Hungarian diaspora

Hungarian diaspora (Magyar diaszpóra) is a term that encompasses the total ethnic Hungarian population located outside current-day Hungary.

Areas with ethnic Hungarian majorities in the neighboring countries of Hungary, according to László Sebők.[1]

There are two main groups of the diaspora. The first group includes those who are autochthonous to their homeland and live outside Hungary since the border changes of the post-World War I Treaty of Trianon of 1920.[note 1] The victorious forces redrew the borders of Hungary so that it runs through Hungarian majority areas. As a consequence, 3.3 million Hungarians found themselves outside the new borders. These Hungarians are usually not counted into the term "Hungarian diaspora" but are regardless listed in this article. The other main group is the emigrants who left Hungary at various times (such as the Hungarian Revolution of 1956). There has been some emigration since Hungary joined the EU, especially to countries such as Germany,[2] but that has not been as drastic as for certain other Central European countries like Poland or Slovakia.

Distribution by country

Country	Hungarian population	Note	Article
Neighbor countries of Hungary
Romania	1,227,623 (2011)[3] (not including Csángós[4])	Autochthonous in Transylvania,[5] Csángó people in Moldavia, moved from Transylvania	Hungarians in Romania
Slovakia	458,467 (2011)[6]	Autochthonous[7]	Hungarians in Slovakia
Serbia	253,899 (2011)[8]	Autochthonous in Vojvodina	Hungarians in Serbia
Ukraine	156,600 (2001)	Autochthonous in Zakarpattia Oblast	Hungarians in Ukraine
Austria	55,038 (2014)[9]	Autochthonous in Burgenland	Hungarians in Austria
Croatia	14,048 (2011)[10]	Autochthonous in Croatia, except Istria and Dalmatia.	Hungarians of Croatia
Slovenia	6,243 (2001)	Autochthonous in Eastern Slovenia	Hungarians in Slovenia
Other countries
United States	1,563,081 (2006)[11]	Immigrants	Hungarian Americans
Canada	315,510 (2006)[12]	Immigrants	Hungarian Canadians
Israel	200,000 to 250,000 (2000s)	Most immigrants are Hungarian Jews
Germany	120,000 (2004)[13]	Immigrants	Hungarians in Germany
France	100,000 to 200,000 (2000s)[14]	Immigrants	Hungarians in France
Brazil	80,000 (2002)[15]	Immigrants	Hungarian Brazilians
Russia	76,500 (2002)	Immigrants	Hungarians in Russia
Australia	67,616 (2006)[16]	Immigrants	Hungarian Australians
United Kingdom	95,250 (2011) [17][18][19]	Immigrants	Hungarians in the United Kingdom
Chile	50,000 (2012)[20]	Immigrants	Hungarians in Chile
Argentina	40,000 to 50,000 (2000s)	Immigrants	Hungarian Argentines
Sweden	33,018 (2018)[21]	Immigrants
Switzerland	20,000 to 25,000 (2000s)	Immigrants
Czech Republic	14,672 (2001)	Immigrants
Turkey	6,800 (2001)	Immigrants	Hungarians in Turkey
Mexico	3,500 (2006)	Immigrants	Hungarians in Mexico
Ireland	3,328 (2006)[22]	Immigrants
Finland	3,000 (2017)[23]	Immigrants	Hungarians in Finland
Poland	1,728 (2011)[24]	Immigrants
New Zealand	1,476 (2006)	Immigrants	Hungarian New Zealander
Norway	c. 5,000 (2019)	Immigrants
Philippines	206 (2010)	Immigrants
Kazakhstan	457 (2018)	Immigrants
Total	4.9 – 5.1 million		Hungarians

Hungarian immigration patterns to Western Europe increased in the 1990s and especially since 2004, after Hungary's admission in the European Union. Thousands of Hungarians from Hungary sought available work through guest-worker contracts in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Finland, Sweden, Spain and Portugal.

Hungarian citizenship

A proposal supported by the DAHR to grant Hungarian citizenship to Hungarians living in Romania but without meeting Hungarian-law residency requirements was narrowly defeated at a 2004 referendum in Hungary.[25] The referendum was invalid because of not enough participants. After the failure of the 2004 referendum, the leaders of the Hungarian ethnic parties in the neighboring countries formed the HTMSZF organization in January 2005, as an instrument lobbying for preferential treatment in the granting of Hungarian citizenship.[26]

In 2010 some amendments were passed in Hungarian law facilitating an accelerated naturalization process for ethnic Hungarians living abroad; among other changes, the residency-in-Hungary requirement was waived.[27] Between 2011 and 2012, 200,000 applicants took advantage of the new, accelerated naturalization process;[28] there were another 100,000 applications pending in the summer of 2012.[29] As of February 2013, the Hungarian government has granted almost 400,000 citizenships to Hungarians ‘beyond the borders’.[30] In June 2013, Deputy Prime Minister Zsolt Semjén announced that he expects the number to reach about half a million by the end of the year.[31]

The new citizenship law, which took effect on 1 January 2011, did not grant however the right to vote, even in national elections, to Hungarian citizens unless they also reside in Hungary on a permanent basis.[32] A month later however, the Fidesz government announced that it intended to grant the right to vote to its new citizens.[33] In 2014, the Hungarian citizens from abroad are able to participate in the parliamentary elections without Hungarian residency, however they can not vote for a candidate running for the seat in the single-seat constituency but for a party list.

In May 2010, Slovakia announced it would strip Slovak citizenship from anyone applying for the Hungarian one.[34] Romania's President Traian Băsescu declared in October 2010 that "We have no objections to the adoption by the Hungarian government and parliament of a law making it easier to grant Hungarian citizenship to ethnic Hungarians living abroad."[35]

Famous people of Hungarian descent

Country	Name	Occupation	Source
Austria	Ferenc Anisits	Engineer
United States	Albert-László Barabási	Scientist scale-free networks
United States	Drew Barrymore	entertainer/actress	[36]
Austria	Béla Barényi	Inventor: Most patents in Europe +2500
Germany	Josef von Baky	Film director
United States	Béla Bartók	Composer
United States	Zoltán Bay	Scientist
United States	György von Békésy	Scientist-Nobel Prize winner
United States	Pal Benko	Chessplayer-Most US master ever
United States	Adrien Brody	entertainer/actor: Youngest ever AA winner in his category	[37]
United States	György Buzsáki[38]	Scientist-"Brain Prize" winner (1st time)
United States	Mihály Csíkszentmihályi	Scientist: Concept: Flow (psychology)
United States	Larry Csonka	American football fullback
United States	Tony Curtis	entertainer/actor	[39]
France	György Cziffra	Pianist
United States	Louis C.K.	entertainer/comedian	[40]
United States	Rodney Dangerfield	entertainer/comedian	[41]
United States	Frank Darabont	Film-director/screenplaywriter (Shawshank Redemption: IMDb No. 1)
United States	Ernst von Dohnanyi	Composer/pianist/conductor
United States	Bobby Fischer (Neményi)	Chessplayer
Germany	Ferenc Fricsay	Conductor
United Kingdom	Stephen Fry	entertainer/comedian	[42]
United States	Zsa Zsa Gabor	entertainer/actress	[43]
United States	Andrew Grove	business/entrepreneur
United States	Peter Carl Goldmark	scientist/inventor
United States	Mickey Hargitay	artist/bodybuilder
United States	Harry Houdini	Escapologist & Magician
United States	Tim Howard	Soccer goalkeeper
Sweden Germany	George de Hevesy	scientist/inventor	[44]
United States	John George Kemeny	scientist/inventor	[45]
United States	Laszlo B. Kish	Scientist
Austria	Ferenc Krausz	Scientist
Belgium	Alexandre Lamfalussy	Economist
Germany	Phillipp Lenard	Scientist-Nobel Prize winner
United States	Bela Lugosi	Actor-"Dracula"
Mexico	Luis Mandoki	Film director
United States	Ilona Massey	Actress
United States	Paul Nemenyi	scientist/mathematician	[46]
United States	John von Neumann	mathematician Father of the Computer.	[47][48]
United States	Thomas Peterffy	engineer/NASDAQ-founder
United States	Joaquin Phoenix	entertainer/actor	[49]
United States	Joseph Pulitzer	journalist	[50]
United Kingdom	Árpád Pusztai	Scientist - Leader on plant lecitins.
Slovakia	Ľudovít Rajter	Conductor
Austria	Franz Schmidt	Composer
United States	Monica Seles	Tennis player
United States	Gene Simmons	entertainer/musician	[51]
United States	Jerry Seinfeld	entertainer/comedian	[52]
France	Nicolas Sarkozy	23rd President of the French Republic	[53]
Canada	Hans Selye	Scientist
United States	Charles Simonyi	Scientist
United Kingdom	Péter Somogyi [54]	Scientist (1st "Brain" Prize)
United States	Victor Szebehely	Scientist
United States	Albert Szent-Györgyi	Scientist-Nobel Prize winner
United States	Maria Telkes	Scientist
United Kingdom	Kálmán Tihanyi	Scientist/Inventor Television
France	Victor Vasarely	Artist-Founder of OP-art
United States	Gabriel von Wayditch	Composer: 14 Grand operas, the longest ever
Germany	Richárd Zsigmondy	Scientist-Nobel Prize winner
United States	Leó Szilárd	scientist/inventor "Father of A-bomb"	[55]
United States	Edward Teller	scientist/inventor "Father of H-bomb"	[56]

Gallery

• 
  John von Neumann (1903–1957), American mathematician and physicist of Hungarian descent.
• 
  Mickey Hargitay was a Hungarian-American actor and Mr. Universe 1955.

See also

• Treaty of Trianon
• List of Hungarians
• Demographics of Hungary

Notes

1. During World War II, some areas were regained by Hungary, but lost with the 1947 Treaty of Paris

References

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4. 1,370 persons Archived March 2, 2009, at the Wayback Machine declared themselves Csángós at the 2002 Romanian census. Some estimates of the Csángó population run higher. For instance, the Council of Europe Archived 2008-10-02 at the Wayback Machine suggests a figure as high as 260,000.
5. Patrick Heenan, Monique Lamontagne (1999). The Central and Eastern Europe Handbook. Taylor & Francis. p. 70. ISBN 978-1-57958-089-6.
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41. Rodney Dangerfield: A Lifetime of No Respect but Plenty of Sex and Drugs by Rodney Dangerfield "The whole family had come to America from Hungary when my mother was four. My mother's father--my grandfather--was almost never referred to in that house. Rumor has it he's still in Hungary--and still drinking."
42. ""Who Do You Think You Are?", Series Two: Celebrity Gallery".
43. "Zsa Zsa Gabor born, Budapest Hungary. Though some sources say 1918, 1919, or 1920. 1936 Elected Miss Hungary."
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56. Video in which Teller recalls his earliest memories.