Related to receptor tyrosine kinase

The related to receptor tyrosine kinase (RYK) gene encodes the protein Ryk.

RYK
Identifiers
Aliases	RYK, D3S3195, JTK5, JTK5A, RYK1, receptor-like tyrosine kinase, receptor like tyrosine kinase
External IDs	OMIM: 600524 MGI: 101766 HomoloGene: 68287 GeneCards: RYK
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 3 (human)[1] Band 3q22.2 Start 134,065,303 bp[1] End 134,250,744 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 9 (mouse)[2] Band 9 F1|9 54.72 cM Start 102,834,917 bp[2] End 102,908,305 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • nucleotide binding • protein tyrosine kinase activity • transferase activity • transmembrane signaling receptor activity • kinase activity • Wnt-activated receptor activity • ATP binding • GO:0001948 protein binding • GO:0005110 frizzled binding • Wnt-protein binding • coreceptor activity involved in Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway • receptor tyrosine kinase • transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity • protein kinase activity Cellular component • cytoplasm • integral component of membrane • integral component of plasma membrane • membrane • cell membrane • cell nucleus • receptor complex Biological process • positive regulation of MAPK cascade • corpus callosum development • signal transduction • canonical Wnt signaling pathway • non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway • neurogenesis • commissural neuron axon guidance • neuron projection development • protein phosphorylation • synapse assembly • chemorepulsion of dopaminergic neuron axon • neuron differentiation • cell proliferation in midbrain • phosphorylation • axonogenesis • axon guidance • Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation • midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation • planar cell polarity pathway involved in axon guidance • Wnt signaling pathway • peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation • skeletal system morphogenesis • negative regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance • negative chemotaxis • negative regulation of signal transduction • cell differentiation • negative regulation of apoptotic process • positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade • transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway • nervous system development Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	6259	20187
Ensembl	ENSG00000163785	ENSMUSG00000032547
UniProt	P34925	Q01887
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001005861 NM_002958	NM_001042607 NM_013649 NM_001284258
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001005861 NP_002949	NP_001036072 NP_001271187 NP_038677
Location (UCSC)	Chr 3: 134.07 – 134.25 Mb	Chr 9: 102.83 – 102.91 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

The protein encoded by this gene is an atypical member of the family of growth factor receptor protein tyrosine kinases, differing from other members at a number of conserved residues in the activation and nucleotide binding domains. This gene product belongs to a subfamily whose members do not appear to be regulated by phosphorylation in the activation segment. It has been suggested that mediation of biological activity by recruitment of a signaling-competent auxiliary protein may occur through an as yet uncharacterized mechanism. Two alternative splice variants have been identified, encoding distinct isoforms.[5]

History

The gene encoding mouse RYK was first identified in 1992.[6] Subsequently, cDNA encoding the RYK protein have been isolated from the following species.[7]

• rat
• chicken
• Human
• Zebrafish
• Caenorhabditis elegans
• Drosophila

Structure

In common with other receptor tyrosine kinase family members, RYK is composed of three domains, an N-terminal, extracellular ligand-binding domain, a transmembrane spanning domain and a C-terminal intracellular domain. However, in contrast to other receptor tyrosine kinases the C-terminal domain of RYK is devoid of detectable kinase activity.[7]

Function

RYK is involved in regulation of axon growth during development of the nervous system.[8]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000163785 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000032547 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. "RYK receptor like tyrosine kinase [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. 13 March 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
6. Hovens CM, Stacker SA (1992). "RYK, a receptor tyrosine kinase-related molecule with unusual kinase domain motifs". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 89 (24): 11818–11822. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.24.11818. PMC 50648. PMID 1334548.
7. Halford MM, Stacker SA (2001). "Revelations of the RYK receptor". BioEssays. 23 (1): 34–45. doi:10.1002/1521-1878(200101)23:1<34::AID-BIES1005>3.0.CO;2-D. PMID 11135307.
8. Hollis ER, Ishiko N, Yu T, Lu CC, Haimovich A, Tolentino K, Richman A, Tury A, Wang SH, Pessian M, Jo E, Kolodkin A, Zou Y (2016). "Ryk controls remapping of motor cortex during functional recovery after spinal cord injury". Nature Neuroscience. 19: 697–705. doi:10.1038/nn.4282. PMC 4847956. PMID 27065364.

Further reading

• Partanen J, Mäkelä TP, Alitalo R, et al. (1991). "Putative tyrosine kinases expressed in K-562 human leukemia cells". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (22): 8913–8917. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.22.8913. PMC 55070. PMID 2247464.
• Gough NM, Rakar S, Hovens CM, Wilks A (1995). "Localization of two mouse genes encoding the protein tyrosine kinase receptor-related protein RYK". Mamm. Genome. 6 (4): 255–6. doi:10.1007/BF00352411. PMID 7613029.
• Lee ST, Strunk KM, Spritz RA (1993). "A survey of protein tyrosine kinase mRNAs expressed in normal human melanocytes". Oncogene. 8 (12): 3403–3410. PMID 8247543.
• Stacker SA, Hovens CM, Vitali A, et al. (1993). "Molecular cloning and chromosomal localisation of the human homologue of a receptor related to tyrosine kinases (RYK)". Oncogene. 8 (5): 1347–1356. PMID 8386829.
• Tamagnone L, Partanen J, Armstrong E, et al. (1993). "The human ryk cDNA sequence predicts a protein containing two putative transmembrane segments and a tyrosine kinase catalytic domain". Oncogene. 8 (7): 2009–2014. PMID 8390040.
• Wang XC, Katso R, Butler R, et al. (1996). "H-RYK, an unusual receptor kinase: isolation and analysis of expression in ovarian cancer". Mol. Med. 2 (2): 189–203. PMC 2230112. PMID 8726462.
• Katso RM, Russell RB, Ganesan TS (1999). "Functional analysis of H-Ryk, an atypical member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family". Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 (9): 6427–6440. PMC 84612. PMID 10454588.
• Trivier E, Ganesan TS (2002). "RYK, a catalytically inactive receptor tyrosine kinase, associates with EphB2 and EphB3 but does not interact with AF-6". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (25): 23037–43. doi:10.1074/jbc.M202486200. PMID 11956217.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Brandenberger R, Wei H, Zhang S, et al. (2005). "Transcriptome characterization elucidates signaling networks that control human ES cell growth and differentiation". Nat. Biotechnol. 22 (6): 707–16. doi:10.1038/nbt971. PMID 15146197.
• Lu W, Yamamoto V, Ortega B, Baltimore D (2004). "Mammalian Ryk is a Wnt coreceptor required for stimulation of neurite outgrowth". Cell. 119 (1): 97–108. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.09.019. PMID 15454084.
• Watanabe A, Akita S, Tin NT, et al. (2006). "A mutation in RYK is a genetic factor for nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate". Cleft Palate Craniofac. J. 43 (3): 310–6. doi:10.1597/04-145.1. PMID 16681403.
• Szafranski K, Schindler S, Taudien S, et al. (2007). "Violating the splicing rules: TG dinucleotides function as alternative 3' splice sites in U2-dependent introns". Genome Biology. 8 (8): R154. doi:10.1186/gb-2007-8-8-r154. PMC 2374985. PMID 17672918.