Carcharhinus

Carcharhinus is the type genus of the family Carcharhinidae, the requiem sharks. One of 12 genera in its family, it contains over half of the species therein. It contains 35 extant and eight extinct species to date, with likely more species yet to be described.[3]

Carcharhinus Temporal range: Lutetian-recent ~42–0 Ma[1][2] PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
C. amblyrhynchos
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Chondrichthyes
Order:	Carcharhiniformes
Family:	Carcharhinidae
Genus:	Carcharhinus Blainville 1816
Type species
Carcharias melanopterus Quoy & Gaimard 1824
Synonyms
Aprionodon Gill 1861 Eulamia Gill 1862 Galeolamna Owen 1853 Gillisqualus Whitley 1934 Hypoprion Müller & Henle 1838 Platypodon Gill 1862 Pterolamiops Springer 1951 Uranga Whitley 1943

Species

Extant

Genus Carcharhinus Blainville 1816 - 35 extant species
Common name	Scientific name	Geographic range	Conservation status IUCN Red List	Length	Image
Blacknose shark	Carcharhinus acronotus (Poey, 1860)		Near threatened	1.3 m (4.3 ft)
Silvertip shark	Carcharhinus albimarginatus (Rüppell, 1837)		Vulnerable	2–2.5 m (6.6–8.2 ft) maximum 3 m (9.8 ft)
Bignose shark	Carcharhinus altimus (S. Springer, 1950)		Data deficient	2.7–2.8 m (8.9–9.2 ft) possibly 3 m (9.8 ft)
Graceful shark	Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides (Whitley, 1934)		Near threatened	1.7 m (5.6 ft)
Grey reef shark	Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos (Bleeker, 1856)		Near threatened	Mostly less than 1.9 m (6.2 ft) maximum 2.6 m (8.5 ft)
Pigeye shark	Carcharhinus amboinensis (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)		Data deficient	1.9–2.5 m (6.2–8.2 ft) max. 2.8 m (9.2 ft)
Borneo shark	Carcharhinus borneensis (Bleeker, 1858)		Endangered	0.7 m (2.3 ft)
Copper shark	Carcharhinus brachyurus (Günther, 1870)		Near threatened	3.3 m (11 ft)
Spinner shark	Carcharhinus brevipinna (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)		Near threatened	2 m (6.6 ft) maximum 3 m (9.8 ft)
Nervous shark	Carcharhinus cautus (Whitley, 1945)		Data deficient	1.0–1.3 m (3.3–4.3 ft) possibly 1.5 m (4.9 ft)
Pacific smalltail shark	Carcharhinus cerdale (C. H. Gilbert, 1898)		Not evaluated	1.4 m (4.6 ft)
Coates' shark	Carcharhinus coatesi (Whitley, 1939)		Not evaluated	0.8 m (2.6 ft)
Whitecheek shark	Carcharhinus dussumieri (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)		Near threatened	1 m (3.3 ft)
Silky shark	Carcharhinus falciformis (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)		Near threatened	2.5 m (8.2 ft) maximum 3.5 m (11 ft)
Creek whaler	Carcharhinus fitzroyensis (Whitley, 1943)		Least concern	1.0–1.3 m (3.3–4.3 ft) possibly 1.5 m (4.9 ft)
Galapagos shark	Carcharhinus galapagensis (Snodgrass & Heller, 1905)		Near threatened	3 m (9.8 ft) maximum 3.3 m (11 ft)
Pondicherry shark	Carcharhinus hemiodon (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)		Critically endangered	1 m (3.3 ft)
Human's whaler shark	Carcharhinus humani (W. T. White & Weigmann, 2014)		Not evaluated	0.8 m (2.6 ft)
Finetooth shark	Carcharhinus isodon (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)		Least concern	1.6–1.7 m (5.2–5.6 ft) maximum 1.9 m (6.2 ft)
Smoothtooth blacktip shark	Carcharhinus leiodon (Garrick, 1985)		Vulnerable	1.2 m (3.9 ft)
Bull shark	Carcharhinus leucas (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)		Near threatened	2.3–2.4 m (7.5–7.9 ft) maximum 3.5 m (11 ft)
Blacktip shark	Carcharhinus limbatus (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)		Near threatened	1.5 m (4.9 ft) maximum 2.8 m (9.2 ft)
Oceanic whitetip shark	Carcharhinus longimanus (Poey, 1861)		Vulnerable	3 m (9.8 ft)
Hardnose shark	Carcharhinus macloti (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)		Near threatened	1.1 m (3.6 ft)
Blacktip reef shark	^TCarcharhinus melanopterus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)		Near threatened	1.6 m (5.2 ft) maximum 1.8 m (5.9 ft)
Dusky shark	Carcharhinus obscurus (Lesueur, 1818)		Vulnerable	3.2 m (10 ft) maximum 4.2 m (14 ft)
Lost shark[4]	Carcharhinus obsolerus (White, Kyne & Harris, 2019)		Not evaluated	0.37–0.43 m (15–17 in) (juvenile length only)
Caribbean reef shark	Carcharhinus perezi (Poey, 1876)		Near threatened	2–2.5 m (6.6–8.2 ft) maximum 3 m (9.8 ft)
Sandbar shark	Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo, 1827)		Vulnerable	2–2.5 m (6.6–8.2 ft)
Smalltail shark	Carcharhinus porosus (Ranzani, 1839)		Data deficient	0.9–1.1 m (3.0–3.6 ft) maximum 1.5 m (4.9 ft)
Blackspot shark	Carcharhinus sealei (Pietschmann, 1913)		Near threatened	1 m (3.3 ft)
Night shark	Carcharhinus signatus (Poey, 1868)		Vulnerable	2 m (6.6 ft) maximum 2.8 m (9.2 ft)
Spot-tail shark	Carcharhinus sorrah (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)		Near threatened	1.6 m (5.2 ft)
Australian blacktip shark	Carcharhinus tilstoni (Whitley, 1950)		Least concern	1.5–1.8 m (4.9–5.9 ft) maximum 2 m (6.6 ft)
Indonesian whaler shark	Carcharhinus tjutjot (Bleeker, 1852)		Not evaluated	0.9 m (3.0 ft)

^T Type species

Fossil

Age	Species	Authority	Formation	Location	Image	Notes
Montehermosan	†C. egertoni	Agassiz 1843	Onzole	Ecuador		[5]
Pliocene			Luanda	Angola
			Villamagna	Italy
Huayquerian			Camacho	Uruguay
Late Miocene			Penedo	Portugal
Middle Miocene			Sekinobana	Japan
			Suso
			Hannoura
Langhian			Higashi-innai
Colhuehuapian			Pirabas	Brazil		[6]
Burdigalian			Calvert	Maryland		[5]
Early Miocene			Baripada	India
Early Piacenzian	†C. priscus	Agassiz 1843	Oosterhout	Netherlands		[7]
Montehermosan			Onzole	Ecuador
Pliocene			Luanda	Angola
Hemphillian			Curré	Costa Rica
Huayquerian			Pisco	Peru
Late Miocene			Penedo	Portugal
			Uscari	Costa Rica
			Fujina	Japan
			Takakubo
Badenian			Hrušky	Czech Republic
			Korytnica	Poland
Serravallian			Moulin de Débat	France
			Kurahara	Japan
			Wajimazaki
			Horimatsu
Middle Miocene			Sekinobana
			Suso
			Hannoura
			Maenami
Langhian			Higashi-innai
			Florianer Schichten	Austria
			Grund
			Weissenegg
Middle Miocene			Punta Judas	Costa Rica
Burdigalian			Dera Bugti	Pakistan
			Dam	Saudi Arabia
Colhuehuapian			Pirabas	Brazil		[6]
Aquitanian			Trent	North Carolina		[7]
Early Miocene			Filakovo	Slovakia
Chasicoan	†C. caquetius	Carrillo Briceño et al. 2015	Urumaco	Venezuela		[8]
Santacrucian	†C. ackermani	Santos & Travasos 1960	Cantaure	Venezuela		[9][10]
Colhuehuapian			Pirabas	Brazil		[6]
Burdigalian	†C. gibbesi	Woodward 1889	Trent	North Carolina		[2][11]
Chattian			Chandler Bridge	South Carolina
Priabonian			Clinchfield	Georgia
			Yazoo	Alabama Louisiana
			Jackson Gp.	Arkansas
Bartonian			Gosport Sand	Alabama
			Moodys Branch	Louisiana Mississippi
Lutetian			Crockett	Texas
Rupelian	†C. balochenisis	Adnet et al. 2007	Chitarwata	Pakistan		[12][13]
Rupelian	†C. perseus	Adnet et al. 2007	Chitarwata	Pakistan		[12][14]
			Minqar Tabaghbagh	Egypt
Bartonian	†C. nigeriensis	White 1926	Ameki	Nigeria		[15][16]

See also

• List of prehistoric cartilaginous fish genera

References

1. Carrier, J.C.; J.A. Musick & M.R. Heithaus (2004). Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives. CRC Press. p. 52. ISBN 0-8493-1514-X.
2. Cicimurri & Knight, 2009
3. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2011). Species of Carcharhinus in FishBase. February 2011 version.
4. Harris et al., 2019
5. Carcharhinus egertoni at Fossilworks.org
6. De Aráujo Távora et al., 2010
7. Carcharhinus priscus at Fossilworks.org
8. Carrillo Briceño et al., 2015
9. Aguilera & De Aguilera, 2001
10. C. ackermani at Fossilworks.org
11. C. gibbesi at Fossilworks.org
12. Adnet et al., 2007
13. C. balochenisis at Fossilworks.org
14. C. perseus at Fossilworks.org
15. C. nigeriensis at Fossilworks.org
16. Halstead & Middleton, 1974

Bibliography

• Adnet, S.; P.-O. Antoine; S.R. Hassan Baqri; J. Crochet; L. Marivaux; J. Welcomme, and G. Métais. 2007. New tropical carcharhinids (chondrichthyes, Carcharhiniformes) from the late Eocene–early Oligocene of Balochistan, Pakistan: Paleoenvironmental and paleogeographic implications. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 30. 303–323. Accessed 2019-03-05.
• Aguilera, Ó, and D. De Aguilera. 2001. An exceptional coastal upwelling fish assemblage in the Caribbean Neogene. Journal of Paleontology 75. 732–742. Accessed 2019-03-05.
• De Araújo Távora, Vladimir; André Augusto Rodrigues dos Santos, and Raphael Neto Araújo. 2010. Localidades fossilíferas da Formação Pirabas (Mioceno Inferior). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi 5. 207–224. Accessed 2017-08-15.
• Carrillo Briceño, Jorge D.; Erin Maxwell; Órangel A. Aguilera; Rodolfo Sánchez, and Marcelo R. Sánchez Villagra. 2015. Sawfishes and Other Elasmobranch Assemblages from the Mio-Pliocene of the South Caribbean (Urumaco Sequence, Northwestern Venezuela). PLoS ONE 10. e0139230. Accessed 2019-03-05.
• Cicimurri, D.J., and J.L. Knight. 2009. Late Oligocene sharks and rays from the Chandler Bridge Formation, Dorchester County, South Carolina, USA. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 54. 627–647. Accessed 2019-03-05.
• Halstead, L.B., and J.A. Middleton. 1974. New material of the archaeocete whale Pappocetus lugardi Andrews, from the middle Eocene of Nigeria. Journal of Mining and Geology 8. 81–85.
• Harris, Mark; Peter M. Kyne, and William T. White. 2019. Lost before found: A new species of whaler shark Carcharhinus obsolerus from the Western Central Pacific known only from historic records. PLoS ONE 14. e0209387. Accessed 2019-03-05.