List of Internet phenomena

Social and cultural phenomena specific to the Internet include Internet memes, such as popular themes, catchphrases, images, viral videos, and jokes. When such fads and sensations occur online, they tend to grow rapidly and become more widespread because the instant communication facilitates word of mouth transmission.

The below partial list focuses more on Internet phenomena that is not restricted by regional Internet laws; other countries such as China or Pakistan do have Internet phenomena specific there that is not blocked by regional laws. Other regional Internet phenomena in countries with restricted regional laws are covered in List of Internet phenomena in China and List of Internet phenomena in Pakistan.

Advertising and products

Beanie Babies – Beanie Babies were cited as being the world's first Internet sensation in 1995.[1]
Cooks Source infringement controversy – An advertising-supported publication's dismissive response to copyright infringement complaint causes online backlash.[2]
Elf Yourself (2006) and its related Scrooge Yourself (2007) are both interactive websites created by Jason Zada and Evolution Bureau for OfficeMax's holiday season advertising campaign. Elf Yourself allows visitors to upload images of themselves or their friends, see them as dancing elves,[3][4] and includes options to post the created video to other sites or save it as a personalized mini-film.[5] According to ClickZ, visiting the Elf Yourself site "has become an annual tradition that people look forward to".[6] While not selling any one specific product, the two were created to raise consumer awareness of the sponsoring firm.[7]
FreeCreditReport.com – A series of TV commercials that were posted on the Internet; many spoofs of the commercials were made and posted on YouTube.[8]
HeadOn – A June 2006 advertisement for a homeopathic product claimed to relieve headaches. Ads featured the tagline, "HeadOn. Apply directly to the forehead", stated three times in succession, accompanied by a video of a model using the product without ever directly stating the product's purpose. The ads were successively parodied on sites such as YouTube and rapper Lil Jon even made fun of it.[9]
Little Darth Vader – An advertisement by Volkswagen featuring young Max Page dressed in a Darth Vader costume running around his house trying to use "the Force". It was released on the Internet a few days prior to Super Bowl XLV in 2011, and quickly became popular.[10] It eventually became the most shared ad of all-time.[11]
LowerMyBills.com – Banner ads from this mortgage company feature endless loops of cowboys, women, aliens, and office workers dancing.[12][13]
The Man Your Man Could Smell Like – A television commercial starring Isaiah Mustafa reciting a quick, deadpan monologue while shirtless about how "anything is possible" if men use Old Spice. It eventually led to a popular viral marketing campaign which had Mustafa responding to various Internet comments in short YouTube videos on Old Spice's YouTube channel.[14]
"Mac Tonight/Moon Man" – A McDonald's commercial made to promote dinner sales. Starting in 2007, the character in the commercial, "Mac Tonight" was utilized in videos where he is depicted promoting violence against minorities and promoting the KKK with racist parodies of rap songs. The best-known parody, "Notorious KKK" (a parody of Hypnotize by The Notorious B.I.G.), has accumulated over 119,000 views on YTMND.[15]
"Nope, Chuck Testa" – A local commercial made for Ojai Valley Taxidermy, owned by Chuck Testa, suggesting that the stuffed creatures were alive until Testa appeared, saying "Nope, Chuck Testa!"; the ad soon went viral.[16][17]
Potato Parcel – a web site that allows the user to send anonymous personalized messages on potatoes via the mail.[18][19][20]

The Shake Weight

Pepsi MAX & Jeff Gordon Present: Test Drive – A short film where NASCAR driver Jeff Gordon poses as an average car buyer to prank a cars salesman.[21] A sequel, Test Drive 2, was released the following year, with Gordon pranking a writer who had branded the original video as fake.[22]
"Rivals" – A commercial for video game retailer EB Games that promoted Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare. The commercial drew criticism for its concept and the performances of its actors.[23]
Shake Weight – Infomercial clips of the modified dumbbell went viral as a result of the product's sexually suggestive nature.[24]
Will It Blend? – The blender product Blendtec, claimed by its creator Tom Dickson to be the most powerful blender, is featured in a series of YouTube videos, "Will It Blend?" where numerous food and non-food items are used within the blender.[25]
Xtranormal – A website allowing users to create videos by scripting the dialog and choosing from a menu of camera angles and predesigned CGI characters and scenes. Though originally designed to be used to ease storyboard development for filmmakers, the site quickly became popular after videos made with the tool, including "iPhone 4 vs HTC Evo", became viral.[26][27]

Animation and comics

Animutations – Early Flash-based animations, pioneered by Neil Cicierega in 2001, typically featuring foreign language songs (primary Japanese, such as "Yatta"), set to random pop-culture images. The form is said to have launched the use of Flash for inexpensive animations that are now more common on the Internet.[28][29][30]
Arthur – A 1996 PBS educational series that became popular on the Internet in July 2016 through humorous stills, including a still of the title character's clenched fist.[31][32]
Ate my balls - One of the earliest examples of an internet meme, which involved web pages depicting a particular celebrity, fictional character, or other subject's relish for eating testicles.[33]
Axe Cop – Initially a web comic series with stories created by five-year-old Malachai Nicolle and drawn into comic form by his 29-year-old brother Ethan, the series gained viral popularity on the Internet due to the vividness and non sequitur nature of Malachai's imagination, and has led to physical publication and a series of animated shorts in the 2012–2013 season for the Fox Television Network.[34][35][36]
Badger Badger Badger – A hypnotic loop of animal calisthenics set to the chant of "badger, badger, badger", created by Jonti "Weebl" Picking.[37]
Big Chungus – A still frame of the 1941 Merrie Melodies short Wabbit Twouble when Bugs Bunny mocks a fat Elmer Fudd. The meme originated from fictitious cover art for a video game titled Big Chungus (with "chungus" being a neologism associated with video game commentator Jim Sterling), which featured a still from the scene, and was popularized by a Facebook post by a GameStop manager who alleged that a colleague's mother had inquired about purchasing the "game" as a gift.[38][39]

Bongo Cat

Bongo Cat – Originated on Twitter on May 7, 2018 when a simple animated cat GIF, was edited for it to play the song "Athletic" from the Super Mario World soundtrack. This cat has since been edited to play various songs on bongos, and later other instruments.[40][41]
"Caramelldansen" – A spoof from the Japanese visual novel opening Popotan that shows the two main characters doing a hip swing dance with their hands over their heads, imitating rabbit ears, while the background song plays the sped-up version of the song "Caramelldansen", sung by the Swedish music group Caramell. Also known as Caramelldansen Speedycake Remix or Uma uma dance in Japan, the song was parodied by artists and fans who then copy the animation and include characters from other anime performing the dance.[42][43][44]
Charlie the Unicorn – A four-part series of videos involving a unicorn who is repeatedly hoodwinked by two other unnamed unicorns, colored blue and pink, who take him on elaborate adventures in order to steal his belongings or cause him physical harm.[45]
Dancing baby – A 3D-rendered dancing baby that first appeared in 1996 by the creators of Character Studio for 3D Studio MAX, and became something of a late 1990s cultural icon, in part due to its exposure on worldwide commercials, editorials about Character Studio, and the popular television series Ally McBeal.[46]
The End of the World – A flash animated video by Jason Windsor in 2003 that depicts a situation when the entire world is nuked by rivaling countries.[47][48][49]
Happy Tree Friends – A series of Flash cartoons featuring cute cartoon animals experiencing violent and gruesome accidents.[50]
Homestar Runner – A Flash animated Internet cartoon by Mike Chapman, Craig Zobel, and Matt Chapman, created in 1996 and popularized in 2000. The cartoon contains many references to popular culture from the 1980s and 1990s, including video games, television, and popular music.[51]
I'll take a potato chip... and eat it!!! – A scene from the English-language dub of episode 8 of the anime adaptation of Death Note, showing the main character Light Yagami taking a potato chip from a bag of chips and eating the chip.[52]
Joe Cartoon – Creator of interactive Flash animations Frog in a Blender[53] and Gerbil in a Microwave,[54][55] which were two of the first Flash cartoons to receive fame on the Internet.[56]
Loituma Girl (also known as Leekspin) – a looped Flash animation of an anime girl Orihime Inoue from the Bleach series twirling a leek, set to a scat singing section of the traditional Finnish folk song "Ievan Polkka", sung by the Finnish quartet Loituma on their 1995 debut album Things of Beauty.[57] The band's popularity rose tremendously[58] after the animation was posted in Russian LiveJournal in 2006. The song clip soon enjoyed overwhelming popularity as a ringtone, with most of the young urban population aware of the "Yak zup zop" lyrics.[59]
Motu Patlu – an Indian cartoon aired on Nickelodeon (India), made widely popular by a Nick India ad celebrating Teacher's Day in India, which has been reposted under the title "D se Dab".
Nyan Cat – A YouTube video of an animated flying cat, set to a Utau song.[60]

A group of Polandball characters

Polandball – A user-generated Internet meme which originated on the /int/ board of German imageboard Krautchan.net in the latter half of 2009. The meme is manifested in a large number of online comics, where countries are presented as spherical personas that interact in often broken English, poking fun at national stereotypes and international relations, as well as historical conflicts.[61]
Pusheen – An animated grey tabby cat, originally drawn as a character in the webcomic "Everyday Cute" by artists Clare Belton and Andrew Duff.[62] Belton has since released a Pusheen book.[63]
Rage comics – A large set of pre-drawn images including crudely drawn stick figures, clip art, and other artwork, typically assembled through website generators, to allow anyone to assemble a comic and post to various websites and boards. The New York Times reports that thousands of these are created daily.[64] Typically these are drawn in response to a real-life event that has angered the comic's creator, hence the term "rage comics", but comics assembled for any other purpose are also made. Certain images from rage comics are known by specific titles, such as "trollface" (a widely grinning man), "forever alone" (a man crying to himself), or "rage guy" (a man shouting "FUUUUU...").
Salad Fingers – A Flash animation series surrounding a schizophrenic green man in a desolate world populated mostly by deformed, functionally mute people.[65]
Simpsonwave – A genre of videos where clips of the American animated sitcom The Simpsons are filtered with tinted, VHS-like effects and played over psychedelic vaporwave or chillwave tracks.[66]
The Spirit of Christmas – Consists of two different animated short films made by Trey Parker and Matt Stone, which are precursors to the animated series South Park. To differentiate between the two homonymous shorts, the first short is often referred to as Jesus vs. Frosty (1992), and the second short as Jesus vs. Santa (1995). Fox executive Brian Graden sent copies of Jesus vs. Santa to several of his friends, and from there it was copied and distributed, including on the internet, where it became one of the first viral videos.[67] They were created by animating construction paper cutouts with stop motion, and features prototypes of the main characters of South Park.[68]
"This is fine" – A two-panel comic drawn in 2013 by KC Green as part of the Gunshow webcomic, showing an anthropomorphic dog sitting in a room on fire, and saying "This is fine". The comic emerged as a meme in 2016, used in situations, as described by The New York Times, "halfway between a shrug and complete denial of reality". Numerous derivatives of the "This is fine" comic have been made.[69]
The Ultimate Showdown of Ultimate Destiny – A lethal battle royale between many notable real and fictitious characters from popular culture. Set to a song of the same name, written and performed by Neil Cicierega under his musician alias, "Lemon Demon."[70]

xkcd's "Wikipedian Protestor" comic

Ultra Instinct Shaggy – A character interpretation that Shaggy Rogers is immensely more powerful than he presents himself. The meme is usually presented as still frames of a behind-the-scenes interview of the Scooby-Doo movie with subtitles implying that Shaggy is restraining his power to prevent catastrophe.[71][72][73]
Weebl and Bob – A series of flash cartoons created by Jonti Picking featuring two egg-shaped characters that like pie and speak in a stylistic manner.[74]
xkcd – A webcomic created by Randall Munroe, popularized on the Internet due to a high level of math-, science- and geek-related humor,[75] with certain jokes being reflected in real-life, such as using Wikipedia's "[citation needed]" tag on real world signs[76] or the addition of an audio preview for YouTube comments.[77]

Challenges

A person taking the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge

TrashTag Challenge CleanUp - Before TrashTag Challenge

These generally feature Internet users recording themselves taking a challenge and then distributing the resulting video through social media sites, often inspiring or daring other users to repeat the challenge.

Banana Sprite Challenge – a challenge to quickly eat two bananas and drink one can of Sprite[78] without vomiting. There are other versions of the challenge, but the suggested premise is that the body cannot digest both substances at the same time.[79] While the vomit response is commonly assumed to be a chemical reaction between the two foods, the reaction may also occur due simply to the large amount of food and drink ingested within a short period. Dietitian Heather Boline observes that the human stomach can only hold around two cups, saying "Too much food or liquid in your stomach if your stomach doesn’t have that capability can make you vomit."[79] Thus, the vomiting response is likely due to the volume of food and drink being higher than the volume of the stomach.
Bird Box Challenge – For its film Bird Box, where a significant plot element has characters keeping themselves blindfolded to prevent going insane, Netflix partnered with Twitch streamers to challenge them to play video games blindfolded. However, the challenge morphed into people attempting everyday activities fully blindfolded while being recorded, which included attempting to cook, walk in busy streets, and drive cars. Several of these videos have gone viral, but others repeating the challenges have gotten themselves into a number of non-fatal injuries. Netflix and law officials have issued warnings that people should only perform Bird Box challenges in safe, isolated places to eliminate the potential to injure themselves and others.[80][81]
Book Bucket Challenge – a variant of so-called Ice Bucket Challenge with an Indian origin. It went viral on social media during August–September 2014.[82][83] The original Ice Bucket Challenge involved participants pouring a bucket of ice over their head or donating money to the ALS Association. The Book Bucket Challenge involves people sharing the names of 10 books that inspired them on their social networking pages or donating books to the needy and sharing those photos with friends on social networking sites.
Bottle Cap Challenge – A martial arts challenge where one must kick the bottle cap off without knocking over the bottle itself.[84][85]
Cameron Boyce Challenge – After Cameron Boyce passed away at age 20,[86] a new challenge became trending as folks mimicked the symptoms of epileptic seizure that led to his death. Fans called out this challenge as obscene, considering it an insult to his immediate family and to everyone with epilepsy.[87]
Charlie Charlie Challenge – A ouija-emulating ritual in which the spirit of a Mexican demon named "Charlie" is invoked via two pencils in the shape of a cross and the words "yes" and "no" written on paper in a square. Social media users began circulating videos of pencils moving to the word "yes" when asking if the demon is present.[88]
Cheesed Challenge – a recent Twitter trend. Parents film themselves tossing cheese slices at their babies with controversial results.[89][90]
Cinnamon challenge – a viral Internet food challenge. The objective of the challenge is to film oneself swallowing a spoonful of ground cinnamon in under 60 seconds without drinking anything,[91] then upload the video to the Internet.[92][93][94] The challenge is difficult and carries substantial health risks because the cinnamon coats and dries the mouth and throat, resulting in coughing, gagging, vomiting and inhaling of cinnamon, leading to throat irritation, breathing difficulties, and risk of pneumonia[91] or a collapsed lung.[95]
Condom challenge – a viral Internet challenge. The challenge involves inserting a latex condom into the nostril and snorting it into the nasal cavity and back through the throat to be coughed out of the mouth. The term "condom challenge" was coined in May 2012 following the widespread popularity of the cinnamon challenge, but the idea is several years old and videos of challenge attempts date to at least 2007.[96] The challenge went viral in April 2013, when WorldStarHipHop posted a video of two young women attempting the challenge, and several people subsequently uploaded videos onto the Internet of themselves attempting the challenge. The stunt poses potential choking hazards.[97]
Coronavirus Challenge – the challenge involves licking various surfaces such as door handles and even public toilet bowls.[98] At least one person who took the challenge was reported to have contracted COVID-19.[99]
Eraser Challenge – a kids trend where one rubs an eraser on their bare skin as hard as they can while reciting the English alphabet. While that may sound like a fun school activity, it can cause painful burns and scars to the skin, possibly with infections as well, thus leading to parental concerns.[100][101]
Fire Challenge – an activity which refers to the application of flammable liquids to one's body and then setting the liquids aflame, while being video recorded. The aftermath is then posted to social media sites.[102][103][104][104][105] Firefighters, police officers and media sources have chastised and spoken out against the activity, hoping to dissuade individuals from trying it due to its harmful nature.[106][107][108]
Food challenge – examples include the gallon challenge or the Saltine cracker challenge, are specific challenges or competitions involving food. These may occur as part of competitive eating or as an online challenge.[109] For example, the dare of the cinnamon challenge meme is to attempt to eat a specified amount of ground cinnamon within a minute and then also post the video online, like a chain letter.
Food Stamp or SNAP Challenge – a trend in the United States popularized by religious groups, community activists and food pantries, in which a family of means chooses to purchase food using only the monetary equivalent of what a family that size would receive in the US federal government Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), colloquially called food stamps.[110] In 2015, this amounted to US$194.00 per person per month, or nearly $7.00 per day.[111][112]
Gallon Smashing – A challenge which surfaced on YouTube in 2013, Gallon smashing involves obtaining bottles of liquid in a supermarket (usually cow's milk or water) and then throwing them against the floor and spilling their contents in such a way that the act is seen to be accidental rather than deliberate. The participant may attempt to damage other objects as they throw the bottles, or fall into the resultant spill and seek the assistance of customers to help them up. Participants of this challenge often sustain injuries and frequently face punishment from legal authorities, including the two teenagers who originally started the phenomenon.[113][114]
Ice Bucket Challenge – A charity-driven effort where a person "tags" three other people over social media, challenging them either to donate $100 to the ALS Association, or to otherwise douse themselves with a bucket of ice-cold water while filming themselves as well as making a smaller donation and tagging three others with the same challenge. As the challenge propagated, it tagged various celebrities and people with large numbers of social followers, causing the challenge to grow in a viral manner.[115]
I Will Survive coronavirus challenge – Named after Gloria Gaynor's hit song, the aim is to encourage people to properly wash their hands in light of the coronavirus pandemic. The iconic singer made a video that has since gone viral on TikTok.[116]
Kylie Jenner Lip Challenge – Based on trying to recreate the puffy lips of television star Kylie Jenner, Internet users show themselves using a small vessel like a shotglass that covers their lips, drawing all the air out of the vessel, and then releasing, which temporarily puffs the lips by drawing the user's blood into them. The activity is considered harmful, both from bruising and dis-figuration of the lips, and the potential for the vessel to shatter and cut the person.[117][118]
Mannequin Challenge – a viral Internet video trend that started in October 2016 where people remain still while a video is recorded, usually with music in the background, most commonly "Black Beatles" by Rae Sremmurd. It became especially popular with sports teams and athletes.[119]
Outlet Challenge – One year after YouTube announced its ban on extremely dangerous challenges videos,[120] users migrated to TikTok to share their videos of the new viral challenge. People have partially plugged in their phone chargers into outlets, then slid pennies into the gap between the phone charger and the electrical socket, resulting in electrical fire hazards,[121] which authorities warned individuals about.[122]
Running Man Challenge – A series of dance videos originally created by Hillside, New Jersey high school students Kevin Vincent and Jeremiah Hall on Instagram that uses the song "My Boo" by Ghost Town DJ's.[123][124]
Sailor Moon redraw challenge - An challenge on the entire that does an redraw on the pop character Sailor Moon from the series of the same name either having scenes of her drawn in different art styles or having another fictional character take her place in the scene which first appeared in the early 2020s.[125][126]

A hand after performing the salt and ice challenge

Salt and ice challenge – Internet phenomenon wherein participants pour salt on their bodies, usually on the arm and ice is then placed on the salt.[127][128] This causes a "burning" sensation, and participants vie to withstand the pain for the longest time. The challenge is recorded and posted on YouTube or other forms of social media.[128][129][130]
Skull Breaker Challenge – A challenge originating on TikTok that went viral in February 2020. The challenge involves two people convincing another person to jump, and then kick their legs out, causing the person jumping to fall on their head. Several people have been hospitalized after performing this challenge.[131]
Tide Pod Challenge – Similar to other eating challenges, this saw people attempt to eat Tide Pods, small packets filled with laundry detergent and other chemicals that normally dissolve while in a washing machine. The challenge gained attention in late 2017 and early 2018, and quickly was addressed by several health-related organizations, as the chemicals in the packet are poisonous and toxic to humans. These agencies sought to warn users and strongly discourage the challenge after dozens of cases of poisoning were reported within the first few weeks of 2018, while YouTube took action to remove videos related to the challenge to further stop its spread.[132][133]
Trashtag Challenge is an environmental challenge encouraging people to cleanup litter and post before/after photos. The challenge went viral in 2019 and is part of a movement to cleanup litter and trash from the outdoors. Organizations that are actively involved in the challenge include National CleanUp Day, Earth Day, Keep America Beautiful, and World Cleanup Day.[134][135][136]
TrashTag Challenge CleanUp - After TrashTag Challenge
Yoga Challenge – A continuing YouTube video trend that first went viral during the summer of 2014 involving participants who attempt to perform a series of acroyoga poses that are taken from the internet. Typically, participants are not trained in yoga, which results in humorous outcomes (awkward stances, falling down, etc.). These attempts are captured on film, usually on a smartphone or tablet camera, and uploaded to YouTube. Usually, prior to attempting a pose, participants will show an image of the correct pose they are attempting to the camera using a second phone or tablet (or by adding the image in during video editing). The contrast between correct poses by professionals and incorrect poses by amateurs adds to the humor. YouTuber Alfie Deyes posted a video titled The Yoga Challenge! in June 2014 which may have set off the trend. Deyes' video may have been inspired by various popular "couples stunts" and "yoga fail" videos by channels such as BFvsGF posted as early as 2012. BFvsGF themselves affirmed the trend by posting a video titled "Acro Yoga Challenge" in July 2014. The "challenge" form factor may stem from the "30-Day yoga challenge" that was a popular fitness vlogging trend on YouTube as early as the mid 2000s.[137]

Dance

Two screenshots from before and after the drop in a Harlem Shake video

Coffin Dance/Dancing Pallbearers - A group of Ghana pallbearers that respectfully dance during funeral processions had been covered by the BBC in 2017 and gained some initial Internet popularity.[138] In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, a popular TikTok video mashed the BBC footage with the EDM song "Astronomia" from Russian artist Tony Igy, creating a meme that appeared to spread as a morbidly humorous reminder about the dangers of COVID-19.[139][140]
"Dab" – A dance move where a person drops their head into a bent, slanted arm, with the other arm out straight and parallel.
"Dancing Banana" – A banana dancing to the song "Peanut Butter Jelly Time" by the Buckwheat Boyz.[141][142]
Hampster Dance – A page filled with hamsters dancing, linking to other animated pages. It spawned a fictional band complete with its own CD album release.[143]
Harlem Shake – A video based on Harlem shake dance, originally created by YouTube personality Filthy Frank and using an electronica version of the song by Baauer. In such videos, one person is dancing or acting strange among a room full of others going about routine business. After the drop in the song and a video cut, everyone starts dancing or acting strangely. The attempts to recreate the dance led to a viral spread on YouTube.[144][145]
"Hit the Quan" - A viral dance challenge to the song "Hit the Quan" by American rapper iLoveMemphis. Rich Homie Quan originally performed this dance in his music video for his song "Flex (Ooh, Ooh, Ooh)". iLoveMemphis produced the "Hit The Quan" based around Rich Homie Quan's dance. iLoveMemphis’ song launched the "Hit the Quan" viral dance challenge because of its convenient lyrics to dance to.[146] "Hit the Quan" reached as high as 20 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart because of the popularity of the dance.[146] The dance challenge was very popular on social media platforms, especially Vine, which looped 6 second long videos. Dance challenges and social media provides the whole community with something that everybody can be a part of if they so choose. Many celebraties participated in the popular dance challenge.[147]
"Indian Thriller" – A viral scene from the Indian film Donga with added subtitles phonetically approximating the original lyrics as English sentences.[148]
JK Wedding Entrance Dance – The wedding procession for Jill Peterson and Kevin Heinz of St. Paul, Minnesota, choreographed to the song "Forever" by Chris Brown. Popularized on YouTube with 1.75 million views in less than five days in 2009.[149] The video was later imitated in an episode of The Office on NBC.[150]
"Kiki Challenge" - A viral dance challenge to the song "In My Feelings" by Drake. This challenge was started by a comedian named Shiggy on the night that Drake released the album Scorpion. Shiggy posted a video of himself on his Instagram account dancing along to part of the lyrics in what looks like in the middle of a neighborhood street.[151] Shiggy commented #DoTheShiggy which is another name for the dance challenge.[151] Drake claims the success of the song was due to Shiggy's popular dance to his song.[151] The dance challenge is often filmed with a twist of the original. The most popular twist of the dance is filmed from the passenger side of a moving vehicle through the open driver door where the would be driver is dancing moves along with the slowly moving car. This challenge received a lot of controversy due to the fact nobody was in control of the car. Performers have received fines and sometimes suffered injury.[152] This viral dance challenge was performed by a number of professional athletes and celebrities.[151] The dance challenge was performed by people in the U.S. and spread to the rest of the world, providing a platform for dance inclusion.[153]
Little Superstar – A video of Thavakalai, a short Indian actor, break-dancing to MC Miker G & DJ Sven's remix of the Madonna song "Holiday", in a clip from a 1990 Tamil film Adhisaya Piravi, featuring actor Rajnikanth.[154][155]
T-pose – A surrealist "dance move" that became popular in April 2018 modeled after the default pose (also known as a bind pose) that many 3D models in games, animations, and more take in their raw file form. Originally popularized by a YouTube video titled "Y'all mind if I hit that T-pose?" uploaded on June 15, 2017 by YouTuber Spacemace.[156]
Techno Viking – A muscular Nordic raver dancing in a technoparade in Berlin.[157]
"Thriller" by the CPDRC Dancing Inmates – A recreation of Michael Jackson's hit performed by prisoners at the Cebu Provincial Detention and Rehabilitation Center (CPDRC) in the Philippines.[158] In January 2010, it was among the ten most popular videos on YouTube with over 20 million hits.[159]
Triangle Dance Challenge - Three individuals place hands on each other's shoulders and jump to a different point on an invisible triangle. This gained popularity in 2019.[160][161]

Email

Bill Gates Email Beta Test – An email chain-letter that first appeared in 1997 and still circulates. The message claims that America Online and Microsoft are conducting a beta test and for each person you forward the email to, you will receive a payment from Bill Gates of more than $200. Realistic contact information for a lawyer appears in the message.[162][163]
Craig Shergold – a British former cancer patient who is most famous for receiving an estimated 350 million greeting cards, earning him a place in the Guinness Book of World Records in 1991 and 1992. Variations of the plea for greeting cards sent out on his behalf in 1989 are still being distributed through the Internet, making the plea one of the most persistent urban legends.[164]
Goodtimes virus – An infamous, fraudulent virus warning that first appeared in 1994. The email claimed that an email virus with the subject line "Good Times" was spreading, which would "send your CPU into a nth-complexity infinite binary loop", among other dire predictions.[165][166]
Lighthouse and naval vessel urban legend – Purportedly an actual transcript of an increasingly heated radio conversation between a U.S. Navy ship and a Canadian who insists the naval vessel change a collision course, ending in the punchline. This urban legend first appeared on the Internet in its commonly quoted format in 1995, although versions of the story predate it by several decades.[167] It continues to circulate; the Military Officers Association of America reported in 2011 that it is forwarded to them an average of three times a day.[168] The Navy has a page specifically devoted to pointing out that many of the ships named weren't even in service at the time.[169]
MAKE.MONEY.FAST – One of the first spam messages that was spread primarily through Usenet, or even earlier BBS systems, in the late 1980s or early 1990s. The original email is attributed to an individual who used the name "Dave Rhodes", who may or may not have existed.[170] The message is a classic pyramid scheme – you receive an email with a list of names and are asked to send $5 by postal mail to the person whose name is at the top of the list, add your own name to the bottom, and forward the updated list to a number of other people.[171]
Neiman Marcus Cookie recipe – An email chain-letter dating back to the early 1990s, but originating as Xeroxlore, in which a person tells a story about being ripped off for over $200 for a cookie recipe from Neiman Marcus. The email claims the person is attempting to exact revenge by passing the recipe out for free.[172][173]
Nigerian Scam/419 scam – A mail scam attempt popularized by the ability to send millions of emails. The scam claims the sender is a high-ranking official of Nigeria with knowledge of a large sum of money or equivalent goods that they cannot claim but must divest themselves of it; to do so, they claim to require a smaller sum of money up front to access the sum to send to the receiver. The nature of the scam has mutated to be from any number of countries, high-ranking persons, barristers, or relationships to said people.[174]

Film and television

A group of LGBT people holding up "The Babadook" at the LGBT Resist March in Los Angeles.

Tommy Wiseau of The Room (2003)

The Babadook (2014) – An Australian-Canadian psychological horror film that started trending on Twitter in June 2017 when the title character became an unofficial mascot for the LGBT community.[175] Prior of that, rumors of the Babadook's sexuality began in October 2016 when some Netflix users reported seeing the film categorized as an LGBT movie on Netflix.[176][177][178]
Bee Movie (2007) – Sped-up or slowed-down clips of the film have became popular on YouTube.[179][180] One upload by "Avoid at All Costs" exceeded 12 million views as of December 2016.[181] The video and videos like it were taken down by YouTube in June 2017. From September 2013 onwards, a few Internet users posted the entirety of the Bee Movie script on sites like Tumblr and Facebook.[182]
The Blair Witch Project (1999) – The film's producers used Internet marketing to create the impression that the documentary-style horror film featured real, as opposed to fictional, events.[183]
Cloverfield (2008) – Paramount Pictures used a viral marketing campaign to promote this monster movie.[184]
Downfall (2004) – A film depicting Adolf Hitler (portrayed in this film by Swiss actor Bruno Ganz) during his final days of his life. Multiple scenes in which Hitler rants in German have been parodied innumerable times on the Internet, including when Hitler finds out that Felix Steiner has failed to carry out his orders and when Hitler finds out SS-Gruppenführer Hermann Fegelein has gone AWOL. This scene often has its English subtitles replaced by mock subtitles to give the appearance that Hitler is ranting about modern, often trivial topics, and sometimes even breaks the fourth wall by referencing the Internet meme itself. While the clips are frequently removed for copyright violations, the film's director, Oliver Hirschbiegel, has stated that he enjoys them, and claimed to have seen about 145 of them.[185][186]
Figwit (abbreviated from "Frodo is great...who is that?") – a background elf character with only seconds of screen time and one line of dialog from The Lord of the Rings film trilogy played by Flight of the Conchords member Bret McKenzie, which became a fascination with a large number of fans. This ultimately led to McKenzie being brought back to play an elf in The Hobbit.[187][188][189]
LazyTown (2004) – a children's television program originating from Iceland, which became very popular after one of the primary actors Stefán Karl Stefánsson was diagnosed with cancer and set up a GoFundMe page to support him. The song We are Number One became a meme in October 2016, and many videos were created. It became one of the fastest growing memes in history, with 250 videos uploaded in 5 days.[190]
Marble Hornets is a documentary-style horror, suspense short film series based on alternate reality experiences of the Slenderman tale. Marble Hornets was instrumental in codifying parts of the Slender Man mythos, but is not part of the intercontinuity crossover that includes many of the blogs and vlogs that followed it, although MH does feature in other canons as either a chronicle of real events or a fictional series.[191][192][193]
Mega Shark Versus Giant Octopus (2009) – The theatrical trailer released in mid-May 2009 became a viral hit, scoring over one million hits on MTV.com and another 300,000 hits on YouTube upon launch, prompting brisk pre-orders of the DVD.[194]

The adult brony fandom of My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic grew from its 4chan roots.

My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic – Hasbro's 2010 animated series to revive its toy line was discovered by members of 4chan and subsequently spawned a large adult, mostly male fanbase calling themselves "bronies" and creating numerous Internet memes and mashups based on elements from the show.[195][196]
Re-cut trailer – User-made trailers for established films, using scenes, voice-overs, and music, to alter the appearance of the film's true genre or meaning or to create a new, apparently seamless, film. Examples include casting the thriller-drama The Shining into a romantic comedy, or using footage from the respective films to create Robocop vs. Terminator.[197][198][199]
The Room (2003) – Written, produced, directed, and starring Tommy Wiseau, the low budget independent film is considered one of the worst films ever made, but through social media and interest from comedians, gained a large number of ironic fans while further becoming a popular source for memes based on some of the poorly delivered lines in the movie, such as "You're tearing me apart, Lisa!" (a shoehorned reference to an iconic James Dean line in Rebel Without a Cause) and "Oh Hi, Mark"[200][201]
Sharknado (2013) – A made-for-television film produced by The Asylum and aired on the SyFy network as a mockbuster of other disaster films, centered on the appearance of a tornado filled with sharks in downtown Los Angeles. Though similar to other films from the Asylum, the combination of elements within the film, such as low-budget specific effects and choice of actors, led to the film becoming a social media hit and leading to at least four additional sequels.[202]
Shrek – A DreamWorks franchise that had an internet fandom who ironically liked the series.[203] The viral video, "Shrek is Love, Shrek is Life", was based on a homoerotic story on 4chan depicting the titular ogre engaging in anal sex with a (presumably young) boy.[204][205]
Snakes on a Plane (2006) – Attracted attention a year before its planned release, and before any promotional material was released, due to the film's working title, its seemingly absurd premise, and the piquing of actor Samuel L. Jackson's interest to work on the film. Producers of the film responded to the Internet buzz by adding several scenes and dialogue imagined by the fans.[206]
SpongeBob SquarePants – A 1999 Nickelodeon animated television series that has spawned various Internet memes. These memes include "Surprised Patrick",[207] "Mr. Krabs Blur",[208] "Caveman SpongeBob",[209][210] "Handsome Squidward",[207] and '"Mocking SpongeBob".[211][212] In 2019, Nickelodeon officially released merchandise based on the memes.[213][214]
Star War: The Third Gathers: The Backstroke of the West - Around the time the film came out, a bootleg recording circulated on the internet via peer-to-peer sharing websites, which quickly became notorious for its notable use of Engrish, like the translation of Darth Vader's line "Nooo!" rendered as "Do not want". About a decade after the release of the bootleg, a fandub matching its subtitles was posted on YouTube.[215][216]
Steamed Hams - A clip from the season seven episode of The Simpsons, 22 Short Films About Springfield, gained popularity with many remixes and edits to the Skinner and The Superintendent segment.[217]
Take This Lollipop (2011) is an interactive horror short film and Facebook app, written and directed by Jason Zada to personalize and underscore the dangers inherent in posting too much personal information about oneself on the Internet. Information gathered from a viewer's Facebook profile by the film's app, used once and then deleted, makes the film different for each viewer.[218][219][220]
The Three Bears (1939) is an animated short film made by Terrytoons based on the story Goldilocks and the Three Bears. One of the scenes from the short depicting Papa Bear saying "Somebody toucha my spaghet!" in a stereotypical thick Italian accent became an internet meme in December 2017.[221]

Gaming

"The cake is a lie", based on the false promise of a Black Forest cake as a reward, is popularized from the video game series Portal.

Actor Kevin Bacon is the centerpiece of the game Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon.

"All your base are belong to us" – Badly translated English from the opening cutscene of the European Mega Drive version of the 1989 arcade game Zero Wing, which has become a catchphrase, inspiring videos and other derivative works.[222]
Bowsette – A fan-made depiction of the Super Mario character Bowser using Toadette's Super Crown power-up from the Nintendo Switch title New Super Mario Bros. U Deluxe to transform into a lookalike of Princess Peach. The character became popular following a four-panel webcomic posted by a user on Twitter and DeviantArt in September 2018.[223]
But can it run Crysis? – A question often asked by PC gaming and hardware enthusiasts. When released in 2007, Crysis was extremely taxing on computer hardware, with even the most advanced consumer graphics cards of the time unable to provide satisfactory frame rates when the game was played on its maximum graphical settings.[224] As a result, this question is asked as a way of judging a certain computer's capability at gaming.
Can it run Doom? – A common joke question with any hardware that has a CPU. It has even gotten to the point where people are developing source ports of the game to unconventional hardware such as a Canon printer, the Commodore VIC-20, the Smart Bar on the 2016 MacBook Pro, a smart fridge, an ATM, and the game itself among other things.[225][226][227]
Doomguy and Isabelle – The pairing of Isabelle from the Animal Crossing video game series and Doomguy from the Doom franchise due to the shared release date of Animal Crossing: New Horizons and Doom Eternal.[228]
Flappy Bird – a free-to-play casual mobile game released on the iOS App Store on 24 May 2013, and on Google Play on 30 January 2014, by indie mobile app developer Dong Nguyen. The game began rapidly rising in popularity in late-December 2013 to January 2014 with up to 50 million downloads by 5 February. On 9 February, Nguyen removed the game from the mobile app stores citing negative effects of the game's success on his health and its addictiveness to players. Following the game's removal from the app stores, numerous clones and derivatives of the game were released with varying similarities to the original game.[229][230]
I Love Bees – An alternate reality game that was spread virally after a one-second mention inside a Halo 2 advertisement. Purported to be a website about Honey Bees that was infected and damaged by a strange Artificial Intelligence, done in a disjointed, chaotic style resembling a crashing computer. At its height, over 500,000 people were checking the website every time it updated.[231]
"I Took An Arrow in the Knee" – City guards in The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim repeat the line: "I used to be an adventurer like you, then I took an arrow in the knee". The latter part of this phrase quickly took off as a catchphrase and a snowclone in the form of "I used to X, but then I took an arrow in the knee" with numerous image macros and video parodies created.[232][233][234] It was mentioned in an episode of NCIS.[235]
Leeroy Jenkins – A World of Warcraft player charges into a high-level dungeon with a distinctive cry of "Leeeeeeeerooooy... Jeeenkins!", ruining the meticulous attack plans of his group and getting them all killed.[236]
Let's Play – Videos created by video game players that add their commentary and typically humorous reactions atop them playing through a video game. These videos have created a number of Internet celebrities who have made significant money through ad revenue sharing, such as PewDiePie who earned over $12 million from his videos in 2015.[237][238]
Line Rider – A Flash game where the player draws lines that act as ramps and hills for a small rider on a sled.[239]
Mafia City – A mobile game that has become infamous for its odd advertising involving a person drastically increasing their stats for doing various mob-related activities, and for the phrase "That's how mafia works".[240]
Portal/Portal 2 – The popular video games Portal and its sequel, both written with black humor undertones, introduced several Internet memes, including the phrase "the cake is a lie",[241] and the space-obsessed "Space Core" character.[242]

QWOP's title refers to the four keyboard keys used to move the muscles of the sprinter avatar

QWOP – A browser based game requiring the player to control a sprint runner by using the Q, W, O, and P keys to control the runner's limbs. The game is notoriously difficult to control, typically leaving the runner character flailing about. The concept developed into memes based on the game, as well as describing real-life mishaps as attributable to QWOP.[243]
Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon – A trivia/parlor game based around linking an actor to Kevin Bacon through a chain of co-starring actors in films, television, and other productions, with the hypothesis that no actor was more than six connections away from Bacon, similar to the theory of six degrees of separation or the Erdős number in mathematics. The game was created in 1994, just at the start of the wider spread of Internet use, populated further with the creation of movie database sites like IMDb, and since has become a board game and contributed towards the field of network science.[244][245][246]
Sonic the Hedgehog – A video game series created by Sega that has spawned multiple memes, such as Sanic, a purposely misdrawn Sonic that has been referenced by Sega themselves, and used in merchandise;[247] "Sonic says '__________'", a "shitpost meme" where Sonic (or any other character) says something Sega wouldn't have him say (e.g. "Sonic Says 'If your profile picture is from an anime, your opinion is invalid.'"); and "Ugandan Knuckles," a meme that gained high popularity thanks to the social game VRChat, where players with a crude Knuckles model asked other players if they "knew da wae" ("know the way"), who their "queen" was, clicking their tongue, and spitting repeatedly.[248][249]
Surgeon Simulator 2013 – An absurd, unrealistic surgical simulation game with game play consisting of the player attempting to perform various surgical procedures, either in an operating room or an ambulance, using difficult controls similar to those of the game QWOP. Initially created by Bossa Studios in a 48-hour period for the 2013 Global Game Jam and released in January 2013, the game was further developed and later released as a full version via Steam in April 2013.[250][251]
Surprised Pikachu – An image of the Pokémon Pikachu with a blank look and an open mouth. It is used as a reaction image to show either shock or lack therof.[252][253]
Twitch Plays Pokémon – An "experiment" and channel created by an anonymous user on the Twitch live streaming video site in February 2014. Logged-in viewers to the channel can enter commands corresponding to the physical inputs used in the JRPG video game Pokémon Red into the chat window, which are collected and parsed by a chat software robot that uses the commands to control the main character in the game, which is then live-streamed from the channel. The stream attracted more than 80,000 simultaneous players with over 10 million views with a week of going live, creating a chaotic series of movements and actions within the game and a number of original memes and derivative fan art. The combination has been called an entertainment hybrid of "a video game, live video and a participatory experience," which has inspired similar versions for other games.[254][255]
U R MR GAY – a message allegedly hidden in the Super Mario Galaxy box art, which appears when each letter not decorated with a star is removed from the art. It was first noticed by a NeoGAF poster in September 2007. Video game journalists have debated as to whether the message was placed on purpose or was simply a humorous coincidence.[256][257]
Untitled Goose Game – A 2019 video game developed by Australian game studio House House, in which the player controls a goose causing mischief in an English village. An early teaser for the game in 2017 led to strong interest in the title, and on release, the game quickly became an Internet meme.[258][259]

Images

Babylonokia

A Lolcat

U.S. President Barack Obama jokingly mimics the "McKayla is not impressed" expression in the Oval Office, November 2012.

Tron Guy

Baby mugging and Baby suiting: MommyShorts blogger Ilana Wiles began posting pictures of babies in mugs, and later adult business suits, both of which led to numerous others doing the same.[260][261][262]
Baby Yoda: The popularity of the TV series The Mandalorian led to many memes of the "Baby Yoda" character.[263][264]
Babylonokia is a clay tablet shaped like a mobile phone. Fringe scientists and alternative archaeology proponents subsequently misrepresented a photograph of the artwork as showing an 800-year-old archaeological find; that story was popularised in a video on the YouTube channel Paranormal Crucible and led to the object being reported by some press sources as a mystery.[265]
Bert is Evil: A satirical website stated that Bert of Sesame Street is the root of many evils. A juxtaposition of Bert and Osama Bin Laden subsequently appeared in a real poster in a Bangladesh protest.[266][267]
Blue waffle: An Internet hoax originating in 2010 purporting an unknown sexually transmitted disease affecting only women, causing severe infection and blue discoloration to the vagina. The disease has been confirmed as false.[268][269] Kathy McBride, a New Jersey councilwoman, cited it in a city council meeting, not realizing that it was a hoax.[270][271]
#BreakTheInternet: The November 2014 issue of Paper included a cover image of Kim Kardashian in a partially nude pose, exposing her buttocks, taken by photographer Jean-Paul Goude, with the caption "#breaktheinternet", as the magazine desired to set a record in social media response from it. Several other photos from the shoot were also released, including one that mimicked one that Goude took for his book Jungle Fever involving a "campaign incident". Paper's campaign set a record for hits for their site, and the photographs became part of Internet memes.[272][273]
Brian Peppers: In 2005, a photo surfaced of a man named Brian Peppers, noted for his appearance, which suggests Apert syndrome or Crouzon syndrome. Found on the Ohio sex offender registry website, the photo gained traction after being shared on website YTMND. Peppers died in 2012 at the age of 43.[274]
Crasher Squirrel: A photograph by Melissa Brandts of a squirrel which popped up into a timer-delayed shot of Brandts and her husband while vacationing in Banff National Park, Canada, just as the camera went off. The image of the squirrel has since been added into numerous images on the Internet.[275][276][277]
Cursed images: Images (usually photographs) that are perceived as odd or disturbing due to their content, poor quality or both.[278]
Dat Boi: An animated GIF of a unicycling frog associated with the text "here come dat boi!" that began on Tumblr in 2015 before gaining popularity on Twitter in 2016.[279][280][281][282]
Distracted boyfriend meme: A stock photograph taken in 2015 which went viral as an Internet meme in August 2017.[283]
Dog shaming: Originating on Tumblr, these images feature images of dogs photographed with signs explaining what antics they recently got up to.[284]
Doge: Images of dogs, typically of the Shiba Inus, overlaid with simple but poor grammatical expressions, typically in the Comic Sans MS font, gaining popularity in late 2013.[285] The meme saw an ironic resurgence towards the end of the decade,[286] and was recognised by multiple media outlets as one of the most influential memes of the 2010s.[287][288] The meme has also spawned Dogecoin, a form of cryptocurrency.[289]
The Dress: An image of a dress posted to Tumblr that, due to how the photograph was taken, created an optical illusion where the dress would either appear white and gold, or blue and black. Within 48 hours, the post gained over 400,000 notes and was later featured on many different websites.[290][291]
Ecce Homo / Ecce Mono / Potato Jesus: An attempt in August 2012 by a local woman to restore Elías García Martínez's aging fresco of Jesus in Borja, Spain led to a botched, amateurish, monkey-looking image, leading to several image-based memes.[292][293]
Every time you masturbate... God kills a kitten: An image featuring a kitten being chased by two Domos, and has the tagline "Please, think of the kittens".[294]
Goatse.cx: A shock image of a distended anus.[295]
Grumpy Cat: A cat named Tardar Sauce that appears to have a permanent scowl on her face due to feline dwarfism, according to its owner. Pictures of the cat circulated the Internet, leading it to win the 2013 Webby for Meme of the Year, and her popularity has led her to star in a feature film.[296] Tardar Sauce died on May 14, 2019.[297]
Hide the Pain Harold: A Hungarian electrical engineer named András Arató became a meme after posing for stock photos on the websites iWiW and Dreamstime. He initially wasn't very satisfied with his popularity, but has grown to accept it. He realized he did similar things when he was younger such as drawing on Hungarian poet John Arany's portraits, making him look like a pirate. The meme depicts photos of Arató smiling, while viewers believe the smile masks serious sorrow and pain, hence the name "Hide the Pain Harold".[298]
Islamic Rage Boy: A series of photos of Shakeel Bhat, a Muslim activist whose face became a personification of angry Islamism in the western media. The first photo dates back to his appearance in 2007 at a rally in Srinigar, the capital of Indian-administered Kashmir. Several other photos in other media outlets followed, and by November 2007, there were over one million hits for "Islamic Rage Boy" on Google and his face appeared on boxer shorts and bumper stickers.[299]
Keep Calm and Carry On: A phrasal template or snowclone that was originally a motivational poster produced by the UK government in 1939 intended to raise public morale. It was rediscovered in 2000, became increasingly used during the 2009 global recession, and has spawned various parodies and imitations.[300][301]
Little Fatty: Starting in 2003, the face of Qian Zhijun, a student from Shanghai, was superimposed onto various other images.[302][303]
Lolcat: A collection of humorous image macros featuring cats with misspelled phrases, such as "I Can Has Cheezburger?".[304] The earliest versions of LOLcats appeared on 4chan, usually on Saturdays, which were designated "Caturday", as a day to post photos of cats.[305]
McKayla is not impressed: A Tumblr blog that went viral after taking an image of McKayla Maroney, the American gymnast who won the silver medal in the vault at the 2012 Summer Olympics, on the medal podium with a disappointed look on her face, and photoshopping it into various "impressive" places and situations, e.g. on top of the Great Wall of China and standing next to Usain Bolt.[306][307][308]
Nimoy Sunset Pie: A Tumblr blog that posted mashups combining American actor Leonard Nimoy, sunsets, and pie.[309][310][311][312][313][314]
O RLY?: Originally a text phrase on Something Awful, and then an image macro done for 4chan. Based around a picture of a snowy owl.[315]
Oolong: Photos featured on a popular Japanese website of a rabbit that is famous for its ability to balance a variety of objects on its head.[316]
Pepe the Frog: A cartoon frog character from a 2005 web cartoon became widely used on 4chan in 2008, often with the phrase "feels good man".[317][318][319][320][321] In 2015, the New Zealand government accepted proposals for a new national flag and a flag with Pepe was submitted.[322][323][324]
Seriously McDonalds: A photograph apparently showing racist policies introduced by McDonald's. The photograph, which is a hoax, went viral, especially on Twitter, in June 2011.[325]
Success Kid: An image of a baby who is clenching his fist while featuring a determined look on his face.[326]
Trash Doves: A sticker set of a purple bird for iOS, Facebook messenger, Facebook comments, and other messaging apps created by Syd Weiler. The animated headbanging pigeon from the sticker set started to go viral in Thailand[327] and it became globally viral on social media.[328][329][330][331][332][333]
Tron Guy: Jay Maynard, a computer consultant, designed a Tron costume, complete with skin-tight spandex and light-up plastic armor, in 2003 for Penguicon 1.0 in Detroit, Michigan. The Internet phenomenon began when an article was posted to Slashdot, followed by Fark, including images of this costume.[334]
Vancouver Riot Kiss: An image of a young couple lying on the ground kissing each other behind a group of rioters during the riots following the Vancouver Canucks' Stanley Cup loss to the Boston Bruins on 15 June 2011. The couple, later identified as Australian Scott Jones and local resident Alexandra Thomas, actually were not kissing but Jones was consoling Thomas after being knocked down by a police charge.[335]
Woman yelling at a cat: Also known as the Cat Meme, it consists of a screenshot of the members of the television show The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills Taylor Armstrong and Kylie Richards (showing Armstrong shouting and pointing with the finger), followed by a photo of a confused cat (identified as Smudge) sitting behind a table with food. The meme emerged in mid-2019, when Twitter users joined the photos and included texts that looked like a mockery of the cat to the angry woman.[336][337]
"You are not immune to propaganda.": A glitch art representation of Garfield, with the caption "You are not immune to propaganda" surrounding it.[338]

Music

People

Salt Bae – Turkish chef and restaurateur Nusret Gökçe earned fame in 2017 for his camera-friendly approach to preparing and seasoning meat, including a video in 2017 which he sprinkles salt, sparkling in the sunlight, onto a steak.[339][340] Gökçe's approach has been compared to dinner theater, in that his actual finished product is secondary to the performance.[341]

Politics

Amber Lee Ettinger, a.k.a. "Obama Girl"

Arrest of Vladimir Putin – A viral video showing mock arrest of Vladimir Putin and his trial.[342][343]
Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney – A fictitious rap battle between 2012 election candidates Barack Obama and Mitt Romney. As of August 2017, the video has over 130 million views.[344]
Bernie or Hillary? – a political poster that pits American politicians Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders as opponents.[345][346][347]
Joe Biden – There are numerous iterations of former Vice President of the United States Joe Biden as a meme.[348] The portrayal of Biden in The Onion was popular on the Internet and influenced other memes about him, as well as his broader public image.[349][350] After Donald Trump won the 2016 U.S. presidential election, images of Biden as the "Biden Bro" or "Prankster Joe Biden" began circulating online. In these memes, Biden was paired with Barack Obama and captioned with various fictional conversations planning pranks and jokes on the president-elect. Biden is portrayed as the immature prankster of the duo, with Obama as his exasperated straight man.[351]
Bush shoeing incident – During a press conference in 2008, Muntadhar al-Zaidi threw both of his shoes at then-president George W. Bush. Afterwards, various flash based browser games and gifs were created to poke fun of the incident.[352]
Crush on Obama – A music video by Amber Lee Ettinger that circulated during the 2008 US presidential election. As well as its sequels, the video caught the attention of bloggers, mainstream media, and other candidates, and achieved 12.5 million views on YouTube by 1 January 2009.[353]
Dean scream – Former Governor of Vermont Howard Dean's concession speech following the 2004 New Hampshire Democratic primaries included Dean rattling off a list of states in escalating volume as crowd noise rose, resulting an increasingly distorted audio and culminating in an unusual "yeehaw" sort of punctuating scream. It was one of the first political Internet memes.[354]
Delete your account – A phrase used on Twitter to criticize the opinions of opponents. On 9 June 2016, Hillary Clinton tweeted this phrase towards Donald Trump. Afterwards, the tweet has become her most retweeted tweet of all time.[355][356][357]
Don't Tase Me, Bro! – An incident at a campus talk by Senator John Kerry where a student yelled his now-infamous phrase while being restrained by police.[358]
Eastwooding – After Clint Eastwood's speech at the 2012 Republican National Convention, in which he spoke to an empty chair representing President Barack Obama, photos were posted by users on the Internet of people talking to empty chairs, with various captions referring to the chair as either Obama or Eastwood.[359][360][361]
Epstein didn't kill himself, a bait-and-switch joke originating on the app iFunny in October 2019,[362] two months after his death in August. Many memes alleged involvement of Donald Trump, Hillary Clinton, or other notable figures.[363] The meme saw mainstream populatity in late 2019, being unexpectedly snuck into cable news interviews by guests such as on FOX News and MSNBC.[364]
Forest raking—After U.S. President's Donald Trump's comments that Finland spent "a lot of time on raking and cleaning its forest floor", Finnish people began circulating satirical images of themselves raking the forests to stop wildfires.[365]
Jesusland map – A map created shortly after the 2004 U.S. presidential election that satirizes the red/blue states scheme by dividing the United States and Canada into "The United States of Canada" and "Jesusland".[366]
Kekistan - a fictional country created by 4chan members that has become a political meme and online movement used notably by the alt-right.[367]
Miss Me Yet? – inspired a series of themed merchandise from online agencies such as CafePress.[368]
Series of tubes – A phrase coined originally as an analogy by then-United States Senator Ted Stevens to describe the Internet in the context of opposing network neutrality. His statement was later remixed on YouTube and YTMND.[369][370]
Strong – A political advertisement issued by Texas Governor Rick Perry presidential campaign in December 2011 for the 2012 Republican Party presidential primaries. On the Internet, the video was parodied[371] and became one of the most disliked videos on YouTube.[372]
Ted Cruz–Zodiac meme – a mock conspiracy theory suggesting that American Senator and Presidential candidate Ted Cruz was the Zodiac Killer, an unidentified Californian serial killer of the late 1960s and early 1970s.[373]
Thanks Obama – A sarcastic expression used by critics of President Barack Obama to blame personal troubles and inconveniences on public policies supported or enacted by the administration.[374]
This Land – Flash animation produced by JibJab featuring cartoon faces of George W. Bush and John Kerry singing a parody of "This Land is Your Land" that spoofs the 2004 United States presidential election. The video became a viral hit and viewed by over 100 million, leading to the production of other JibJab hits, including Good to be in D.C. and Big Box Mart.[375]

Videos

Other phenomena

"And I oop" – a video of drag queen Jasmine Masters stopping a story to say the phrase "and I oop" after accidentally hitting himself in the testes.[376]
April the Giraffe – a reticulated giraffe who had two of her live births streamed on the Internet to much fanfare.[377]
Ben Drowned – A self-published three-part multimedia ARG web serial and web series inspired by creepypasta and The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask, created by Alexander D. Hall.[378]
Cats on the Internet – images of cats are very popular on the Internet, and have seen extensive use in Internet memes, as well as some cats becoming Internet celebrities.[379][380][381]
Chuck Norris facts – satirical factoids about martial artist and actor Chuck Norris that became popular culture after spreading through the Internet.[382]
Creepypasta – urban legends or scary stories circulating on the Internet, many times revolving around specific videos, pictures or video games.[383] The term "creepypasta" is a mutation of the term "copypasta": a short, readily available piece of text that is easily copied and pasted into a text field. "Copypasta" is derived from "copy/paste", and in its original sense commonly referred to presumably initially sincere text (e.g. a blog or forum post) perceived by the copy/paster as undesirable or otherwise preposterous, which was then copied and pasted to other sites as a form of trolling. In the pre-Internet era, such material regularly circulated as faxlore.
DashCon Ball Pit – A convention held in July 2014 by users of Tumblr that "imploded" due to a number of financial difficulties and low turnout. During the convention, a portable ball pit was brought into a large empty room, and for some premium panels that were cancelled, the attendees were offered an extra hour in the ball pit as compensation. The implosion and absurdity of aspects like the ball pit quickly spread through social media.[384]
Dicks out for Harambe – A slogan that was popularized months after the death of Harambe the Gorilla, which ironically told individuals to expose their penises in public in honor of the gorilla. The line was notably uttered by actor Danny Trejo.[385][386]
Dumb Ways to Die – A 2012 Metro Trains Melbourne safety campaign that became popular on the Internet in November 2012.[387]
Florida Man – Crimes involving bizarre behavior, perpetrated by men from the state of Florida.[388][389][390]
Freecycling – The exchange of unwanted goods via the Internet.[391]
Gabe the dog - Gabe is a miniature American Eskimo dog owned by YouTube user gravycp. In January 2013, gravycp uploaded a short video of Gabe barking. The footage itself never went viral though it was used in dozens of song remixes, some of which accrued up to half a million views.[392]
Horse ebooks / Pronunciation Book – A five-year-long viral marketing alternate reality game for a larger art project developed by Synydyne. "Horse_ebooks" was a Twitter account that seemed to promote e-books, while "Pronunciation Book" was a YouTube channel that provided ways to pronounce English words. Both accounts engaged in non-sequiturs, making some believe that the accounts were run by automated services. Pronunciation Book shifted to pronouncing numerals in a countdown fashion in mid-2013, concluding in late September 2013 revealing the connection to Horse_ebook and identity of Synydyne behind the accounts, and the introduction of their next art project.[393][394]
I am lonely will anyone speak to me – A thread created on MovieCodec.com's forums, which has been described as the "Web's Top Hangout for Lonely Folk" by Wired magazine.[395]
Ligma - A fictitious disease first attributed with the false death of Fortnite streamer Ninja. It is said to be transmitted whenever someone asks what the disease is, with the answer being "ligma balls" ("lick my balls"), ligma nuts ("lick my nuts"), or something of that nature.[396]

The paperclip that Kyle MacDonald converted into a house, after 14 trade-ups

Netflix and chill – An English language slang term using an invitation to watch Netflix together as a euphemism for sex, either between partners or casually as a booty call. The phrase has been popularized through the Internet.[397][398]
One red paperclip – The story of a Canadian blogger who bartered his way from a red paperclip to a house in a year's time.[399]
SCP Foundation is a creative writing website that contains thousands of fictitious containment procedures for paranormal objects captured by the in-universe SCP Foundation, a secret organization tasked with securing and documenting objects that violate natural law.[400][401] The website has inspired numerous spin-off works, including a stage play and video games such as SCP – Containment Breach.[401][402]
Steak and Blowjob Day, a meme suggesting that a complementary holiday to Valentine's Day, primarily for men, takes place on March 14 each year.[403]
Storm Area 51 - A joke event created on Facebook to "storm" the highly classified Area 51 military base, with over 1,700,000 people claiming to be attending and another 1,300,000 claiming they were "interested" in going.[404] (1,500 people arrived in the vicinity of Area 51 the day of the event, only one of whom actually breached the boundary and was quickly escorted off the premises.)[405][406]
Slender Man or Slenderman is a creepypasta meme and urban-legend fakelore tale created on 8 June 2009 by user Victor Surge on Something Awful as part of a contest to edit photographs to contain "supernatural" entities and then pass them off as legitimate on paranormal forums. The Slender Man gained prominence as a frightening malevolent entity: a tall thin man wearing a suit and lacking a face with "his" head only being blank, white, and featureless. After the initial creation, numerous stories and videos were created by fans of the character.[191][193] Slender Man was later adapted into a video game in 2012 and became more widely known. There is also a film released in 2018 to negative reviews.
The Million Dollar Homepage is a website conceived in 2005 by Alex Tew, a student from Wiltshire, England, to raise money for his university education. The home page consists of a million pixels arranged in a 1000 × 1000 pixel grid; the image-based links on it were sold for $1 per pixel in 10 × 10 blocks. [407]
Three Wolf Moon – A t-shirt with many ironic reviews on Amazon.[408]
Throwback Thursday The trend of posting older, nostalgic photos on Thursdays under the hashtag #ThrowbackThursday or #TBT.[409]
The Undertaker vs. Mankind a copypasta where at the end of a comment of an irrelevant topic, the event is referenced.[410]
Vuvuzelas – The near-constant playing of the buzz-sounding vuvuzela instrument during games of the 2010 World Cup in South Africa led to numerous vuvuzela-based memes, including YouTube temporarily adding a vuvuzela effect that could be added to any video during the World Cup.[411][412]
Yanny or Laurel – An audio illusion where individuals hear either the word "Yanny" or "Laurel".[413]
YouTube Poop – Video mashups in which users deconstruct and piece together video for psychedelic or absurdist effect.[414]

gollark: BBSes are just older worse fora.

gollark: Nobody would use it, and I don't mean GNU/Nobody.

gollark: A forum, you mean? No.

gollark: Add what to?

gollark: Soon PotatOS Hypercycle™ will be deployed.

References

Bissonnette, Zac (March 2015). "The $12-per-hour Sociology Major Who Made Ty Warner a Billionaire". The Great Beanie Baby Bubble: Mass Delusion and the Dark Side of Cute. Penguin Books. pp. 107–121. ISBN 978-1591846024.
Kravets, David (5 November 2010). "Cooks Source Copyright Infringement Becomes an Internet Meme". Wired. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
Roberts, Caroline (24 December 2006). "Go Elf Yourself!". Bostonist. Archived from the original on 3 November 2015. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
Aditham, Kiran (26 August 2008). "Jason Zada Leaves EVB". Creativity Magazine. Archived from the original on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
Othmer, James P. (2009). Adland. Volume 48, Developments in biological standardization. Random House Digital, Inc. pp. 243–250. ISBN 978-0385524964. Retrieved 10 July 2013.
Quenqua, Douglas (19 November 2009). "OfficeMax Adds Social Element to Elf Yourself 2009". ClickZ. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
Aarons, Chris; Nelson, Geoff; White, Nick (2011). Social Media Judo. Dog Ear Publishing. pp. 146–156. ISBN 978-1608448852.
Popkin, Helen A. S. (7 August 2008). "Sing it, FreeCreditReport.com guy!". NBC News. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
Howard, Theresa (31 July 2006). "Headache commercial hits parody circuit, well, HeadOn". USA Today. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
Belsie, Laurent (7 February 2011). "Darth Vader Super Bowl commercial: What happens to child stars in ads?". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
"Super Bowl XLVII: An Event of Epic Proportions". National Football League. 25 January 2013. Retrieved 25 January 2013.
Stone, Brad (18 January 2007). "Don't Like the Dancing Cowboys? Results Say You Do". New York Times. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
Gomes, Lee (9 May 2007). "As Web Ads Grow, Sites Get Trickier About Targeting You". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
Saint, Nick (16 July 2010). "How "Old Spice Guy" Took The Internet By Storm". Business Insider. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
Sheffield, Matthew (25 October 2016). "Meet Moon Man: The alt-right's racist rap sensation, borrowed from 1980s McDonald's ads". Salon.
Harvey, Shannon (3 January 2012). "Ad men thrive on Chuck take". The West Australian. Archived from the original on 7 July 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
Johnson, Bailey (20 September 2011). "No, Chuck Testa, thank you". CBS. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
Koman, Tess (9 June 2015). "Would You Send Your Enemies a Potato With a Mean Message?". Cosmopolitan. Hearst. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
Robertson, Lindsey (18 August 2015). "Who knew mailing personalized potatoes could rake in so much cash?". Mashable. Mashable.com. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
Whitten, Sarah (19 August 2015). "This guy makes $10,000 a month shipping potatoes". CNBC. CNBC LLC. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
Plemmons, Mark. "Jeff Gordon Pepsi Max test drive video shot in Concord goes viral". Independent Tribune. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
Pennell, Jay (27 February 2014). "Test drive 2: Jeff Gordon takes reporter for wild ride". Foxsports.com. Archived from the original on 27 February 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
Suprak, Nikola (21 December 2014). "EB Games' Rivals Commercial is a Thing of Terrible Beauty". Hardcore Gamer. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
Roberts, Tom (7 August 2009). "Viral Video Chart: Mattress dominoes and the weirdest divorce hearing ever". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
Miller, Claire Cain (26 September 2010). "To Fix Bad Breath, a Gadget Seen on YouTube". New York Times. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
O'Brien, Luke (12 January 2011). "Inside Xtranormal's Budding Do-It-Yourself Movie Empire". Fast Company. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
Gamerman, Ellen (11 February 2011). "Animation Nation". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
Reppel, Shauna (26 August 2006). "Copy, paste, animate Pop culture crudely skewered in animutation". Toronto Star. p. H3.
Mieszkowski, Katharine; Standen, Amy (26 April 2001). "All hail Neil Cicierega". Salon. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
Hepola, Sarah (25 January 2002). "Mutant Genius". Austin Chronicle. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
Carissimo, Justin (29 July 2016). "Arthur memes have officially taken over the Internet". Retrieved 30 July 2016.
Finley, Taryn (29 July 2016). "These Funny As Hell Arthur Memes Will Have You Doubled Over Laughing". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
Barry, Dave (1997). Dave Barry in Cyberspace. Fawcett Columbine. p. 155. ISBN 9780449912300.
Garling, Caleb (7 February 2011). "Axe Cop Fan Video Brings Outlandish Webcomic to Life". Wired. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
Doctorow, Cory (17 January 2012). "Axe Cop: insane comic collaboration between 5 year old and his 29 year old brother". Boing Boing. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
Goldberg, Lesley (24 April 2012). "Fox Adapting Web Comic 'Axe Cop' for Saturday Animation Block". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
Silverman, Dwight (14 February 2004). "Youth culture finding unity with online animations". Chron. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
Staley, Willy (14 January 2019). "All the President's Memes". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
"Big Chungus Is The Last Great Meme Of 2018". The Daily Dot. 28 December 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
Feldman, Brian. "The Bongo Cat Meme Is Our Light in the Darkness". Select All. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
"Bongo Cat is now so much more than a cat playing the bongos - Independent.ie". Independent.ie. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
【トレビアン動画】アキバでも垂れ流し!! 中毒動画『ｳｯｰｳｯｰｳﾏｳﾏ(ﾟ∀ﾟ)』 (in Japanese). livedoor news. 11 February 2008. Retrieved 28 January 2009.
腰クネクネ謎のダンス「ウマウマ」大流行の兆し (in Japanese). livedoor news. 8 March 2008. Retrieved 28 January 2009.
"「ウッーウッーウマウマ(ﾟ∀ﾟ)」がCD化販売中止のトランスアルバムが新装復活" (in Japanese). ITmedia. 25 February 2008. Retrieved 28 January 2009.
"Cultural touchstones courtesy of YouTube". The Virginian-Pilot. 21 April 2009. Retrieved 30 May 2008.
McNamara, Paul (16 June 1997). "Baby talk: This twisting tot is all the rage on the 'Net". Network World. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
Kleeman, Sophie (17 November 2015). "12 Years Later, Here's What Happened to the Viral Mastermind Behind 'The End of the World'". Retrieved 24 June 2017.
Covucci, David (20 January 2017). "Hokay, so: What does the creator of 'The End of the World' think about Trump?". The Daily Dot. Retrieved 24 June 2017.
Hern, Alex (30 January 2015). "Flash is dead, and YouTube dealt the killing blow". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 June 2017.
G4 official website, the HTF TV series main channel
Dean, Kari Lynn (23 June 2003). "HomestarRunner Hits a Homer". Wired Magazine. Archived from the original on 13 February 2010. Retrieved 3 February 2010.
Hooton, Christopher. "Death Note trailer: Netflix manga-adapted film centres on teen in control of who lives and dies". The Independent. Independent Digital News & Media. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
Allen, Jamie (15 May 2000). "Shorts move from film-class project to big time on Web". CNN. Archived from the original on 17 June 2013.
Gunn, Angela (24 August 1999). "Gerbil in a Microwave". The Village Voice. Retrieved 23 March 2009.
The Frog in a Blender and Gerbil In A Microwave, Flash animations on joecartoon.com are both credited: " 1999 The Joe Cartoon co."
Morrison, Bruce (21 November 2003). "Internet cartoons represent the best non-porn content on web". TheTigerNews.com. Archived from the original on 5 February 2009. Retrieved 23 March 2009.
Werman, Marco (18 August 2006). "Global Hit" (radio). The World. Public Radio International. Retrieved 18 August 2006.
"Web Search interest: Loituma, folk music - Worldwide, 2004 - present". Google Trends. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
"Як цуп цоп". lurkmore.to. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Wei, William (3 May 2011). "TOP VIRAL VIDEOS OF APRIL: What's A "Nyan Cat"?". The San Francisco Chronicle.
Oleksiak, Wojciech. "Polandball – A Case Study". Culture.pl. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
Mosendz, Polly (14 March 2016). "How an Internet Cat Craze Became a Toy Empire". Bloomberg Business News. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
Belton, Claire (29 October 2013). I am Pusheen the Cat. ISBN 978-1476747019.
Boutin, Paul (9 May 2012). "Put Your Rage Into a Cartoon and Exit Laughing". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
Gaudino, Elena (18 January 2010). "'Salad Fingers Stream Of Consciousness Entertains Viewers". The Daily Campus. Archived from the original on 12 March 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
Rodriguez, Krystal (2 June 2016). "Is Simpsonwave a Real Thing?". Thump. Vice Media. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
Gregoris, Michael (9 November 2007). "The evolution of South Park". www.gazette.uwo.ca. Archived from the original on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 9 August 2009.
Ressner, Jeffrey & Collins, James (23 March 1998). "Gross And Grosser". Time. Retrieved 28 April 2009.
Rogers, Katie (6 August 2016). "Why 'This Is Fine' Is the Meme This Year Deserves". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
Rempel, Shauna (26 August 2006). "Copy, paste, animate". Toronto Star. Retrieved 23 March 2009.
Radulovic, Petrana (28 January 2019). "Powerful Shaggy: an investigation". Polygon. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
Anderson, Sage. "Shaggy from 'Scooby Doo' has extreme powers in this new meme". Mashable. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
Asarch, Steven (29 January 2019). "Could Shaggy from Scooby Doo end up in 'Mortal Kombat'?". Newsweek. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
"Weebl And Bob". Television Tropes & Idioms. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
Cohen, Noah (19 April 2009). "When Pixels Find New Life on Real Paper". New York Times. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
Glenn, Joshua (6 January 2008). "Questioning authority, one sticker at a time". Boston Globe. Archived from the original on 5 November 2012.
Tossell, Ivar (23 October 2008). "Nerd humour hits it big". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
"Social media challenge approaching social moral concern – PCC Courier". pcccourier.com. Archived from the original on 26 June 2015.
"'Dr. Food Science' mixes bananas and Sprite, conducts other questionable food experiments". Joplin Globe.
Andriani, Ria (7 January 2019). "Bird Box Challenge: why blindfolding yourself and walking into walls is even more stupid than it sounds". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
Philips, Kristine (13 January 2019). "Driving blindfolded for the 'Bird Box challenge?' Just don't, officials say". The Washington Post. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
Express News Service (11 September 2014). "Book Bucket Challenge Popular on Social media". The Indian Express.
"Book Bucket, the latest fad among city slickers". The Times of India. 6 September 2014.
Kuperinsky, Amy (1 July 2019). "What is the Bottle Cap Challenge? Jason Statham, Conor McGregor, John Mayer and more try Instagram trend". nj.com. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
"What is the Bottle Cap Challenge? Jason Statham and John Mayer join the latest viral challenge". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
"Cameron Boyce's Family Confirms He Suffered From Epilepsy". E! Online. 9 July 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
"Cameron Boyce fans call out disgusting new challenge which makes fun of his death". PopBuzz. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
"#CharlieCharlieChallenge: Why people are trying to talk to demons". BBC. 25 May 2015. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
Gollayan, Christian (1 March 2019). "Why people are throwing cheese at babies". New York Post. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
"'Cheesed Challenge' Has Parents Hurling Slices of Cheese at Their Kids". Inside Edition. 5 March 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
Healy, Melissa (28 March 2012). "Teens' 'cinnamon challenge': Dangerous, not innocent". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 28 March 2013.
Shipman, Dustin (29 April 2008). "'Dr. Food Science' mixes bananas and Sprite, conducts other questionable food experiments". The Joplin Globe. Archived from the original on 16 December 2012. Retrieved 22 October 2009.
Huget, Jennifer LaRue (5 April 2010). "Swallowing cinnamon by the spoonful". voices.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
Waxman, Matthew (25 August 2005). "Milking the situation: To support Florida batboy, I try other food challenges". sportsillustrated.cnn.com. Archived from the original on 25 April 2006. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
""Cinnamon challenge" dangerous to lungs, new report warns". CBS. 22 April 2013. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
Alvarez, Alex (17 April 2013). "Condom Challenge Videos On YouTube a Bad Idea". ABC News. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
Greenberg, Molly (18 April 2013). "Teen Condom Snorting Trend is Dangerous, Gross, Not Funny at All [VIDEO]". InTheCapital. Archived from the original on 23 August 2013. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
Jones, Harrison; Lees, Eleanor (24 March 2020). "Doctor warns innocent people will die if they do the 'coronavirus challenge'". METRO. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
Altaf, Daniel (27 March 2020). "Coronavirus Challenge: Influencer Who Licked Toilet Seat Gets Infected". PARHLO. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
"School warning: What parents need to know about the 'eraser challenge'". TODAY.com. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
""Eraser challenge" social media game dangerous to kids". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
"Colorado Fire Officials Warn About Teens Taking The 'Fire Challenge'". CBS Denver. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
"11-year-old boy set himself on fire in 'fire challenge' game | News – Home". Local10.com. 22 July 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
Smith, Jessica (9 March 2014). "Dangerous 'fire challenge' game spreads online". Wish-Tv. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
Emery, Sean (1 August 2014). "Santa Ana teen hospitalized after he takes the 'fire challenge'". Orange County Register. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
""Fire challenge" spreads to Rochester". whec.com. 8 February 2014. Archived from the original on 11 August 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
CBS/AP (2 August 2014). "California teen severely burned attempting "fire challenge"". CBS News. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
"Boy, 11, released from hospital after playing 'fire challenge' | News – Home". Local10.com. 22 July 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
"Matt Stonie beats Joey Chestnut to win Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest" ESPN. Retrieved 2015-08-29.
"A Governor Truly Tightens His Belt". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
"Eligibility – Food and Nutrition Service". usda.gov.
"Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)". Fns.usda.gov. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
Wetherbee, Brandon (29 March 2013). "Gallon Smash Prank Teens Charged By Fairfax County Police". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
"Teen Attempts 'Gallon Smashing' Prank In Grocery Store, Fails Miserably". The Huffington Post. 11 May 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
Lowrey, Annie (20 August 2014). "Why the Ice-Bucket Challenge Went Viral". New York Magazine. Retrieved 20 August 2014.
"Singer starts "I Will Survive" hand washing challenge". STLtoday.com. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
Moyer, Justin Wm. (21 April 2015). "Kylie Jenner Lip Challenge: The dangers of 'plumping that pout'". Washington Post. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
"Teens warn against giving Kylie Jenner lip challenge a shot". CBC.ca. 23 April 2015. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
"Football teams are stopping everything for the 'mannequin challenge'". Washington Post. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
John, Tara. "YouTube bans dangerous pranks and challenges". CNN. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
"TikTok's new challenge involving electric socket and penny is too dangerous to try". Hindustan Times. 22 January 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
World, Republic. "TikTok's viral 'outlet challenge' involving electric socket, penny cause fires". Republic World. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
Steinberg, Dan. "How a forgotten '90s dance hit made these Terps Internet famous". Washington Post. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
Ducey, Kenny. "The Running Man Challenge died too soon". www.si.com. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
Yap, Mae Yen (22 May 2020). "Artists Are Reimagining Sailor Moon in Their Own Styles on Twitter and We Love It." Mashable. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
Knox, Kelly (19 May 2020). "The Sailor Moon Redraw Challenge Is Magical." Nerdist. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
Vang, Gia. 29 July 2012. "Experts: Don't Try 'Salt and Ice Challenge'". Retrieved 28 June 2013.
Kuhn, Sherri. 5 July 2012. "The Salt and ice challenge: Don't let your teen get burned". Retrieved 28 June 2013.
""Ice and salt challenge" leaves 12-year-old Pittsburgh boy with second-degree burns – HealthPop". CBS News. 2 July 2012. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
Kwak, Janet. "Ice-and-Salt Challenge Fires Up Health Officials". nbclosangeles.com. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
"TikTok 'Skull Breaker Challenge' tricks unknowing children into serious injury". whio.com. 21 February 2020. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
Nedelman, Michael (17 January 2018). "Poison control calls 'spike' due to online laundry pod challenge". CNN. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
Gartenberg, Chaim (17 January 2018). "YouTube is taking down Tide Pod Challenge videos and oh my god don't eat laundry pods". The Verge. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
Nace, Trevor (12 March 2019). "#TrashTag Challenge Goes Viral As People Share Before/After Photos Of Their Cleanup". WTTO News. Forbes. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
Wetli, Patty (21 April 2020). "Massive Cleanups Canceled for Earth Day, But You Can Still Go Plogging or Play #TrashTag". WTTO News. WTTW. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
"National CleanUp Day and Trashtag". Retrieved 15 June 2020.
Dawson, Christopher (9 June 2017). "W#YogaChallenge proves that yoga is for the whole family". CNN.com. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
"Ghana's dancing pallbearers bring funeral joy". BBC. 26 July 2017. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
Amter, Charlie (30 April 2020). "Tracing the 'Coffin Dance' Meme Music's Path From Russia to Ghana to the World". Variety. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
Paquette, Danielle (25 April 2020). "The sudden rise of the coronavirus grim reaper: Ghana's dancing pallbearers". The Washington Post. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
Ermann, Jeff (11 May 2006). "New Chorus Lines". Washington Post. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
Deutsch, Lindsay (2 April 2014). "National PB&J Day: Dance, sing with banana meme". USA TODAY. Retrieved 11 May 2016.
Wood, Molly (15 July 2005). "Top 10 Web Fads". CNET. Retrieved 12 March 2007.
Goodman, Will (12 February 2013). ""The Harlem Shake" phenomenon keeps going strong (with grandmas and military)". CBS News. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
Rodriguez, Salvador (3 February 2013). "Forget Nemo: The Harlem Shake storms the Internet". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
"iHeart Memphis: I Spent $35 Making Hit Song 'Hit the Quan'". Billboard. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
"Dwayne Johnson Crushes the 'Hit the Quan' Challenge". Muscle & Fitness. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
"Buffalax Mines Twisted Translations for YouTube Yuks". Wired. 6 November 2007. Archived from the original on 4 December 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2008.
Kaufman, Sarah (25 July 2009). "Going to the Chapel & We're Gonna Get Jiggy". Washington Post. Retrieved 3 February 2010.
Pitney, Nico (9 October 2009). "The Office Wedding! (VIDEO) Jim & Pam's 'JK' Chris Brown Spoof". Huffington Post. Retrieved 3 February 2010.
"Shiggy on Starting a Viral Dance Challenge For Drake, and His Favorite Celebrity Versions". Billboard. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
Hassan, Jennifer. "Arrests, fines and injuries: The 'In My Feelings' challenge has gone global, with dangerous results". The Washington Post. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
Phillips, Lior (10 August 2018). "Everybody get up! The dance crazes changing the world". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
Olbermann, Keith (2 October 2006). "'Countdown with Keith Olbermann' for Sept. 29". NBC News. Retrieved 12 May 2008.
Carlson, Tucker (29 September 2006). "'Tucker' for Sept. 28". NBC News. Retrieved 12 May 2008.
"How the 'T-pose' became a meme". The Daily Dot. 15 May 2018.
"Weezer's "Pork & Beans" Director on the Band's Viral Hit". Rolling Stone. 16 June 2008.
"Cebu inmates going for another YouTube hit". GMA News. 12 August 2007. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
Mosqueda, Mars W., Jr. (19 January 2010). "MJ's choreographer trains dancing prison inmates". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on 29 January 2010. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
"The Delightful Triangle Dance Is the New Viral Craze Getting People Working as a Team". Time. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
"Goodbye flossing, the new dance craze is 'the Triangle' – video". the Guardian. 13 March 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
Mikkelson, Barbara; Mikkelson, David P. (16 December 2008). "Microsoft/AOL Giveaway". Snopes. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
Crabb, Don. "Bill Gates: An Urban Legend in His Own Time." Chicago Sun-Times 15 February 1998
"Flood of postcards continuing after Craig Shergold cured of brain cancer". Kingman Daily Miner. 6 July 1998. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
Jones, Les (12 December 1998). "Good Times Virus Hoax F.A.Q". fgouget.free.fr. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
Mikkelson, Barbara; Mikkelson, David P. "Virus Hoaxes & Realities". Snopes. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
Mikkelson, Barbara (18 March 2008). "The Obstinate Lighthouse". Snopes.com. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
LoFiego, Mathew (29 March 2009). "Classic Bilge: The Lighthouse vs. The Aircraft Carrier". Military Officers Association of America. Retrieved 20 September 2011.
United States Navy (2 September 2009). "The Lighthouse Joke". Archived from the original on 21 September 2011. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
Rudnitskaya, Alena (2009). The Concept of Spam in Email Communications. GRIN Verlag. p. 6. ISBN 978-3640401574. Retrieved 10 July 2013.
Gil, Paul. "The Top 10 Internet/Email Scams". About.com. Retrieved 15 June 2012.
Mikkelson, Barbara (24 June 2009). "(Costs a) Fortune Cookie". Snopes. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
De Vos, Gail (1996). Tales, rumors, and gossip: exploring contemporary folk literature in grades 7–12. Westport, Connecticut: Libraries Unlimited (A Member of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc.). pp. 21–22. ISBN 1-56308-190-3. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
Payton, Dave (29 April 2002). "E-mail puts new life into old Nigerian Scam". Chicago Tribune. p. 2.
Seavers, Kris (7 June 2017). "The Babadook is this year's Pride Month's unofficial mascot". The Daily Dot. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
Stolworthy, Jacob (8 June 2017). "The Babadook is being celebrated as a gay icon". The Independent. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
Bucher, Chris (7 June 2017). "'The Babadook' Is an LGBT Symbol: Best & Funniest Memes". Heavy.com. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
Whitehead, Mat (8 June 2017). "Just FYI, The Babadook Is A Queer Icon Now". Huffington Post. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
Purdom, Clayton (17 November 2016). "People are inexplicably flocking to watch Bee Movie at "20,000X speed"". Retrieved 29 November 2016.
Alexander, Julia (23 November 2016). "YouTube removes Bee Movie memes due to its policy on spam, deception and scams (update)". Polygon. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
Shamsian, Jacob (2 December 2016). "This YouTube video that has been viewed over 13 million times could be the heralding of a new meme". INSIDER. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
Martineau, Paris (2 November 2017). "A Complete History of Bee Movie's Many, Many Memes". NYMag. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
"The Blair Witch Project – Marketing and method". Archived from the original on 23 February 2012.
"Has 'Cloverfield' Jumped the Shark?". Yahoo!. 10 January 2008. Archived from the original on 13 January 2008. Retrieved 10 January 2008.
Bunz, Mercedes (2 February 2010). "Just how many Hitler videos does the world need?". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 February 2010.
Masnick, Mike (22 January 2010). "Director Of The Hitler Downfall Movie Likes The Hundreds Of Parody Clips". techdirt. Retrieved 3 February 2010.
Poole, Oliver (13 December 2002). "Elf who launched a thousand hits". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 6 April 2011.
Poole, Oliver (11 January 2003). "The elf who turned into a chick magnet". The Age. Melbourne, Australia. Retrieved 6 April 2011.
McNary, Dave (4 April 2011). "'Conchords' star McKenzie an elf in 'The Hobbit'". Variety. Retrieved 6 April 2011.
"YouTubers Are Using Memes To Help The Robbie Rotten Actor Fight Cancer". We The Unicorns. 30 November 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
Gail Arlene De Vos (2012). What Happens Next?. ABC-CLIO. p. 162. ISBN 9781598846348. Retrieved 10 July 2013.
"Web Video: Marble Hornets". Tv Tropes. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
Peters, Lucia (14 May 2011). "Creepy Things That Seem Real But Aren't: The Marble Hornets Project". Crushable. Archived from the original on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
Helling, Steve (15 May 2009). "Deborah Gibson Becomes a Viral Video Star". People Magazine. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
Strike, Joe (5 July 2011). "Of Ponies and Bronies". Animation World Network. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
Watercutter, Angela (9 June 2011). "My Little Pony Corrals Unlikely Fanboys Known as 'Bronies'". Wired. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
Eagen, Daniel (20 June 2012). "Movie Mash-ups That Beat Abraham Lincoln Vampire Hunter". Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
Kornblum, Janet (22 January 2007). "Mashups add splice to movies". USA Today. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
"'Scary Poppins' y otros montajes alternativos - CINEMANÍA" (in Spanish). 1 October 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
Washington, Julie (29 January 2010). "A bad movie called 'The Room' is a picture of success". Cleveland Plain Dealer. Retrieved 30 October 2012.
Collis, Clark (12 December 2008). "The Crazy Cult of 'The Room'". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 30 October 2012.
Stelter, Brian (13 July 2013). "'Sharknado' Tears Up Twitter, if Not the TV Ratings". New York Times. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
Feldman, Brian (19 July 2016). "America Inspired by Teen Protester's Call at RNC: 'Make Memes Great Again'". New York. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
Amidi, Amid (25 March 2014). "'Shrek is Love, Shrek is Life' by Airplane Randy (NSFW)". Cartoon Brew. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
Alfonso III, Fernando (27 March 2014). "A history of the Internet's freakish obsession with Shrek". The Daily Dot. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
"'Snakes on a Plane': Phenomenon on the Net". NPR. 26 March 2006. Retrieved 12 March 2007.
Aran, Isha (17 June 2016). "SpongeBob may be getting a musical, but the show's real legacy is on the internet". Fusion. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
Watson, Elijah (13 May 2016). "What makes 'SpongeBob SquarePants' the most memeable cartoon?". Retrieved 28 August 2016.
McCluskey, Megan (14 December 2016). "These Are the Most 'Googled' Memes of 2016". TIME.com. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
Barnes, Shane (2 June 2016). "Clinton Trounces Trump, a Guide to Primitive Sponge, and More: Today's Recommended Reading". Retrieved 28 August 2016.
Tsuji, Alysha (12 May 2017). "This SpongeBob SquarePants meme is taking over the internet, but wHaT DoEs iT mEaN?". For The Win. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
Hathaway, Jay (9 May 2017). "'Mocking Spongebob' is the most insulting meme of 2017". The Daily Dot. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
Harbison, Cammy Harbison (24 April 2019). "A new line of Spongebob Squarepants Masterpiece Memes figurines bring all your favorite SpongeBob memes to life". Newsweek. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
Tigg, Fnr. "Nickelodeon Releases Official Spongebob Meme Figures". Complex (April 24, 2019). Retrieved 26 April 2019.
"'Revenge of the Sith' Dubbed With Bootleg Chinese Dialogue Is a Fan-Made Masterpiece". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
"Let Us Rejoice That Someone Dubbed The Entire Chinese Bootleg of Revenge of the Sith". io9. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
Frank, Allegra (2 January 2018). "The internet revives The Simpsons' greatest joke, 'Steamed Hams' (update)". Polygon. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
Indiewire staff (20 October 2011). "Interview: Jason Zada, The Director Behind That Creepy "Take This Lollipop" Website". Indiewire. Retrieved 1 June 2012.
Shayon, Sheila (18 October 2011). "Take This Lollipop Spooks Facebook Users". Brandchannel. Archived from the original on 4 June 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2012.
staff (31 October 2011). "Take This Lollipop Facebook App – Creepy Way to Visualize Your Privacy". Social Media Today. Archived from the original on 9 August 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2012.
Moreno, Denisse (10 January 2018). "'Somebody Touch My Spaghet' Memes Take Over Snapchat, Twitter". International Business Times. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
Benner, Jeffrey (23 February 2001). "When Gamer Humor Attacks". Wired. Archived from the original on 28 April 2006. Retrieved 15 May 2006.
Radulovic, Petrana (28 September 2018). "Bowsette: An Investigation". Polygon. Archived from the original on 28 September 2018. Retrieved 28 September 2018.
"But Can It Run Crysis? 10 Years Later". Tom's Hardware. 13 November 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
"A Catalogue of All the Devices That Can Somehow Run 'Doom'". Motherboard. 8 May 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
"Pianos, printers, and other surprising things you can play Doom on". pcgamer. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
"But Can It Run Doom?". WIRED. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
Lee, Julia. "How did Animal Crossing's Isabelle and the Doomguy become best friends?". Polygon. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
Ellis Hamburger, Ellis. "Indie smash hit 'Flappy Bird' racks up $50K per day in ad revenue". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
Nguyen, Lan Anh. "Exclusive: Flappy Bird Creator Dong Nguyen Says App 'Gone Forever' Because It Was 'An Addictive Product'". Forbes. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
Terdiman, Daniel (18 October 2004). "I Love Bees Game a Surprise Hit". Wired. Archived from the original on 10 July 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
Carter, Johnathan Grey (10 December 2011). "Skyrim Fan Takes An Arrow in the Knee". The Escapist. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
Silver, Curtis (6 April 2012). "Epic Video: "The Dragonborn Comes" by Peter Hollens & Lindsey Stirling". Wired. Retrieved 31 May 2012.
Totilo, Stephen (20 February 2012). "How They Came Up With Skyrim's 'Arrow In The Knee' Line". Kotaku. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Plafke, James (18 April 2012). "NCIS Can't Help Itself, Makes Arrow to the Knee Reference". Geekosystem. Retrieved 25 May 2012.
Pearson, Craig (August 2005). "The Ballad of Leeroy Jenkins". PC Gamer UK.
Berg, Madeline (14 October 2015). "The World's Highest-Paid YouTube Stars 2015". Forbes. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
McConnell, Fred (2 January 2014). "Let's Play – the YouTube phenomenon that's bigger than One Direction". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
Ressner, Jeffrey. "The Newest Time Waster: Line Rider". Time. Retrieved 30 April 2006.
PM, Steven Asarch On 1/9/19 at 5:34 (9 January 2019). "'That's how mafia works' has become January's biggest meme (sorry Big Chungus)". Newsweek. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
Braga, Matt (11 April 2011). "Q&A with Portal 2 writers Erik Wolpaw and Jay Pinkerton". The National Post. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
Grayson, Nathan (7 February 2012). "Impressions: Skyrim's Portal 2 Mod". GameSpy. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
Benenson, Fred (26 July 2011). "Soul-Crushing Realism Is a Videogame Hit". Wired. Retrieved 22 February 2013.
Clark, Cindy (19 April 2012). "Kevin Bacon embraces 'six degrees' idea after all". USA Today. Retrieved 15 June 2012.
"How Kevin Bacon sparked a new branch of science". BBC. 5 May 2009. Retrieved 15 June 2012.
Ridley, John (20 December 2005). "IMDb Turns 15 Years Old". NPR. Retrieved 15 June 2012.
Good, Owen S. (26 November 2017). "Sonic Forces pays tribute to Sanic Hegehog meme". Polygon. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
Alexander, Julia (8 January 2018). "'Ugandan Knuckles' is overtaking VRChat". Polygon. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
"The Ugandan Knuckles, 'do you know de wey' meme explained". USA TODAY. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
Tassi, Paul (29 January 2013). "A Game Ascends Into Memehood: Surgeon Simulator 2013". Forbes. Archived from the original on 26 May 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
Rossignol, Jim (19 April 2013). "Wot I Think: Surgeon Simulator 2013". Rock, Paper, Shotgun. Retrieved 26 April 2013.
Britton, David (26 October 2018). "Surprised Pikachu is the internet's new favorite reaction meme". Daily Dot. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
"Surprised Pikachu Is Twitter's Latest Favourite Meme". NDTV. NDTV Offbeat Desk. 14 November 2018. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
McWhertor, Michael (14 February 2014). "How Twitch is crowd-sourcing an amazing Pokémon multiplayer game". Vox Media. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
Frum, Larry (18 February 2014). "Can 80,000 people play this video game together?". CNN. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
Sliwinski, Alexander. "'U R MR GAY' message discovered in Super Mario Galaxy box art". Engadget. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
Cundy, Matt. "Super Mario Galaxy says: U R MR GAY". GamesRadar. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
"How a horrible goose topped the gaming chart". BBC. 2 October 2019. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
Ohlheiser, Abby; Rao, Sonia (30 September 2019). "Playing 'Untitled Goose Game' is the new punching a wall". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
Jaworski, Michelle (29 May 2013). ""Baby mugging" isn't what it sounds like". The Daily Dot. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
Varma-White, Kavita (1 April 2014). "Baby Suiting: It's a thing. Share pics of your mini moguls with us". Today Parents. NBC News. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
Taylor, Victoria (28 March 2014). "Suit up! New Instagram trend turns babies into mini businessmen". New York Daily News. NYDailyNews.com. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
Webb Mitovich, Matt (5 June 2020). "Baby Yoda's Soup-Sipping Moment: How Mandalorian Director Bryce Dallas Howard's Kids Made It Happen". TVLine. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
Jain, Sanya (3 December 2019). "These Baby Yoda Memes Are A Big Hit On The Internet". NDTV. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
Moye, David. "Ancient Babylonian Cellphone Isn't Ancient, Babylonian Nor A Nokia". Huffington Post. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
"Bert in the frame with Bin Laden". BBC News. 12 October 2001. Retrieved 2 July 2010.
"'Muppet' producers miffed over Bert-bin Laden image". CNN. 11 October 2001. Archived from the original on 2 June 2009. Retrieved 2 July 2010.
Moore, Dene (6 May 2015). "Sex ed vs. the Internet in Ontario curriculum debate". Yahoo News Canada. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
Boskey, Elizabeth (10 February 2015). "Blue Waffle isn't an STD. It's a way to police female sexuality". About.com Health. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
Duffy, Eric (3 April 2013). "Trenton councilwoman falls prey to 'blue waffle disease' internet hoax". NJ.com. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
"Prankster Leads Trenton Councilwoman To Raise Question About Made-Up 'Disease'". CBS New York. 6 April 2013. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
Akbareian, Emma (13 April 2015). "Kim Kardashian recreates iconic Jean-Paul Goude naked 'Champagne Incident' photo". The Independent. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
"#BBCtrending: Did Kim Kardashian #breaktheinternet?". BBC. 13 November 2014. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
"FACT CHECK: Brian Peppers". Snopes. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
"The Daily Dozen". National Geographic. 7 August 2009. Retrieved 28 August 2009.
"Scene-stealing squirrel crashes Banff tourist photo". CBC. 13 August 2009. Archived from the original on 16 August 2009. Retrieved 28 August 2009.
Wells, Jane (20 August 2009). "Can "Crasher Squirrel" Make Money?". CNBC. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
Hongo, Hudson. "Cursed Images Is the Last Twitter Account You See Before You Die". Gizmodo. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
Dart, Chris (13 May 2016). "Inside Dat Boi, the year's weirdest meme". The A.V. Club.
Klee, Miles (2 May 2016). "Say 'waddup' to Dat Boi, the unicycling frog meme". The Daily Dot.
Feldman, Brian (12 May 2016). "The Strange Journey of 'Dat Boi,' the Year's Best Meme So Far". New York Magazine.
Cook-Wilson, Winston (6 May 2016). "What is 'Dat Boi,' and Why Is It So Sweet?: An Exploration". Inverse.
Hathaway, Jay (24 August 2017). "The distracted boyfriend is everyone's favorite new meme". The Daily Dot. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
Pous, Terri (22 August 2012). "Dogshaming: The Greatest Tumblr of Canine Misbehavior Ever". Time. Retrieved 2 December 2012.
Wickman, Forrest (15 November 2013). "How Do You Pronounce "Doge"?". Slate. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
Ritzen, Stacey (13 December 2019). "The 50 memes that defined the decade". Daily Dot. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
Soen, Hayley (4 December 2019). "The votes are in: This is officially the best meme of the entire decade". The Tab. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
Romano, Aja (18 December 2019). "11 memes that captured the decade". Vox. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
Imam, Jareen (26 February 2014). "Man selling home for $135,000 in Dogecoins". CNN. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
Ford, Dana (27 February 2015). "What color is this dress?". CNN. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
Rogers, Adam (26 February 2015). "The Science of Why No One Agrees on the Color of This Dress". Wired. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Dover, Sara (27 August 2012). "Ruined fresco draws attention, fans in Spain". CBS News. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
Boone, John (24 August 2012). "Jesus Restoration Gone Awry and Five Other Botched Pop-Culture Redos!". E! Online. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
Horen, Tom (20 October 2008). "Domo: From underground to advertiser". Star Tribune. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
Kirkpatrick, Stewart (9 June 2004). "Lazy Guide to Net Culture: NSFW". The Scotsman. Archived from the original on 29 June 2012. Retrieved 15 March 2007.
Rosman, Katherine (31 May 2013). "Grumpy Cat Has an Agent, and Now a Movie Deal". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
Mezzofiore, Gianluca (17 May 2019). "Grumpy Cat, the grouchy-faced furball that launched a thousand memes, is dead". CNN. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
"Hide the pain Harold, the Hungarian internet sensation". Daily News Hungary. 20 January 2018. Retrieved 16 November 2019.
Rajghatta, Chidanand (1 July 2007). "Kashmir's 'Rage Boy' invites humour, mirth". Times of India. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
Henley, Jon (17 March 2009). "What crisis?". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
Walker, Rob (1 July 2009). "Remixed Messages". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
Coonan, Clifford (16 November 2006). "The new cultural revolution: How Little Fatty made it big". The Independent. Archived from the original on 19 November 2006. Retrieved 21 February 2007.
Macartney, Jane (22 November 2006). "A fat chance of saving face". Times online. Retrieved 21 February 2007.
Lajara, Ivan (13 January 2010). "Life LAJARA: Internet teems with crazy, silly memes". Daily Freeman. Retrieved 20 January 2010.
Richards, Paul (14 November 2007). "Iz not cats everywhere? Online trend spreads across campus". The Daily Pennsylvanian. Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 20 January 2010.
Cohen, Ben (8 August 2012). "McKayla Is Not Impressed By This Meme". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
08/09/2012 12:51 pm Updated: 08/09/2012 4:44 pm (9 August 2012). "McKayla Maroney Tumblr Shows She 'Is Not Impressed' With Pretty Much Everything (PHOTOS)". Huffington Post. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
"McKayla Maroney meme goes viral | Photo Gallery". Yahoo! Sports. 9 August 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
Edelman, Scott (14 December 2012). "Spock + Pie = 1 weird website". Blastr. Syfy. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
Guzman, René A. (27 April 2010). "Nimoy Sunset Pie: When art meets artifice with Mr. Spock and baked treats". San Antonio Express-News. Hearst Corporation. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
Laessig, Gavon (26 April 2010). "Nimoy Sunset Pie". Lawrence.com. lawrence.com. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
MelissBuzzFeed (1 May 2010). "Spock Pie [PIC]". BuzzFeed. BuzzFeed, Inc. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
Plait, Phil (14 May 2010). "Nimoy. Sunset. Pie". Discover. Kalmbach Publishing. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
Schmidt, Mackenzie (21 May 2010). "Your New Favorite Non-Bro Meme: Nimoy Sunset Pie". The Village Voice. Village Voice, LLC. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
Hogstrom, Erik (19 August 2007). "Cat-tales". Telegraph-Herald. Dubuque, Iowa. Archived from the original on 29 May 2010. Retrieved 7 March 2010.
Boxer, Sarah (25 May 2003). "Prospecting for Gold Among the Photo Blogs". New York Times. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
Khan, Imad (12 April 2015). "4chan's Pepe the Frog is bigger than ever—and his creator feels good, man". DailyDot. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
Kiberd, Roisin (9 April 2015). "4chan's Frog Meme went Mainstream, So They Tried to Kill It". motherboard.vice.com. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
"The Creator of Pepe the Frog Talks About Making Comics in the Post-Meme World". VICE.
Notopoulos, Katie (11 May 2015). "1,272 Rare Pepes". BuzzFeed. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
Eördögh, Fruzsina (22 May 2015). "With all its political bluster, Anonymous can't shake its 'prankster' past". Archived from the original on 3 June 2015. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
"Te Pepe". New Zealand Government. Archived from the original on 7 January 2016.
"New Zealand flag designs: Kwi, piwi or kiwi?". The Sydney Morning Herald.
Hunt, Elle. "New Zealand's new flag: 15 quirky contenders". the Guardian.
"McDonald's racist Twitter message was hoax". CBS News. 15 June 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
Lupkin, Sydney (14 April 2015). "Success Kid's Dad Needs a Kidney Transplant". ABC News. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
Reporter, Asaree Thaitrakulpanich, Staff (11 February 2017). "Thainet Flips Out Over Headbanging Bird". Khaosod English. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
"Trash Dove is spreading like a virus. Can Facebook do anything to stop it?". The Daily Dot. 14 February 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
"Facebook sticker "Trash Dove" floods comment conversations on social media". cleveland.com. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
"What does this purple bird mean?". BBC News. 14 February 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
"What's up with this purple bird that is all over your Facebook?". The Daily Dot. 14 February 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
Cresci, Elena (15 February 2017). "Trash dove: how a purple bird took over Facebook". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
"Trash Doves: The Purple Floppy Bird Flocking Your Facebook Newsfeed". Huffington Post Australia. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
Palosaari, Ben (12 August 2008). "Being Tron Guy". City Pages. Archived from the original on 9 March 2010. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
Ross, Nick (19 June 2011). "Vancouver Riot Kiss becomes internet meme". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
"El origen del meme de la mujer exaltada y el gato malvado". Semana (in Spanish). Bogotá: Publicaciones Semana. 31 August 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
Mitchell, Amanda (8 November 2019). "What is The Cat Meme, and Why Is That Woman Yelling? An Explanation of the Hilarious Viral Moment". The Oprah Magazine. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
Radulovic, Petrana (6 September 2019). "The best memes of 2019, so far". Polygon. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
Messina, Victoria. "This Sensually Sassy Chef Just Set the Internet on Fire With a Hilarious New Meme". POPSUGAR Tech. Retrieved 24 January 2017.
Lang, Cady. "The Salt Bae Meme Has Inspired a Portrait Made of Real Salt". TIME.com. Retrieved 24 January 2017.
Burton, Monica (6 February 2018). "What the Critics Are Saying About Salt Bae's NYC Restaurant". Eater. Archived from the original on 4 October 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
"Fake Putin arrest video becomes online hit". Yahoo! News. 16 February 2012. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
"'Arrest of Vladimir Putin' Video Goes Viral in Russia". International Business Times. 16 February 2012. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
Kaufman, Leslie (30 October 2013). "Making Silly Showdowns for YouTube". New York Times. Retrieved 15 December 2013.
Hess, Amanda (9 February 2016). "The Bernie vs. Hillary meme is weird, ceaseless, and kind of sexist, just like the 2016 campaign". Slate. The Slate Group. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
Lewis, Gabriella (20 March 2016). "We Asked an Expert if Memes Could Determine the Outcome of the Presidential Election". Vice. Vice Media. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
Sanders, Sam (5 February 2016). "#MemeOfTheWeek: Bernie Or Hillary. Sexist Or Nah?". NPR Politics. NPR. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
Millstein, Seth (16 January 2017). "The 15 All-Time Best Joe Biden Memes, Ranked". Bustle. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
Feldman, Brian (28 July 2016). "[Grabs Podium], the Best Vice-Presidential Meme, Faces Down the Tim Kaine Era". Intelligencer. New York. Archived from the original on 13 November 2018. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
McNear, Claire (28 July 2016). "Joe Biden's Final Great Moment". The Ringer. Archived from the original on 1 July 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
Willingham, AJ (14 November 2016). "The 11 Best Joe Biden Memes as America Says Bye to its Uncle In Chief". Retrieved 13 December 2016.
Wallace, Lewis (16 December 2008). "Bush Shoe-Toss Immortalized in Games, Animations". Retrieved 24 August 2016.
YouTube and Video Marketing: An Hour a Day. John Wiley & Sons. 2009. pp. 142–143. ISBN 978-0-470-45969-0. Retrieved 2 July 2010.
Murray, Mark (18 January 2019). "As Howard Dean's 'scream' turns 15, its impact on American politics lives on". NBC News. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
Gilbert, Jason; Chiel, Ethan; Matthews, David. "The 10 Best 'delete Your Account' Tweets of Twitter's First 10 Years". Fusion. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
Lang, Cady (9 June 2016). "Hillary Clinton Tweets 'Delete Your Account' to Donald Trump". TIME.com. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
Victor, Daniel (9 June 2016). "Hillary Clinton to Donald Trump: 'Delete Your Account'". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
Stirland, Sarah Lai (19 September 2007). ""Don't Tase Me, Bro!" Jolts the Web". Wired. Retrieved 9 October 2007.
Ngak, Chenda (31 August 2012). "Eastwood's speech sparks Twitter trend, "Eastwooding" photo meme". CBS News. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
Ortiz, Erik (31 August 2012). "Clint Eastwood inspires 'Eastwooding': Social media users upload empty chair pics online". New York Daily News. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
Tsukayama, Hayley (31 August 2012). "#Eastwooding is the Twitter meme of the day". Washington Post. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
Khawaja, Jemayel (10 December 2019). "'Jeffrey Epstein Didn't Kill Himself' Is Peak Meme After Art Basel Prank". Variety. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
Simon, Scott; Caldwell, Don (16 November 2019). "Epstein's Death Becomes A Meme". NPR. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
Grey Ellis, Emma (15 November 2019). "'Epstein Didn't Kill Himself' and the Meme-ing of Conspiracy". Wired. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
"Finland churns out hilarious memes mocking Trump's raking comment". SFChronicle.com. 19 November 2018. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
Bai, Matt (19 November 2006). "The Last 20th-Century Election?". The New York Times Magazine. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
Wilson, Jason (23 May 2017). "Hiding in plain sight: how the 'alt-right' is weaponizing irony to spread fascism". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
""Miss Me Yet?" Bush Merchandise a Hit Online". CBS News. 31 May 2012. Archived from the original on 23 March 2010. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
Dashevsky, Evan (5 June 2014). "A Remembrance and Defense of Ted Stevens' 'Series of Tubes'". Retrieved 24 August 2016.
"A History Of Internet Fads And Trends". 7 August 2008. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
Feldmann, Linda (12 December 2011). "'Perrodies'? How Rick Perry ad spawned a viral Internet sensation". The Christian Science Monitor.
Barthel, Mike (9 December 2011). "Why Do People Want Rick Perry To Be More "Disliked" Than Rebecca Black?". Village Voice. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
Sanders, Sam (26 February 2016). "#MemeOfTheWeek: Ted Cruz And The Zodiac Killer". NPR. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
Schwarz, Hunter (13 February 2015). "'Thanks Obama.' The evolution of a meme that defined a presidency". The Washington Post. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
Graham, Jefferson (11 December 2009). "JibJab satirists turn to e-card genre". USA Today. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
Ritzen, Stacey (24 May 2019). "How 'and I oop' became the perfect reaction meme for shocking developments". The Daily Dot. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
"April the Giraffe live stream set to end today". Associated Press. 21 April 2017. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
Van Allen, Eric (28 October 2017). "The Zelda Ghost Story That Helped Define Creepypasta". Kotaku. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
Dewey, Caitlin (17 June 2015). "Comment: The fascinating, feel-good psychology of Internet cat videos". SBS. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
Yang, Jeff (17 May 2019). "Grumpy Cat may be gone, but our obsession with internet cats will never die". CNN. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
Williams, Rhiannon (19 February 2014). "Top 10 internet cats hall of fame". The Telegraph. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
Farhi, Paul (2 January 2006). "Tough Love: Norris Fans Board the Chuck Wagon". The Washington Post. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
Considine, Austin (12 November 2010). "Bored at Work? Try Creepypasta, or Web Scares". New York Times. Retrieved 16 July 2012.
Peterson, Eric (16 July 2014). "Social media convention in Schaumburg implodes". Chicago Daily Herald. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
Romano, Aja (17 August 2016). "Harambe the gorilla is still dead. But Harambe the meme won't die". Vox. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
Feldman, Brian (27 July 2016). "The Dark Internet Humor of Harambe Jokes". Retrieved 18 August 2016.
Crear, Simon (19 November 2012). "Cute Melbourne safety video Dumb Ways to Die becomes internet smash". Herald Sun. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
Munzenrieder, Kyle (12 May 2015). "How Florida's Proud Open Government Laws Lead to the Shame of "Florida Man" News Stories". Miami New Times.
Siegel, Robert (14 February 2013). "'Florida Man' On Twitter Collects Real Headlines About World's Worst Superhero". National Public Radio. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
Hill, Logan (15 July 2019). "Is It Okay to Laugh at Florida Man?". The Washington Post. Retrieved 19 July 2019.
Clarke, Jeremy (27 June 2005). "Treasure or trash?". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012.
Tiffany, Kaitlyn (17 September 2016). "What to do when pop culture forgets your favorite meme". The Verge. Retrieved 2 September 2019.
Orlean, Susan (24 September 2013). "Horse_ebooks is human after all". The New Yorker. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
Meyer, Robinson (24 September 2013). "@Horse_Ebooks Is the Most Successful Piece of Cyber Fiction, Ever". The Atlantic. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
Andrews, Robert (30 June 2005). "Misery Loves (Cyber) Company". Wired. Archived from the original on 10 January 2009. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
"What is ligma? The fictional disease involved in Ninja's death hoax". Metro. 23 July 2018. Retrieved 20 August 2018.
Roose, Kevin (27 August 2015). "'Netflix and chill': the complete history of a viral sex catchphrase". Fusion.net. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
Rickett, Oscar (29 September 2015). "How 'Netflix and chill' became code for casual sex". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
"Man turns paper clip into house". BBC UK. 11 July 2006. Retrieved 21 July 2009.
Eichler, Alex. "Enter the SCP Foundation's Bottomless Catalog of the Weird". io9. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
Baker-Whitelaw, Gavia. "Meet the secret foundation that contains the world's paranormal artifacts". Daily Dot. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
"Welcome to the Ethics Committee" Archived 16 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine, at Belfield FM/UCD Student Radio; by Una Power; published 8 October 2014; retrieved 15 April 2015
Jones, Feminista (2014). "What's the Deal With "Steak and Blow Job Day"?". SheKnows Media. Archived from the original on 1 August 2018.
Matei, Adrienne (17 July 2019). "1.5 million people have signed up to storm Area 51. What could go wrong?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 20 July 2019.
Baynes, Chris (21 September 2019). "Storm Area 51: Hundreds of people gather at US military base to 'see them aliens'". The Independent. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
"'Storm Area 51' Fails To Materialize". NPR.org. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
"Student's cash-raising net scheme". BBC. 22 September 2005. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
Emery, Daniel (21 May 2009). "Joke review boosts T-shirt sales". BBC.
Gannes, Liz (1 May 2014). "Throwing Back to the Origins of Throwback Thursday". Vox. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
Kooser, Amanda (29 November 2017). "Hell in a Cell: The surprising story behind the Reddit meme". Cnet. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
Brown, Damon (9 July 2010). "Vuvuzela chorus may peak online Sunday". CNN. Archived from the original on 2 September 2010. Retrieved 3 December 2010.
Frank, Sarah (9 July 2010). "Requiem for a Bzzzzzzzzz". Newsweek. Retrieved 3 December 2010.
Salam, Maya; Victor, Daniel (15 May 2018). "Yanny or Laurel? How an Audio Clip Divided the Internet". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
Stryker, Cole (2011). Epic Win for Anonymous: How 4chan?s Army Conquered the Web. Penguin. ISBN 9781590207383.

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[beanies-1] Bissonnette, Zac (March 2015). "The $12-per-hour Sociology Major Who Made Ty Warner a Billionaire". The Great Beanie Baby Bubble: Mass Delusion and the Dark Side of Cute. Penguin Books. pp. 107–121. ISBN 978-1591846024.

[Kravets_David-2] Kravets, David (5 November 2010). "Cooks Source Copyright Infringement Becomes an Internet Meme". Wired. Retrieved 1 April 2011.

[Bostonist-3] Roberts, Caroline (24 December 2006). "Go Elf Yourself!". Bostonist. Archived from the original on 3 November 2015. Retrieved 29 May 2012.

[Creativity-4] Aditham, Kiran (26 August 2008). "Jason Zada Leaves EVB". Creativity Magazine. Archived from the original on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2012.

[Adland-5] Othmer, James P. (2009). Adland. Volume 48, Developments in biological standardization. Random House Digital, Inc. pp. 243–250. ISBN 978-0385524964. Retrieved 10 July 2013.

[ClickZ_2-6] Quenqua, Douglas (19 November 2009). "OfficeMax Adds Social Element to Elf Yourself 2009". ClickZ. Retrieved 30 May 2012.

[Social_Media_Judo-7] Aarons, Chris; Nelson, Geoff; White, Nick (2011). Social Media Judo. Dog Ear Publishing. pp. 146–156. ISBN 978-1608448852.

[Popkin_AS-8] Popkin, Helen A. S. (7 August 2008). "Sing it, FreeCreditReport.com guy!". NBC News. Retrieved 1 April 2011.

[HeadOn-9] Howard, Theresa (31 July 2006). "Headache commercial hits parody circuit, well, HeadOn". USA Today. Retrieved 24 March 2011.

[Darth_Vader_Superbowl-10] Belsie, Laurent (7 February 2011). "Darth Vader Super Bowl commercial: What happens to child stars in ads?". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 25 March 2011.

[11] "Super Bowl XLVII: An Event of Epic Proportions". National Football League. 25 January 2013. Retrieved 25 January 2013.

[Stone_Brad-12] Stone, Brad (18 January 2007). "Don't Like the Dancing Cowboys? Results Say You Do". New York Times. Retrieved 1 April 2011.

[Gomes_Lee-13] Gomes, Lee (9 May 2007). "As Web Ads Grow, Sites Get Trickier About Targeting You". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 1 April 2011.

[Saint_Nick-14] Saint, Nick (16 July 2010). "How "Old Spice Guy" Took The Internet By Storm". Business Insider. Retrieved 1 April 2011.

[salon-15] Sheffield, Matthew (25 October 2016). "Meet Moon Man: The alt-right's racist rap sensation, borrowed from 1980s McDonald's ads". Salon.

[16] Harvey, Shannon (3 January 2012). "Ad men thrive on Chuck take". The West Australian. Archived from the original on 7 July 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2012.

[17] Johnson, Bailey (20 September 2011). "No, Chuck Testa, thank you". CBS. Retrieved 22 August 2012.

[Koman_2015-18] Koman, Tess (9 June 2015). "Would You Send Your Enemies a Potato With a Mean Message?". Cosmopolitan. Hearst. Retrieved 12 August 2016.

[Robertson_2015-19] Robertson, Lindsey (18 August 2015). "Who knew mailing personalized potatoes could rake in so much cash?". Mashable. Mashable.com. Retrieved 12 August 2016.

[Whitten1_2015-20] Whitten, Sarah (19 August 2015). "This guy makes $10,000 a month shipping potatoes". CNBC. CNBC LLC. Retrieved 12 August 2016.

[21] Plemmons, Mark. "Jeff Gordon Pepsi Max test drive video shot in Concord goes viral". Independent Tribune. Retrieved 7 September 2013.

[22] Pennell, Jay (27 February 2014). "Test drive 2: Jeff Gordon takes reporter for wild ride". Foxsports.com. Archived from the original on 27 February 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2014.

[23] Suprak, Nikola (21 December 2014). "EB Games' Rivals Commercial is a Thing of Terrible Beauty". Hardcore Gamer. Retrieved 20 July 2016.

[Roberts_Tom-24] Roberts, Tom (7 August 2009). "Viral Video Chart: Mattress dominoes and the weirdest divorce hearing ever". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 April 2011.

[oratech-25] Miller, Claire Cain (26 September 2010). "To Fix Bad Breath, a Gadget Seen on YouTube". New York Times. Retrieved 10 May 2011.

[26] O'Brien, Luke (12 January 2011). "Inside Xtranormal's Budding Do-It-Yourself Movie Empire". Fast Company. Retrieved 11 October 2012.

[27] Gamerman, Ellen (11 February 2011). "Animation Nation". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 11 October 2012.

[28] Reppel, Shauna (26 August 2006). "Copy, paste, animate Pop culture crudely skewered in animutation". Toronto Star. p. H3.

[29] Mieszkowski, Katharine; Standen, Amy (26 April 2001). "All hail Neil Cicierega". Salon. Retrieved 20 June 2012.

[30] Hepola, Sarah (25 January 2002). "Mutant Genius". Austin Chronicle. Retrieved 20 June 2012.

[31] Carissimo, Justin (29 July 2016). "Arthur memes have officially taken over the Internet". Retrieved 30 July 2016.

[32] Finley, Taryn (29 July 2016). "These Funny As Hell Arthur Memes Will Have You Doubled Over Laughing". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 30 July 2016.

[Barry-33] Barry, Dave (1997). Dave Barry in Cyberspace. Fawcett Columbine. p. 155. ISBN 9780449912300.

[34] Garling, Caleb (7 February 2011). "Axe Cop Fan Video Brings Outlandish Webcomic to Life". Wired. Retrieved 21 June 2012.

[35] Doctorow, Cory (17 January 2012). "Axe Cop: insane comic collaboration between 5 year old and his 29 year old brother". Boing Boing. Retrieved 21 June 2012.

[36] Goldberg, Lesley (24 April 2012). "Fox Adapting Web Comic 'Axe Cop' for Saturday Animation Block". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 21 June 2012.

[37] Silverman, Dwight (14 February 2004). "Youth culture finding unity with online animations". Chron. Retrieved 20 June 2020.

[38] Staley, Willy (14 January 2019). "All the President's Memes". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 1 February 2019.

[39] "Big Chungus Is The Last Great Meme Of 2018". The Daily Dot. 28 December 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2019.

[40] Feldman, Brian. "The Bongo Cat Meme Is Our Light in the Darkness". Select All. Retrieved 27 September 2018.

[41] "Bongo Cat is now so much more than a cat playing the bongos - Independent.ie". Independent.ie. Retrieved 27 September 2018.

[42] 【トレビアン動画】アキバでも垂れ流し!! 中毒動画『ｳｯｰｳｯｰｳﾏｳﾏ(ﾟ∀ﾟ)』 (in Japanese). livedoor news. 11 February 2008. Retrieved 28 January 2009.

[43] 腰クネクネ謎のダンス「ウマウマ」大流行の兆し (in Japanese). livedoor news. 8 March 2008. Retrieved 28 January 2009.

[44] "「ウッーウッーウマウマ(ﾟ∀ﾟ)」がCD化販売中止のトランスアルバムが新装復活" (in Japanese). ITmedia. 25 February 2008. Retrieved 28 January 2009.

[Cultural_touchstones-45] "Cultural touchstones courtesy of YouTube". The Virginian-Pilot. 21 April 2009. Retrieved 30 May 2008.

[dancing_baby-46] McNamara, Paul (16 June 1997). "Baby talk: This twisting tot is all the rage on the 'Net". Network World. Retrieved 21 January 2010.

[47] Kleeman, Sophie (17 November 2015). "12 Years Later, Here's What Happened to the Viral Mastermind Behind 'The End of the World'". Retrieved 24 June 2017.

[Background-48] Covucci, David (20 January 2017). "Hokay, so: What does the creator of 'The End of the World' think about Trump?". The Daily Dot. Retrieved 24 June 2017.

[49] Hern, Alex (30 January 2015). "Flash is dead, and YouTube dealt the killing blow". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 June 2017.

[50] G4 official website, the HTF TV series main channel

[DeanKL-51] Dean, Kari Lynn (23 June 2003). "HomestarRunner Hits a Homer". Wired Magazine. Archived from the original on 13 February 2010. Retrieved 3 February 2010.

[52] Hooton, Christopher. "Death Note trailer: Netflix manga-adapted film centres on teen in control of who lives and dies". The Independent. Independent Digital News & Media. Retrieved 26 April 2018.

[53] Allen, Jamie (15 May 2000). "Shorts move from film-class project to big time on Web". CNN. Archived from the original on 17 June 2013.

[54] Gunn, Angela (24 August 1999). "Gerbil in a Microwave". The Village Voice. Retrieved 23 March 2009.

[55] The Frog in a Blender and Gerbil In A Microwave, Flash animations on joecartoon.com are both credited: " 1999 The Joe Cartoon co."

[56] Morrison, Bruce (21 November 2003). "Internet cartoons represent the best non-porn content on web". TheTigerNews.com. Archived from the original on 5 February 2009. Retrieved 23 March 2009.

[PRI-57] Werman, Marco (18 August 2006). "Global Hit" (radio). The World. Public Radio International. Retrieved 18 August 2006.

[58] "Web Search interest: Loituma, folk music - Worldwide, 2004 - present". Google Trends. Retrieved 26 June 2016.

[59] "Як цуп цоп". lurkmore.to. Retrieved 12 October 2017.

[60] Wei, William (3 May 2011). "TOP VIRAL VIDEOS OF APRIL: What's A "Nyan Cat"?". The San Francisco Chronicle.

[61] Oleksiak, Wojciech. "Polandball – A Case Study". Culture.pl. Retrieved 30 November 2014.

[62] Mosendz, Polly (14 March 2016). "How an Internet Cat Craze Became a Toy Empire". Bloomberg Business News. Retrieved 18 March 2016.

[63] Belton, Claire (29 October 2013). I am Pusheen the Cat. ISBN 978-1476747019.

[64] Boutin, Paul (9 May 2012). "Put Your Rage Into a Cartoon and Exit Laughing". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 May 2012.

[Gaudino_Elena-65] Gaudino, Elena (18 January 2010). "'Salad Fingers Stream Of Consciousness Entertains Viewers". The Daily Campus. Archived from the original on 12 March 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2011.

[66] Rodriguez, Krystal (2 June 2016). "Is Simpsonwave a Real Thing?". Thump. Vice Media. Retrieved 4 June 2016.

[67] Gregoris, Michael (9 November 2007). "The evolution of South Park". www.gazette.uwo.ca. Archived from the original on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 9 August 2009.

[time2-68] Ressner, Jeffrey & Collins, James (23 March 1998). "Gross And Grosser". Time. Retrieved 28 April 2009.

[69] Rogers, Katie (6 August 2016). "Why 'This Is Fine' Is the Meme This Year Deserves". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 March 2019.

[70] Rempel, Shauna (26 August 2006). "Copy, paste, animate". Toronto Star. Retrieved 23 March 2009.

[71] Radulovic, Petrana (28 January 2019). "Powerful Shaggy: an investigation". Polygon. Retrieved 1 February 2019.

[72] Anderson, Sage. "Shaggy from 'Scooby Doo' has extreme powers in this new meme". Mashable. Retrieved 1 February 2019.

[Asarch-73] Asarch, Steven (29 January 2019). "Could Shaggy from Scooby Doo end up in 'Mortal Kombat'?". Newsweek. Retrieved 3 February 2019.

[74] "Weebl And Bob". Television Tropes & Idioms. Retrieved 9 October 2010.

[75] Cohen, Noah (19 April 2009). "When Pixels Find New Life on Real Paper". New York Times. Retrieved 22 June 2012.

[76] Glenn, Joshua (6 January 2008). "Questioning authority, one sticker at a time". Boston Globe. Archived from the original on 5 November 2012.

[77] Tossell, Ivar (23 October 2008). "Nerd humour hits it big". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 22 June 2012.

[78] "Social media challenge approaching social moral concern – PCC Courier". pcccourier.com. Archived from the original on 26 June 2015.

[joplin-79] "'Dr. Food Science' mixes bananas and Sprite, conducts other questionable food experiments". Joplin Globe.

[80] Andriani, Ria (7 January 2019). "Bird Box Challenge: why blindfolding yourself and walking into walls is even more stupid than it sounds". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 January 2019.

[81] Philips, Kristine (13 January 2019). "Driving blindfolded for the 'Bird Box challenge?' Just don't, officials say". The Washington Post. Retrieved 15 January 2019.

[82] Express News Service (11 September 2014). "Book Bucket Challenge Popular on Social media". The Indian Express.

[83] "Book Bucket, the latest fad among city slickers". The Times of India. 6 September 2014.

[84] Kuperinsky, Amy (1 July 2019). "What is the Bottle Cap Challenge? Jason Statham, Conor McGregor, John Mayer and more try Instagram trend". nj.com. Retrieved 16 July 2019.

[85] "What is the Bottle Cap Challenge? Jason Statham and John Mayer join the latest viral challenge". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved 16 July 2019.

[86] "Cameron Boyce's Family Confirms He Suffered From Epilepsy". E! Online. 9 July 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2019.

[87] "Cameron Boyce fans call out disgusting new challenge which makes fun of his death". PopBuzz. Retrieved 16 July 2019.

[88] "#CharlieCharlieChallenge: Why people are trying to talk to demons". BBC. 25 May 2015. Retrieved 26 May 2015.

[89] Gollayan, Christian (1 March 2019). "Why people are throwing cheese at babies". New York Post. Retrieved 24 March 2019.

[90] "'Cheesed Challenge' Has Parents Hurling Slices of Cheese at Their Kids". Inside Edition. 5 March 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2019.

[Healy-91] Healy, Melissa (28 March 2012). "Teens' 'cinnamon challenge': Dangerous, not innocent". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 28 March 2013.

[Joplin-92] Shipman, Dustin (29 April 2008). "'Dr. Food Science' mixes bananas and Sprite, conducts other questionable food experiments". The Joplin Globe. Archived from the original on 16 December 2012. Retrieved 22 October 2009.

[WashingtonPost-93] Huget, Jennifer LaRue (5 April 2010). "Swallowing cinnamon by the spoonful". voices.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 8 January 2012.

[Sports_Illustrated-94] Waxman, Matthew (25 August 2005). "Milking the situation: To support Florida batboy, I try other food challenges". sportsillustrated.cnn.com. Archived from the original on 25 April 2006. Retrieved 8 January 2012.

[cbsnews-95] ""Cinnamon challenge" dangerous to lungs, new report warns". CBS. 22 April 2013. Retrieved 3 August 2013.

[Alvarez-96] Alvarez, Alex (17 April 2013). "Condom Challenge Videos On YouTube a Bad Idea". ABC News. Retrieved 23 August 2013.

[97] Greenberg, Molly (18 April 2013). "Teen Condom Snorting Trend is Dangerous, Gross, Not Funny at All [VIDEO]". InTheCapital. Archived from the original on 23 August 2013. Retrieved 23 August 2013.

[98] Jones, Harrison; Lees, Eleanor (24 March 2020). "Doctor warns innocent people will die if they do the 'coronavirus challenge'". METRO. Retrieved 28 March 2020.

[99] Altaf, Daniel (27 March 2020). "Coronavirus Challenge: Influencer Who Licked Toilet Seat Gets Infected". PARHLO. Retrieved 28 March 2020.

[100] "School warning: What parents need to know about the 'eraser challenge'". TODAY.com. Retrieved 24 March 2019.

[101] ""Eraser challenge" social media game dangerous to kids". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved 24 March 2019.

[102] "Colorado Fire Officials Warn About Teens Taking The 'Fire Challenge'". CBS Denver. Retrieved 3 August 2014.

[103] "11-year-old boy set himself on fire in 'fire challenge' game | News – Home". Local10.com. 22 July 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2014.

[wishtv1-104] Smith, Jessica (9 March 2014). "Dangerous 'fire challenge' game spreads online". Wish-Tv. Retrieved 3 August 2014.

[105] Emery, Sean (1 August 2014). "Santa Ana teen hospitalized after he takes the 'fire challenge'". Orange County Register. Retrieved 2 August 2014.

[106] ""Fire challenge" spreads to Rochester". whec.com. 8 February 2014. Archived from the original on 11 August 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2014.

[107] CBS/AP (2 August 2014). "California teen severely burned attempting "fire challenge"". CBS News. Retrieved 3 August 2014.

[local2-108] "Boy, 11, released from hospital after playing 'fire challenge' | News – Home". Local10.com. 22 July 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2014.

[109] "Matt Stonie beats Joey Chestnut to win Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest" ESPN. Retrieved 2015-08-29.

[110] "A Governor Truly Tightens His Belt". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 November 2014.

[111] "Eligibility – Food and Nutrition Service". usda.gov.

[112] "Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)". Fns.usda.gov. Retrieved 19 November 2014.

[Wetherbee-113] Wetherbee, Brandon (29 March 2013). "Gallon Smash Prank Teens Charged By Fairfax County Police". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 26 November 2013.

[114] "Teen Attempts 'Gallon Smashing' Prank In Grocery Store, Fails Miserably". The Huffington Post. 11 May 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2013.

[115] Lowrey, Annie (20 August 2014). "Why the Ice-Bucket Challenge Went Viral". New York Magazine. Retrieved 20 August 2014.

[116] "Singer starts "I Will Survive" hand washing challenge". STLtoday.com. Retrieved 13 March 2020.

[117] Moyer, Justin Wm. (21 April 2015). "Kylie Jenner Lip Challenge: The dangers of 'plumping that pout'". Washington Post. Retrieved 27 October 2015.

[118] "Teens warn against giving Kylie Jenner lip challenge a shot". CBC.ca. 23 April 2015. Retrieved 27 October 2015.

[119] "Football teams are stopping everything for the 'mannequin challenge'". Washington Post. Retrieved 7 November 2016.

[120] John, Tara. "YouTube bans dangerous pranks and challenges". CNN. Retrieved 23 January 2020.

[121] "TikTok's new challenge involving electric socket and penny is too dangerous to try". Hindustan Times. 22 January 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2020.

[122] World, Republic. "TikTok's viral 'outlet challenge' involving electric socket, penny cause fires". Republic World. Retrieved 23 January 2020.

[123] Steinberg, Dan. "How a forgotten '90s dance hit made these Terps Internet famous". Washington Post. Retrieved 2 May 2016.

[124] Ducey, Kenny. "The Running Man Challenge died too soon". www.si.com. Retrieved 2 May 2016.

[125] Yap, Mae Yen (22 May 2020). "Artists Are Reimagining Sailor Moon in Their Own Styles on Twitter and We Love It." Mashable. Retrieved 26 June 2020.

[126] Knox, Kelly (19 May 2020). "The Sailor Moon Redraw Challenge Is Magical." Nerdist. Retrieved 26 June 2020.

[127] Vang, Gia. 29 July 2012. "Experts: Don't Try 'Salt and Ice Challenge'". Retrieved 28 June 2013.

[:0-128] Kuhn, Sherri. 5 July 2012. "The Salt and ice challenge: Don't let your teen get burned". Retrieved 28 June 2013.

[129] ""Ice and salt challenge" leaves 12-year-old Pittsburgh boy with second-degree burns – HealthPop". CBS News. 2 July 2012. Retrieved 24 June 2013.

[130] Kwak, Janet. "Ice-and-Salt Challenge Fires Up Health Officials". nbclosangeles.com. Retrieved 24 June 2013.

[131] "TikTok 'Skull Breaker Challenge' tricks unknowing children into serious injury". whio.com. 21 February 2020. Retrieved 21 February 2020.

[132] Nedelman, Michael (17 January 2018). "Poison control calls 'spike' due to online laundry pod challenge". CNN. Retrieved 17 January 2018.

[133] Gartenberg, Chaim (17 January 2018). "YouTube is taking down Tide Pod Challenge videos and oh my god don't eat laundry pods". The Verge. Retrieved 17 January 2018.

[134] Nace, Trevor (12 March 2019). "#TrashTag Challenge Goes Viral As People Share Before/After Photos Of Their Cleanup". WTTO News. Forbes. Retrieved 15 June 2020.

[135] Wetli, Patty (21 April 2020). "Massive Cleanups Canceled for Earth Day, But You Can Still Go Plogging or Play #TrashTag". WTTO News. WTTW. Retrieved 15 June 2020.

[136] "National CleanUp Day and Trashtag". Retrieved 15 June 2020.

[137] Dawson, Christopher (9 June 2017). "W#YogaChallenge proves that yoga is for the whole family". CNN.com. Retrieved 10 March 2018.

[138] "Ghana's dancing pallbearers bring funeral joy". BBC. 26 July 2017. Retrieved 20 April 2020.

[139] Amter, Charlie (30 April 2020). "Tracing the 'Coffin Dance' Meme Music's Path From Russia to Ghana to the World". Variety. Retrieved 19 May 2020.

[140] Paquette, Danielle (25 April 2020). "The sudden rise of the coronavirus grim reaper: Ghana's dancing pallbearers". The Washington Post. Retrieved 19 May 2020.

[141] Ermann, Jeff (11 May 2006). "New Chorus Lines". Washington Post. Retrieved 12 May 2016.

[142] Deutsch, Lindsay (2 April 2014). "National PB&J Day: Dance, sing with banana meme". USA TODAY. Retrieved 11 May 2016.

[webfads-143] Wood, Molly (15 July 2005). "Top 10 Web Fads". CNET. Retrieved 12 March 2007.

[144] Goodman, Will (12 February 2013). ""The Harlem Shake" phenomenon keeps going strong (with grandmas and military)". CBS News. Retrieved 13 February 2013.

[145] Rodriguez, Salvador (3 February 2013). "Forget Nemo: The Harlem Shake storms the Internet". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 13 February 2013.

[billboard.com-146] "iHeart Memphis: I Spent $35 Making Hit Song 'Hit the Quan'". Billboard. Retrieved 30 April 2019.

[147] "Dwayne Johnson Crushes the 'Hit the Quan' Challenge". Muscle & Fitness. Retrieved 30 April 2019.

[buffalaxed-148] "Buffalax Mines Twisted Translations for YouTube Yuks". Wired. 6 November 2007. Archived from the original on 4 December 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2008.

[Kaufman_Sarah-149] Kaufman, Sarah (25 July 2009). "Going to the Chapel & We're Gonna Get Jiggy". Washington Post. Retrieved 3 February 2010.

[The_Office_Wedding-150] Pitney, Nico (9 October 2009). "The Office Wedding! (VIDEO) Jim & Pam's 'JK' Chris Brown Spoof". Huffington Post. Retrieved 3 February 2010.

[:1-151] "Shiggy on Starting a Viral Dance Challenge For Drake, and His Favorite Celebrity Versions". Billboard. Retrieved 30 April 2019.

[152] Hassan, Jennifer. "Arrests, fines and injuries: The 'In My Feelings' challenge has gone global, with dangerous results". The Washington Post. Retrieved 29 April 2019.

[153] Phillips, Lior (10 August 2018). "Everybody get up! The dance crazes changing the world". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 30 April 2019.

[154] Olbermann, Keith (2 October 2006). "'Countdown with Keith Olbermann' for Sept. 29". NBC News. Retrieved 12 May 2008.

[155] Carlson, Tucker (29 September 2006). "'Tucker' for Sept. 28". NBC News. Retrieved 12 May 2008.

[156] "How the 'T-pose' became a meme". The Daily Dot. 15 May 2018.

[157] "Weezer's "Pork & Beans" Director on the Band's Viral Hit". Rolling Stone. 16 June 2008.

[prison_thriller-158] "Cebu inmates going for another YouTube hit". GMA News. 12 August 2007. Retrieved 21 January 2010.

[MosquedaMW-159] Mosqueda, Mars W., Jr. (19 January 2010). "MJ's choreographer trains dancing prison inmates". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on 29 January 2010. Retrieved 21 January 2010.

[Time-160] "The Delightful Triangle Dance Is the New Viral Craze Getting People Working as a Team". Time. Retrieved 23 July 2019.

[the_Guardian_2019-161] "Goodbye flossing, the new dance craze is 'the Triangle' – video". the Guardian. 13 March 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.

[snopes_microsoft_aol-162] Mikkelson, Barbara; Mikkelson, David P. (16 December 2008). "Microsoft/AOL Giveaway". Snopes. Retrieved 4 February 2010.

[st001-163] Crabb, Don. "Bill Gates: An Urban Legend in His Own Time." Chicago Sun-Times 15 February 1998

[Kingman_Daily_Miner-164] "Flood of postcards continuing after Craig Shergold cured of brain cancer". Kingman Daily Miner. 6 July 1998. Retrieved 14 June 2012.

[good_times_faq-165] Jones, Les (12 December 1998). "Good Times Virus Hoax F.A.Q". fgouget.free.fr. Retrieved 4 February 2010.

[virus_hoaxes-166] Mikkelson, Barbara; Mikkelson, David P. "Virus Hoaxes & Realities". Snopes. Retrieved 4 February 2010.

[Snopes_lighthouse_page-167] Mikkelson, Barbara (18 March 2008). "The Obstinate Lighthouse". Snopes.com. Retrieved 17 September 2011.

[MOAA_lighthouse_blog_entry-168] LoFiego, Mathew (29 March 2009). "Classic Bilge: The Lighthouse vs. The Aircraft Carrier". Military Officers Association of America. Retrieved 20 September 2011.

[USN_lighthouse_joke_denial-169] United States Navy (2 September 2009). "The Lighthouse Joke". Archived from the original on 21 September 2011. Retrieved 17 September 2011.

[Rudnitskaya_Alena-170] Rudnitskaya, Alena (2009). The Concept of Spam in Email Communications. GRIN Verlag. p. 6. ISBN 978-3640401574. Retrieved 10 July 2013.

[Gil_Paul-171] Gil, Paul. "The Top 10 Internet/Email Scams". About.com. Retrieved 15 June 2012.

[neiman_marcus_cookie-172] Mikkelson, Barbara (24 June 2009). "(Costs a) Fortune Cookie". Snopes. Retrieved 4 February 2010.

[De_Vos-173] De Vos, Gail (1996). Tales, rumors, and gossip: exploring contemporary folk literature in grades 7–12. Westport, Connecticut: Libraries Unlimited (A Member of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc.). pp. 21–22. ISBN 1-56308-190-3. Retrieved 4 February 2010.

[174] Payton, Dave (29 April 2002). "E-mail puts new life into old Nigerian Scam". Chicago Tribune. p. 2.

[175] Seavers, Kris (7 June 2017). "The Babadook is this year's Pride Month's unofficial mascot". The Daily Dot. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

[176] Stolworthy, Jacob (8 June 2017). "The Babadook is being celebrated as a gay icon". The Independent. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

[177] Bucher, Chris (7 June 2017). "'The Babadook' Is an LGBT Symbol: Best & Funniest Memes". Heavy.com. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

[178] Whitehead, Mat (8 June 2017). "Just FYI, The Babadook Is A Queer Icon Now". Huffington Post. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

[179] Purdom, Clayton (17 November 2016). "People are inexplicably flocking to watch Bee Movie at "20,000X speed"". Retrieved 29 November 2016.

[180] Alexander, Julia (23 November 2016). "YouTube removes Bee Movie memes due to its policy on spam, deception and scams (update)". Polygon. Retrieved 29 November 2016.

[181] Shamsian, Jacob (2 December 2016). "This YouTube video that has been viewed over 13 million times could be the heralding of a new meme". INSIDER. Retrieved 3 December 2016.

[182] Martineau, Paris (2 November 2017). "A Complete History of Bee Movie's Many, Many Memes". NYMag. Retrieved 31 May 2020.

[183] "The Blair Witch Project – Marketing and method". Archived from the original on 23 February 2012.

[184] "Has 'Cloverfield' Jumped the Shark?". Yahoo!. 10 January 2008. Archived from the original on 13 January 2008. Retrieved 10 January 2008.

[BunzM-185] Bunz, Mercedes (2 February 2010). "Just how many Hitler videos does the world need?". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 February 2010.

[MesnickM-186] Masnick, Mike (22 January 2010). "Director Of The Hitler Downfall Movie Likes The Hundreds Of Parody Clips". techdirt. Retrieved 3 February 2010.

[187] Poole, Oliver (13 December 2002). "Elf who launched a thousand hits". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 6 April 2011.

[188] Poole, Oliver (11 January 2003). "The elf who turned into a chick magnet". The Age. Melbourne, Australia. Retrieved 6 April 2011.

[189] McNary, Dave (4 April 2011). "'Conchords' star McKenzie an elf in 'The Hobbit'". Variety. Retrieved 6 April 2011.

[190] "YouTubers Are Using Memes To Help The Robbie Rotten Actor Fight Cancer". We The Unicorns. 30 November 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2016.

[Contemporary_Legends-191] Gail Arlene De Vos (2012). What Happens Next?. ABC-CLIO. p. 162. ISBN 9781598846348. Retrieved 10 July 2013.

[192] "Web Video: Marble Hornets". Tv Tropes. Retrieved 9 October 2012.

[Marble_Hornets_ARG-193] Peters, Lucia (14 May 2011). "Creepy Things That Seem Real But Aren't: The Marble Hornets Project". Crushable. Archived from the original on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 9 October 2012.

[HellingSteve-194] Helling, Steve (15 May 2009). "Deborah Gibson Becomes a Viral Video Star". People Magazine. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 16 February 2010.

[195] Strike, Joe (5 July 2011). "Of Ponies and Bronies". Animation World Network. Retrieved 6 July 2011.

[bronies-196] Watercutter, Angela (9 June 2011). "My Little Pony Corrals Unlikely Fanboys Known as 'Bronies'". Wired. Retrieved 30 June 2011.

[197] Eagen, Daniel (20 June 2012). "Movie Mash-ups That Beat Abraham Lincoln Vampire Hunter". Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 19 July 2012.

[198] Kornblum, Janet (22 January 2007). "Mashups add splice to movies". USA Today. Retrieved 19 July 2012.

[199] "'Scary Poppins' y otros montajes alternativos - CINEMANÍA" (in Spanish). 1 October 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2016.

[200] Washington, Julie (29 January 2010). "A bad movie called 'The Room' is a picture of success". Cleveland Plain Dealer. Retrieved 30 October 2012.

[201] Collis, Clark (12 December 2008). "The Crazy Cult of 'The Room'". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 30 October 2012.

[202] Stelter, Brian (13 July 2013). "'Sharknado' Tears Up Twitter, if Not the TV Ratings". New York Times. Retrieved 24 August 2015.

[NYmag-203] Feldman, Brian (19 July 2016). "America Inspired by Teen Protester's Call at RNC: 'Make Memes Great Again'". New York. Retrieved 22 July 2016.

[204] Amidi, Amid (25 March 2014). "'Shrek is Love, Shrek is Life' by Airplane Randy (NSFW)". Cartoon Brew. Retrieved 24 January 2016.

[205] Alfonso III, Fernando (27 March 2014). "A history of the Internet's freakish obsession with Shrek". The Daily Dot. Retrieved 24 January 2016.

[206] "'Snakes on a Plane': Phenomenon on the Net". NPR. 26 March 2006. Retrieved 12 March 2007.

[Spongebob_Memes_2-207] Aran, Isha (17 June 2016). "SpongeBob may be getting a musical, but the show's real legacy is on the internet". Fusion. Retrieved 28 August 2016.

[Spongebob_Memes-208] Watson, Elijah (13 May 2016). "What makes 'SpongeBob SquarePants' the most memeable cartoon?". Retrieved 28 August 2016.

[209] McCluskey, Megan (14 December 2016). "These Are the Most 'Googled' Memes of 2016". TIME.com. Retrieved 4 January 2017.

[210] Barnes, Shane (2 June 2016). "Clinton Trounces Trump, a Guide to Primitive Sponge, and More: Today's Recommended Reading". Retrieved 28 August 2016.

[211] Tsuji, Alysha (12 May 2017). "This SpongeBob SquarePants meme is taking over the internet, but wHaT DoEs iT mEaN?". For The Win. Retrieved 13 May 2017.

[212] Hathaway, Jay (9 May 2017). "'Mocking Spongebob' is the most insulting meme of 2017". The Daily Dot. Retrieved 13 May 2017.

[213] Harbison, Cammy Harbison (24 April 2019). "A new line of Spongebob Squarepants Masterpiece Memes figurines bring all your favorite SpongeBob memes to life". Newsweek. Retrieved 25 April 2019.

[214] Tigg, Fnr. "Nickelodeon Releases Official Spongebob Meme Figures". Complex (April 24, 2019). Retrieved 26 April 2019.

[215] "'Revenge of the Sith' Dubbed With Bootleg Chinese Dialogue Is a Fan-Made Masterpiece". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 20 August 2017.

[216] "Let Us Rejoice That Someone Dubbed The Entire Chinese Bootleg of Revenge of the Sith". io9. Retrieved 20 August 2017.

[217] Frank, Allegra (2 January 2018). "The internet revives The Simpsons' greatest joke, 'Steamed Hams' (update)". Polygon. Retrieved 26 February 2018.

[Indiewire_10-20-11-218] Indiewire staff (20 October 2011). "Interview: Jason Zada, The Director Behind That Creepy "Take This Lollipop" Website". Indiewire. Retrieved 1 June 2012.

[Brand_Channel_10-18-11-219] Shayon, Sheila (18 October 2011). "Take This Lollipop Spooks Facebook Users". Brandchannel. Archived from the original on 4 June 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2012.

[Social_Media_Today_10-31-11-220] staff (31 October 2011). "Take This Lollipop Facebook App – Creepy Way to Visualize Your Privacy". Social Media Today. Archived from the original on 9 August 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2012.

[221] Moreno, Denisse (10 January 2018). "'Somebody Touch My Spaghet' Memes Take Over Snapchat, Twitter". International Business Times. Retrieved 31 May 2020.

[222] Benner, Jeffrey (23 February 2001). "When Gamer Humor Attacks". Wired. Archived from the original on 28 April 2006. Retrieved 15 May 2006.

[223] Radulovic, Petrana (28 September 2018). "Bowsette: An Investigation". Polygon. Archived from the original on 28 September 2018. Retrieved 28 September 2018.

[224] "But Can It Run Crysis? 10 Years Later". Tom's Hardware. 13 November 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2018.

[225] "A Catalogue of All the Devices That Can Somehow Run 'Doom'". Motherboard. 8 May 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2018.

[226] "Pianos, printers, and other surprising things you can play Doom on". pcgamer. Retrieved 1 March 2018.

[227] "But Can It Run Doom?". WIRED. Retrieved 1 March 2018.

[228] Lee, Julia. "How did Animal Crossing's Isabelle and the Doomguy become best friends?". Polygon. Retrieved 5 March 2020.

[229] Ellis Hamburger, Ellis. "Indie smash hit 'Flappy Bird' racks up $50K per day in ad revenue". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved 15 February 2014.

[230] Nguyen, Lan Anh. "Exclusive: Flappy Bird Creator Dong Nguyen Says App 'Gone Forever' Because It Was 'An Addictive Product'". Forbes. Retrieved 15 February 2014.

[231] Terdiman, Daniel (18 October 2004). "I Love Bees Game a Surprise Hit". Wired. Archived from the original on 10 July 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2012.

[232] Carter, Johnathan Grey (10 December 2011). "Skyrim Fan Takes An Arrow in the Knee". The Escapist. Retrieved 10 April 2012.

[233] Silver, Curtis (6 April 2012). "Epic Video: "The Dragonborn Comes" by Peter Hollens & Lindsey Stirling". Wired. Retrieved 31 May 2012.

[234] Totilo, Stephen (20 February 2012). "How They Came Up With Skyrim's 'Arrow In The Knee' Line". Kotaku. Retrieved 12 October 2017.

[geekosystem-235] Plafke, James (18 April 2012). "NCIS Can't Help Itself, Makes Arrow to the Knee Reference". Geekosystem. Retrieved 25 May 2012.

[PCGamerUK-236] Pearson, Craig (August 2005). "The Ballad of Leeroy Jenkins". PC Gamer UK.

[237] Berg, Madeline (14 October 2015). "The World's Highest-Paid YouTube Stars 2015". Forbes. Retrieved 15 October 2015.

[238] McConnell, Fred (2 January 2014). "Let's Play – the YouTube phenomenon that's bigger than One Direction". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 January 2016.

[239] Ressner, Jeffrey. "The Newest Time Waster: Line Rider". Time. Retrieved 30 April 2006.

[240] PM, Steven Asarch On 1/9/19 at 5:34 (9 January 2019). "'That's how mafia works' has become January's biggest meme (sorry Big Chungus)". Newsweek. Retrieved 1 February 2019.

[241] Braga, Matt (11 April 2011). "Q&A with Portal 2 writers Erik Wolpaw and Jay Pinkerton". The National Post. Retrieved 20 June 2012.

[242] Grayson, Nathan (7 February 2012). "Impressions: Skyrim's Portal 2 Mod". GameSpy. Retrieved 20 June 2012.

[243] Benenson, Fred (26 July 2011). "Soul-Crushing Realism Is a Videogame Hit". Wired. Retrieved 22 February 2013.

[244] Clark, Cindy (19 April 2012). "Kevin Bacon embraces 'six degrees' idea after all". USA Today. Retrieved 15 June 2012.

[245] "How Kevin Bacon sparked a new branch of science". BBC. 5 May 2009. Retrieved 15 June 2012.

[246] Ridley, John (20 December 2005). "IMDb Turns 15 Years Old". NPR. Retrieved 15 June 2012.

[247] Good, Owen S. (26 November 2017). "Sonic Forces pays tribute to Sanic Hegehog meme". Polygon. Retrieved 26 February 2018.

[248] Alexander, Julia (8 January 2018). "'Ugandan Knuckles' is overtaking VRChat". Polygon. Retrieved 26 February 2018.

[249] "The Ugandan Knuckles, 'do you know de wey' meme explained". USA TODAY. Retrieved 26 February 2018.

[250] Tassi, Paul (29 January 2013). "A Game Ascends Into Memehood: Surgeon Simulator 2013". Forbes. Archived from the original on 26 May 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2013.

[SS2013RPS-251] Rossignol, Jim (19 April 2013). "Wot I Think: Surgeon Simulator 2013". Rock, Paper, Shotgun. Retrieved 26 April 2013.

[252] Britton, David (26 October 2018). "Surprised Pikachu is the internet's new favorite reaction meme". Daily Dot. Retrieved 27 March 2020.

[253] "Surprised Pikachu Is Twitter's Latest Favourite Meme". NDTV. NDTV Offbeat Desk. 14 November 2018. Retrieved 27 March 2020.

[254] McWhertor, Michael (14 February 2014). "How Twitch is crowd-sourcing an amazing Pokémon multiplayer game". Vox Media. Retrieved 24 February 2014.

[255] Frum, Larry (18 February 2014). "Can 80,000 people play this video game together?". CNN. Retrieved 18 February 2014.

[256] Sliwinski, Alexander. "'U R MR GAY' message discovered in Super Mario Galaxy box art". Engadget. Retrieved 7 February 2018.

[257] Cundy, Matt. "Super Mario Galaxy says: U R MR GAY". GamesRadar. Retrieved 7 February 2018.

[258] "How a horrible goose topped the gaming chart". BBC. 2 October 2019. Retrieved 2 October 2019.

[259] Ohlheiser, Abby; Rao, Sonia (30 September 2019). "Playing 'Untitled Goose Game' is the new punching a wall". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2 October 2019.

[260] Jaworski, Michelle (29 May 2013). ""Baby mugging" isn't what it sounds like". The Daily Dot. Retrieved 14 January 2015.

[261] Varma-White, Kavita (1 April 2014). "Baby Suiting: It's a thing. Share pics of your mini moguls with us". Today Parents. NBC News. Retrieved 14 January 2015.

[262] Taylor, Victoria (28 March 2014). "Suit up! New Instagram trend turns babies into mini businessmen". New York Daily News. NYDailyNews.com. Retrieved 14 January 2015.

[263] Webb Mitovich, Matt (5 June 2020). "Baby Yoda's Soup-Sipping Moment: How Mandalorian Director Bryce Dallas Howard's Kids Made It Happen". TVLine. Retrieved 20 June 2020.

[264] Jain, Sanya (3 December 2019). "These Baby Yoda Memes Are A Big Hit On The Internet". NDTV. Retrieved 20 June 2020.

[265] Moye, David. "Ancient Babylonian Cellphone Isn't Ancient, Babylonian Nor A Nokia". Huffington Post. Retrieved 20 June 2020.

[BBC_Bert-266] "Bert in the frame with Bin Laden". BBC News. 12 October 2001. Retrieved 2 July 2010.

[CNN_Bert-267] "'Muppet' producers miffed over Bert-bin Laden image". CNN. 11 October 2001. Archived from the original on 2 June 2009. Retrieved 2 July 2010.

[ca.n_Sexe-268] Moore, Dene (6 May 2015). "Sex ed vs. the Internet in Ontario curriculum debate". Yahoo News Canada. Retrieved 6 May 2015.

[std._Blue-269] Boskey, Elizabeth (10 February 2015). "Blue Waffle isn't an STD. It's a way to police female sexuality". About.com Health. Retrieved 3 May 2015.

[nj.c_Tren-270] Duffy, Eric (3 April 2013). "Trenton councilwoman falls prey to 'blue waffle disease' internet hoax". NJ.com. Retrieved 3 May 2015.

[newy_Pran-271] "Prankster Leads Trenton Councilwoman To Raise Question About Made-Up 'Disease'". CBS New York. 6 April 2013. Retrieved 3 May 2015.

[272] Akbareian, Emma (13 April 2015). "Kim Kardashian recreates iconic Jean-Paul Goude naked 'Champagne Incident' photo". The Independent. Retrieved 12 November 2015.

[273] "#BBCtrending: Did Kim Kardashian #breaktheinternet?". BBC. 13 November 2014. Retrieved 12 November 2015.

[274] "FACT CHECK: Brian Peppers". Snopes. Retrieved 18 July 2018.

[CrasherSquirrel-275] "The Daily Dozen". National Geographic. 7 August 2009. Retrieved 28 August 2009.

[276] "Scene-stealing squirrel crashes Banff tourist photo". CBC. 13 August 2009. Archived from the original on 16 August 2009. Retrieved 28 August 2009.

[277] Wells, Jane (20 August 2009). "Can "Crasher Squirrel" Make Money?". CNBC. Retrieved 4 February 2010.

[278] Hongo, Hudson. "Cursed Images Is the Last Twitter Account You See Before You Die". Gizmodo. Retrieved 24 May 2020.

[279] Dart, Chris (13 May 2016). "Inside Dat Boi, the year's weirdest meme". The A.V. Club.

[280] Klee, Miles (2 May 2016). "Say 'waddup' to Dat Boi, the unicycling frog meme". The Daily Dot.

[281] Feldman, Brian (12 May 2016). "The Strange Journey of 'Dat Boi,' the Year's Best Meme So Far". New York Magazine.

[282] Cook-Wilson, Winston (6 May 2016). "What is 'Dat Boi,' and Why Is It So Sweet?: An Exploration". Inverse.

[283] Hathaway, Jay (24 August 2017). "The distracted boyfriend is everyone's favorite new meme". The Daily Dot. Retrieved 21 July 2018.

[time-284] Pous, Terri (22 August 2012). "Dogshaming: The Greatest Tumblr of Canine Misbehavior Ever". Time. Retrieved 2 December 2012.

[285] Wickman, Forrest (15 November 2013). "How Do You Pronounce "Doge"?". Slate. Retrieved 23 November 2013.

[286] Ritzen, Stacey (13 December 2019). "The 50 memes that defined the decade". Daily Dot. Retrieved 30 May 2020.

[287] Soen, Hayley (4 December 2019). "The votes are in: This is officially the best meme of the entire decade". The Tab. Retrieved 30 May 2020.

[288] Romano, Aja (18 December 2019). "11 memes that captured the decade". Vox. Retrieved 30 May 2020.

[289] Imam, Jareen (26 February 2014). "Man selling home for $135,000 in Dogecoins". CNN. Retrieved 26 February 2014.

[290] Ford, Dana (27 February 2015). "What color is this dress?". CNN. Retrieved 28 February 2015.

[291] Rogers, Adam (26 February 2015). "The Science of Why No One Agrees on the Color of This Dress". Wired. Retrieved 27 February 2015.

[292] Dover, Sara (27 August 2012). "Ruined fresco draws attention, fans in Spain". CBS News. Retrieved 28 August 2012.

[293] Boone, John (24 August 2012). "Jesus Restoration Gone Awry and Five Other Botched Pop-Culture Redos!". E! Online. Retrieved 28 August 2012.

[294] Horen, Tom (20 October 2008). "Domo: From underground to advertiser". Star Tribune. Retrieved 27 December 2016.

[295] Kirkpatrick, Stewart (9 June 2004). "Lazy Guide to Net Culture: NSFW". The Scotsman. Archived from the original on 29 June 2012. Retrieved 15 March 2007.

[wsj-296] Rosman, Katherine (31 May 2013). "Grumpy Cat Has an Agent, and Now a Movie Deal". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 30 May 2013.

[297] Mezzofiore, Gianluca (17 May 2019). "Grumpy Cat, the grouchy-faced furball that launched a thousand memes, is dead". CNN. Retrieved 31 May 2020.

[298] "Hide the pain Harold, the Hungarian internet sensation". Daily News Hungary. 20 January 2018. Retrieved 16 November 2019.

[Rajghatta_Chidanand-299] Rajghatta, Chidanand (1 July 2007). "Kashmir's 'Rage Boy' invites humour, mirth". Times of India. Retrieved 16 February 2010.

[300] Henley, Jon (17 March 2009). "What crisis?". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 29 November 2013.

[301] Walker, Rob (1 July 2009). "Remixed Messages". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 November 2013.

[302] Coonan, Clifford (16 November 2006). "The new cultural revolution: How Little Fatty made it big". The Independent. Archived from the original on 19 November 2006. Retrieved 21 February 2007.

[303] Macartney, Jane (22 November 2006). "A fat chance of saving face". Times online. Retrieved 21 February 2007.

[Daily_Freeman-304] Lajara, Ivan (13 January 2010). "Life LAJARA: Internet teems with crazy, silly memes". Daily Freeman. Retrieved 20 January 2010.

[305] Richards, Paul (14 November 2007). "Iz not cats everywhere? Online trend spreads across campus". The Daily Pennsylvanian. Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 20 January 2010.

[306] Cohen, Ben (8 August 2012). "McKayla Is Not Impressed By This Meme". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 16 August 2012.

[307] 08/09/2012 12:51 pm Updated: 08/09/2012 4:44 pm (9 August 2012). "McKayla Maroney Tumblr Shows She 'Is Not Impressed' With Pretty Much Everything (PHOTOS)". Huffington Post. Retrieved 16 August 2012.

[308] "McKayla Maroney meme goes viral | Photo Gallery". Yahoo! Sports. 9 August 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2012.

[Edelman_2012-309] Edelman, Scott (14 December 2012). "Spock + Pie = 1 weird website". Blastr. Syfy. Retrieved 16 September 2016.

[Guzman_2010-310] Guzman, René A. (27 April 2010). "Nimoy Sunset Pie: When art meets artifice with Mr. Spock and baked treats". San Antonio Express-News. Hearst Corporation. Retrieved 16 September 2016.

[Laessig_2010-311] Laessig, Gavon (26 April 2010). "Nimoy Sunset Pie". Lawrence.com. lawrence.com. Retrieved 16 September 2016.

[MelissBuzzFeed_2010-312] MelissBuzzFeed (1 May 2010). "Spock Pie [PIC]". BuzzFeed. BuzzFeed, Inc. Retrieved 16 September 2016.

[Plait_2010-313] Plait, Phil (14 May 2010). "Nimoy. Sunset. Pie". Discover. Kalmbach Publishing. Retrieved 16 September 2016.

[Schmidt_2010-314] Schmidt, Mackenzie (21 May 2010). "Your New Favorite Non-Bro Meme: Nimoy Sunset Pie". The Village Voice. Village Voice, LLC. Retrieved 16 September 2016.

[315] Hogstrom, Erik (19 August 2007). "Cat-tales". Telegraph-Herald. Dubuque, Iowa. Archived from the original on 29 May 2010. Retrieved 7 March 2010.

[oolong-316] Boxer, Sarah (25 May 2003). "Prospecting for Gold Among the Photo Blogs". New York Times. Retrieved 4 February 2010.

[317] Khan, Imad (12 April 2015). "4chan's Pepe the Frog is bigger than ever—and his creator feels good, man". DailyDot. Retrieved 2 June 2015.

[318] Kiberd, Roisin (9 April 2015). "4chan's Frog Meme went Mainstream, So They Tried to Kill It". motherboard.vice.com. Retrieved 2 June 2015.

[319] "The Creator of Pepe the Frog Talks About Making Comics in the Post-Meme World". VICE.

[320] Notopoulos, Katie (11 May 2015). "1,272 Rare Pepes". BuzzFeed. Retrieved 2 June 2015.

[321] Eördögh, Fruzsina (22 May 2015). "With all its political bluster, Anonymous can't shake its 'prankster' past". Archived from the original on 3 June 2015. Retrieved 2 June 2015.

[322] "Te Pepe". New Zealand Government. Archived from the original on 7 January 2016.

[323] "New Zealand flag designs: Kwi, piwi or kiwi?". The Sydney Morning Herald.

[324] Hunt, Elle. "New Zealand's new flag: 15 quirky contenders". the Guardian.

[325] "McDonald's racist Twitter message was hoax". CBS News. 15 June 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2020.

[326] Lupkin, Sydney (14 April 2015). "Success Kid's Dad Needs a Kidney Transplant". ABC News. Retrieved 16 April 2015.

[327] Reporter, Asaree Thaitrakulpanich, Staff (11 February 2017). "Thainet Flips Out Over Headbanging Bird". Khaosod English. Retrieved 15 February 2017.

[328] "Trash Dove is spreading like a virus. Can Facebook do anything to stop it?". The Daily Dot. 14 February 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2017.

[329] "Facebook sticker "Trash Dove" floods comment conversations on social media". cleveland.com. Retrieved 15 February 2017.

[330] "What does this purple bird mean?". BBC News. 14 February 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2017.

[331] "What's up with this purple bird that is all over your Facebook?". The Daily Dot. 14 February 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2017.

[332] Cresci, Elena (15 February 2017). "Trash dove: how a purple bird took over Facebook". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 17 February 2017.

[333] "Trash Doves: The Purple Floppy Bird Flocking Your Facebook Newsfeed". Huffington Post Australia. Retrieved 17 February 2017.

[tronguy-334] Palosaari, Ben (12 August 2008). "Being Tron Guy". City Pages. Archived from the original on 9 March 2010. Retrieved 21 January 2010.

[Ross_Nick-335] Ross, Nick (19 June 2011). "Vancouver Riot Kiss becomes internet meme". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 20 June 2011.

[336] "El origen del meme de la mujer exaltada y el gato malvado". Semana (in Spanish). Bogotá: Publicaciones Semana. 31 August 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2019.

[337] Mitchell, Amanda (8 November 2019). "What is The Cat Meme, and Why Is That Woman Yelling? An Explanation of the Hilarious Viral Moment". The Oprah Magazine. Retrieved 22 December 2019.

[338] Radulovic, Petrana (6 September 2019). "The best memes of 2019, so far". Polygon. Retrieved 31 May 2020.

[339] Messina, Victoria. "This Sensually Sassy Chef Just Set the Internet on Fire With a Hilarious New Meme". POPSUGAR Tech. Retrieved 24 January 2017.

[340] Lang, Cady. "The Salt Bae Meme Has Inspired a Portrait Made of Real Salt". TIME.com. Retrieved 24 January 2017.

[:4-341] Burton, Monica (6 February 2018). "What the Critics Are Saying About Salt Bae's NYC Restaurant". Eater. Archived from the original on 4 October 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2018.

[Yahoo-342] "Fake Putin arrest video becomes online hit". Yahoo! News. 16 February 2012. Retrieved 9 July 2012.

[343] "'Arrest of Vladimir Putin' Video Goes Viral in Russia". International Business Times. 16 February 2012. Retrieved 9 July 2012.

[344] Kaufman, Leslie (30 October 2013). "Making Silly Showdowns for YouTube". New York Times. Retrieved 15 December 2013.

[Hess_2016-345] Hess, Amanda (9 February 2016). "The Bernie vs. Hillary meme is weird, ceaseless, and kind of sexist, just like the 2016 campaign". Slate. The Slate Group. Retrieved 5 May 2016.

[Lewis_2016-346] Lewis, Gabriella (20 March 2016). "We Asked an Expert if Memes Could Determine the Outcome of the Presidential Election". Vice. Vice Media. Retrieved 5 May 2016.

[Sanders_2016-347] Sanders, Sam (5 February 2016). "#MemeOfTheWeek: Bernie Or Hillary. Sexist Or Nah?". NPR Politics. NPR. Retrieved 5 May 2016.

[348] Millstein, Seth (16 January 2017). "The 15 All-Time Best Joe Biden Memes, Ranked". Bustle. Retrieved 26 April 2019.

[349] Feldman, Brian (28 July 2016). "[Grabs Podium], the Best Vice-Presidential Meme, Faces Down the Tim Kaine Era". Intelligencer. New York. Archived from the original on 13 November 2018. Retrieved 3 July 2019.

[350] McNear, Claire (28 July 2016). "Joe Biden's Final Great Moment". The Ringer. Archived from the original on 1 July 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2019.

[351] Willingham, AJ (14 November 2016). "The 11 Best Joe Biden Memes as America Says Bye to its Uncle In Chief". Retrieved 13 December 2016.

[352] Wallace, Lewis (16 December 2008). "Bush Shoe-Toss Immortalized in Games, Animations". Retrieved 24 August 2016.

[Obama_Girl-353] YouTube and Video Marketing: An Hour a Day. John Wiley & Sons. 2009. pp. 142–143. ISBN 978-0-470-45969-0. Retrieved 2 July 2010.

[NBCNews-354] Murray, Mark (18 January 2019). "As Howard Dean's 'scream' turns 15, its impact on American politics lives on". NBC News. Retrieved 15 February 2020.

[355] Gilbert, Jason; Chiel, Ethan; Matthews, David. "The 10 Best 'delete Your Account' Tweets of Twitter's First 10 Years". Fusion. Retrieved 9 June 2016.

[356] Lang, Cady (9 June 2016). "Hillary Clinton Tweets 'Delete Your Account' to Donald Trump". TIME.com. Retrieved 9 June 2016.

[357] Victor, Daniel (9 June 2016). "Hillary Clinton to Donald Trump: 'Delete Your Account'". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 June 2016.

[358] Stirland, Sarah Lai (19 September 2007). ""Don't Tase Me, Bro!" Jolts the Web". Wired. Retrieved 9 October 2007.

[Ngak_Chenda-359] Ngak, Chenda (31 August 2012). "Eastwood's speech sparks Twitter trend, "Eastwooding" photo meme". CBS News. Retrieved 31 August 2012.

[360] Ortiz, Erik (31 August 2012). "Clint Eastwood inspires 'Eastwooding': Social media users upload empty chair pics online". New York Daily News. Retrieved 31 August 2012.

[361] Tsukayama, Hayley (31 August 2012). "#Eastwooding is the Twitter meme of the day". Washington Post. Retrieved 31 August 2012.

[362] Khawaja, Jemayel (10 December 2019). "'Jeffrey Epstein Didn't Kill Himself' Is Peak Meme After Art Basel Prank". Variety. Retrieved 30 May 2020.

[363] Simon, Scott; Caldwell, Don (16 November 2019). "Epstein's Death Becomes A Meme". NPR. Retrieved 31 May 2020.

[364] Grey Ellis, Emma (15 November 2019). "'Epstein Didn't Kill Himself' and the Meme-ing of Conspiracy". Wired. Retrieved 30 May 2020.

[365] "Finland churns out hilarious memes mocking Trump's raking comment". SFChronicle.com. 19 November 2018. Retrieved 20 November 2018.

[366] Bai, Matt (19 November 2006). "The Last 20th-Century Election?". The New York Times Magazine. Retrieved 24 August 2016.

[367] Wilson, Jason (23 May 2017). "Hiding in plain sight: how the 'alt-right' is weaponizing irony to spread fascism". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 June 2017.

[368] ""Miss Me Yet?" Bush Merchandise a Hit Online". CBS News. 31 May 2012. Archived from the original on 23 March 2010. Retrieved 15 April 2010.

[369] Dashevsky, Evan (5 June 2014). "A Remembrance and Defense of Ted Stevens' 'Series of Tubes'". Retrieved 24 August 2016.

[370] "A History Of Internet Fads And Trends". 7 August 2008. Retrieved 24 August 2016.

[371] Feldmann, Linda (12 December 2011). "'Perrodies'? How Rick Perry ad spawned a viral Internet sensation". The Christian Science Monitor.

[372] Barthel, Mike (9 December 2011). "Why Do People Want Rick Perry To Be More "Disliked" Than Rebecca Black?". Village Voice. Retrieved 5 May 2016.

[npr-373] Sanders, Sam (26 February 2016). "#MemeOfTheWeek: Ted Cruz And The Zodiac Killer". NPR. Retrieved 1 May 2016.

[schwarz-374] Schwarz, Hunter (13 February 2015). "'Thanks Obama.' The evolution of a meme that defined a presidency". The Washington Post. Retrieved 16 September 2016.

[Graham_Jefferson-375] Graham, Jefferson (11 December 2009). "JibJab satirists turn to e-card genre". USA Today. Retrieved 21 January 2010.

[376] Ritzen, Stacey (24 May 2019). "How 'and I oop' became the perfect reaction meme for shocking developments". The Daily Dot. Retrieved 13 July 2019.

[giraffecamoff-377] "April the Giraffe live stream set to end today". Associated Press. 21 April 2017. Retrieved 21 April 2017.

[378] Van Allen, Eric (28 October 2017). "The Zelda Ghost Story That Helped Define Creepypasta". Kotaku. Retrieved 31 May 2020.

[379] Dewey, Caitlin (17 June 2015). "Comment: The fascinating, feel-good psychology of Internet cat videos". SBS. Retrieved 31 May 2020.

[380] Yang, Jeff (17 May 2019). "Grumpy Cat may be gone, but our obsession with internet cats will never die". CNN. Retrieved 31 May 2020.

[381] Williams, Rhiannon (19 February 2014). "Top 10 internet cats hall of fame". The Telegraph. Retrieved 31 May 2020.

[382] Farhi, Paul (2 January 2006). "Tough Love: Norris Fans Board the Chuck Wagon". The Washington Post. Retrieved 3 January 2013.

[Considine_Austin-383] Considine, Austin (12 November 2010). "Bored at Work? Try Creepypasta, or Web Scares". New York Times. Retrieved 16 July 2012.

[384] Peterson, Eric (16 July 2014). "Social media convention in Schaumburg implodes". Chicago Daily Herald. Retrieved 16 July 2014.

[385] Romano, Aja (17 August 2016). "Harambe the gorilla is still dead. But Harambe the meme won't die". Vox. Retrieved 18 August 2016.

[386] Feldman, Brian (27 July 2016). "The Dark Internet Humor of Harambe Jokes". Retrieved 18 August 2016.

[387] Crear, Simon (19 November 2012). "Cute Melbourne safety video Dumb Ways to Die becomes internet smash". Herald Sun. Retrieved 31 May 2020.

[388] Munzenrieder, Kyle (12 May 2015). "How Florida's Proud Open Government Laws Lead to the Shame of "Florida Man" News Stories". Miami New Times.

[nprfloridaman-389] Siegel, Robert (14 February 2013). "'Florida Man' On Twitter Collects Real Headlines About World's Worst Superhero". National Public Radio. Retrieved 4 December 2014.

[390] Hill, Logan (15 July 2019). "Is It Okay to Laugh at Florida Man?". The Washington Post. Retrieved 19 July 2019.

[391] Clarke, Jeremy (27 June 2005). "Treasure or trash?". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012.

[392] Tiffany, Kaitlyn (17 September 2016). "What to do when pop culture forgets your favorite meme". The Verge. Retrieved 2 September 2019.

[393] Orlean, Susan (24 September 2013). "Horse_ebooks is human after all". The New Yorker. Retrieved 24 September 2013.

[394] Meyer, Robinson (24 September 2013). "@Horse_Ebooks Is the Most Successful Piece of Cyber Fiction, Ever". The Atlantic. Retrieved 24 September 2013.

[Andrews_Robert-395] Andrews, Robert (30 June 2005). "Misery Loves (Cyber) Company". Wired. Archived from the original on 10 January 2009. Retrieved 25 March 2011.

[396] "What is ligma? The fictional disease involved in Ninja's death hoax". Metro. 23 July 2018. Retrieved 20 August 2018.

[fusion-397] Roose, Kevin (27 August 2015). "'Netflix and chill': the complete history of a viral sex catchphrase". Fusion.net. Retrieved 14 November 2015.

[rickett-398] Rickett, Oscar (29 September 2015). "How 'Netflix and chill' became code for casual sex". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 November 2015.

[399] "Man turns paper clip into house". BBC UK. 11 July 2006. Retrieved 21 July 2009.

[400] Eichler, Alex. "Enter the SCP Foundation's Bottomless Catalog of the Weird". io9. Retrieved 6 February 2015.

[scippyscip-401] Baker-Whitelaw, Gavia. "Meet the secret foundation that contains the world's paranormal artifacts". Daily Dot. Retrieved 16 May 2015.

[Belfield-402] "Welcome to the Ethics Committee" Archived 16 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine, at Belfield FM/UCD Student Radio; by Una Power; published 8 October 2014; retrieved 15 April 2015

[sheknows2014-403] Jones, Feminista (2014). "What's the Deal With "Steak and Blow Job Day"?". SheKnows Media. Archived from the original on 1 August 2018.

[404] Matei, Adrienne (17 July 2019). "1.5 million people have signed up to storm Area 51. What could go wrong?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 20 July 2019.

[IndieAttendance-405] Baynes, Chris (21 September 2019). "Storm Area 51: Hundreds of people gather at US military base to 'see them aliens'". The Independent. Retrieved 23 September 2019.

[406] "'Storm Area 51' Fails To Materialize". NPR.org. Retrieved 4 October 2019.

[407] "Student's cash-raising net scheme". BBC. 22 September 2005. Retrieved 31 May 2020.

[408] Emery, Daniel (21 May 2009). "Joke review boosts T-shirt sales". BBC.

[409] Gannes, Liz (1 May 2014). "Throwing Back to the Origins of Throwback Thursday". Vox. Retrieved 31 May 2020.

[410] Kooser, Amanda (29 November 2017). "Hell in a Cell: The surprising story behind the Reddit meme". Cnet. Retrieved 17 June 2020.

[411] Brown, Damon (9 July 2010). "Vuvuzela chorus may peak online Sunday". CNN. Archived from the original on 2 September 2010. Retrieved 3 December 2010.

[412] Frank, Sarah (9 July 2010). "Requiem for a Bzzzzzzzzz". Newsweek. Retrieved 3 December 2010.

[413] Salam, Maya; Victor, Daniel (15 May 2018). "Yanny or Laurel? How an Audio Clip Divided the Internet". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 May 2018.

[414] Stryker, Cole (2011). Epic Win for Anonymous: How 4chan?s Army Conquered the Web. Penguin. ISBN 9781590207383.

Internet slang
Abuse	Creepy treehouse Cyberbullying Cyberstalking Doxing Flaming Griefer Hacker Keylogger Little Pink Malware Sealioning Phishing Script kiddie Shitposting Stealth banning Spamming Tankie Troll
Chatspeak	Emoticon Emoji Leet Owned Pr0n Pwn Teh w00t Fap LOL NSFW Padonkaffsky jargon Sexting
Imageboard	4chan Anonymous -chan CP goatse.cx Lolcat Lurk Newbie O RLY? OP Pedobear Rickrolling Rule 34 Tripcode Weeaboo
Memes	Advertising and products Animation and comics Challenges Email Film Gaming Images Music Politics Videos Miscellaneous
Usenet	Eternal September PKB Plonk
Category Portal Wiktionary