -10.23
Informal votes 67 0.57 -1.07
Turnout 11,752 83.82 -3.88
Registered electors 14,020

1928 election
1928 general election: Palmerston[46]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Reform Jimmy Nash 5,558 49.40 -16.91
Labour Walter Bromley 3,208 28.52 -5.17
United Charles Albert Loughnan[nb 1] 2,484 22.08
Majority 2,350 20.89 -11.75
Informal votes 188 1.64 -0.44
Turnout 11,438 87.71 -2.04
Registered electors 13,041

Table footnotes:

  1. Charles Loughnan (died 1955), younger brother of Robert Loughnan, was the founder of Loughnan and Jacobs, solicitors in Palmerston North, now Jacobs Florentine.[47]

1925 election
1925 general election: Palmerston[48]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Reform Jimmy Nash 6,584 66.32
Labour Walter Bromley 3,344 33.68
Majority 3,240 32.63
Informal votes 211 2.08
Turnout 10,139 89.75
Registered electors 11,297

1919 election
1919 general election: Palmerston[49]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Reform Jimmy Nash 4,617 54.94 +13.38
Labour Moses Ayrton 3,613 42.99
Informal votes 173 2.05
Majority 1,004 11.94 +6.07
Turnout 8,403

1918 by-election
1918 Palmerston by-election[50]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Reform Jimmy Nash 2,229 41.56
Labour Alexander Galbraith 1,914 35.68
Liberal Ernest Hugh Crabb[51] 1,119 20.86
Independent Reform A. Buchanan 101 1.88
Majority 315 5.87
Turnout 5,363

1899 election
1899 general election: Palmerston[52]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Independent Liberal Frederick Pirani 1,980 48.49 -2.30
Liberal William Thomas Wood 1,465 35.88
Conservative David Buick 638 15.63 -33.58
Majority 515 12.61 +11.03
Turnout 4,083 76.32 -2.90
Registered electors 5,350

1890 election
1890 general election: Palmerston[53]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative James Wilson 1,055 43.14
Liberal–Labour Frederick Pirani 994 40.65
Liberal John Stevens 396 16.19
Majority 61 2.49
Turnout 2,445 63.55
Registered electors 3,847

Table footnotes
  1. 2017 Mana Party swing is relative to the votes for Internet-Mana in 2014; it shared a party list with the Internet Party in the 2014 election
  2. 2017 Internet Party swing is relative to the votes for Internet-Mana in 2014; it shared a party list with Mana Party in the 2014 election
  3. 2014 Internet Mana swing is relative to the votes for Mana in 2011; it shared a party list with Internet in the 2014 election.

Notes
  1. McRobie 1989, pp. 54ff.
  2. Report of the Representation Commission 2007 (PDF). Representation Commission. 14 September 2007. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-477-10414-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 January 2019. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  3. Report of the Representation Commission 2014 (PDF). Representation Commission. 4 April 2014. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-477-10414-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  4. "Palmerston North electorate profile". Parliamentary Library. December 2017. Retrieved 8 November 2018. This article incorporates text by the Parliamentary Library available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
  5. Scholefield 1950, p. 148.
  6. Scholefield 1950, p. 157.
  7. Oliver, Steven (22 June 2007). "Pirani, Frederick 1858–1926". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Retrieved 13 December 2011.
  8. Scholefield 1950, p. 132.
  9. "Untitled". The Evening Post. LXIV (131). 29 November 1902. p. 6. Retrieved 12 December 2011.
  10. Scholefield 1950, p. 149.
  11. "Palmerston". The Wanganui Herald. XXXXIII (12621). 18 November 1908. p. 5. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
  12. "In other Districts". Nelson Evening Mail. XLII. 25 November 1908. p. 2. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
  13. "David Buick : Member of Parliament for Palmerston North 1908–1918" (PDF). New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
  14. Scholefield 1950, p. 128.
  15. Atkinson, Neill. "Hodgens, Joseph". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 23 December 2011.
  16. Hancock, Mervyn (December 2005). "George Hamish Ormond Wilson : Member of Parliament for Rangitikei 1935–1938 Palmerston North 1946–1949" (PDF). Palmerston North Library. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-25. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
  17. Paul, Janet. "Wilson, George Hamish Ormond - Biography". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 23 December 2011.
  18. Pilkington, Dorothy. "Tennent, William Blair - Biography". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
  19. Hancock, Mervyn (December 2005). "George Hamish Ormond Wilson : Member of Parliament for Palmerston North 1960–67" (PDF). Palmerston North Library. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
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gollark: Say what you will about the UK government and their various issues but they have cool datasets.
gollark: Weird, that.
gollark: Evolution of code never seems to work well.
gollark: I think there's newer data out though.
gollark: Initiating orbital space lens.

References
  • McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Scholefield, Guy (1950) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 (3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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