Eldredgeops

Eldredgeops; Temporal range: Givetian–Frasnian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Eldredgeops milleri
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Trilobita
Order:	Phacopida
Suborder:	Phacopina
Superfamily:	Phacopoidea
Family:	Phacopidae
Genus:	Eldredgeops; Struve, 1990
Species
	E. rana (Green, 1832) type, = Calymene bufo rana, Phacops rana and see text ;

Eldredgeops is a genus of trilobites in the order Phacopida, family Phacopidae, known from the late Middle and earliest Upper Devonian of Morocco and the USA.

Eldredgeops norwoodensis; enrolled; Milwaukee Formation; Milwaukee County, Wisconsin.

Description

Like in all sighted Phacopina, the eyes of Eldredgeops are composed of very large (0.5mm in Eldredgeops rana), separately set lenses without a common cornea (so called schizochroal eyes), and like almost all other Phacopina, the articulate mid-length part of the body (or thorax) in Eldredgeops has 11 segments.

In contrast to the related Phacops, Eldredgeops generally has a raised ridge along the ventral margin of the cephalon, the glabella is more inflated, the lateral parts of the preoccipital ring are rectangular (and not round), the palpebral area and palpebral lobe are larger than in P. latifrons (the type species of Phacops), and there is no fold right behind the posterior vertical row of lenses nor an isolated raised area just below the lenses.[1]

Distribution

All phacopids died out in North America during the Kačák Event at the end of the Eifelian. The phacopids returned to North America during the early Givetian with the emigration of Eldredgeops species from Morocco.[1]

Taxonomy

The species included in Eldredgeops were previously regarded as belonging to Phacops. It was considered however that the post-Eifelian North-American relatives of P. rana differ sufficiently from those found in Africa and Europe to be assigned to a separate genus. The new name is used for the North American species as the type species Phacops latifrons is European. However, old combinations like Phacops rana are widely used among fossil collectors.[1] Pre-Givetian North-American species previously included in Phacops have also been reassigned, such as P. cristatus (now referred to Viaphacops), P. microps and P. raymondi (now Kainops), P. cambelli, P. birdsongensis, P. claviger and P. logani (now Paciphacops).[2]

Species and occurrence

E. rana (Green, 1832) = Phacops rana rana is present in the Givetian (Middle Cazenovian, Stafford limestone, west New York State; Iowa and adjacent states; Tioughniogan of the Appalachians and New York State) and Frasnian (Chemung sandstones, New York and Maryland).
E. africanus (Burton & Eldredge, 1974) = P. rana africanus, occurs in Morocco
E. crassituberculata (Stumm, 1953) = Phacops rana crassituberculata, appears in the Givetian (Lower Cazenovian) of the USA (Delaware and Dundee Limestone, Ohio; and Soltsville siltstone, east central New York State).
E. milleri (Stewart, 1927) = Phacops rana milleri, has been excavated from the Givetian (Middle and Upper Cazenovian, Tully Formation, New York State; Michigan and Iowa).
E. norwoodensis (Stumm, 1953) = Phacops rana norwoodensis, found in Givetian strata (Traverse Group of Michigan, Milwaukee Formation of Wisconsin, and Cedar Valley Group of Iowa and Illinois).
E. paucituberculata (Eldredge, 1972) = Phacops rana paucituberculata, can be found in the Givetian (Cazenovian) of the USA (Plum Brook shale of north-central Ohio; and Upper Ferron Point shale of northeast Michigan).
E. tindoufensis (Burton & Eldredge, 1974) = P. rana tindoufensis, in found in Morocco.[3][4]

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References

GerryK. "Phacops vs Eldredgeops". The Fossil Forum.
Hansen, George P. (2009). Trilobites of Black Cat Mountain. iUniverse.
Eldredge, Niles (1972). "Systematics and Evolution of Phacops rana (Green, 1832) and Phacops iowensis Delo, 1935 (Trilobita) from the Middle Devonian of North America". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 147: 45–114.
Burton, C.J.; Eldredge, N. (1974). "Two new subspecies of Phacops rana (Trilobita) from the Middle Devonian of North-West Africa" (PDF). Palaeontology. 17 (2): 349. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-11-04. Retrieved 2015-08-19.

Paleobiology Database entry

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[Fossilforum-1] GerryK. "Phacops vs Eldredgeops". The Fossil Forum.

[2] Hansen, George P. (2009). Trilobites of Black Cat Mountain. iUniverse.

[3] Eldredge, Niles (1972). "Systematics and Evolution of Phacops rana (Green, 1832) and Phacops iowensis Delo, 1935 (Trilobita) from the Middle Devonian of North America". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 147: 45–114.

[Burton&Eldredge-4] Burton, C.J.; Eldredge, N. (1974). "Two new subspecies of Phacops rana (Trilobita) from the Middle Devonian of North-West Africa" (PDF). Palaeontology. 17 (2): 349. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-11-04. Retrieved 2015-08-19.