List of private spaceflight companies

This page is a list of non-governmental (privately owned) entities that currently offer—or are planning to offer—equipment and services geared towards spaceflight, both robotic and human.

List of abbreviations used in this article

LEO: Low Earth orbit
GTO: Geostationary transfer orbit
VTOL: Vertical take-off and landing
SSTO: Single-stage-to-orbit
TSTO: Two-stage-to-orbit
SSTSO: Single-stage-to-sub-orbit

Commercial astronauts

Manufacturers of space vehicles

Cargo transport vehicles
See also: Comparison of space station cargo vehicles
Company name Spacecraft Launch system Length (m) Dry mass (kg) Launch mass (kg) Payload (kg) Payload volume (m3) Return payload (kg) Diameter (m) Generated power (W) Automated docking Status
SpaceX Dragon Falcon 9 Block 5 6.1 4,200[4] 10,200 3,310 pressurized or unpressurized, in any mixture[5] 10.0 (pressurized), plus 14 (unpressurized), or 34 (unpressurized with extended trunk)[6] 2,500 capsule return[7] 3.7 2,000[8] No Retired (21/22)
Dragon 2 Falcon 9 Block 5 8.1 6,400 3,310 10.0 (pressurized), plus 14 (unpressurized) 2,500 3.7 Yes Development
Planned: 2020
Orbital Cygnus (standard) Antares 1x0 5.14 1,500[9] 2,000[9] 18.9[9] None 3.07 3,500[10] No Retired (3/4)
Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems Cygnus (enhanced) Antares 230
Atlas V 401		 6.34 1,800[11] 3,500[11] 27[11] None 3.07 No Operational (7/7)
Sierra Nevada Corporation Dream Chaser Cargo System Atlas V
Vulcan[12]		 5,000 pressurized, 500 unpressurized[13] 1,750[13] Yes Development
Planned: 2020

Crew transport vehicles
See also: Comparison of crewed space vehicles

Orbital
Company name Spacecraft Range Launch
system		 Crew
size		 Length (m) Diameter (m) Launch mass (kg) Power
system		 Generated
power (W)		 First
spaceflight*		 Status
Blue Origin Biconic Space Vehicle LEO New Glenn Planned date not known Development
Boeing CST-100 LEO Multiple, initially Atlas V 7 [14] 5.03 [15] 4.56 [15] Solar panels Planned: 2021
(20 December 2019)		 Operational (1/1)
Sierra Nevada Corporation Dream Chaser Space System LEO Multiple, initially Atlas V 7 [16][17] 9 [18] 11,300 [19] Planned date not known Development
SpaceX Dragon 2 LEO Falcon 9 Block 5 7[note 1] 8.1[20] 3.7[21] Solar panels May 30 2020
(2 March 2019)		 Operational (2/2)
Starship Mars[22][note 2] Super Heavy <=100 48[22] 9[22][note 3] 1,335,000[22] Solar panels Planned: 2020 (Q2 2020)[22] Development
* - Format: Crewed (Uncrewed), includes failures
  1. Number of seats will be 4 for crew member rotations for the ISS
  2. Although designed to be capable of flying to anywhere in the solar system, this vehicle's intended maximum range is Mars
  3. Plus fins/legs

Suborbital
See also: Ansari X Prize § Contestants
Company name Spacecraft Range Launch
system		 Crew
size		 Length (m) Diameter (m) Launch mass (kg) First
spaceflight*		 Status
Scaled Composites SpaceShipOne 100 km (62 mi) White Knight 1 8.53 8.05 3,600 21 June 2004 Retired (3/3)[note 1]
Blue Origin New Shepard Crew Capsule 114 km (71 mi) (capsule, using the launch escape system motor) New Shepard 6 3.6 Planned date not known (23 November 2015) Testing (9/9)[note 2]
The Spaceship Company SpaceShipTwo 110 km (68 mi) White Knight Two 1 18.3 8.3 9,740 Planned date not known Testing
Copenhagen Suborbitals[note 3] Tycho Deep Space 105 km (65 mi)
 Spica 1 13 0.955 4,000 Planned date not known Development
PD AeroSpace (Unknown) 110 km (68 mi)[23] (Unknown) 8 (6 passengers, 2 pilots) 14.8[24] >6,000 Planned date not known Development
* - Format: Crewed (Uncrewed), includes failures
  1. Does not include crewed atmospheric flights
  2. Does not include flights not reaching the Kármán line
  3. Denmark's amateur human space program.

Launch vehicle manufacturers
Further information: List of orbital launch systems
Company name Launcher
name		 Launcher
type		 No. of
stages		 Maximum
reach		 Launcher
status		 Maiden
flight		 Ref
ARCA Space Haas 2b Suborbital crewed rocket 1 Suborbital Development [25]
Haas 2CA Light rocket 1 LEO Development [26]
Super Haas Medium rocket 2 LEO Proposed [27]
Australian Space Research Institute AUSROC Nano Light rocket 2 LEO Development [28]
Astra Space Rocket 1 Sounding rocket 2 Suborbital Retired (0/1) 2018 [29][30][31]
Rocket 2 Sounding rocket 2 Suborbital Operational (0/1) 2018 [32]
Astra Light rocket 2 LEO Development [33]
SALVO Light rocket 2 LEO Cancelled — [34][35][36]
Blue Origin New Shepard Suborbital crewed rocket 1 Suborbital Operational (12/12) 2015
New Glenn Heavy rocket 2 or 3 GTO Development 2021 (planned) [37][38]
Canadian Arrow Canadian Arrow Suborbital crewed rocket 2 Suborbital Cancelled — [39]
Datiotec Aeroespacial / INMEU A.C. JFCR.2000-Pollux Sounding socket 1 Suborbital Development [40][41]
Exos Aerospace SARGE Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Operational (0/4) 2018 [42][43]
Firefly Aerospace Firefly Alpha Light rocket 2 LEO Development 2020 (planned)
Firefly Beta Light rocket 2 + 2 boosters LEO Development
General Astronautics Urania Medium rocket 3 LEO Cancelled — [44][45]
Gilmour Space Technologies Ariel Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Development [46]
Eris Light rocket 3 LEO Development [46]
Generation Orbit X-60A (GOLauncher 1) Air-launched sounding rocket 1 + airplane Suborbital Development [47][48]
GOLauncher 2 Air-launch-to-orbit 2 + airplane LEO Development
Independence-X Aerospace DNLV (Dedicated Nano Launch Vehicle) Light rocket 2 LEO Development 2023 (planned) [49][50]
Interorbital Systems NEPTUNE N series Light rocket 3–4 LEO Development [51][52]
NEPTUNE N36 Light rocket 4 TLI Proposed [51][52]
Neptune TSAAHTO Medium rocket 2½ TLI Proposed [51]
Interstellar Technologies Momo Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Operational (1/4) 2017 [53][54]
Leaf Space Primo Light rocket 2 LEO Proposed [55][56]
Lin Industrial Taymyr Light rocket 3 LEO Development 2020 (planned) [57][58]
Lockheed Martin VentureStar Reusable spaceplane 1 LEO Cancelled — [59]
Athena Medium rocket 2 or 3 TLI Retired (5/7) 1995
Mishaal Aerospace M-SV Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Development [60][61][62]
M-OV Light rocket 1 + 6 Boosters LEO Development [60][61][63]
M-LV Light rocket 1 + 8 boosters TLI Development [60][61][64]
OneSpace OS-X Sounding rocket 2 Suborbital Operational (2/2) 2018 [65]
OS-M1 Light rocket 3 LEO Operational (0/1) 2019 [66]
OS-M2 Light rocket 3 + 2 boosters LEO Development [67]
OS-M4 Light rocket 3 + 4 boosters LEO Development [68]
Orbex Prime Light rocket 2 LEO Development 2021 (planned) [69]
Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems Antares Medium rocket 3 LEO Operational (10/11) 2013 [70]
Minotaur-C, formerly Taurus Light rocket 4 LEO Operational (7/10) 1994 [71][72][73]
Pegasus Air-launch-to-orbit 3-4 + airplane HEO Operational (39/44) 1990
Omega Medium rocket 3 + 0-6 boosters GEO Development 2021 (planned)
Orbital Transport & Raketen AG OTRAG Medium rocket variable LEO (designed)
Suborbital (achieved)		 Retired (15/18) 1977 [74]
Perigee Aerospace Blue Whale 1 Light rocket 2 LEO Development 2020 (planned) [75][76]
PLD Space Miura 1 Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Development 2020-2021 (planned) [77][78][79][80]
Miura 5 Light rocket 3 LEO Development 2022 (planned) [78]
Relativity Space Terran 1 Light rocket 2 LEO Development 2020 (planned) [81]
Rocket Crafters Intrepid-1 Light rocket 2 LEO Development [82][83]
Rocket Lab Ātea-1 Sounding rocket 2 Suborbital Retired (1/1) 2009 [84][85]
Ātea-2 Sounding rocket 2 Suborbital Cancelled [86]
Electron Light rocket 2 LEO Operational (9/10) 2017 [87]
RocketStar Star-Lord Light rocket 2 LEO Development [88]
Skyroot Aerospace Vikram-1 Light rockets 3 LEO Development 2021 (planned) [89]
Skyrora Skyrora 1 Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Development 2020 (planned) [90][91][92]
Skyrora XL Light rocket 3 LEO Development 2021 (planned) [93][94][95]
SpaceForest Bigos Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Operational (5/5) 2015 [96]
Candle-2 Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Operational (1/1) 2016 [97][98][99]
Perun Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Operational (1/1) 2020[100] [101]
SIR (Suborbital Inexpensive Rocket) Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Development 2022 (planned) [96][102]
Space Services Inc. Percheron Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Cancelled — [103]
Conestoga 1620 Medium rocket 4 LEO (designed)
Suborbital (achieved)		 Retired (0/1) 1995 [103]
SpaceLS Prometheus-1 Light rocket 2 LEO Development [104][105]
SpaceX Falcon 1 Light rocket 2 LEO Retired (2/5) 2008 [106]
Falcon 1e Light rocket 2 LEO Cancelled — [106]
Falcon 5 Medium rocket 2 GTO Cancelled — [107]
Falcon 9 v1.0 Medium rocket 2 GTO (designed)
LEO (achieved)		 Retired (5/5) 2010 [108]
Falcon 9 v1.1 Medium rocket 2 HCO Retired (14/15) 2013 [108]
Falcon 9 Full Thrust
Block 1-4		 Medium rocket (first stage reusable) /
Heavy Rocket (expendable configuration)		 2 TMI[109] Retired (36/36) 2015 [108]
Falcon 9 Block 5 Medium rocket (first stage reusable) /
Heavy Rocket (expendable configuration)		 2 TMI[109] Operational (34/34) 2018 [110][111]
Falcon Heavy Heavy rocket (first stage core and side boosters reusable) / Super heavy rocket (expendable configuration) 2 + 2 boosters Deep space (Pluto)[112] Operational (3/3) 2018 [108][113]
Starship Super-heavy-lift launch vehicle 2 Deep space Development 2020 (planned)[114] [115]
United Launch Alliance Atlas V Medium rocket 2 + 0-5 boosters TMI Operational (80/81) 2002 [116]
Delta II 6000 Medium rocket 2-3 + 9 boosters GTO Retired (17/17) 1989 [117]
Delta II 7000 Light rocket 2-3 + 3, 4 or 9 boosters GTO Retired (130/132) 1990 [117]
Delta II 7000H Medium rocket 2-3 + 9 boosters TMI Retired (6/6) 2003 [117]
Delta IV Medium rocket 2 + 0, 2 or 4 boosters GTO Retired 2003 [118]
Delta IV Heavy Heavy rocket 2 + 2 boosters GTO Operational (10/11) 2004 [119]
Vulcan Heavy rocket 2 + 0-6 boosters GTO Development 2021 (planned) [120]
Vector Launch Vector-R Light rocket 2 LEO Development
Vector-RE1 Light rocket 2 or 3 LEO Development
Vector-H Light rocket 2 LEO Cancelled
Vector-HE1 Light rocket 2 or 3 LEO Development
Virgin Galactic LauncherOne Air-launch-to-orbit 2 + airplane LEO Testing 2020 (planned) [121]
Zero2infinity Bloostar Rockoon system (high-altitude balloon and in-space rocket launcher) 3 + high-altitude balloon LEO Development Unknown [122]

Landers, rovers and orbiters
See also: Google Lunar X Prize § Competitors
Company name Craft name Craft type Craft status Ref
ARCASPACE ELE (European Lunar Explorer) lunar orbiter Cancelled [123]
Astrobotic Technology Red Rover lunar rover Development [124]
Griffin (previously Artemis Lander) lunar lander Negotiating [125]
Peregrine Lander lunar lander Development [126]
Euroluna ROMIT lunar rover Cancelled [127]
Golden Spike Company
(defunct)		 unnamed crewed lunar lander Cancelled [128]
Hakuto Sorato lunar rover Development [129][130]
Tetris lunar rover Cancelled [131]
Independence-X Aerospace SQUALL (Scientific Quest Unmanned Autonomous Lunar Lander) lunar lander Cancelled [132]
Interorbital Systems RIPPER (Robotic InterPlanetary Prospector Excavator Retriever) lunar lander Development [133]
Intuitive Machines Nova-C lander, and Universal Reentry Vehicle (URV)[134] lunar lander; reusable orbital vehicle Development [135]
Lunar Mission One unnamed lunar lander Proposed (2014) [136]
Masten Space Systems XEUS lunar lander Negotiating [125]
Masten Space Systems XL-1 lunar lander Development [137]
Moon Express MX-1 lunar lander Testing [125][138]
Odyssey Moon MoonOne (M-1) lunar rover Cancelled [139]
Omega Envoy Sagan lunar rover Cancelled [140]
OrbitBeyond Z-01 lunar landers and rovers Proposed (2018) [141][142]
PTScientists Audi Lunar quattro lunar rover Testing [143]
PTScientists ALINA (Autonomous Landing and Navigation Module) lunar lander Development [144]
Puli Space Technologies Puli lunar rover Fundraising [145]
Team FREDNET Picorover lunar rover Cancelled [146]
Team Italia AMALIA (Ascensio Machinae Ad Lunam Italica Arte) lunar rover Cancelled [147]
Team Indus HHK-1 lunar lander Development
Team Indus ECA lunar rover Development
TransOrbital TrailBlazer lunar orbiter Cancelled [148]
Team Plan B Plan B lunar rover Cancelled
Spacebit Asagumo lunar rover Development [149]
Space IL Beresheet lunar lander Crashed upon landing
Space Explration Corp Defiant lunar lander Cancelled [150]
Synergy Moon Tesla lunar rover Development [151]

Research craft and tech demonstrators
Further information: List of sounding rockets
Company name Craft name Craft purpose Craft status Ref
ARCA Demonstrator 2b demonstrate reusable monopropellant engine Retired
Armadillo Aerospace Quad demonstrate VTOL Retired
ASRI AUSROC I systems Testing Retired
AUSROC II payload to 10 km Retired
AUSROC 2.5 systems Testing Testing
AUSROC III payload of 150 kg to 500 km Development
Blue Origin Goddard demonstrate VTOL Retired
Interorbital Systems Neutrino systems Testing Operational
Tachyon systems Testing Operational [152]
Lockheed Martin X-33 demonstrate SSTO Cancelled
Masten Space Systems XA-0.1 demonstrate VTOL Retired
XA-0.1B Lunar Lander Challenge Level 1 Operational
XA-0.1E Lunar Lander Challenge Level 2, commercial precursor flights Retired (12 flights)
XA-0.1E2 commercial flights Destroyed (115 flights)
XA-0.1E4 commercial flights Retired (75 flights)
XA-0.1E5 commercial flights Operational
XL-1T terrestrial test bed for the XL-1 lunar lander Development
Xeus commercial flights Development
McDonnell Douglas DC-X demonstrate VTOL Retired (11 test flights)
Origin Space Yang Wang-1 space mineral resources developer Development [153]
Rotary Rocket Roton ATV demonstrate VTOL Retired (3 test flights)
Space Services Inc. Conestoga I systems Testing Retired (1 test) [103]
SpaceX Grasshopper demonstrate VTOL Retired (8 tests) [154]
F9R Dev1 refine VTOL (low altitude) Destroyed (5 flights) [155]
F9R Dev2 refine VTOL (high altitude) Cancelled
Starhopper demonstrate VTOL Retired (2 test flights)
Swedish Space Corp. Maxus payload to 700 km Operational
Maser payload to 300 km Operational
UP Aerospace SpaceLoft XL payload to 140 km Operational [156]
World View Enterprises Tycho Platform payload up to 46 km and 300 kg Operational [157]
zero2infinity nanobloon 1.0 payload to 32 km Operational [158]
nanobloon 2.0 payload to 33 km Operational
microbloon 1.0 payload to 24 km Operational
microbloon 2.0 payload to 31 km Operational
microbloon 3.0 payload to 27 km Operational

Propulsion manufacturers
Company name Engine Engine type Applications Status Ref
Accion Systems Inc. MAX-1, TILE electrospray ion small satellite/CubeSat Development [159][160]
Ad Astra Rocket Company VASIMR plasma propulsion space tug/orbital transfer vehicle Development [161]
ARCA Executor LOX/RP-1 IAR 111, Haas 2, Haas 2b, Super Haas Development
ArianeGroup Vulcain LH2/LOX Ariane 5/Ariane 6 Main stage Operational
Blue Origin BE-3 LH2/LOX New Shepard Operational
Blue Origin BE-4 LOX/CH
4		 Vulcan, New Glenn Development
CU Aerospace PUC microcavity discharge small satellite/CubeSat Development [162][163]
CU Aerospace CHIPS resistojet small satellite/CubeSat Development [163][164]
CU Aerospace PPT-11 pulsed plasma small satellite/CubeSat Development [165][166]
Exo Terra Resource Halo Hall effect small satellite/CubeSat Development [167]
Reaction Engines Ltd. SABRE hybrid air-breathing/chemical Skylon Development [168]
SpaceDev RocketMotorOne hybrid SpaceShipOne Retired [169]
SpaceX Kestrel LOX/RP-1 Falcon 1 second stage Retired
SpaceX Merlin LOX/RP-1 Falcon 1, Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy first stage/boosters Operational [170][171][112]
SpaceX Merlin Vacuum LOX/RP-1 Falcon 9 second stage, Falcon Heavy second stage Operational [171][112]
SpaceX Raptor LOX/CH
4		 SpaceX Mars transportation infrastructure Testing [172]
Virgin Galactic RocketMotorTwo hybrid SpaceShipTwo Development

Satellite launchers
Company Launch vehicles Private Refs
Antrix Corporation GSLV, PSLV No; owned by India
Arianespace Ariane, Vega Partial; minority owned by some EU states
Eurockot Launch Services Rockot No; 49% owned by Russia, and 51% by Kazakhstan
Glavcosmos Soyuz No; owned by Russia
IHI Corporation Epsilon Yes; some R&D by JAXA
International Launch Services Proton No; 51%+ owned by Russia
ISC Kosmotras Dnepr No; Owned by Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries H-IIA Yes; own launchers, R&D done by JAXA. [173]
Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems Antares, Minotaur Partial; own launchers, funded by NASA
Rocket Lab Electron Yes; own launchers
SpaceX Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy Yes; own launchers
Sea Launch Zenit Yes; owned by S7 Airlines
Starsem Soyuz No; 25% Owned by Russia, 25% Samara, 35% EADS SPACE Transportation, 15% EU
United Launch Alliance Atlas V, Delta IV Heavy Yes; 50% owned by Lockheed Martin, 50% Boeing

Space-based economy
Further information: Space-based economy

Space manufacturing
Company name Products Manufacturing craft Status Ref
Shackleton Energy Company propellant, space infrastructure, propellant depot Unknown Defunct (2020) [174]
Made In Space 3D printing in ISS, in-space antenna systems, fiber optics Unknown Operational (2018) [175]
Deep Space Industries propellant, communications platforms, space solar power satellites MicroGravity Foundry Defunct (2020) [176]

Space mining
Company name Body to be mined Mining craft Mining status Ref
Deep Space Industries Near-Earth asteroids Prospector-1, Harvestor 1 Defunct (2019) [177][178]
ispace Moon Hakuto-R Development [179][180]
Moon Express Moon MX-1, MX-2, MX-5, MX-9 Development [181]
Planetary Resources Near-Earth asteroids Arkyd Series 100, 200, 300 Cancelled [182]
Shackleton Energy Company Moon TBD Defunct (2020) [174]
Space Development Nexus Near-Earth asteroids SDNx BR-1, BR-2, Proposed (2016) [183]

Space stations
Private Company name Space Craft name Space Craft type Internal
volume		 Passenger
capacity		 Craft status Orbit Around Ref
Axiom Space Axiom International Commercial Space Station Rigid Module 8[184] Proposed (2016) Earth [185][186]
Bigelow Aerospace Genesis I subscale test spacecraft Inflatable module 11.5 m3 (406 cu ft)[187] Uncrewed Derelict, on orbit[188] Earth [189]
Bigelow Aerospace Genesis II subscale test spacecraft Inflatable module 11.5 m3 (406 cu ft)[190] Uncrewed Derelict, on orbit[188] Earth [191]
Bigelow Aerospace Galaxy Inflatable module 16.7 m3 (590 cu ft)[192] Uncrewed Cancelled Earth [193]
Bigelow Aerospace Sundancer Inflatable module 180 m3 (6,357 cu ft) 3 Cancelled Earth [194]
Bigelow Aerospace BA 330 Inflatable module 330 m3 (11,654 cu ft) 6 Cancelled[195] Earth [196][197][198]
Bigelow Aerospace BA 2100 Inflatable module 2,100 m3 (74,161 cu ft) 16 Cancelled[195] Earth [199]
Bigelow Aerospace Space Complex Alpha Inflatable space station 690 m3 (24,367 cu ft) 12 Cancelled Earth
Excalibur Almaz Almaz derivative Rigid module 3 Cancelled Earth [200][201][202]
Galactic Suite Ltd. Galactic Suite Rigid module 6 Proposed (2007) Earth [203]
Orion Span Aurora Space Station Rigid module 160 m3 (5,650 cu ft) 6 (2 Crew, 4 Tourists) Proposed (2018) Earth [204][205]
Sierra Nevada Corporation Large Inflatable Fabric Environment Inflatable module 300 m3 (10,594 cu ft) 4 Testing Moon/Mars [206]

Space settlement
Company name Colony location Status Ref
SpaceX Mars Development [207][208][209]
Mars One Mars Defunct (2019) [210][211]

Spacecraft component developers and manufacturers
Company Products Refs
Altius Space Machines Rendezvous and capture technology for uncooperative satellites; magnetoshell aerocapture and aerobraking technology for CubeSats; lightweight robotic manipulators
Andrews Space Reusable space vehicles; HTHL spacecraft; magnetorquers
Alén Space NanoSats and CubeSats [212]
Axelspace CubeSats [213][214]
Craig Technologies Small satellite deployment services (up to 110 kg); microgravity payload integration [215]
EADS Astrium Satellites Spacecraft and ground segment elements
EADS Astrium Space Transportation Launchers and orbital infrastructure
Innovative Solutions In Space CubeSat manufacture and operation, as of 2018 [216]
Made in Space 3D printers for use in microgravityas of 2013 [217]
Mynaric Laser communication for satellites and aircraft
NanoRacks In-space services; small satellite launch services; CubeSat launch services; microgravity payload integrationas of 2018 [218]
SpaceDev Small spacecraft; propulsion products and services; space components, mechanisms and structures
SpaceQuest, Ltd. Spacecraft and spacecraft components
Xplore Satellite payload transport and hosting in Earth orbit and Beyond Earth orbit (BEO) destinations, including flight to asteroids, Venus, and Mars. Active as of 2020 [219]

Spaceliner companies
Company name Contracts for Craft utilised Status Notes Refs
Benson Space Company SpaceDev Dream Chaser Defunct [220]
MirCorp none Soyuz TM, Progress M1 and Mir Defunct Mir deorbited
Space Adventures none Soyuz and the ISS Active 7 tourists sent
RocketShip Tours XCOR Lynx rocketplane Defunct
Virgin Galactic Scaled Composites Spaceship Two, White Knight 2 Development 7 Spaceship Two glide flights successfully completed
gollark: bye.
gollark: 170.
gollark: Hmm, as vaguely inelegant as it might be, maybe have the code store 1 to 3 (0 to 2) and then convert that to three brightness levels separately.
gollark: Besides, your code says 254, not 255.
gollark: Why do you need exactly and specifically that?

See also

References
  1. "Association of Spaceflight Professionals - H+Pedia". hpluspedia.org. Retrieved 2018-07-31.
  2. Kisfaludy, Eddie (2012-06-17), Welcome to the World's First Commercial Astronaut Corps, Christopher Altman, Kristine Ferrone, Jose Hurtado, IMDb: Internet Movie Database, retrieved 2018-07-31
  3. Seedhouse, Erik. Astronauts for Hire: The Emergence of the World's First Commercial Astronaut Corps. Springer-Verlag: New York (2012).
  4. "SpaceX Brochure v7" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  5. Bergin, Chris (19 October 2012). "Dragon enjoying ISS stay, despite minor issues – Falcon 9 investigation begins". NASASpaceflight.com. Retrieved 21 October 2012. CRS-2 will debut the use of Dragon’s Trunk section, capable of delivering unpressurized cargo, prior to the payload being removed by the ISS’ robotic assets after berthing.
  6. "Fact sheet" (PDF). www.spacex.com.
  7. "Falcon 9 launches Dragon on CRS-1 mission to the ISS – NASASpaceFlight.com". www.nasaspaceflight.com.
  8. "Dragonlab Datasheet" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 January 2011. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  9. "Cygnus Fast Sheet" (PDF). Orbital Sciences Co. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
  10. "The Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2012" (PDF). Federal Aviation Administration. February 2012. Retrieved 8 February 2013.
  11. "Cygnus Spacecraft Information". Spaceflight101.
  12. "NSRC Day 2 Summary". Parabolic Arc. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  13. "Sierra Nevada Hopes Dream Chaser Finds "Sweet Spot" of ISS Cargo Competition". SpaceNews. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
  14. "Commercial Human Spaceflight Plan Unveiled". Aviation Week. July 20, 2010. Retrieved September 16, 2010.
  15. Burghardt, Mike (August 2011). "Boeing CST-100: Commercial Crew Transportation System" (PDF). Boeing. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-01. Retrieved May 8, 2014.
  16. "Dream Chaser Model Drops in at NASA Dryden" (Press release). Dryden Flight Research Center: NASA. 2010-12-17. Archived from the original on 2014-01-07. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
  17. Chang, Kenneth (2011-02-01). "Businesses Take Flight, With Help From NASA". New York Times. p. D1. Archived from the original on 2014-01-06. Retrieved 2012-08-29.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  18. Wade, Mark (2014). "Dream Chaser". Encyclopedia Astronautix. Archived from the original on 2014-01-06. Retrieved 2012-08-29.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  19. Sirangelo, Mark (August 2011). "NewSpace 2011: Sierra Nevada Corporation". Spacevidcast. Retrieved 2011-08-16.Sirangelo, Mark (24 August 2014). "Flight Plans and Crews for Commercial Dream Chaser's First Flights: One-on-One Interview With SNC VP Mark Sirangelo (Part 3)". AmericaSpace.
  20. "Falcon 9". SpaceX. Archived from the original on 15 July 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
  21. "SpaceX Brochure – 2008" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 9 December 2010.
  22. "Making Life Multiplanetary" (PDF). SpaceX. 2017-10-18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-11-19. Retrieved 2017-11-19.
  23. https://www.pdas.co.jp/en/business01.html
  24. https://www.pdas.co.jp/en/dev_plan.html
  25. Haas2b specifications ARCA
  26. Haas2c specifications ARCA
  27. Super haas Specifications Archived 2014-10-09 at the Wayback Machine ARCA
  28. "AUSROC Nano | Australian Space Research Institute". www.asri.org.au. Retrieved 2018-02-20.
  29. "SKY7 spots stealthy space startup Testing its rocket in Alameda". 16 February 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  30. "Astra Space preparing for suborbital test launch". SpaceNews. Retrieved 2018-04-28.
  31. "Super Cali upstart's new rocket test approaches, even though the size of it won't launch a Tesla motor". The Register. Retrieved 2018-04-28.
  32. https://www.space.com/42657-astra-space-suborbital-launch-fails-november-2018.html
  33. "A Closer Look at Astra Space". Parabolic Arc. Retrieved 2018-04-28.
  34. "SALVO Cubesat Rocket Debuts Stealth Launch Vehicle Era". AmericaSpace. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  35. "Ventions, LLC to launch liquid-fueled rocket from Wallops this week". NewSpace Watch. 2012-11-05. Retrieved 2012-11-06.
  36. Pike, John. "Airborne Launch Assist Space Access (ALASA)". www.globalsecurity.org.
  37. "Blue Origin Announces Big 'New Glenn' Rocket for Satellite & Crew Launches". Space.com. Retrieved 2016-10-14.
  38. Henry, Caleb (12 September 2017). "Blue Origin enlarges New Glenn's payload fairing, preparing to debut upgraded New Shepard". SpaceNews. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  39. "Canadian Arrow". www.astronautix.com.
  40. "Edison Effect | Aerospace". edisoneffect.tech. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  41. Vázquez, Nelly Acosta (17 May 2017). "Datiotec, los mexicanos que van en busca del espacio perdido". Archived from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2018 – via Huff Post.
  42. Foust, Jeff (23 March 2018). "Exos Aerospace prepares for first suborbital launch". Space New.
  43. "Stig-B / SARGE". space.skyrocket.de.
  44. General Astronautics Urania 2001-02-01
  45. "Firefly Space Systems Adds General Astronautics as Strategic Partner – Parabolic Arc". www.parabolicarc.com.
  46. "Gilmour Space Tech - Small Launch Vehicles - Australia, Singapore". Rocket company in Australia - Singapore - Gilmour Space Technologies.
  47. Tyler, Roxy. "First-of-its-kind hypersonic flight booster tested at Cecil..." www.news4jax.com.
  48. "X-60A". Retrieved 4 January 2020.
  49. "LAUNCH SERVICES". Independence-X Aerospace.
  50. "ABOUT US". Independence-X Aerospace.
  51. Interorbital Systems Neptune Archived 2009-01-08 at the Wayback Machine Interorbital Systems
  52. "Neptune". space.skyrocket.de.
  53. "Japanese company preparing for country's first private rocket launch". Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  54. Krishna, Swapna (31 July 2017). "Japan's first private rocket launch is a partial success". engadget.com.
  55. "Leaf Space Primo". Retrieved 2018-02-06.
  56. "Leaf Space Building 20 Ground Station Network for SmallSat Market - Via Satellite -". 16 December 2015.
  57. "Pioneers of Private Astronautics in Russia: Lin Industrial — The Dialogue". The Dialogue. 2016-04-05. Retrieved 2016-10-16.
  58. "Лин Индастриал - Сверхлегкая ракета "Таймыр"". spacelin.ru.
  59. "X-33/VentureStar – What really happened - NASASpaceFlight.com". www.nasaspaceflight.com. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  60. "Mishaal Aerospace". www.mishaalaerospace.com. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  61. "MISHAAL Aerospace Receives Letter of Intent for Launch – Parabolic Arc". Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  63. "Mishaal Aerospace". www.mishaalaerospace.com.
  64. "Mishaal Aerospace". www.mishaalaerospace.com.
  65. China's private space sector has achieved liftoff. Michelle Toh and Serenitie Wang , CNN News. 17 May 2018.
  66. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-05-14. Retrieved 2018-05-19.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  67. "OS-M2 - OneSpace 零壹空间". www.onespacechina.com.
  68. "OS-M4 - OneSpace 零壹空间". www.onespacechina.com.
  69. https://spacenews.com/orbex-stakes-claim-to-european-smallsat-launch-market/
  70. "Orbital ATK". www.orbital.com. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  71. "Taurus". archive.org. 22 Nov 2013. Archived from the original on November 22, 2013. Retrieved 23 Sep 2014.
  72. Clark, Stephen (24 February 2014). "Taurus rocket on the market with new name, upgrades". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 22 Sep 2014.
  73. "Minotaur C". orbital.com. Retrieved 23 Sep 2014.
  74. "OTRAG". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  75. "South Korean rocket startup to launch from South Australia". September 30, 2019.
  76. "Backed by Samsung, South Korean startup Perigee aims for 2020 maiden launch". October 23, 2019.
  77. Giménez, Jorge (March 16, 2015). "PLD Space fabricará los primeros motores de combustible líquido de España". Defensa Global y Avances en el Desarrollo Argentino (in Spanish).
  78. "PLD Space". www.pldspace.com. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  79. "PLD Space raises additional $10 million for reusable smallsat launchers - SpaceNews.com". 11 June 2018.
  80. https://www.spaceintelreport.com/small-launcher-startup-pld-space-says-engine-test-anomalies-will-delay-inaugural-suborbital-flight-test/. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  81. Eric Berger (March 21, 2018). "Relativity Space reveals its ambitions with big NASA deal". Ars Technica. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
  82. "Intrepid-1 – Rocket Crafters Inc". rocketcrafters.space. Archived from the original on 2018-07-19. Retrieved 2018-02-06.
  83. "Rocket Crafters granted new patent for 3D printed rocket fuel".
  84. "NZ's first space launch saved by $6 replacement part". The New Zealand Herald. 30 November 2009. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
  85. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-10-11. Retrieved 2009-11-30.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  86. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-09-11. Retrieved 2018-07-27.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  87. "Electron • Rocket Lab". www.rocketlabusa.com. Archived from the original on 2015-04-17. Retrieved 2015-06-06.
  88. https://www.popularmechanics.com/space/rockets/a18245/rocketstar-space-single-stage-to-orbit/
  89. www.ETtech.com. "With a simpler rocket, Skyroot Aerospace aims to hurl small satellites into space - ETtech". ETtech.com. Retrieved 2019-07-09.
  90. "Space technologies - Skyrora - SKYRORA 1". Space technologies - Skyrora.
  91. Speed, Richard (22 August 2019). "Brit rocketeer Skyrora reckons it'll be orbital in 3 years – that is, if UK government plays ball". The Register. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
  92. "UK-Ukrainian launch vehicle developer Skyrora to establish smallsat launch site - SpaceNews.com". 1 February 2018.
  93. "Space technologies - Skyrora - SKYRORA XL". Space technologies - Skyrora.
  94. "Skyrora announces new engine test plant in Scotland". Industry Analysis. 18 October 2019. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
  95. "UK-Ukrainian satellite launch vehicle developer Skyrora to test its first rocket in 2018 -". 8 February 2018.
  96. "SIR - Suborbital Inexpensive Rocket Project - SpaceForest".
  97. "Testing experiments on research rockets - SpaceForest".
  98. "SpaceForest - Rocket engine, diagram, design, tests".
  99. "Demonstrator rocket - SpaceForest".
  100. "Perun demonstrator". YouTube. Retrieved 2020-02-16.
  101. "Perun". SpaceForest. Retrieved 2020-02-16.
  102. "SpaceForest receives financing for the SIR rocket". Kosmonauta.net. 2018-01-07. Retrieved 2018-08-02.
  103. "TSE - Conestoga". www.tbs-satellite.com. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  104. "SpaceLS – Space Launch Services – Low cost space launch services". www.spacels.com. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  105. "SpaceLS develops commercial rocket to launch small satellites - The Engineer The Engineer". www.theengineer.co.uk. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  106. Space Exploration Technologies Corporation – Falcon 1 Archived 2010-09-14 at WebCite
  107. Space Exploration Technologies Corporation – Press Archived 2013-03-26 at the Wayback Machine
  108. spacexcmsadmin (15 November 2012). "Falcon 9". Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  109. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-05-01. Retrieved 2016-08-30.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  110. Space Exploration Technologies Corporation – Falcon 9 Archived 2011-12-01 at WebCite
  111. Musk, Elon (21 January 2017). "Yes. Block 5 is the final upgrade of the Falcon architecture. Significantly improves performance & ease of reusability. Flies end of year". Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  112. spacexcmsadmin (15 November 2012). "Falcon Heavy". Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  113. "Falcon Heavy enabler for Dragon solar system explorer - NASASpaceFlight.com". www.nasaspaceflight.com. 2015-05-11. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  114. "UNITED STATES COMMERCIAL LAUNCH MANIFEST (28 Oct 2019)".
  115. Elon Musk (29 September 2017). Becoming a Multiplanet Species (video). 68th annual meeting of the International Astronautical Congress in Adelaide, Australia: SpaceX. Retrieved 2017-12-14 – via YouTube.CS1 maint: location (link)
  116. Kyle, Ed. "Atlas 5 Data Sheet". www.spacelaunchreport.com. Retrieved 2016-10-14.
  117. Kyle, Ed. "Delta II Data Sheet". www.spacelaunchreport.com. Retrieved 2016-10-14.
  118. Kyle, Ed. "Delta IV Data Sheet". www.spacelaunchreport.com. Retrieved 2016-10-14.
  119. "Delta IV Heavy – Rockets". spaceflight101.com. Retrieved 2016-10-14.
  120. Ray, Justin. "ULA unveils its future with the Vulcan rocket family – Spaceflight Now". Retrieved 2016-10-14.
  121. "Virgin Orbit plans 2018 first launch". 2 August 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  122. Reyes, Tim (October 17, 2014). "Balloon launcher Zero2Infinity Sets Its Sights to the Stars". Universe Today. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
  123. "- Google Lunar XPRIZE". Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  124. Astrobotic reveals moon mission plans msnbc.msn.com
  125. "About Lunar CATALYST". www.nasa.gov. NASA. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
  126. "Peregrine Lander | Astrobotic". www.astrobotic.com. Retrieved 2017-03-23.
  127. "- Google Lunar XPRIZE". Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  128. Lindsey, Clark (2013-01-03). "Golden Spike contracts Northrop Grumman for lunar lander design". NewSpace Watch. Retrieved 2013-01-04.
  129. "HAKUTO - Google Lunar XPRIZE". Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  130. "HAKUTO - 日本発の月面探査チーム on Twitter".
  131. "HISTORY". ispace technologies, inc. July 20, 2015. Retrieved 2015-08-20.
  132. "- Google Lunar XPRIZE". Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  133. "Lunar Missions_1". www.interorbital.com. Archived from the original on 2016-07-06. Retrieved 2016-06-27.
  134. Universal Reentry Vehicle. Intuitive Machines. Accessed on 1 December 2018.
  135. Houston company among 9 tapped to build moon landers. Alex Stuckey, The Houston Chronicle. 30 November 2018.
  136. "Lunar Mission One: A New Lunar Mission for Everyone". British Interplanetary Society. 19 November 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
  137. "XL-1". Masten Space Systems. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
  138. Herridge, Linda (3 March 2015). "Moon Express Testing Compact Lunar Lander at Kennedy Space Center". Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  139. "- Google Lunar XPRIZE". Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  140. "- Google Lunar XPRIZE". Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  141. OrbitBeyond Teams with Team Indus, Honeybee Robotics for NASA Lunar Program. Doug Messier, Parabolic Arc. 29 November 2018.
  142. OrbitBeyond, Inc. Press Release Archived 2018-11-14 at the Wayback Machine. 12 November 2018.
  143. "Lunar Rover – PTScientists".
  144. "ALINA – PTScientists".
  145. "Team Puli - Google Lunar XPRIZE". Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  146. "- Google Lunar XPRIZE". Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  147. "- Google Lunar XPRIZE". Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  148. BBC News: Moon opens for business
  149. "Spacebit — The New Economics of Space". spacebit.com. Retrieved 2020-01-28.
  150. "- Google Lunar XPRIZE". Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  151. "- Google Lunar XPRIZE". Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  152. Advantages of using White Fuming Nitric Acid (WFNA) as an oXidizer in rockets [lunarlander.spaceracenews.com]
  153. Jones, Andrew (23 April 2020). "Chinese space resource utilization firm Origin Space signs deal for space telescope". SpaceNews. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  154. Klotz, Irene (2011-09-27). "A rocket that lifts off — and lands — on launch pad". MSNBC. Retrieved 2011-11-23.
  155. Rhian, Jason (2014-08-22). "SpaceX F9R explodes in the skies above Texas in recent test flight". www.spaceflightinsider.com. Retrieved 2014-10-21.
  156. Private rocket launches ashes of Star Trek's Scotty, astronaut to suborbital space [www.space.com]
  157. "World View- Research and Education Mission". Archived from the original on 23 July 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  158. López-Urdiales, José Mariano (March 12, 2014). "NEAr-Space high-altitude balloons: the alternative for space tourism and science" (PDF). European Space Astronomy Centre, Madrid (Spain). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 July 2015. Retrieved 9 July 2015. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  159. "TILE". Accion Systems — A New Ion Engine. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  160. "Smallsats need small propulsion. Boston startup Accion has a few big ideas. - SpaceNews.com". 8 August 2017.
  161. Fast and Robust Human Missions to Mars with Advanced Nuclear Electric Power and VASIMR® Propulsion 2013
  162. Chadenedes, Mark de; Ahern, Drew; Cho, Jin-Hoon; Park, Sung-Jin; Eden, J.; Burton, Rodney; Yoon, Je Kwon; Garrett, Stephen; Sitaraman, Hariswaran; Raja, Laxminarayan; Laystrom-Woodard, Julia; Carroll, David; Benavides, Gabriel. 46th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. doi:10.2514/6.2010-6616.
  163. "CU Aerospace - Small-Satellite Propulsion Unit for CubeSats (PUC)". www.cuaerospace.com.
  164. "NASA Selects Green Propulsion Projects for SBIR Phase II Awards – Parabolic Arc". www.parabolicarc.com.
  165. Laystrom, Julia; Burton, Rodney; Benavides, Gabriel (2003). "Geometric Optimization of a Coaxial Pulsed Plasma Thruster". 39th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. doi:10.2514/6.2003-5025. ISBN 978-1-62410-098-7.
  166. "NASA TechPort". techport.nasa.gov.
  167. https://spacenews.com/exoterra-investment/
  168. "The SABRE Engine". Archived from the original on 2007-02-22. Retrieved 2010-08-10.
  169. Jefferson Morris - Aerospace Daily (2003-09-23). "SpaceDev chosen to provide hybrid rocket for SpaceShipOne | AWIN content from". Aviation Week. Retrieved 2018-07-20.
  170. Clark, Stephen (2008-09-28). "Sweet success at last for Falcon 1 rocket". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 2011-01-27.
  171. Whitesides, Loretta Hidalgo (2007-11-12). "SpaceX Completes Development of Rocket Engine for Falcon 1 and 9". Wired. Wired Science. Retrieved 2011-01-27.
  172. Foust, Jeff (2017-10-21). "Air Force adds more than $40 million to SpaceX engine contract". Space News. Retrieved 2018-02-25.
  173. LTD., MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES. "三菱重工｜株式基本情報". mhi.co.jp. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  174. "Program". Shackleton Energy Company.
  175. "Made In Space". Made In Space.
  176. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-01-29. Retrieved 2018-01-29.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  177. "Xplorer - Deep Space Industries".
  178. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-02-01. Retrieved 2018-01-29.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  179. The Japanese Space Bots That Could Build Moon Valley. Sarah Scoles, Wired. 14 May 2018.
  180. ispace Home site. Accessed: 11 September 2018.
  181. "Scalable Robotic Spacecraft Capable Of Reaching The Moon".
  182. "Technology". Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  183. "Probes to mine asteroids and making a space habitat".
  184. "Axiom Space | Axiom Station".
  185. "Former NASA ISS manager planning commercial space station venture - SpaceNews.com". SpaceNews.com. 2016-06-23. Retrieved 2016-10-14.
  186. Kolodny, Lora (14 November 2017). "29 start-ups that prove Silicon Valley innovation isn't dead".
  187. "Genesis I Specs". Bigelow Aerospace. Archived from the original on 24 October 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2014.
  188. "We hoped to receive 6 months..." Twitter.com. Bigelow Aerospace. 9 January 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
  189. "Genesis I". Bigelow Aerospace. Archived from the original on 14 August 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2014.
  190. "Genesis 2 Specs". Bigelow Aerospace. Archived from the original on 15 August 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2014.
  191. "Genesis II". Bigelow Aerospace. Archived from the original on 14 August 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2014.
  192. Developing a galaxy – WebCite query result
  193. Knapp, George (2007-08-17). "I-Team: Bigelow Aerospace Makes Giant Leap Towards Commercial Space Travel". Las Vegas Now. Archived from the original on 2009-05-09. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  194. "Bigelow Aerospace Expediting BA 330 Development". BigelowAerospace.com. July 2011. Retrieved November 14, 2011.
  195. "Bigelow Aerospace lays off entire workforce". SpaceNews. 23 March 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  196. "The Five-Billion-Star Hotel".
  197. Mahoney, Erin (9 August 2016). "NextSTEP Partners Develop Deep Space Habitat Ground Prototypes".
  198. Madden, Duncan. "Mankind's First Space Hotel Is Coming In 2021 - Probably".
  199. Simberg, Rand (October 28, 2010). "Bigelow Aerospace Shows Off Bigger, Badder Space Real Estate". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved December 11, 2010.
  200. "Spaceflight Now - Breaking News - Beating swords into plough shares with Soviet Almaz". www.spaceflightnow.com. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  201. "Excalibur Almaz to Pioneer Private Orbital Manned Space Flight In cooperation with NPOM of Russia - OnOrbit". Archived from the original on 18 April 2012. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  202. "Shooting for the Moon: Time is called on Isle of Man space race".
  203. Staff (2007-08-10). "Spanish venture aims to build space hotel". NBC News. Retrieved 2009-03-04.
  204. O'Hare, Maureen (April 6, 2018). "First luxury hotel in space announced". CNN. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  205. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-04-08. Retrieved 2018-04-08.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  206. "Inside Sierra Nevada's Inflatable Space Habitat for Astronauts in Lunar Orbit (Photos)".
  207. SpaceX (2017-09-29), Making Life Multiplanetary, retrieved 2017-10-29
  208. "Musk unveils revised version of giant interplanetary launch system - SpaceNews.com". SpaceNews.com. 2017-09-29. Retrieved 2017-10-29.
  209. Richardson, Derek (2016-09-27). "Elon Musk Shows Off Interplanetary Transport System". Spaceflight Insider. Retrieved 2016-10-03.
  210. "Roadmap - Mission - Mars One". Mars One. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  211. "Mars One, the Plan to Make a Reality Show on Mars, is Bankrupt". Universe Today. 2019-02-14.
  212. https://alen.space/
  213. Uesaka, Yoshifumi (June 10, 2015). "'Good enough' is best for satellite startup Axelspace". Nikkei Asian Review. Retrieved 2017-07-23.
  214. "Axelspace". Axelspace. Retrieved 2018-07-20.
  215. Craig Technologies
  216. ISIS - General Information. Accessed: 18 October 2018.
  217. Biggs, John (2013-08-14). "Made In Space, Makers Of The Only 3D Printer In Orbit, Answer Some Pressing Questions About Manufacturing And Yoda". TechCrunch. Retrieved 2013-09-25.
  218. "NASA – NanoRacks Platforms". www.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2016-10-14.
  219. Boyle, Alan (30 January 2020). "Xplore partners with Nanoracks to set up opportunities for deep-space missions". Yahoo Finance. Retrieved 11 February 2020.
  220. "Jim Benson, RIP « NewSpace Journal". www.newspacejournal.com.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.