List of prisons in the United Kingdom
List of prisons in the United Kingdom is a list of all 150 current and a number of historical prisons in England and Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland.
Prisons, Prison Services, Prison Population and Prisoner Categories
England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland
Public Sector prisons in England and Wales are managed by Her Majesty's Prison Service (HMPS), which is part of the Her Majesty's Prison and Probation Service, an executive agency of the United Kingdom government.[1] In addition, since the 1990s the day-to-day running of a number of previously existing prisons, as well as several new facilities, has been "contracted out" to private companies, such as Serco and G4S.[2] All prisons in England and Wales, whether publicly or privately run, are inspected by Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Prisons.[2][3] Prisons in Scotland are run by the Scottish Prison Service and prisons in Northern Ireland are run by the Northern Ireland Prison Service.
There are also "Immigration Removal Centres" run by the Home Office.
The following table lists all prisons and Young Offender Institutions in use in England and Wales as of the late 2010s. All house adult males, and are operated by Her Majesty's Prison Service unless noted otherwise. Adult offenders are persons aged 21 or over, Young Offenders are persons aged between 18–20, and Youth/Juvenile Offenders are persons aged between 10–17. However, some offenders aged between 15–17 are placed in Young Offender Institutions in certain cases due to capacity, risk and other factors.
Population
As of 2018, the total prison population of the UK (England & Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland combined) stands at roughly 93,000, with a total prison capacity of around 96,000.[4] The total UK prison population is expected to grow by at least 500–1,000 prisoners every year into the 2020s.[5][6][7]
United Kingdom Prisoner Categories and Establishment Types
In the UK adult prisoners are divided into 4 security categories depending on certain factors such as the offences they have been convicted or accused of, their likelihood of attempting an escape, the threat they would pose if they escaped, their length of sentence, and any of their previous criminal convictions, if any. They are as follows,
Category A - 'Those whose escape would be highly dangerous to the public or national security'. Typically for example those convicted of offences such as murder, manslaughter, terrorism, rape, wounding with intent (GBH), robbery, serious firearm and explosives offences, offences against the state, those sentenced under the Official Secrets Act, or any attempts of those offences. There are a total of ten Category A prisons in the UK, eight are located in England and Wales, one in Scotland and one in Northern Ireland. HM Prison Belmarsh is an example of a Category A prison. They are the equivalent of a supermax/maximum security prison in the United States for example.
Category B - 'Those who do not require maximum security, but for whom escape still needs to be made very difficult'. Typically for those convicted of the same types offences as category A prisoners, but who are not judged to be as high risk or those who have served a long time as a category A prisoner with good behavior/rehabilitation are sometimes downgraded to category B. HM Prison Wormwood Scrubs is an example of a Category B prison. They are the equivalent of a medium security prison in the United States for example.
Category C - 'Those who cannot be trusted in open conditions but who are unlikely to try to escape'. Typically for those convicted of minor offences and who are serving shorter sentences no more than a few years in length. Also category B prisoners coming to the end of their sentence are sometimes downgraded to category C to prepare them for release. HM Prison Berwyn is an example of a Category C prison. They are the equivalent of a minimum security prison in the United States for example.
Category D - 'Those who can be reasonably trusted not to try to escape, and are given the privilege of an open prison'. Category D prisoners are held in "Open Prisons" in which they are trusted to be able to move freely around the prison without risk and who after completing a risk assessment may be allowed to work outside of the prison in the community or allowed short home visits for a set number of hours a week. Also category C prisoners coming to the end of their sentence are sometimes downgraded to category D to prepare them for release. HM Prison Ford is an example of a Category D prison. They are the equivalent of a minimum security work release prison or local jail in the United States for example.
Adult women in England and Wales are categorised with four types of security levels, from lowest to highest being Open, Closed, Restricted Status and Category A. However Category A for women is rarely used due to the fairly low number of women being held for such serious offences, meaning most are held either in Closed or Restricted Status conditions. Northern Ireland operates a similar system to England and Wales. Scotland operates a separate category system, from lowest to highest being Low, Medium and High Supervision (High Supervision being similar to Category A for adults in England, Wales and Northern Ireland).
Additionally where as adult men and women are held in dedicated prisons, young people and children are held in one of four types of establishments across the country that are run by either HM prison service, private companies (such as G4S or Serco), local council authorities and rarely some charity providers. They are,
Young Offender Institutions (YOIs) which are "prison" based and that hold young men and women aged 18–21 convicted or remanded for any offences.
Youth Offender Institutions (YOs) which are "prison" based and very similar to YOIs but that the difference being they only hold younger males aged 15–17 and not females.
Secure Training Centres (STCs) which focus more on things such as education, health and support rather than prison style punishment. They hold convicted males and females aged 12–17.
Secure Children's Homes (SCHs) which are similar to STC's in that they mainly focus on things like education, health and support rather than prison style punishment. Additionally though not all children held in SCHs have necessarily been convicted or accused of crimes, some are held due to things like their history of absconding from regular open care homes or those at high risk of vulnerability from things such as abuse, drugs and prostitution. They hold "at risk" males and females aged 10–17 and all young children aged 10–12 convicted of serious offences until they can be placed in a STC.
More can be found here: Prisoner security categories in the United Kingdom.
Prisons and Young Offender Institutions
Name | Location | County | Operator | Capacity | Notes | Category |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Altcourse | Liverpool | Merseyside | G4S[2] | 1324[8] | Male adults and young offenders[8] | B |
Ashfield | Pucklechurch | Gloucestershire | Serco[2] | 400[9] | Adult sex offenders | C |
Askham Grange | Askham Richard | North Yorkshire | 128[10] | Female adults and young offenders[10] | ||
Aylesbury | Aylesbury | Buckinghamshire | 443[11] | Young offenders[11] | HMYOI | |
Bedford | Bedford | Bedfordshire | 506[12] | Males adults and young offenders[13] | B | |
Belmarsh | Thamesmead | London | 910[14] | Belmarsh accepts a wide variety of categories of prisoners[15] | A | |
Berwyn | Wrexham | Wrexham County Borough | 2106[16] | Male adult. Largest prison in the UK. | C | |
Birmingham | Birmingham | West Midlands | 1450[17][18] | Previously known as Winson Green | B, C | |
Blantyre House | Goudhurst | Kent | 122[19] | Adult male resettlement prison[20] As of 2019 Blantyre House is currently closed and has been since 2015. In May 2019 it was confirmed that the prison will be decommissioned and land sold. | C, D | |
Brinsford | Featherstone | Staffordshire | 569[21] | Young offenders[21] | HMYOI | |
Bristol | Horfield | Bristol | 614[22] | Male adults and young offenders[22] | B | |
Brixton | Brixton | London | 798[23] | Training establishment | C (Training) | |
Bronzefield | Ashford | Surrey | Sodexo Justice Services[2] | 569[24] | Female adults and young offenders[24] | |
Buckley Hall | Rochdale | Greater Manchester | 381[25] | Male adults[26] | C | |
Bullingdon | Arncott | Oxfordshire | 1114[27] | Male adults[28] | B, C | |
Bure | Coltishall | Norfolk | 523[29] | Male adults, sex offenders[30] | C | |
Cardiff | Adamsdown | Cardiff | 784[31] | Male adults[32] | B | |
Channings Wood | Denbury | Devon | 731[33] | Specialises in delivering the Sex Offender Treatment Programme (SOTP).[34] | C | |
Chelmsford | Chelmsford | Essex | 695[35] | Male adults and young offenders[35] | B and HMYOI | |
Coldingley | Bisley | Surrey | 513[36] | Training prison[37] | C | |
Cookham Wood | Borstal | Kent | 157[38] | Young offenders[38] | HMYOI | |
Dartmoor | Princetown | Devon | 646[39] | Training prison[40] | C | |
Deerbolt | Startforth | County Durham | 453[41] | Young offenders[41] | HMYOI | |
Doncaster | Doncaster | South Yorkshire | Serco[2] | 1145[42] | Male adults, young offenders and sex offenders[43] | B |
Dovegate | Uttoxeter | Staffordshire | Serco[2] | 860[44] | Male adults training prison[45] | B |
Downview | Banstead | Surrey | 358[46] | Female adults and young offenders.[46] Closed in 2013 and reopened in 2016 after refurbishment[47] | ||
Drake Hall | Yarnfield | Staffordshire | 315[48] | Female adults and young offenders. Specializes in foreign nationals[48] | ||
Durham | Durham | County Durham | 981[49] | Male adults and young offenders on remand[50] | B | |
East Sutton Park | Sutton Valence | Kent | 100[51] | Female adults and young offenders[51] | ||
Eastwood Park | Falfield | Gloucestershire | 362[52] | Female adults[52] | ||
Erlestoke | Erlestoke | Wiltshire | 470[53] | Male adults[54] | C | |
Exeter | Exeter | Devon | 533[55] | Male adults and young offenders[55] | B | |
Featherstone | Featherstone | Staffordshire | 702[56] | Training establishment[57] | C | |
Feltham | Feltham | London | 762[58] | Young offenders[58] | HMYOI | |
Ford | Arundel | West Sussex | 557[59] | Male adults. Ford is described as Britain's "cushiest open prison"[60] | D | |
Forest Bank | Pendlebury | Greater Manchester | Sodexo Justice Services[2] | 1424[61] | Male adults and young offenders[61] | B |
Foston Hall | Foston, Derbyshire | Derbyshire | 290[62] | Female adults and young offenders[62] | ||
Frankland | Brasside | County Durham | 750[63] | Male adults including Category A High Risk and Category B adult males[64] | A | |
Full Sutton | Full Sutton | East Riding of Yorkshire | 608[65] | Male adults[66] | A | |
Garth | Ulnes Walton | Lancashire | 847[67] | Training establishment[68] | B | |
Gartree | Market Harborough | Leicestershire | 869[69] | B | ||
Grendon & Springhill | Grendon Underwood | Buckinghamshire | 235[70] | B | ||
Guys Marsh | Shaftesbury | Dorset | 578[71] | C | ||
Hatfield | Hatfield Woodhouse | South Yorkshire | 260[72] | Male adults and young offenders[72] | D | |
Haverigg | Haverigg | Cumbria | 644[73] | Male adults[74] | C | |
Hewell | Tardebigge | Worcestershire | 1431[75] | B, C, D | ||
High Down | Banstead | Surrey | 1208[76] | Male adults[77] | B | |
Highpoint North | Stradishall | Suffolk | 379[78] | Male adults. Previously known as Edmunds Hill. | C | |
Highpoint South | Stradishall | Suffolk | 944[79] | Male adults[80] | C | |
Hindley | Bickershaw | Greater Manchester | 440[81] | Young offenders[81] | HMYOI | |
Hollesley Bay | Woodbridge | Suffolk | 330[82] | Male adults and young offenders[82] | D | |
Holme House | Stockton-on-Tees | County Durham | 1211[83] | Male adults[84] | B | |
Hull | Kingston upon Hull | East Riding of Yorkshire | 1044[85] | Male adults and young offenders[86] | B | |
Humber | Brough | East Riding of Yorkshire | 1064[87] | Male adults, Resettlement[88] | C | |
Huntercombe | Nuffield | Oxfordshire | 365[89] | Young offenders[89] | HMYOI | |
Isis | Thamesmead | London | 622[90] | Young offenders[90] | HMYOI | |
Isle of Wight (Albany) | Newport | Isle of Wight | 567[91] | B | ||
Isle of Wight (Parkhurst) | Newport | Isle of Wight | 536[91] | B | ||
Kirkham | Kirkham | Lancashire | 590[92] | D | ||
Kirklevington Grange | Kirklevington | North Yorkshire | 283[93] | C, D | ||
Lancaster Farms | Lancaster | Lancashire | 549[94] | C | ||
Leeds | Leeds | West Yorkshire | 1004[95] | Formerly known as Armley Gaol. | B | |
Leicester | Leicester | Leicestershire | 392[96] | B | ||
Lewes | Lewes | East Sussex | 723[97] | Male adults and young offenders[97] | B | |
Leyhill | Tortworth | Gloucestershire | 532[98] | D | ||
Lincoln | Lincoln | Lincolnshire | 738[99] | B | ||
Lindholme | Hatfield Woodhouse | South Yorkshire | 990[100] | Part of site used as Immigration Removal Centre[100] | C, D | |
Littlehey | Perry | Cambridgeshire | 726[101] | Extension holding 480 male young offenders to open January 2010[101] | C | |
Liverpool | Liverpool | Merseyside | 1184[102] | B, C | ||
Long Lartin | South Littleton | Worcestershire | 622[103] | A | ||
Low Newton | Brasside | County Durham | 336[104] | Female adults and young offenders[104] | ||
Lowdham Grange | Lowdham | Nottinghamshire | Serco[2] | 690[105] | B | |
Maidstone | Maidstone | Kent | 600[106] | C | ||
Manchester | Manchester | Greater Manchester | 1269[107] | Previously known as Strangeways[107] | A | |
Moorland | Hatfield Woodhouse | South Yorkshire | 1006[108] | Male adults and young offenders[108] | C | |
New Hall | Flockton | West Yorkshire | 446[109] | Female adults and young offenders[109] | ||
Northumberland | Acklington | Northumberland | Sodexo Justice Services[2] | 1348 | Created by merging HMP Acklington and HMP Castington | C |
North Sea Camp | Freiston | Lincolnshire | 306[110] | D | ||
Norwich | Norwich | Norfolk | 767[111] | Male adults and young offenders[111] | B, C | |
Nottingham | Nottingham | Nottinghamshire | 549[112] | B | ||
Oakwood | Featherstone | Staffordshire | G4S[2] | 1605[113] | C | |
Onley | Rugby | Warwickshire | 742[87] | Male adults, training and resettlement[114] | C | |
Parc | Bridgend | Mid Glamorgan | G4S[2] | 1200[115] | Male adults and young offenders.[115] Opened in 1997. | B |
Pentonville | Barnsbury | London | 1250[116] | B, C | ||
Peterborough | Peterborough | Cambridgeshire | Sodexo Justice Services[2] | 840[117] | Male adults (480) and female adults (360)[117] | B |
Portland | Easton | Dorset | 624[118] | Young offenders[118] | HMYOI | |
Prescoed | Usk | Monmouthshire | 178[119] | Young offenders; Satellite of Usk[119] | D | |
Preston | Preston | Lancashire | 750[120] | B | ||
Ranby | Ranby | Nottinghamshire | 1098[121] | C | ||
Risley | Warrington | Cheshire | 1085[122] | C | ||
Rochester | Rochester | Kent | 620[123] | Young offenders[123] | HMYOI | |
Rye Hill | Barby | Northamptonshire | G4S[2] | 664[124] | B | |
Send | Send | Surrey | 282[125] | Female adults[125] | ||
Sheppey Cluster (Elmley) | Eastchurch | Kent | 985[126] | Male adults and young offenders[126] | B, C | |
Sheppey Cluster (Standford Hill) | Eastchurch | Kent | 462[127] | D | ||
Sheppey Cluster (Swaleside) | Eastchurch | Kent | 1132[128] | B | ||
Stafford | Stafford | Staffordshire | 741[129] | C | ||
Stocken | Stretton | Rutland | 806[130] | C | ||
Stoke Heath | Stoke Heath | Shropshire | 632[131] | Young offenders[131] | C | |
Styal | Styal | Cheshire | 459[132] | Female adults and young offenders[132] | ||
Sudbury | Sudbury | Derbyshire | 581[133] | D | ||
Swansea | Sandfields | Swansea | 422[134] | B, C | ||
Swinfen Hall | Swinfen | Staffordshire | 624[135] | Male adults and young offenders[135] | C | |
Thameside | Thamesmead | London | Serco[2] | 1200[136] | B | |
The Mount | Bovingdon | Hertfordshire | 720[137] | Adult Category C[137] | C | |
Thorn Cross | Appleton Thorn | Cheshire | 321[138] | Young offenders[138] | D | |
Usk | Usk | Monmouthshire | 250[139] | C | ||
Wakefield | Wakefield | West Yorkshire | 751[140] | Also known as 'Monster Mansion' | A | |
Wandsworth | Wandsworth | London | 1665[141] | B, C | ||
Warren Hill | Woodbridge | Suffolk | 222[142] | Young offenders[142] | HMYOI | |
Wayland | Griston | Norfolk | 1017[143] | C | ||
Wealstun | Thorp Arch | West Yorkshire | 527[144] | C | ||
Werrington | Werrington | Staffordshire | 162[145] | Young offenders[145] | HMYOI | |
Wetherby | Wetherby | West Yorkshire | 360[146] | Young offenders[146] | HMYOI | |
Whatton | Whatton-in-the-Vale | Nottinghamshire | 841[147] | C | ||
Whitemoor | March | Cambridgeshire | 448[148] | A | ||
Winchester | Winchester | Hampshire | 544[149] | Male adults[150] | B | |
Woodhill | Milton Keynes | Buckinghamshire | 819[151] | A | ||
Wormwood Scrubs | Wormwood Scrubs | London | 1277[152] | Male adults[150] | B | |
Wymott | Ulnes Walton | Lancashire | 1144[153] | C |
HMP The Verne and HMP Morton hall both now rolled as a public sector category C prisons.
Former prisons
Name | Location | County | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Abingdon | Abingdon | Oxfordshire | Built 1812 as the county gaol for Berkshire, closed 1874, redeveloped in the 1960s.[154] |
Aldington | Aldington | Kent | Closed 1999 |
Ashwell | Ashwell | Rutland | Closed March 2011, awaiting re-development |
Beaumaris | Beaumaris | Anglesey | Historic, now a museum |
Belle Vue | Manchester | Greater Manchester | Historic |
Blundeston | Blundeston | Suffolk | 1960-2013 |
Bocardo | Oxford | Oxfordshire | Historic |
Bodmin | Bodmin | Cornwall | Historic |
Bullwood Hall | Hockley | Essex | Closed 2013 |
Camp Hill Prison | Newport | Isle of Wight | Closed 2013 |
Canterbury Prison | Canterbury | Kent | Closed 2013 |
The Clink | Southwark | London | Historic |
Coldbath Fields | Clerkenwell | London | Closed 1885 |
Dorchester | Dorchester | Dorset | Closed 2013 |
Dalton Castle | Dalton-In-Furness | Cumbria | |
Eden Camp | Malton | North Yorkshire | World War II prisoner of war camp |
Finnamore Wood | Marlow | Buckinghamshire | Closed 1996, awaiting redevelopment |
Fisherton Gaol | Salisbury | Wiltshire | Closed 1870 [155] |
Fleet | Holborn | London | Historic |
Galleries of Justice | Nottingham | Nottinghamshire | Historic |
Gatehouse | Westminster | London | Historic |
Glen Parva | Leicester | Young offenders, closed June 2017[156] | |
Gloucester | Gloucester | Gloucestershire | Closed 2013 Open as tourist attraction |
Hexham | Hexham | Northumberland | Historic |
Holloway | Islington | London | Closed 2016. |
Kennet | Maghull | Merseyside | Closed 2016. |
King's Bench | Southwark | London | Historic |
Kingston | Portsmouth | Hampshire | Closed 2013 |
Lancaster Castle | Lancaster | Lancashire | Historic, still used as a crown court |
Latchmere House | Richmond upon Thames | London | Closed September 2011, awaiting re-development |
Launceston Castle | Launceston | Cornwall | Historic |
Lincoln Castle | Lincoln | Lincolnshire | Historic - prison block built 1787, housed prisoners until 1878, now houses the Lincolnshire Archives |
Marshalsea | Southwark | London | Historic |
Millbank | Westminster | London | Historic |
Newgate | City of London | London | Historic |
Norman Cross | Peterborough | Cambridgeshire | Historic |
Prince Rupert's Tower | Liverpool | Merseyside | Historic |
Reading | Reading | Berkshire | A prison dating from 1844 housing up to 320 men. Closed in 2013.[157] |
Ruthin Gaol | Ruthin | Denbighshire | Historic, Now owned by county council and used as records office, some areas open as tourist attraction[158] |
Oxford | Oxford | Oxfordshire | Closed 1996, redeveloped as a shopping and heritage complex |
Shepton Mallet | Shepton Mallet | Somerset | Closed 2013 Open as tourist attraction |
Shrewsbury | Shrewsbury | Shropshire | Closed 2013 Open as tourist attraction |
Tothill Fields Bridewell | Westminster | London | Historic |
Tower of London | Whitechapel | London | Historic |
The Verne | Isle of Portland | Dorset | Currently an Immigration Removal Centre |
Wallingford | Wallingford | Oxfordshire | Historic |
Weare | Portland | Dorset | Prison Ship - closed 2005 |
Wellingborough | Wellingborough | Northamptonshire | Closed 2012 |
Wood Street Counter | Wood Street | London | Historic |
Northern Ireland (Northern Ireland Prison Service)
The following table lists the three active prisons in Northern Ireland. All three are operated by the Northern Ireland Prison Service. There is also a Juvenile Justice Centre, located in Bangor, County Down, which is operated by the Youth Justice Agency. It is also used as a prison officer training centre.[159]
Name | Location | County | Capacity | Gender | Juvenile (10–18) | Young Offender (18–21) | Adult | Adult Security Category |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HMP Maghaberry | Lisburn | County Antrim | 745[160] | Male | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
High[160] |
HMP Magilligan | Limavady | County Londonderry | 452[161] | Male | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Low[161] |
HMP Hydebank Wood | Belfast | County Down | 306[162] | Male/Female | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Medium[163] |
Woodlands JJC | Bangor | County Down | 48[164] | Male/Female | ![]() |
![]() |
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Former prison
- Maze, County Antrim (also called Long Kesh) – closed 29 September 2000
Scotland (Scottish Prison Service)
Former prisons
Name | Location | Council area | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Aberdeen | Aberdeen | Aberdeen | Closed 2014 |
Bass Rock | Firth of Forth | East Lothian | |
Calton Gaol | Edinburgh | Edinburgh | Gaol closed in 1927 |
Duke Street | Glasgow | Glasgow | Closed 1955, demolished 1958 |
Inveraray Jail | Inveraray | Argyll and Bute | Historic |
Jedburgh Castle | Jedburgh | Scottish Borders | Historic |
Noranside | Forfar | Angus | Closed 2011 |
Peterhead | Peterhead | Aberdeenshire | Closed 2013 |
Stonehaven Tolbooth | Stonehaven | Aberdeenshire | Historic |
The Tolbooth | Aberdeen | Aberdeen | Historic |
Old Tolbooth | Edinburgh | Edinburgh | Historic |
HM Prison Penninghame | Newton Stewart | Dumfrieshire | Closed 2000 |
HM Prison Dungavel | Strathaven | South Lanarkshire | Closed 2001 |
HM Prison Longriggend | Longriggend | North Lanarkshire | Closed 2000 |
HM Prison Friarton | Perth | Perthshire | Closed 2010 |
HM Prison Zeist | Utrecht | Netherlands | Closed |
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