Bismuth selenide

Bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) is a gray compound of bismuth and selenium also known as bismuth(III) selenide. It is a semiconductor and a thermoelectric material.[4] In its pure state it has a topological insulator ground-state.[5] While perfect stoichiometric bismuth selenide should be a semiconductor (with a gap of 0.3 eV) naturally occurring selenium vacancies act as electron donors and it often acts as a semimetal in its as grown phase.[6][7] Topologically protected Dirac cone surface states have been observed in Bismuth selenide and its insulating derivatives leading to intrinsic topological insulators,[6][8][9][10] which later became the subject of world-wide scientific research.[11][12][13][14]

Bismuth selenide
Names
IUPAC name
selenoxobismuth, selanylidenebismuth [1]
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ECHA InfoCard 100.031.901
EC Number
  • 235-104-7
UNII
Properties
Bi2Se3
Molar mass 654.8 g/mol [2]
Appearance Dull grey [3]
Density 6.82 g/cm^3[2]
Melting point 710 °C (1,310 °F; 983 K)[2]
insoluble
Solubility insoluble in organic solvents
soluble in strong acids [2]
Structure
rhombohedral
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298)
 -140 kJ/mol
Hazards
Main hazards Toxic [3]
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
Flammability code 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterHealth code 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroformReactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
0
2
0
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

See also

References
  1. "Bismuth(III) selenide - PubChem Public Chemical Database". Pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2011-10-21. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
  2. "bismuth selenide | Bi2Se3". ChemSpider. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
  3. "Bismuth Selenide | Bismuth Selenide". Espimetals.com. Archived from the original on 2011-09-08. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
  4. Mishra, S K; S Satpathy; O Jepsen (1997-01-13). "Electronic structure and thermoelectric properties of bismuth telluride and bismuth selenide". Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. 9 (2): 461–470. Bibcode:1997JPCM....9..461M. doi:10.1088/0953-8984/9/2/014. hdl:10355/9466. ISSN 0953-8984.
  5. Xia, Y.; Qian, D.; Hsieh, D.; Wray, L.; Pal, A.; Lin, H.; Bansil, A.; Grauer, D.; Hor, Y. S.; Cava, R. J.; Hasan, M. Zahid (2009). "Discovery (theoretical prediction and experimental observation) of a large-gap topological-insulator class with spin-polarized single-Dirac-cone on the surface". Nature Physics. arXiv:0908.3513. doi:10.1038/nphys1274. ISSN 1745-2473.
  6. Xia, Y; Qian, D; Hsieh, D; Wray, L; Pal, A; Lin, H; Bansil, A; Grauer, D; Hor, Y. S; Cava, R. J; Hasan, M. Z (2009). "Observation of a large-gap topological-insulator class with a single Dirac cone on the surface". Nature Physics. 5 (6): 398–402. Bibcode:2009NatPh...5..398X. doi:10.1038/nphys1274.
  7. Hor, Y. S.; A. Richardella; P. Roushan; Y. Xia; J. G. Checkelsky; A. Yazdani; M. Z. Hasan; N. P. Ong; R. J. Cava (2009-05-21). "p-type Bi_{2}Se_{3} for topological insulator and low-temperature thermoelectric applications". Physical Review B. 79 (19): 195208. arXiv:0903.4406. Bibcode:2009PhRvB..79s5208H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.79.195208.
  8. Hsieh, D.; Y. Xia; D. Qian; L. Wray; J. H. Dil; F. Meier; J. Osterwalder; L. Patthey; J. G. Checkelsky; N. P. Ong; A. V. Fedorov; H. Lin; A. Bansil; D. Grauer; Y. S. Hor; R. J. Cava; M. Z. Hasan (2009). "A tunable topological insulator in the spin helical Dirac transport regime". Nature. 460 (7259): 1101–1105. arXiv:1001.1590. Bibcode:2009Natur.460.1101H. doi:10.1038/nature08234. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 19620959.
  9. Hasan, M. Zahid; Moore, Joel E. (2011-02-08). "Three-Dimensional Topological Insulators". Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics. 2 (1): 55–78. arXiv:1011.5462. Bibcode:2011ARCMP...2...55H. doi:10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-062910-140432. ISSN 1947-5454.
  10. Xu, Yang; Miotkowski, Ireneusz; Liu, Chang; Tian, Jifa; Nam, Hyoungdo; Alidoust, Nasser; Hu, Jiuning; Shih, Chih-Kang; Hasan, M. Zahid; Chen, Yong P. (2014). "Observation of topological surface state quantum Hall effect in an intrinsic three-dimensional topological insulator". Nature Physics. 10 (12): 956–963. arXiv:1409.3778. Bibcode:2014NatPh..10..956X. doi:10.1038/nphys3140. ISSN 1745-2481.
  11. Hasan, M. Z.; Kane, C. L. (2010-11-08). "Colloquium: Topological insulators". Reviews of Modern Physics. 82 (4): 3045–3067. arXiv:1002.3895. Bibcode:2010RvMP...82.3045H. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.82.3045.
  12. "The Strange Topology That Is Reshaping Physics". Scientific American. Retrieved 2020-04-22.
  13. "Welcome to the Weird Mathematical World of Topology". Discover Magazine. Retrieved 2020-04-22.
  14. Ornes, Stephen (2016-09-13). "Topological insulators promise computing advances, insights into matter itself". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (37): 10223–10224. doi:10.1073/pnas.1611504113. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 5027448. PMID 27625422.
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