Sodium selenide

Sodium selenide
Names
	IUPAC name sodium selenide
Identifiers
CAS Number	1313-85-5 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:77773 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.013.830
EC Number	215-212-0;
PubChem CID	73973;
UNII	1FEK1K7WCE ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID5061661 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/2Na.Se/q2*+1;-2;
	SMILES [Na+].[Na+].[Se-2];
Properties
Chemical formula	Na2Se
Molar mass	124.951 g·mol−1
Density	2.62 g cm−3[1]
Melting point	>875 °C [1]
Solubility in water	reacts with water
Structure[2]
Crystal structure	Cubic (fluorite), cF12
Space group	Fm3m, No. 225
Lattice constant	a = 0.6825 nm
Formula units (Z)	4
Related compounds
Other anions	Sodium sulfide; Sodium telluride; Sodium oxide
Other cations	Hydrogen selenide ; Antimony selenide ; Aluminum selenide
Related compounds	Sodium selenite ; Sodium selenate
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references

Sodium selenide is an inorganic compound of sodium and selenium with the chemical formula Na₂Se.

Preparation

This colourless solid is prepared by the reaction of selenium with a solution of sodium in liquid ammonia at −40 °C.[3] Alternatively, sodium selenide can be prepared by the reaction of gaseous hydrogen selenide with metallic sodium at 100 °C.

Reactions

Like other alkali metal chalcogenides, this material is highly sensitive to water, easily undergoing hydrolysis to give mixtures of sodium biselenide (NaSeH) and hydroxide. This hydrolysis occurs because of the extreme basicity of the Se²⁻ ion.

Na₂Se + H₂O → NaHSe + NaOH

Similarly, sodium selenide is readily oxidized to polyselenides, a conversion signaled by off-white samples.

Sodium selenide reacts with acids to produce toxic hydrogen selenide gas.

Na₂Se + 2 HCl → H₂Se + 2 NaCl

The compound reacts with electrophiles to produce the selenium compounds. With alkyl halides, one obtains a variety of organoselenium compounds:

Na₂Se + 2 RBr → R₂Se + 2 NaBr

Organotin and organosilicon halides react similarly to give the expected derivatives:

Na₂Se + 2 Me₃XCl → (Me₃X)₂Se + 2 NaCl (X ∈ Si, Ge, Sn)

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References

Haynes, William M., ed. (2016). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (97th ed.). CRC Press. p. 4.87. ISBN 9781498754293.
Bonneau, Philippe R.; Jarvis, Robert F.; Kaner, Richard B. (1992). "Solid-state metathesis as a quick route to transition-metal mixed dichalcogenides". Inorganic Chemistry. 31 (11): 2127–2132. doi:10.1021/ic00037a027.
Brauer, G. ed. (1963) Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed., Academic Press, NY., Vol. 1. p. 421.

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[crc-1] Haynes, William M., ed. (2016). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (97th ed.). CRC Press. p. 4.87. ISBN 9781498754293.

[2] Bonneau, Philippe R.; Jarvis, Robert F.; Kaner, Richard B. (1992). "Solid-state metathesis as a quick route to transition-metal mixed dichalcogenides". Inorganic Chemistry. 31 (11): 2127–2132. doi:10.1021/ic00037a027.

[3] Brauer, G. ed. (1963) Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed., Academic Press, NY., Vol. 1. p. 421.