List of human spaceflights, 1991–2000
This is a detailed list of human spaceflights from 1991 to 2000, including the continuation of Russian space station Mir and the American Space Shuttle program, and the first flights to the International Space Station (ISS).
The Soviet Union broke up at the end of 1991. From this date onwards the former USSR constituent republics are shown as separate nationalities.
# | Crew | Launch spacecraft |
Habitation | Return spacecraft |
Brief mission summary | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
141 | 5 April 1991 |
11 April 1991 |
Deployment of Compton Gamma Ray Observatory. | |||
142 | 28 April 1991 |
6 May 1991 |
U.S. Department of Defense mission. Part-classified payload, including various science experiments and observations. | |||
143 | 18 May 1991 |
Mir | 26 May 1991 |
Mir crew rotation. Life science experiments. First Briton in space (Sharman). First European woman in space (Sharman). | ||
10 October 1991 | ||||||
25 March 1992 | ||||||
144 | 5 June 1991 |
14 June 1991 |
Spacelab life sciences mission, studying humans, rodents and jellyfish. | |||
145 | 2 August 1991 |
11 August 1991 |
Deployment of Tracking and Data Relay Satellite-5. | |||
146 | 12 September 1991 |
18 September 1991 |
Deployment of Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). | |||
147 | 2 October 1991 |
Mir | 10 October 1991 |
Mir crew rotation. First Kazakh in space (Aubakirov). First Austrian in space (Viehböck). | ||
25 March 1992 | ||||||
148 | 24 November 1991 |
1 December 1991 |
U.S. Department of Defense mission. Deployment of Defense Support Program (DSP) satellite. | |||
149 | 22 January 1992 |
30 January 1992 |
International Microgravity Laboratory-1 (IML-1). Life sciences and materials processing experiments. First Canadian woman in space (Bondar). | |||
150 | 17 March 1992 |
Mir | 25 March 1992 |
First Soyuz mission since the collapse of the USSR. | ||
10 August 1992 | ||||||
151 | 24 March 1992 |
2 April 1992 |
Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS-1): international experiments in atmospheric and astronomical research. First Belgian in space (Frimout). | |||
152 | 7 May 1992 |
16 May 1992 |
Retrieval and redeployment of INTELSAT VI (F-3) satellite. Demonstration of maintenance and assembly capabilities for Space Station Freedom. | |||
153 | 25 June 1992 |
9 July 1992 |
United States Microgravity Laboratory-I (USML-1): various microgravity experiments. | |||
154 | 27 July 1992 |
Mir | 10 August 1992 |
Mir crew rotation. | ||
1 February 1993 | ||||||
155 | 31 July 1992 |
8 August 1992 |
Deployment of ESA's EURECA (European Retrievable Carrier). Deployment of joint NASA/Italian Space Agency Tethered Satellite System (TSS) (failed). First Swiss in space (Nicollier). First Italian in space (Malerba). | |||
156 | 12 September 1992 |
20 September 1992 |
50th Space Shuttle mission. Joint NASA and NASDA mission. Conducted microgravity investigations in materials and life sciences. First African-American woman in space (Jemison). | |||
157 | 22 October 1992 |
1 November 1992 |
Deployment of Laser Geodynamic Satellite II (LAGEOS-II). US Microgravity Payload-1 (USMP-1): physics experiments. | |||
158 | 2 December 1992 |
9 December 1992 |
Classified US Department of Defense primary payload, reportedly a reconnaissance satellite. Miscellaneous unclassified science experiments. | |||
159 | 13 January 1993 |
19 January 1993 |
Deployment of fifth Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS-F). Diffuse X-ray Spectrometer (DXS) and microgravity experiments. | |||
160 | 24 January 1993 |
Mir | 22 July 1993 |
Docking system tests. | ||
161 | 8 April 1993 |
17 April 1993 |
Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science-2 (ATLAS-2). Atmospheric and solar science research. | |||
162 | 26 April 1993 |
6 May 1993 |
German-sponsored Spacelab flight: miscellaneous science experiments. | |||
163 | 21 June 1993 |
1 July 1993 |
First SPACEHAB flight: biomedical and materials sciences experiments. Retrieval of ESA's EURECA (European Retrievable Carrier). | |||
164 | 1 July 1993 |
Mir | 22 July 1993 |
Mir crew rotation. | ||
13 January 1994 | ||||||
165 | 12 September 1993 |
22 September 1993 |
Deployment of Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS). Ultraviolet astronomical observations. | |||
166 | 18 October 1993 |
1 November 1993 |
Spacelab life sciences mission. | |||
167 | 2 December 1993 |
13 December 1993 |
First Hubble Space Telescope repair servicing mission. | |||
168 | 8 January 1994 |
Mir | 9 July 1994 |
Mir crew rotation. | ||
22 March 1995 | ||||||
169 | 3 February 1994 |
11 February 1994 |
SPACEHAB-2: materials science and life sciences investigations. Wake Shield Facility-1 deployment. Medical and radiological investigations. First Russian to fly aboard the Space Shuttle (Krikalev). | |||
170 | 4 March 1994 |
18 March 1994 |
Miscellaneous scientific experiments. | |||
171 | 9 April 1994 |
20 April 1994 |
Radar mapping of Earth and atmospheric research. | |||
172 | 3 July 1994 |
Mir | 4 November 1994 |
Medical and materials science experiments. Mir repairs. | ||
173 | 8 July 1994 |
23 July 1994 |
International Microgravity Laboratory-2: miscellaneous microgravity experiments. First Japanese woman in space (Naito-Mukai). | |||
174 | 9 September 1994 |
20 September 1994 |
Atmospheric and solar observations. | |||
175 | 30 September 1994 |
11 October 1994 |
Radar imaging of Earth. | |||
176 | 4 October 1994 |
Mir | 4 November 1994 |
Mir crew rotation. | ||
22 March 1995 | ||||||
177 | 3 November 1994 |
14 November 1994 |
Atmospheric research. | |||
178 | 3 February 1995 |
11 February 1995 |
Rendezvous maneuver with Mir. First female pilot (Collins). SPACEHAB-3: miscellaneous science experiments. First EVA by an African-American astronaut (Harris). | |||
179 | 2 March 1995 |
18 March 1995 |
Ultraviolet astronomy studies. | |||
180 | 14 March 1995 |
Mir | 7 July 1995 |
First American to visit Mir (Thagard). | ||
181 | 27 June 1995 |
Mir | 7 July 1995 |
First Shuttle-Mir docking. Biomedical experiments. Mir crew rotation and resupply. | ||
11 September 1995 | ||||||
182 | 13 July 1995 |
22 July 1995 |
Deployment of 7th Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS). Biological and biomedical studies. | |||
183 | 3 September 1995 |
Mir | 29 February 1996 |
Mir crew rotation. First EVA by a German cosmonaut (Reiter). | ||
184 | 7 September 1995 |
18 September 1995 |
Solar observations. Wake Shield Facility-2 deployment. | |||
185 | 20 October 1995 |
5 November 1995 |
Microgravity experiments. | |||
186 | 12 November 1995 |
Mir | 20 November 1995 |
Second Shuttle-Mir docking. Delivery of Russian docking module and solar arrays. | ||
187 | 11 January 1996 |
20 January 1996 |
Capture and return to Earth of Space Flyer Unit (Japanese microgravity research spacecraft). | |||
188 | 21 February 1996 |
Mir | 2 September 1996 |
|||
189 | 22 February 1996 |
9 March 1996 |
Deployment of Tethered Satellite System (TSS-1R) (reflight, partial success). Microgravity research. | |||
190 | 22 March 1996 |
Mir | 31 March 1996 |
Mir crew rotation and resupply. First American woman on Mir (Lucid). | ||
26 September 1996 | ||||||
191 | 19 May 1996 |
29 May 1996 |
SPACEHAB-4: miscellaneous science experiments. Deployment of Spartan-207/IAE (Inflatable Antenna Experiment) satellite. Rendezvous with experimental satellite. | |||
192 | 20 June 1996 |
7 July 1996 |
Microgravity, human physiology and life sciences research. | |||
193 | 18 August 1996 |
Mir | 2 September 1996 |
Mir crew rotation. Biological and medical experiments. First Frenchwoman in space (Andre-Deshays). | ||
2 March 1997 | ||||||
194 | 16 September 1996 |
Mir | 26 September 1996 |
Mir crew rotation and resupply. Miscellaneous scientific experiments. | ||
22 January 1997 | ||||||
195 | 19 November 1996 |
7 December 1996 |
Deployment and retrieval of Wake Shield Facility and German-built Orbiting and Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrograph-Shuttle Pallet Satellite II (ORFEUS-SPAS II). | |||
196 | 12 January 1997 |
Mir | 22 January 1997 |
Mir crew rotation and resupply. | ||
24 May 1997 | ||||||
197 | 10 February 1997 |
Mir | 2 March 1997 |
Mir crew rotation and resupply. | ||
14 August 1997 | ||||||
198 | 11 February 1997 |
21 February 1997 |
Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission. | |||
199 | 4 April 1997 |
8 April 1997 |
Microgravity experiments. Mission cut short due to fuel cell problems. | |||
200 | 15 May 1997 |
Mir | 24 May 1997 |
Mir crew rotation and resupply. First joint US-Russian space walk. | ||
6 October 1997 | ||||||
201 | 1 July 1997 |
17 July 1997 |
Microgravity experiments. Reflight of curtailed STS-83 mission. | |||
202 | 6 August 1997 |
Mir | 19 February 1998 |
Mir repair. | ||
203 | 7 August 1997 |
19 August 1997 |
Atmospheric research. | |||
204 | 25 September 1997 |
Mir | 6 October 1997 |
Mir crew rotation and resupply. | ||
31 January 1998 | ||||||
205 | 19 November 1997 |
5 December 1997 |
Miscellaneous scientific experiments. First Japanese EVA (Doi). First Ukrainian in space (Kadenyuk). | |||
206 | 22 January 1998 |
Mir | 31 January 1998 |
Mir crew rotation and resupply. | ||
12 June 1998 | ||||||
207 | 29 January 1998 |
Mir | 19 February 1998 |
Mir crew rotation. | ||
25 August 1998 | ||||||
208 | 17 April 1998 |
3 May 1998 |
Neuroscience research. Final Spacelab mission. | |||
209 | 2 June 1998 |
Mir | 12 June 1998 |
Final Shuttle-Mir docking. Mir crew rotation and resupply. Astrophysics research. | ||
210 | 15 August 1998 |
Mir | 25 August 1998 |
Mir crew rotation. | ||
28 February 1999 | ||||||
28 August 1999 | ||||||
211 | 29 October 1998 |
7 November 1998 |
Miscellaneous scientific experiments. First Spaniard in space (Duque). Veteran John Glenn returned to space aged 77. | |||
212 | 4 December 1998 |
ISS | 15 December 1998 |
First ISS construction mission. Delivery of Unity Node Module. | ||
213 | 20 February 1999 |
Mir | 28 February 1999 |
Mir crew rotation. First Slovak in space (Bella). | ||
28 August 1999 | ||||||
214 | 27 May 1999 |
ISS | 6 June 1999 |
Second ISS flight. ISS assembly and resupply. | ||
215 | 23 July 1999 |
27 July 1999 |
Deployment of Chandra X-ray Observatory. First female Shuttle Commander (Collins). | |||
216 | 19 December 1999 |
27 December 1999 |
Hubble Space Telescope servicing. | |||
217 | 11 February 2000 |
22 February 2000 |
Radar topographic mapping of Earth's surface. | |||
218 | 4 April 2000 |
Mir | 16 June 2000 |
Mir repairs. 39th and final Mir mission. | ||
219 | 19 May 2000 |
ISS | 29 May 2000 |
ISS construction and supply. | ||
220 | 8 September 2000 |
ISS | 19 September 2000 |
ISS supply. Preparation for first long-term crew. | ||
221 | 11 October 2000 |
ISS | 24 October 2000 |
ISS construction and outfitting. 100th Space Shuttle mission. | ||
222 | 31 October 2000 |
ISS (crew 1) |
21 March 2001 |
First ISS Expedition Crew. | ||
223 | 30 November 2000 |
ISS | 11 December 2000 |
ISS construction and supply. Delivery of the first set of solar arrays and batteries. |
See also
References
- Vostok and Voskhod flight history
- Mercury flight history
- X-15 flight history (altitudes given in feet)
- Gemini flight history
- Apollo flight history (student resource)
- Skylab flight history
- Apollo-Soyuz flight history
- Space Shuttle flight history infographic
- Shenzhou flight history timeline
- SpaceShipOne flight history
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