State police

State police or provincial police are a type of sub-national territorial police force found in nations organized as federations, typically in North America, South Asia, and Oceania. These forces typically have jurisdiction over the relevant sub-national jurisdiction, and may cooperate in law enforcement activities with municipal or national police where either exist.

SEK members of the State Police of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany during an exercise
Not to be confused with Police state.
For the 1938 American film, see State Police (film).
"State Trooper" redirects here. For the Bruce Springsteen song, see Nebraska (album). For the 1956-1959 syndicated television series starring Rod Cameron, see State Trooper (TV series). For the 1933 film, see State Trooper (film).

Argentina

In Argentina, as a federal country, each province has its own independent police force and its responsible of its funding, training and equipment. State police agencies are responsible of all the territory of a determinate state. There is almost no municipal/local law enforcement in Argentina, and if there is, is limited to traffic duties.

Australia

Each state of Australia has its own state police force. Municipalities do not have police forces and it is left to the state forces to police all geographic areas within their respective states. Australia does have a national police force, the Australian Federal Police, whose role is to enforce the laws of the Commonwealth, both criminal law and civil law, as well as to protect the interests of the Commonwealth, both domestically and internationally. The AFP does, however, provide 'state' policing for the Australian Capital Territory, Jervis Bay Territory, and Australia's other external territories such as Norfolk Island, Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands.[1] Prior to the Federation of Australia, each Colony within Australia had numerous police forces, but these were largely amalgamated well before Federation.

Brazil

Each state in Brazil has two state police forces:

Civil Police — the State criminal investigative police.
Military Police — they are uniformed gendarmerie forces fulfilling roles as State police. They are a reserve branch of the Brazilian armed forces[2] but do not perform regular Military Police duties as they are performed by service police such as the Army Police, etc.

Canada
An Ontario Provincial Police cruiser

Law enforcement in Canada operates at the federal, provincial, and local levels. Three provinces of Canada have a dedicated police force, with jurisdiction over some or all of the province:

The federal Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) provides provincial-level policing in the remaining land area of Newfoundland and Labrador, as well as the remaining seven provinces and three territories. The RCMP began being contracted to provide provincial policing in the late 1920s as provincial police forces were disbanded and their duties contracted out to provincial divisions of the RCMP. The last provincial police force to be disbanded, the British Columbia Provincial Police, existed from the mid-19th century until its jurisdiction was transferred to RCMP "E" Division on August 15, 1950.

Provinces which have disbanded their provincial police may retain other provincial law enforcement agencies, such as sheriff services or conservation officers. For example: the Alberta Sheriffs Branch is responsible for traffic enforcement in Alberta together with the RCMP, while not being a true police force.

Germany

The Landespolizei (or LaPo) is a term used in the Federal Republic of Germany to denote the law enforcement services that perform law enforcement duties in the States of Germany. The German federal constitution leaves the majority of law enforcement responsibilities to the 16 states of the country.

There also are several auxiliary state police forces.

India

Each state and union territory has a state police force and its own distinct State Police Services, headed by the Commissioner of Police (State) or Director General of Police (DGP) who is an Indian Police Service officer. The IPS is not a law enforcement agency in its own right; rather it is the body to which all senior police officers of all states belong regardless of the agency for whom they work. The state police is responsible for maintaining law and order in townships of the state and the rural areas.

In addition to the state police, major cities have their own police force called Metropolitan Police which is quite similar to other normal police forces except their different rank designations; e.g., DGP is called as Commissioner of Police (State) in a state with Metropolitan Police.

List of Indian Police Forces
SrNo State/Union Territory Police Emblem Police Force
1 Andaman and Nicobar Island (Union Territory) Andaman Nicobar Islands Police
2 Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh Police
3 Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Police
4 Assam Assam Police
5 Bihar Bihar Police
6 Chandigarh (Union Territory) Chandigarh Police
7 Chhattisgarh Chhattisgarh Police
8 Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Police
9 Delhi Delhi Police
10 Goa Goa Police
11 Gujarat Gujarat Police
12 Haryana Haryana Police
13 Himachal Pradesh Himachal Pradesh Police
14 Jammu and Kashmir (Union Territory) Jammu and Kashmir Police
15 Jharkhand Jharkhand Police
16 Karnataka
Karnataka Police
17 Kerala Kerala Police
18 Ladakh (Union Territory) Ladakh Police
19 Lakshadweep (Union Territory) Lakshadweep Police
20 Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh Police
21 Maharashtra Maharashtra Police
22 Manipur Manipur Police
23 Meghalaya Meghalaya Police
24 Mizoram Mizoram Police
25 Nagaland Nagaland Police
26 Odisha Odisha Police
27 Puducherry Puducherry Police
28 Punjab Punjab Police
29 Rajasthan Rajasthan Police
30 Sikkim Sikkim Police
31 Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu Police
32 Telangana Telangana Police
33 Tripura Tripura Police
34 Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh Police
35 Uttarakhand Uttarakhand Police
36 West Bengal West Bengal Police

Indonesia

Each of the provinces of Indonesia have their own "Regional Police" (Indonesian: Kepolisian Daerah), which is under the guidance of the central Indonesian National Police headquarters. Until 1984, the Regional Polices were called in military-style "Police Regional Command" (Indonesian: Komando Daerah Kepolisian). Each Regional police which is responsible for law enforcement in a province is commanded by a brigadier or inspector general.

Sumatra
Java
Bali and Nusa Tenggara
Kalimantan
Sulawesi
Maluku and North Maluku
Papua

Mexico

Each of the 31 states of Mexico maintains a separate law enforcement agency or Policía Estatal. Each of these state forces is tasked with the protection of their citizens, keeping local order and combating insecurity and drug trafficking. Certain states including Veracruz and Nuevo León have a new model of police force designated as Civilian Forces (Fuerza Civil).

Spain

In Spain there are autonomous police forces in four autonomous communities (Ertzainas in the Basque Country, Mossos d'Esquadra in Catalonia, Policía Foral in Navarre and Policía Canaria in the Canary Islands).

United States
A North Carolina state trooper's car on I-85 in 2008.
Main article: State police (United States)
See also: List of state police agencies

In the United States, state police (also called state troopers or highway patrol) are a police body unique to 49 of the U.S. states, having statewide authority to conduct law enforcement activities and criminal investigations. Hawaii, being a widely dispersed archipelago, has four separate county-based police agencies, rather than a single statewide police agency.

In general, these police agencies perform functions outside the jurisdiction of the county sheriff, such as enforcing traffic laws on state highways and interstate expressways, overseeing the security of the state capitol complex, protecting the governor, training new officers for local police forces too small to operate an academy, providing technological and scientific services, supporting local police and helping to coordinate multi-jurisdictional task force activity in serious or complicated cases in those states that grant full police powers statewide. A general trend has been to bring all of these agencies under a state Department of Public Safety. Additionally, they may serve under different state departments such as the Highway Patrol under the state Department of Transportation and the Marine patrol under the state Department of Natural Resources.

Twenty-two U.S. states use the term "State Police", fifteen use the term "Highway Patrol", seven use the term "State Patrol", three use the term "State Highway Patrol", while Alaska's agency is the "Division of Alaska State Troopers" and Arkansas has a "Highway Police" in addition to its "State Police". The term "highway patrol" tends to be more common in the southeast and mountain west States.

In addition, three territories of the United States have a police force with similar territory-wide authority:

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See also

References
  1. "AFP across the world". afp.gov.au. 26 February 2016.
  2. "Brazilian Laws - the Federal Constitution - Defense of State and Democratic Institutions". v-brazil.com.
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