Mount Albert (New Zealand electorate)

Mount Albert (abbreviated as Mt Albert) is a parliamentary electorate based around the suburb of Mount Albert in Auckland, New Zealand, returning one member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Representatives. It has elected only Labour Party MPs since it was first contested at the 1946 election. The current representative is Jacinda Ardern, who was first elected in a 2017 by-election, gaining 77 percent of votes cast in the preliminary results.[1] It was previously represented by David Shearer from 13 June 2009 to 31 December 2016. It was represented by Helen Clark from the 1981 general election until her resignation from Parliament on 17 April 2009.

Mount Albert electorate boundaries used since the 2014 election

The area that the electorate contains is notable for having produced three Labour prime ministers – Michael Joseph Savage, who represented the Auckland West electorate that Mt Albert was created out of in 1946; Helen Clark; and incumbent Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern. Additionally, David Shearer served as Labour Party leader in opposition.[2] Warren Freer, who represented the electorate from 1947 to 1981, served as acting Prime Minister on three occasions.[3]

Population centres

The 1941 New Zealand census had been postponed due to World War II, so the 1946 electoral redistribution had to take ten years of population growth and movements into account. The North Island gained a further two electorates from the South Island due to faster population growth. The abolition of the country quota through the Electoral Amendment Act, 1945 reduced the number and increased the size of rural electorates. None of the existing electorates remained unchanged, 27 electorates were abolished, eight former electorates were re-established, and 19 electorates were created for the first time, including Mount Albert.[4]

Mount Albert covers a segment of the western Auckland isthmus, based around the suburb of Mount Albert and stretching from Kingsland on the eastern periphery of the central city down to Sandringham and extending as far as Avondale on the seat's western edge. Changes brought about by an electoral redistribution after the 2006 census saw a swap of suburbs with neighbouring Auckland Central – Newton on the city fringe being returned to Auckland Central, having been moved out in 1999, and Point Chevalier being drafted in.

The present incarnation of Mount Albert dates to 1999, when the creation of the Mount Roskill seat necessitated removing the suburbs clustered around the north side of Manukau Harbour from the Owairaka electorate. The name Mount Albert had been out of use for only three years – before Owairaka was drawn up ahead of the change to Mixed Member Proportional voting in 1996, the Mount Albert electorate had been part of the New Zealand electoral landscape for fifty years.

History

Mount Albert was first created for the 1946 election.[5] The electorate is notable for being contested by three later Prime Ministers, Robert Muldoon, Helen Clark and Jacinda Ardern.

The first representative, Arthur Shapton Richards, died after only one year in the office.[6]

Richards was succeeded by Warren Freer in the 1947 by-election, and Freer held the electorate until he retired in 1981.[7] Freer was challenged in the 1954 election by National's Muldoon (Prime Minister from 1975 to 1984). This occasion was Muldoon's first attempt at entering Parliament.[8] He tried to claim the seat from Labour, but no National Party candidate has ever managed to achieve what Muldoon also couldn't do. Mount Albert's inner-suburb, working-class composition makes it one of the Labour Party's safest seats. Muldoon had also previously in 1951, failed to win the National nomination for the Mount Albert electorate.[8]

Freer was succeeded by Helen Clark,[9] who held the electorate until 1993, when it was abolished and she moved to the Owairaka electorate instead. When the Mount Albert electorate was re-established for the 1999 election, Clark became the representative again. Clark was Prime Minister from 1999 to 2008. In 2009, she resigned to become head of the United Nations Development Programme.[10]

Clark was succeeded by David Shearer through the 13 June 2009 by-election. He was re-elected as MP in the 2011 and 2014 general elections. However, his appointment to lead the United Nation's peacekeeping mission in South Sudan, pending his resignation, will result in a by-election in early 2017.[11] After the by-election, Jacinda Ardern became the new representative for the electorate, and became Labour leader 8 weeks before the 2017 election after Andrew Little stepped down as Labour leader. Ardern also moved electorate from Auckland Central, and won the Mt. Albert MP role in the 2017 election.

Members of Parliament

Key

  Labour  

Election Winner
1946 election Arthur Shapton Richards
1947 by-election Warren Freer
1949 election
1951 election
1954 election
1957 election
1960 election
1963 election
1966 election
1969 election
1972 election
1975 election
1978 election
1981 election Helen Clark
1984 election
1987 election
1990 election
1993 election
(Electorate abolished 1996–1999), see Owairaka)
1999 election Helen Clark (2nd period)
2002 election
2005 election
2008 election
2009 by-election David Shearer
2011 election
2014 election
2017 by-election Jacinda Ardern
2017 election

List MPs

Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the Mount Albert electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

Key

  National     Green  

Election Winner
2011 election David Clendon
Melissa Lee
2014 election Melissa Lee
2017 election Julie Anne Genter
Melissa Lee

Election results

2017 election
2017 general election: Mount Albert[12]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
Labour Y Jacinda Ardern 24,416 63.91 +5.74 16,742 43.19 +13.88
National Melissa Lee 9,152 23.95 −4.66 13,112 33.82 −5.56
Green Julie Anne Genter 2,438 6.38 −2.36 5,657 14.59 −7.09
Opportunities Dan Thurston 924 2.41 - 1,144 2.95 —
NZ First Andrew Littlejohn 724 1.89 — 1,329 3.42 −0.68
New Conservative Jeff Johnson 117 0.30 −1.16 65 0.16 −1.79
Independent Bruce Stockman 66 0.17 —
Independent Anthony Van den Heuvel 28 0.07 −0.14
ACT   229 0.59 −0.47
Māori   175 0.45 −0.03
Legalise Cannabis   63 0.16 −0.09
People's Party   31 0.07 —
United Future   22 0.05 −0.10
Outdoors   17 0.04 —
Internet   12 0.04 —
Mana   8 0.02 —
Ban 1080   6 0.01 −0.02
Democrats   2 0.01 −0.01
Informal votes 334 146
Total Valid votes 38,199 38,760
Turnout 38,760
Labour hold Majority 15,264 39.96 +10.40

2017 by-election

The following table shows the final results:[13]

2017 Mount Albert by-election

Notes: Blue background denotes the winner of the by-election.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list prior to the by-election.
Yellow background denotes the winner of the by-election, who was a list MP prior to the by-election.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Jacinda Ardern 10,495 76.89
Green Julie Anne Genter 1,564 11.45
Opportunities Geoff Simmons 623 4.56
People's Party Vin Tomar 218 1.59
Socialist Aotearoa Joe Carolan 189 1.38
Independent Penny Bright 139 1.01
Legalise Cannabis Abe Gray 97 0.71
Independent Adam Amos 81 0.59
Independent Dale Arthur 54 0.39
Human Rights Anthony Van den Heuvel 34 0.24
Independent Peter Wakeman 30 0.21
Not A Party Simon Smythe 19 0.13
Communist League Patrick Brown 16 0.11
Informal votes 90 0.65
Total Valid votes 13,649 30.00
Labour hold Majority 8,931 65.43

2014 election
2014 general election: Mount Albert[14]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
Labour Y David Shearer 20,970 58.17 −1.02 10,823 29.31 −7.78
National Melissa Lee 10,314 28.61 +1.11 14,359 38.89 +2.22
Green Jeanette Elley 3,152 8.74 −0.75 8,005 21.68 +4.53
New Conservative Jeff Johnson 525 1.46 −1.03 719 1.95 +0.34
ACT Tommy Fergusson 321 0.89 −0.45 356 0.96 +0.03
Mana Joe Carolan 290 0.80 +0.80
Human Rights Anthony van den Heuvel 76 0.21 +0.21
Independent Michael Wackrow 68 0.19 +0.19
NZ First   1,512 4.10 −0.43
Internet Mana   603 1.63 +1.05[lower-alpha 1]
Māori   178 0.48 −0.04
Legalise Cannabis   93 0.25 −0.16
United Future   57 0.15 −0.20
Ban 1080   12 0.03 +0.03
Civilian   11 0.03 +0.03
Democrats   7 0.02 ±0.00
Focus   6 0.02 +0.02
Independent Coalition   5 0.01 +0.01
Informal votes 336 176
Total Valid votes 36,052 36,922
Turnout 36,922 79.41 +6.42
Labour hold Majority 10,656 29.56 −2.13

2011 election
2011 general election: Mount Albert[15]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
Labour Y David Shearer 18,716 59.19 -0.10 12,238 37.09 -5.51
National Melissa Lee 8,695 27.50 -1.35 12,102 36.67 +1.01
Green David Clendon 3,000 9.49 +3.55 5,660 17.15 +6.15
New Conservative Frank Poching 786 2.49 +2.49 532 1.61 +1.61
ACT Stephen Boyle 425 1.34 -2.75 306 0.93 -2.58
NZ First   1,494 4.53 +1.85
Mana   191 0.58 -+0.58
Māori   172 0.52 -0.26
Legalise Cannabis   135 0.41 +0.12
United Future   114 0.35 -0.32
Libertarianz   29 0.09 +0.04
Alliance   21 0.06 +0.01
Democrats   5 0.02 -0.005
Informal votes 969 272
Total Valid votes 31,622 32,999
Labour hold Majority 10,021 31.69 +1.24

Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 45,208[16]

2009 by-election
2009 Mount Albert by-election

Notes: Blue background denotes the winner of the by-election.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list prior to the by-election.
Yellow background denotes the winner of the by-election, who was a list MP prior to the by-election.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour David Shearer 13,260 63.49 +4.20
National Melissa Leea 3,542 16.96 -11.88
Green Russel Normana 2,567 12.29 +6.35
ACT John Boscawena 968 4.63 +0.54
Bill and Ben Ben Boyce 158 0.76
Legalise Cannabis Dakta Green 92 0.44
Kiwi Simonne Dyer 91 0.44
United Future Judy Turner 89 0.43
Libertarianz Julian Pistorius 39 0.19
Independent Jim Bagnell 24 0.11
Independent Ari Baker 15 0.07
Human Rights Anthony Van den Heuvel 13 0.06
People Before Profit Malcom France 13 0.06
Independent Jackson James Wood 9 0.04
People's Choice Rusty Kane 5 0.02
Informal votes 58
Total Valid votes 20,885
Labour hold Majority 9,718 46.40 +4.02

a Three candidates were list MPs elected at the 2008 election.

2008 election
2008 general election: Mount Albert[17]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
Labour Y Helen Clark 20,157 59.29 -7.26 14,894 42.60 -11.73
National Ravi Musuku 9,806 28.84 +9.21 12,468 35.66 +9.31
Green Jon Carapiet 2,019 5.94 +1.22 3,846 11.00 +1.73
ACT Kathleen McCabe 1,392 4.09 +1.72 1,227 3.51 +1.49
Kiwi Christian Dawson 249 0.73 157 0.45
Pacific Milo Siilata 234 0.69 273 0.78
Human Rights Anthony van den Heuvel 87 0.26
RONZ Dave Llewell 53 0.16 +0.16 16 0.05 +0.03
NZ First   936 2.68 -0.70
Māori   273 0.78 -0.26
Progressive   244 0.70
United Future   232 0.66
Bill and Ben   132 0.38
Legalise Cannabis   101 0.29
Family Party   92 0.26
Alliance   19 0.05
RAM   19 0.05
Libertarianz   16 0.05
Workers Party   11 0.03
Democrats   7 0.02
Informal votes 410 256
Total Valid votes 33,997 34,963
Labour hold Majority 10,351

2005 election
2005 general election: Mount Albert[18]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
Labour Y Helen Clark 20,918 66.55 -1.94 17,501 54.33 +2.53
National Ravi Musuku 6,169 19.63 8,488 26.35 +13.33
Green Jon Carapiet 1,485 4.72 -0.67 2,985 9.27 -1.35
NZ First Julian Batchelor 746 2.37 1,089 3.38 -3.01
ACT David Seymour 746 2.37 651 2.02 -5.09
United Future Tony Gordon 529 1.68 649 2.01 -3.28
Progressive Jenny Wilson 407 1.29 525 1.59 -0.10
Destiny Anne Williamson 337 1.07 157 0.49
Independent Jim Bagnall 83 0.26
Anti-Capitalist Daphna Whitmore 79 0.25 -0.15
Independent Anthony Ravlich 47 0.15
Direct Democracy Howard Ponga 30 0.10 10 0.03
Independent Erik Taylor 29 0.09
Māori   168 0.52
Legalise Cannabis   43 0.13 -0.40
Christian Heritage   40 0.12 -0.89
Alliance   22 0.07 -1.69
Family Rights   20 0.06
Libertarianz   19 0.06
RONZ   8 0.02
99 MP   6 0.02
Democrats   3 0.01
One NZ   0 0.00 -0.01
Informal votes 316 130
Total Valid votes 31,747 32,342
Labour hold Majority 14,749

2002 election
2002 general election: Mount Albert[19]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
Labour Y Helen Clark 19,514 68.49 15,021 51.80
National Raewyn Bhana 3,490 12.24 3,777 13.02
ACT Bruce Williams 1,550 5.44 2,063 7.11
Green Jon Carapiet 1,537 5.39 3,080 10.62
United Future Hassan Hosseini 726 2.54 1,534 5.29
Christian Heritage Pauline G Cooper 426 1.49 295 1.01
Alliance Jill Ovens 334 1.17 494 1.70
Progressive Gillian Dance 299 1.04 491 1.69
Legalise Cannabis Daphna Whitmore 116 0.40 115 0.53
Independent Rick Stevenson 52 0.18
NZ First   1,855 6.39
ORNZ   98 0.33
Mana Māori   6 0.02
One NZ   4 0.01
NMP   4 0.01
Informal votes 447 160
Total Valid votes 28,491 28,997
Labour hold Majority 16,024 56.24

1999 election
1999 general election: Mount Albert[20][21]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
Labour Helen Clark 18,982 64.37 15,327 51.37
National Noelene Buckland 5,874 19.92 6,823 22.87
Alliance Jill Ovens 1,139 3.86 2,146 7.19
ACT Daniel King 1,062 3.60 1,776 5.95
Green Mike Johnson 1,032 3.50 1,675 5.61
Christian Heritage Diane Taylor 658 2.23 542 1.82
NZ First Seini Mafi 403 1.37 694 2.33
McGillicuddy Serious Kerry Hoole 193 0.65 29 0.65
United NZ Hassan Hosseini 124 0.42 186 0.62
Republican Jane Hotere 23 0.08 3 0.01
Legalise Cannabis   186 0.62
Libertarianz   58 0.19
Animals First   46 0.15
Mauri Pacific   14 0.05
Natural Law   12 0.04
One NZ   9 0.03
Mana Māori   7 0.02
South Island   6 0.02
NMP   3 0.01
The People's Choice   1 0.003
Informal votes 656 309
Total Valid votes 29,490 29,837
Labour win new seat Majority 13,108 44.45

1993 election
1993 general election: Mount Albert[22]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Helen Clark 9,546 49.41 +5.93
National Vanessa Brown 4,890 25.31
Alliance Doug McGee 2,873 14.87
NZ First Elizabeth Anderson 1,370 7.09
Christian Heritage Jens Meder 259 1.34
McGillicuddy Serious KT Julian 195 1.00
Workers Rights Ivan Sowry 97 0.50
Natural Law Stewart Sanson 62 0.32
Defence Movement Anthony Van Den Heuvel 25 0.12
Majority 4,656 24.10 +17.35
Turnout 19,317 83.45 +1.26
Registered electors 23,146

1990 election
1990 general election: Mount Albert[23]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Helen Clark 7,914 43.48 -18.77
National Larry Belshaw 6,684 36.72
Green Harry Parke 1,774 9.74
NewLabour Jennie Walker 1,418 7.79
McGillicuddy Serious Adrian Holroyd 151 0.82
Social Credit Richard Povall 133 0.73
Democrats Syd Leach 127 0.69
Majority 1,230 6.75 -23.68
Turnout 18,201 82.19 -1.83
Registered electors 22,143

1987 election
1987 general election: Mount Albert[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Helen Clark 11,326 62.25 +5.51
National Rob Wheeler 5,989 32.91
Democrats Gillian Dance 861 4.73
Independent Malcolm Moses 17 0.09
Majority 5,537 30.43 +1.64
Turnout 18,193 84.02 -5.80
Registered electors 21,653

1984 election
1984 general election: Mount Albert[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Helen Clark 12,231 56.74 +5.42
National Rod Cavanagh 6,024 27.94
NZ Party Michelle Gonsalves 2,390 11.08
Social Credit Douglas McGee 908 4.21
Majority 6,207 28.79 +8.80
Turnout 21,553 89.82 +3.48
Registered electors 23,995

1981 election
1981 general election: Mount Albert[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Helen Clark 10,027 51.32
National Warren Moyes 6,120 31.32
Social Credit Harold Dance 3,391 17.35 +5.84
Majority 3,907 19.99
Turnout 19,538 86.34 +2.00
Registered electors 22,627

1978 election
1978 general election: Mount Albert[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Warren Freer 9,718 47.55 +2.40
National Frank Ryan 7,994 39.11 -4.74
Social Credit Harold Dance 2,353 11.51
Values Sheelah Chalken 371 1.81
Majority 2,861 13.99 +12.64
Turnout 20,436 84.34 -5.07
Registered electors 24,229

1975 election
1975 general election: Mount Albert[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Warren Freer 8,231 45.15 -11.04
National Frank Ryan 7,994 43.85
Values Barrie McKay 1,060 5.81
Social Credit Clarkson James 914 5.01
Socialist Unity Les Bravery 28 0.15
Majority 247 1.35 -22.97
Turnout 18,227 79.27 -8.62
Registered electors 22,993

1972 election
1972 general election: Mount Albert[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Warren Freer 9,196 56.19 +2.05
National John Hamilton Malcolm 5,216 31.87
Social Credit Byrt Jordan 1,024 6.25
Values Terrence Michael McGrath 724 4.42
New Democratic Pauline Howie 203 1.24
Majority 3,980 24.32 +7.37
Turnout 16,363 87.89 -0.93
Registered electors 18,617

1969 election
1969 general election: Mount Albert[25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Warren Freer 9,057 54.14 +2.81
National Gavin Downie 6,220 37.18
Social Credit Tom Weal 1,451 8.67
Majority 2,837 16.95 -1.56
Turnout 16,728 88.82 +3.80
Registered electors 18,832

1966 election
1966 general election: Mount Albert[25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Warren Freer 7,359 51.33 -3.37
National Tom Hibbert 4,705 32.82
Social Credit Tom Weal 2,270 15.83
Majority 2,654 18.51 -0.64
Turnout 14,334 85.02 -5.54
Registered electors 16,858

1963 election
1963 general election: Mount Albert[25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Warren Freer 8,618 54.70 +1.50
National Jeffrey Lloyd Reid 5,600 35.54
Social Credit Tom Weal 1,058 6.71
Liberal Walter Ellis Christie 478 3.03
Majority 3,018 19.15 +7.87
Turnout 15,754 90.56 +0.17
Registered electors 17,396

1960 election
1960 general election: Mount Albert[25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Warren Freer 7,905 53.20 -7.51
National Clarice Anderson 6,229 41.92
Social Credit N R Monteith 690 4.64
Independent L Pitcher 34 0.22
Majority 1,676 11.28 -16.33
Turnout 14,858 90.39 -3.11
Registered electors 16,437

1957 election
1957 general election: Mount Albert[25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Warren Freer 8,766 60.71 +2.90
National Geoffrey Taylor 4,779 33.10
Social Credit John Francis Gerrard 892 6.17
Majority 3,987 27.61 +5.52
Turnout 14,437 93.50 +1.28
Registered electors 15,439

1954 election
1954 general election: Mount Albert[25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Warren Freer 8,441 57.81 +5.59
National Robert Muldoon 5,215 35.72
Social Credit Walter Crispin 943 6.45
Majority 3,226 22.09 +17.65
Turnout 14,599 92.22 +1.66
Registered electors 15,830

1951 election
1951 general election: Mount Albert[25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Warren Freer 7,092 52.22 -1.19
National Reg Judson 6,488 47.77 +1.18
Majority 604 4.44 -2.37
Turnout 13,580 90.56 -3.06
Registered electors 14,994

1949 election
1949 general election: Mount Albert[26]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Warren Freer 7,295 53.41 -2.60
National Reg Judson 6,364 46.59
Majority 931 6.81 -5.21
Turnout 13,659 93.62 +6.53
Registered electors 14,589

1947 by-election
1947 Mount Albert by-election[25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Warren Freer 7,235 56.01
National Jack Garland 5,682 43.99
Majority 1,553 12.02
Informal votes 26 0.20 -0.34
Turnout 12,943 87.09 -7.38
Registered electors 14,861
Labour hold Swing

1946 election
1946 general election: Mount Albert[25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Arthur Shapton Richards 7,681 56.88
National Frederick Ashley Hosking 5,824 43.12
Informal votes 74 0.54
Majority 1,857 13.75
Turnout 13,579 94.47
Registered electors 14,374

Table footnotes
  1. 2014 Internet Mana swing is relative to the votes for Mana in 2011; it shared a party list with Internet in the 2014 election.

Notes
  1. "Jacinda Ardern wins landslide victory Mt Albert by-election". The New Zealand Herald. 25 February 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
  2. Moir, Jo (2 August 2017). "Mt Albert – the political home of Labour leaders for almost 100 yearselection". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
  3. Freer 2004, p. 190.
  4. McRobie 1989, pp. 91–96.
  5. Wilson 1985, p. 267.
  6. Gower, Patrick (31 March 2009). "Seven Labour candidates tipped to try for Mt Albert seat". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 7 November 2013.
  7. Wilson 1985, p. 198.
  8. Gustafson, Barry. "Muldoon, Robert David". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  9. Wilson 1985, p. 189.
  10. "Helen Clark unanimously confirmed as new head of UNDP" (Press release). United Nations Development Program. 31 March 2009. Archived from the original on 3 April 2009. Retrieved 21 September 2009.
  11. Sam Sachdeva (14 December 2016). "David Shearer formally appointed to lead UN peacekeeping team in South Sudan". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
  12. "Official Count Results (2017) – Mount Albert". Electoral Commission. 7 October 2017.
  13. "Mt Albert - Preliminary Count". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
  14. "Official Count Results – Mt Albert (2014)". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
  15. 2011 election results
  16. "Enrolment statistics". Electoral Commission. 26 November 2011. Archived from the original on 10 November 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
  17. 2008 election results Archived 11 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  18. 2005 election results Archived 31 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  19. 2002 election results
  20. "Official Count Results (1999) – Electoral Votes for registered parties by electorate". NZ Electoral Commission. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
  21. "Official Count Results (1999) – Candidate Vote Details". NZ Electoral Commission. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
  22. Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1993.
  23. Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1990.
  24. Norton 1988, p. 281.
  25. Norton 1988, p. 280.
  26. "The General Election, 1949". National Library. 1950. pp. 1–5, 8. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
gollark: I'm GETTING to that.
gollark: "Apioforms" were invented by Heavpoot in early July, and spread out of direct messages to here a week or so later.
gollark: The whole thing began earlier this year when esolangs started really liking bees, which picked up in May.
gollark: Well, I can explain it *briefly* now.
gollark: A more comprehensive account of the apioform would include its history and evolution, as well as the communities where it's now most prevalent.

References
  • McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946–1987: Occasional Publications No 1, Department of Political Science. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington. ISBN 0-475-11200-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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