List of the prehistoric life of Maryland
This list of the prehistoric life of Maryland contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of Maryland.
Precambrian
The Paleobiology Database records no known occurrences of Precambrian fossils in Maryland.
Paleozoic
Selected Paleozoic taxa of Maryland
- †Amphiscapha
- †Amplexopora
- †Archimylacris
- †Atrypa
- †Atrypa reticularis – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- †Aviculopecten
- †Bassipterus
- †Bellerophon
- †Calymene
Fossil of the Early Ordovician-Early Devonian trilobite Calymene- †Calymene camerata
- †Calymene cresapensis
- †Calymene niagarensis – or unidentified comparable form
- †Camarotoechia
- †Camarotoechia andrewsi
- †Camarotoechia litchfieldensis
- †Camarotoechia tonolowayensis
- †Chonetes
- †Chonetes novascoticus
- †Cincinnetina
- †Cincinnetina multisecta
- †Clitendoceras
- †Composita
- †Composita ovata – tentative report
- †Cornulites
- †Cypricardinia
- †Cypricardinia elegans
- †Dakeoceras
- †Dalmanites
Fossil of the Late Ordovician-Middle Devonian trilobite Dalmanites- †Dalmanites limulurus
- †Dolichopterus
- †Edmondia
- †Eldredgeops
- †Eldredgeops rana
- †Ellesmeroceras
- †Encrinurus
- †Eospirifer
- †Erettopterus – tentative report
- †Euomphalus
- †Eurypterus
- †Eurypterus remipes
- †Favosites
- †Favosites niagarensis – or unidentified comparable form
- †Flexicalymene
- †Goniatites
- †Gyrodoma
- †Hallopora
- †Holopea
- †Hyolithes
- †Isotelus
- †Lingula
- †Lysorophus
Life restoration of the Permian snake-like amphibian Lysorophus showing speculative egg-coiling behavior - †Mcqueenoceras
- †Megamolgophis
- †Meristina
- †Metacoceras
- †Naticopsis
- †Neospirifer
- †Neospirifer dunbari – tentative report
- †Obolella
- †Obolus – tentative report
- †Olenellus
- †Ormoceras
- †Orthoceras
- †Platyceras
- †Proterocameroceras
- †Pterygotus
Life restoration of the Silurian-Middle Devonian eurypterid ("sea scorpion") Pterygotus - †Ribeiria
- †Rioceras
- Solemya
- † Solenopsis
- †Sowerbyella
- †Spirifer
- †Spirifer vanuxemi
- †Stenosiphon
- †Strophomena
- †Tainoceras
- †Tentaculites
Assemblage of fossilized shells of the Early Ordovician-Late Devonian probable mollusc Tentaculites - †Trigonocera
- †Trimerus
- †Waeringopterus
- †Worthenia
Mesozoic
Selected Mesozoic taxa of Maryland
- Acirsa
- †Acrocanthosaurus – or unidentified comparable form
Life restoration of the Early Cretaceous theropod dinosaur Acrocanthosaurus - †Acteon
- †Aenona
- †Agerostrea
- †Allognathosuchus – or unidentified comparable form
- †Allosaurus
- †Amyda
- †Ancilla
- †Anomia
- †Anomoeodus
- Arrhoges
- Astarte
- †Astrodon
Life restoration of the Early Cretaceous sauropod dinosaur Astrodon- †Astrodon johnstoni – type locality for species
- †Baculites
- †Baculites baculus
- †Bottosaurus
- †Bottosaurus harlani
- Botula
- †Botula conchafodentis
- †Botula ripleyana
- Cadulus
- Caestocorbula
- †Caestocorbula crassaplica
- †Caestocorbula crassiplica
- †Caestocorbula percompressa
- †Caestocorbula terramaria
- Carcharias
- †Caveola
- †Ceratodus
Life restoration of the Late Triassic-Eocene lungfish Ceratodus - Cerithium
- Chiloscyllium
- †Cimoliasaurus
- †Coelosaurus
- †Coelosaurus affinis
- †Coelosaurus antiquus
- †Coelurus
- †Coelurus gracilis – type locality for species
- †Corax
- Corbula
- †Crenella
- †Crenella elegantula
- †Crenella serica
- †Cretolamna
Fossil of the Early Cretaceous-Eocene shark Cretolamna- †Cretolamna appendiculata
- Cucullaea
- †Cucullaea capax
- Cuspidaria
- †Cuspidaria ampulla
- Cylichna
- †Cylichna diversilirata
- †Cylichna incisa
- †Cylindracanthus
- †Cymella
- Dasyatis
- †Deinonychus
Life restoration of the Early Cretaceous dromaeosaur ("raptor") Deinonychus- †Deinonychus antirrhopus
- †Deinosuchus
- †Deinosuchus rugosus
- †Dentalium
- †Dentalium leve
- †Discoscaphites
- †Discoscaphites conradi
- †Discoscaphites gulosus
- †Discoscaphites iris
- †Egertonia
- †Enchodus
- †Enchodus dirus
- †Eulima
- †Eulima monmouthensis
- †Euspira
- †Eutrephoceras
Illustration in multiple views of a fossilized shell of the Late Jurassic-Miocene nautiloid cephalopod Eutrephoceras - †Ewingia
- †Exogyra
- †Exogyra costata
- Galeorhinus
- Ginglymostoma
- Glossus
- Glycimeris
- Glycymeris
- †Glycymeris rotundata
- †Glyptops
- †Goniopholis
- †Grallator – or unidentified comparable form
Fossil negative with skin impressions of the theropod dinosaur footprint ichnogenus Grallator - †Halisaurus
- †Halisaurus platyspondylus
- †Hamatia – type locality for genus
- †Hamulus
- Heterodontus
- † Heteromorpha
- †Hoploparia
- †Hybodus
- †Hyposaurus
- †Hyposaurus rogersii
- †Inoceramus
- †Ischyodus
- †Ischyrhiza
- †Ischyrhiza avonicola – or unidentified comparable form
- †Ischyrhiza mira
- †Jeletzkytes
Fossilized shell of the Late Cretaceous ammonoid cephalopod Jeletzkytes- †Jeletzkytes nebrascensis
- Latiaxis
- Lepisosteus
- Lima
- Limatula
- †Linearis
- Lithophaga
- Lopha
- †Lopha falcata
- †Lopha mesenterica
- †Mathilda
- †Modiolus
- †Modiolus sedesclaris
- †Modiolus sedesclarus
- †Modiolus trigonus
- †Morea
- †Mosasaurus
Life restoration of two of the Late Cretaceous Mosasaurus- †Mosasaurus conodon
- Myliobatis
- †Mytilus – tentative report
- Nebrius
- Nucula
- †Nucula camia
- †Nucula cuneifrons
- †Nucula percrassa
- †Nucula severnensis
- Odontaspis
A living Odontaspis sand shark - †Osteopygis
- Panopea
- †Paralbula
- †Peritresius
- Pholas
- †Pinna
- †Placenticeras
- †Pleurocoelus – type locality for genus
- †Pleurocoelus nanus – type locality for species
- †Plicatoscyllium
- Polinices
- †Priconodon – type locality for genus
Illustration of a fossilized tooth in multiple views of the Early Cretaceous armored dinosaur Priconodon- †Priconodon crassus – type locality for species
- †Prognathodon
- †Prognathodon rapax
- †Propanoplosaurus – type locality for genus
- †Propanoplosaurus marylandicus – type locality for species
- †Protocardia
- †Pteria
- †Pterotrigonia
- †Pterotrigonia eufalensis
- †Pterotrigonia eufaulensis
- †Pterotrigonia thoracica
- †Ptychotrygon
- Pycnodonte
- †Pycnodonte vesicularis
- Raja
- Rhinobatos
- †Rhombodus
Restoration of the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene ray Rhombodus - Ringicula
- †Ringicula clarki
- †Ringicula pulchella
- Rissoina
- †Sargana
- †Scaphites
- †Scaphites hippocrepis
- Serpula
- †Serratolamna
- †Serratolamna serrata
- †Sphenodiscus
- †Sphenodiscus lobatus
- †Sphenodiscus pleurisepta
- Squalicorax
Life restoration of the Late Cretaceous shark Squalicorax- †Squalicorax falcatus
- †Squalicorax kaupi
- †Squalicorax pristodontus
- Squatina
- †Stephanodus
- Tellina
- †Tenea
- †Tenontosaurus
Life restoration of the Early Cretaceous Iguanodon relative Tenontosaurus - †Thoracosaurus
- Trachycardium
- †Trachycardium eufaulensis
- Turritella
- †Turritella bilira
- †Turritella hilgardi
- †Turritella paravertebroides
- †Turritella tippana
- †Turritella trilira
- †Turritella vertebroides
Cenozoic
Selected Cenozoic taxa of Maryland
- †Abra – tentative report
- Acipenser
- Acropora
- †Acropora palmata
- Acteocina
- Acteon
- †Acus
- †Adocus
- †Aepycamelus – tentative report
Life restoration of the Miocene camel Aepycamelus, or the long-necked camel. Heinrich Harder (1920). - Aetobatus
- †Aglaocetus
- Alca
- †Alca torda – or unidentified comparable form
- †Ambystoma
- †Ambystoma maculatum
- †Ambystoma tigrinum
- Amia
- †Amphicyon
Life restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene beardog Amphicyon - Amyda
- Anachis
- Anadara
- Anas
- †Anas crecca
- Ancilla – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- Angulus
- Anomia
- Anticlimax – tentative report
- †Aphelops – tentative report
- Aporrhais
- Aquila
- †Aquila chrysaetos
- †Araeodelphis – type locality for genus
- Arca
- †Archaeohippus
- Architectonica
- †Arctodus
- †Arctodus pristinus
- Argopecten
- †Armatobalanus
- Astarte
Shell of a modern Astarte bivalve - Asterias
- †Asterias forbesi – or unidentified comparable form
- Astrangia
- †Astrangia danae
- †Astroscopus – type locality for species
- †Astroscopus countermani – type locality for species
- Astyris
- Athleta
- Atrina
- †Aulophyseter
Life restoration of the Miocene sperm whale Aulophyseter - Balaenoptera
- Balanus
- Bankia
- Barnea
- Blarina
- †Blarina brevicauda
- †Blarina carolinensis
- Bonasa
- †Bonasa umbellus
A living Bonasa umbellus, or ruffed grouse
- Boreotrophon
- Brachidontes
- †Brachyprotoma
- †Brachyprotoma obtusata
- †Brevoortia
- †Brevoortia tyrannus – or unidentified comparable form
- Bufo
- †Bufo americanus
- †Bufo woodhousei
- Busycon – type locality for genus
- †Busycon carica
- Busycotypus
- Cadulus
- Caecum
- Callinectes
- †Callinectes ornatus
- †Callinectes sapidus
A living Callinectes sapidus, or Chesapeake blue crab
- Calliostoma
- Callista
- Calonectris
- Calyptraea
- Cancellaria
- Cancer
- Canis
- †Canis armbrusteri – type locality for species
Illustration in multiple views of a fossilized skull of the Pleistocene Canis armbrusteri, or Armbruster's wolf - †Canis latrans
- †Canis rufus – or unidentified comparable form
- Cantharus
- Carcharhinus
- Carcharias
- Carcharodon
- †Carcharodon hastalis
- Cardita
- Carphophis
- Cassis
- Castor
- †Castor canadensis
- †Cephalotropis – type locality for genus
- Cerastoderma
- Cervus
- Cetorhinus
- †Cetotherium
Life restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene whale Cetotherium - Chama
- Chelone
- Chelydra
- †Chelydra serpentina
- †Chesapecten
- Chlamys
- Chrysemys
- †Chrysemys picta
- Circulus – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- Cirsotrema
- Clavus
- Clementia
- Clethrionomys
- †Clethrionomys gapperi – or unidentified comparable form
- Cliona
- Coluber
- †Coluber constrictor
A living Coluber constrictor, or eastern racer
- Concavus
- Condylura
- †Condylura cristata
- Conus
- Corbula
- Crassostrea
- †Crassostrea virginica
- Crepidula
- †Crepidula fornicata
- †Crepidula plana
- †CretolamnaFossil of the Early Cretaceous-Eocene shark Cretolamna
- †Cretolamna appendiculata
- Crotalus
- †Crotalus horridus
- Crucibulum
- Cryptobranchus
- Cucullaea
- Cumingia
- Cyclocardia
- Cylichna
- Cymatosyrinx
- †Cynarctus
- †Cynarctus wangi – type locality for species
- Cypraea
Multiple views of a shell of a Cypraea cowrie sea snail - Cythara
- †Cytheris
- Dasyatis
- Dentalium
- Diadophis
- †Diadophis punctatus
- Diodora
- †Diorocetus – type locality for genus
- †Dipoides
- Discinisca
- †Dolicholatirus
- Dosinia
- Echinocardium
- Echinophoria – type locality for genus
- †Ecphora
- †Ecphora gardnerae
Illustration of a fossilized shell of the Miocene murex sea snail Ecphora gardnerae
- †Ectopistes
- †Ectopistes migratorius
- Elaphe
- †Elaphe vulpina
- Electra
- Elphidium
- Ensis
- †Ensis directus
- †Entobia
- †Eosuchus
- †Eosurcula – or unidentified comparable form
- Epitonium
- Eptesicus
- †Eptesicus fuscus – or unidentified comparable form
- Equus
- Erethizon
- †Erethizon dorsatum
- †Euceratherium
Life restoration of the Pleistocene bovid Euceratherium, or the shrub ox. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913).- †Euceratherium collinum
- †Euclastes – tentative report
- Eulima
- Eumeces
- †Eumeces fasciatus – or unidentified comparable form
- Eupleura
- †Eurhinodelphis
- †Eurhinodelphis longirostris
- Euspira
- Felis
A living Felis, or cat - †Ficopsis
- Fissurella
- †Fistulobalanus
- †Fulgar
- Galeocerdo
- †Galeocerdo aduncus
- †Galeocerdo contortus
- Galeodea
- Gari
- Gastrochaena
- Gavia
- †Gavia immer
- †Gavialosuchus
Fossilized skull of the Miocene crocodile relative Gavialosuchus - Gegania
- Gemma
- †Gemma gemma
- Genota – or unidentified comparable form
- Geukensia
- Gibbula – tentative report
- Glaucomys
- Globigerina
- Globigerinoides
- Glossus
- Glycimeris
- Glycymeris
- Glyptemys
- †Glyptemys muhlenbergii
- †Gomphotherium
Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene elephant relative Gomphotherium - Gulo
- †Gulo gulo
- Gyrinophilus
- †Gyrinophilus porphyriticus – or unidentified comparable form
- †Hadrodelphis – type locality for genus
- Haminoea
- Hastula
- Haustator
- †Heliadornis – type locality for genus
- Hemipristis
- Heterodon
- †Heterodon platyrhinos – or unidentified comparable form
- Hiatella
- †Hippotherium
Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pliocene horse Hippotherium - Hyla
- †Hyla crucifer
- Hyotissa
- Ictalurus
- Ilyanassa
- †Ilyanassa obsoleta
- †Ilyanassa trivittata
- Ischadium
- †Ischadium recurvum
- †Ischyodus
- Isognomon
- Isurus
- †Kentriodon – type locality for genus
Life restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene dolphin Kentriodon - Kuphus – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- Kurtziella
- Lacuna
- †Lagodon
- Lamna
- Lampropeltis
- †Lampropeltis triangulum
- Lasiopodomys
- Lepisosteus
- †Leptophoca – type locality for genus
- †Leptophoca lenis – type locality for species
- Lepus
- †Lepus americanus
- Libinia
- Lithophaga – or unidentified comparable form
- Littoraria
- Lontra
- †Lontra canadensis
Pair of living Lontra canadensis, or North American river otter
- †Lophocetus
- Lopholatilus
- Lucina
- Lunatia
- Lyonsia
- Macoma
- †Macoma balthica
- Macrocallista
- †Macrokentriodon – type locality for genus
- †Mammut
- †Mammut americanum
- †Mammuthus
- †Mammuthus columbi
- †Mammuthus primigenius
Life restorations of a Mammut americanum, or American mastodon (right), and a Mammuthus primigenius, or wooly mammoth (left)
- Marginella
- Marmota
- †Marmota monax
- Martesia
- Mathilda
- †Megalonyx
- Megaptera
- Melampus
- Melanitta
- †Melanitta deglandi
- Meleagris
- †Meleagris gallopavo
A wild male Meleagris gallopavo, or turkey, displaying his facial coloration and tail feathers to attract a female
- Membranipora
- Menestho
- Mephitis
- †Mephitis mephitis
- Mercenaria
- †Mercenaria mercenaria
- Meretrix
- †Merychippus
- †Mesocetus
- †Metaxytherium
- Microtus
- †Microtus chrotorrhinus – or unidentified comparable form
- †Microtus pennsylvanicus
- †Miracinonyx
Restoration of the Pliocene-Pleistocene Miracinonyx, or American cheetah- †Miracinonyx inexpectatus
- Mitra
- Modiolus
- †Moira – tentative report
- †Monotherium
- Mulinia
- Mustela
- †Mustela vison – or unidentified comparable form
- †Mya
- †Mya arenaria
- Myliobatis
- †Mylohyus
Fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Holocene peccary Mylohyus- †Mylohyus fossilis – type locality for species
- Myodes
- Myotis
- †Myotis grisescens – or unidentified comparable form
- Mytilus
- †Nanosiren – tentative report
- Napaeozapus
- †Napaeozapus insignis
- Narona
- Nassa
- Nassarius
A living Nassarius, or nassa mud snail- †Nassarius vibex
- Neofiber
- Neotoma – type locality for genus
- †Neotoma floridana
- Nerodia
- †Nerodia sipedon
- Neverita
- Notophthalmus
- †Notophthalmus viridescens – or unidentified comparable form
- Notorynchus
- †Notorynchus cepedianus – type locality for species
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Close-up portrait of a living Notorynchus cepedianus, or broadnose sevengill shark
- Novocrania
- Nucula
- Ochotona
- †Ochotona princeps – or unidentified comparable form
- Odocoileus
- †Odocoileus virginianus
- Odontaspis
- Odostomia
- Ondatra
- †Ondatra zibethicus
- Opheodrys
- †Opheodrys vernalis
- †Orycterocetus
- †Osteopygis
- Ostrea
- †Otodus
- †Otodus megalodon
Diagram illustrating the largest (grey) and most conservative (red) size estimates of the Miocene-Pliocene shark Carcharocles megalodon (sometimes Carcharodon or Otodus megalodon) with a whale shark (violet), great white shark (green), and anachronistic human (black) to scale
- Otus
- †Oxyrhina
- †Oxyrhina desorii
- Pagurus
- †Palaeocarcharodon
- †Palaeophis
- Pandora
- Panopea
- Panopeus
- Panthera
- †Panthera leo
- †Panthera onca
- Parascalops
- †Parascalops breweri
- †Parietobalaena – type locality for genus
Life restoration of the Miocene baleen whale Parietobalaena and calf- †Parietobalaena palmeri – type locality for species
- Pecten
- Pekania
- †Pelocetus – type locality for genus
- Perisoreus
- †Perisoreus canadensis
- Peromyscus
- †Peromyscus leucopus – or unidentified comparable form
- Petricola
- †Petricola pholadiformis
- †Phenacodus – tentative report
- Phenacomys
- †Phocageneus
- Pholadomya
- †Physeterula
- Pinna
- Pipistrellus
- Pitar
- Pitymys
- Placopecten
- †Platygonus
Restoration of a herd of alarmed Miocene-Pleistocene peccaries of the genus Platygonus. Charles R. Knight (1922). - Plecotus
- Plethodon
- Pleurotomella
- Pogonias
- †Pogonias cromis – or unidentified comparable form
- Polydora
- Polystira
- †Presbyornis
- †Prionodon
- Prionotus
- †Prionotus evolans – or unidentified related form
- Propebela
- Prophaethon – tentative report
- †Protocardia
- Pseudacris
- †Pseudacris triseriata
- Pseudoliva
- Pteria
- †Ptychosalpinx
- Puffinus
A living Puffinus shearwater - Pycnodonte
- Quinqueloculina
- †Rana
- †Rana clamitans
- †Rana pipiens
- †Rana sylvatica
- Rangia
- Ranzania
- Retusa
- Rhinoptera
A school of living Rhinoptera, or cownose rays - Rhynchobatus
- †Roccus
- †Roccus saxatilis
- †Rotalia
- Salamandra
- †Scala – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- †Scala
- †Scaldicetus
- †Scapanorhynchus
- Scaphander
- Scaphella – type locality for genus
- Sceloporus
- †Sceloporus undulatus – or unidentified comparable form
- †Schizodelphis
Fossilized skull of the Miocene toothed whale Schizodelphis - Schizoporella
- Sciaenops
- Sciurus
- †Sciurus carolinensis
- †Scutella
- †Sediliopsis – type locality for genus
- Seila
- Semele – tentative report
- Semele
- Serpulorbis
- Siphonalia
- †Smilodon
Life restoration of the Pleistocene-Holocene saber-tooth cat Smilodon- †Smilodon fatalis
- †Solarium
- Solen
- Sorex
- †Sorex cinereus
- †Sorex fumeus
- Spermophilus
- †Spermophilus tridecemlineatus
- †Sphyraenodus
- Sphyrna
- Spilogale
- †Spilogale putorius – type locality for species
- Spisula
- †Squalodon
Life restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene shark-toothed dolphin Squalodon- †Squalodon calvertensis – type locality for species
- Squatina
- Squilla
- Stewartia
- Stramonita
- Strioterebrum
- †Syllomus
- Sylvilagus
- †Sylvilagus floridanus
- Synaptomys
Illustration of a living Synaptomys, or bog lemming- †Synaptomys cooperi
- Syrnola
- Tagelus
- Tamias
- †Tamias striatus
- Tamiasciurus
- †Tamiasciurus hudsonicus
- †Tapiravus
- Tapirus
.JPG)
A living Tapirus, or tapir - †Tasbacka
- Taxidea
- †Taxidea taxus – type locality for species
- Teinostoma
- Tellina
- Terebra
- Terebratula
- Teredo
- Terrapene
- †Terrapene carolina
- Testudo
- Textularia
- Thamnophis
- †Thecachampsa
Fossilized skeleton of the Oligocene-Miocene gavial relative Thecachampsa- †Thecachampsa antiqua
- Thomomys – type locality for genus
- Thracia
- Tremarctos
- Triloculina
- Trionyx – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- Triphora
- Tritonium
- Trochita
- †Trygon
- †Tuba – tentative report
- Turricula – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- Turris – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- Turritella
- Tursiops
A living Tursiops, or bottlenose dolphin - Typhis
- Umbraculum – tentative report
- Urosalpinx
- Ursus
- †Ursus americanus
- Venericardia
- Vespertilio
- Vitrinella
- Volutifusus
- Vulpes
- †Xiphiacetus
Fossilized skeleton of the Miocene whale Xiphiacetus - Xiphias
- Yoldia
gollark: People will turn any badness into a meme!
gollark: Wow, you go to a lot of countries.
gollark: <:supereyes:461859860753940480>
gollark: I'm obviously not styro, but do you *want* moths? Do you have the time to care for moths and do whatever that involves?
gollark: I assume they mean as good-tasting.
References
- Various Contributors to the Paleobiology Database. "Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database". Retrieved 7 August 2017.
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