Price Tower

The Price Tower is a nineteen-story, 221-foot-high tower at 510 South Dewey Avenue in Bartlesville, Oklahoma. It was built in 1956 to a design by Frank Lloyd Wright. It is the only realized skyscraper by Wright, and is one of only two vertically oriented Wright structures extant (the other is the S.C. Johnson Wax Research Tower in Racine, Wisconsin).

For the building in Quebec City, see Édifice Price.
Price Tower
Price Tower, Bartlesville Oklahoma
General information
TypeMulti-use
Location510 S. Dewey Avenue
Bartlesville, Oklahoma, U.S.
Construction started1952
Completed1956
Height
Antenna spire221 ft (67 m)
Technical details
Floor count19
Floor area42,000 square feet (3,900 m2)
Lifts/elevators4
Design and construction
ArchitectFrank Lloyd Wright
Main contractorHaskell Culwell
Price Tower
Frank Lloyd Wright, Price Tower
LocationBartlesville, Oklahoma
Coordinates36°44′52.21″N 95°58′34.23″W
Built1956
ArchitectFrank Lloyd Wright
NRHP reference No.74001670[1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPSeptember 13, 1974
Designated NHLMarch 29, 2007[2]

The Price Tower was commissioned by Harold C. Price of the H. C. Price Company, a local oil pipeline and chemical firm. It opened to the public in February 1956.

History

The Price Tower was commissioned by Harold Price, for use as a corporate headquarters for his Bartlesville company. His wife, Mary Lou Patteson Price, and his two sons, Harold, Jr., and Joe, rounded out the building committee. The Prices were directed to Frank Lloyd Wright by architect Bruce Goff, who was then Dean of Architecture at the University of Oklahoma, where the Price sons had studied. That relationship bonded into a lifelong patronage of both architects by the Price Family. Wright designed an Arizona home for the senior Prices and a Bartlesville home known as "Hillside" for Harold, Jr., his wife Carolyn Propps Price, and their six children. Goff, who was also a tenant at Price Tower, became the favored architect of Joe Price, designing a bachelor studio on his family's property in Bartlesville and two later additions following his marriage to Etsuko Yoshimochi.

Wright nicknamed the Price Tower, which was built on the Oklahoma prairie, "the tree that escaped the crowded forest," referring not only to the building's construction, but also to the origins of its design. The Price Tower is supported by a central "trunk" of four elevator shafts which are anchored in place by a deep central foundation, as a tree is by its taproot. The nineteen floors of the building are cantilevered from this central core, like the branches of a tree. The outer walls hang from the floors and are clad in patinated copper "leaves." The building is asymmetrical, and like a tree, "looks different from every angle."[3] Wright had championed these design ideas, which other architects had put to use before the construction of the Price Tower, as early as the 1920s in his design for an apartment complex of four cantilevered towers for St. Marks-in-the-Bowerie in downtown New York City. Following the effects of the Great Depression, the project was shelved and adapted by Wright for the Price Company in 1952. Wright, therefore, plucked his "tree" out of the "crowded forest" of Manhattan skyscrapers and placed it on the Oklahoma prairie where it continues to stand uncrowded by neighboring tall buildings.

The floorplan of the Price Tower centers upon an inlaid cast bronze plaque, bearing the logo of the Price Company and marking the origin of a parallelogram grid upon which all exterior walls, interior partitions and doors, and built-in furniture are placed. The resulting design is a quadrant plan—one quadrant dedicated for double-height apartments, and three for offices. The materials for the Price Tower are equally innovative for a mid-twentieth-century skyscraper: cast concrete walls, pigmented concrete floors, aluminum-trimmed windows and doors, and patinated embossed and distressed copper panels. The general geometric element is the equilateral triangle, and all lighting fixtures and ventilation grilles are based upon that form while the angled walls and built-in furniture are based on fractions or multiples of the triangular module. The lobby contains two inscriptions by Walt Whitman. One is from the concluding stanza of Salut au Monde, and the other from Song of the Broad-Axe.[4] Inside the Price Tower there are decoration paintings on the walls which consist of solid gold. People with claustrophobia may find it uncomfortable, due to the very tight spaces towards the upper floors and the very small elevators.

Wright designed the St. Mark's project for apartments, but his Price Tower was to be a multi-use building with business offices, shops, and apartments. The H. C. Price Company was the primary tenant, and the remaining office floors and double-height apartments intended as income-raising ventures. Tenants included lawyers, accountants, physicians, dentists, insurance agents, and the architect Bruce Goff, who kept an office in the tower as well as rented one of the apartments. A women's high-end dress shop, beauty salon, and the regional offices of the Public Service Company of Oklahoma occupied a two-story wing of the tower, with a drive-through passageway separating the high and low structures. The Price Company occupied the upper floors, and included a commissary on the sixteenth floor as well as a penthouse office suite for Harold Price, Sr., and later his son, Harold, Jr.

The H.C. Price Company sold Price Tower to Phillips Petroleum in 1981 following a move to Dallas, where their company is presently located. Phillips Petroleum's lawyers deemed the exterior exit staircase a safety risk, and only used the building for storage.[5] They retained ownership until 2000 when the building was donated to Price Tower Arts Center, and it has returned to its multi-use origins. Price Tower Arts Center, a museum of art, architecture, and design; Inn at Price Tower; Copper Restaurant + Bar, and the Wright Place museum store are the current major tenants with smaller firms leasing space. Inn at Price Tower is a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.[6]

In 2002 Pritzker Prize winning architect, Zaha Hadid, was commissioned to design a museum expansion for Price Tower Arts Center—a project that was included in the 2006 retrospective exhibition of Hadid's work at the Guggenheim Museum, New York City.

On March 29, 2007, the Price Tower was designated a National Historic Landmark by the United States Department of the Interior, then one of only twenty-two such properties in the state of Oklahoma.[7] In 2008, the U.S. National Park Service submitted the Price Tower, along with nine other Frank Lloyd Wright properties, to a tentative list for World Heritage Status. The 10 sites have been submitted as one site. The January 22, 2008, press release from the National Park Service website announcing the nominations states that "The preparation of a Tentative List is a necessary first step in the process of nominating a site to the World Heritage List."[8] However, after a 2016 nomination to the World Heritage List was rejected by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, a revised 2018 proposal removed the Price Tower from consideration.[9] The revised nomination of eight Frank Lloyd Wright buildings was accepted in July 2019 as The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright

Price Tower Arts Center

The Price Tower Arts Center is the art complex at Price Tower in Bartlesville, Oklahoma. The center was founded in 1985 as a civic art museum, and reorganized in 1998 to focus on art, architecture and design.[10] Features includes a museum, tours of the historic tower, a hotel and restaurant.

The museum galleries feature changing exhibits. Collections include modern art, works on paper, furniture, textiles and design. The center owns some significant pieces by Frank Lloyd Wright and renowned Oklahoma architect Bruce Goff.

Visitors can tour temporary exhibitions inside Frank Lloyd Wright's Price Tower, as well as the fully restored 1956 Price Company Executive Office and Corporate Apartment.

Copies

A tribute to the Price Tower called The Classen, designed by the architectural firm Bozalis & Roloff and constructed in 1967, can be found in Oklahoma City's Asian District, along Classen Boulevard, next door to the Buckminster Fuller-inspired Gold Dome, also designed by Bozalis & Roloff.

gollark: <@854350605702660106> <@854350605702660106> <@854350605702660106> <@854350605702660106>
gollark: I think the Dereks here are my alts too.
gollark: They are one of the alts, yes.
gollark: Also my 26 alts.
gollark: Also me, not that I would go.

See also

References
  1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. April 15, 2008.
  2. "Price Tower". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Retrieved 2008-06-28.
  3. Terdiman, David (2014-07-20). "Price Tower: Frank Lloyd Wright's only skyscraper". CNET. Retrieved 2014-07-20.
  4. https://web.archive.org/web/20071214115713/http://www.exploringart.net/uploads/FrankLloydWright/price-tower-04.jpg. Archived from the original on December 14, 2007. Retrieved October 10, 2010. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  5. Dupré, Judith (1996). Skyscrapers. Black Dog & Leventhal. p. 49. ISBN 1-884822-45-2.
  6. "Inn at Price Tower, a Historic Hotels of America member". Historic Hotels of America. Retrieved January 28, 2014. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  7. "National Register of Historic Places Listings". National Park Service. 2007-04-13. Retrieved 2014-07-20.
  8. "DOI Secretary Kempthorne Selects New US World Heritage Tentative List". nps.gov. 2008-01-22. Retrieved 2014-07-20.
  9. "Eight Buildings Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright Nominated to the UNESCO World Heritage List". Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation. 20 December 2018.
  10. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-05-14. Retrieved 2008-05-25.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Price Tower Arts Center: Visitor Info

Bibliography

Articles

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