Jerry Seinfeld

Jerome Allen Seinfeld (/ˈsnfɛld/ SYNE-feld; born April 29, 1954)[2] is an American comedian, actor, writer, producer, and director. He is known for playing a semi-fictionalized version of himself in the sitcom Seinfeld, which he created and wrote with Larry David. The show aired on NBC from 1989 until 1998, becoming one of the most acclaimed and popular sitcoms of all time. As a stand-up comedian, Seinfeld specializes in observational comedy. In 2004, Comedy Central named Seinfeld the 12th Greatest Stand-up Comedian of All Time.[3] Seinfeld produced, co-wrote and starred in the 2007 film Bee Movie. In 2010, he premiered a reality series called The Marriage Ref, which aired for two seasons on NBC. Seinfeld is the creator and host of the series Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee on Netflix. He is married to author and philanthropist Jessica Seinfeld, with whom he has three children.

Jerry Seinfeld
Seinfeld in 2016
Born (1954-04-29) April 29, 1954
Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
MediumStand-up, television, film
Alma materQueens College (BA)
Years active1976–present
GenresObservational comedy, surreal humor, black comedy, cringe comedy, deadpan, satire
Net worthUS$950 million (2019)[1]
Subject(s)American culture, American politics, everyday life, gender differences, human behavior, social awkwardness, pop culture, current events
Spouse
(
m. 1999)
Children3
Signature

Early life

Seinfeld was born in Brooklyn, New York City, New York.[4] His father, Kálmán Seinfeld (1918–1985),[5][6] was of Hungarian-Jewish descent, and collected jokes that he heard while serving in World War II.[4] His mother, Betty (née Hosni;[7] 1915–2014),[8][9] and her parents, Selim and Salha Hosni,[10] were Mizrahi Jews who immigrated from Aleppo, Syria who had labeled their nationality as Turkish when they immigrated in 1917 as Syria was under the Ottoman Empire.[11][12] His second cousin is musician and actor Evan Seinfeld.[13] Seinfeld grew up in Massapequa, New York, and attended Massapequa High School on Long Island.[14][15] At the age of 16, he spent time volunteering in Kibbutz Sa'ar in Israel.[16] He attended State University of New York at Oswego, and transferred after his second year to Queens College, City University of New York, whence he graduated with a degree in communications and theater.[17][18]

Career

Early career

Seinfeld developed an interest in stand-up comedy after brief stints in college productions. He appeared on open-mic nights at Budd Friedman's Improv Club while attending Queens College.[19] After graduation in 1976, he tried out at an open-mic night at New York City's Catch a Rising Star, which led to an appearance in a Rodney Dangerfield HBO special.[20] In 1980, he had a small recurring role on the sitcom Benson, playing Frankie, a mail-delivery boy who had comedy routines that no one wanted to hear. Seinfeld was abruptly fired from the show due to creative differences.[20] Seinfeld has said that he was not actually told he had been fired until he turned up for the read-through session for an episode and found that there was no script for him.[21] In May 1981, Seinfeld made a successful appearance on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, impressing Carson and the audience and leading to frequent appearances on that show and others, including Late Night with David Letterman.[20] On September 5, 1987, his first one-hour special Stand-Up Confidential aired live on HBO.

Seinfeld

Seinfeld at the 44th Primetime Emmy Awards in 1992

Seinfeld created The Seinfeld Chronicles with Larry David in 1988 for NBC. The show was later renamed Seinfeld to avoid confusion with the short-lived teen sitcom The Marshall Chronicles. By its third season, it had become the most watched sitcom on American television. The final episode aired in 1998, and the show has been a popular syndicated re-run. Along with Seinfeld, the show starred Saturday Night Live veteran Julia Louis-Dreyfus and experienced actors Michael Richards and Jason Alexander. Alexander played George, a caricature of Larry David. Seinfeld is the only actor to appear in every episode of the show.[22]

Seinfeld has said that his show was influenced by the 1950s sitcom The Abbott and Costello Show. In the "Seinfeld Season 6" DVD set, commenting on the episode "The Gymnast," Seinfeld cited Jean Shepherd as an influence, saying, "He really formed my entire comedic sensibility—I learned how to do comedy from Jean Shepherd." From 2004 to 2007, the former Seinfeld cast and crew recorded audio commentaries for episodes of the DVD releases of the show.

Post-Seinfeld

After he ended his sitcom, Seinfeld returned to New York City to make a comeback with his stand-up comedy rather than stay in Los Angeles and continue his acting career. In 1998, he went on tour and recorded a comedy special, titled I'm Telling You for the Last Time. The process of developing and performing new material at clubs around the world was chronicled in a 2002 documentary, Comedian, which also featured fellow comic Orny Adams and was directed by Christian Charles. Seinfeld has written several books, mostly archives of past routines. In the late 1990s, Apple Computer came up with the advertising slogan "Think different" and produced a 60-second commercial to promote the slogan. This commercial showed people who were able to "think differently," such as Albert Einstein, Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., and many others. It was later cut short to 30 seconds and altered such that Seinfeld was included at the end, although he had not been in the original cut. This shorter version of the commercial aired only once, during the series finale of Seinfeld.[23]

In 2004, Seinfeld appeared in two commercial webisodes promoting American Express, titled The Adventures of Seinfeld & Superman.[24] In these, Seinfeld appeared with a cartoon rendering of Superman, to whom reference was made in numerous episodes of Seinfeld as Seinfeld's hero, voiced by Patrick Warburton (character David Puddy on Seinfeld). The webisodes were directed by Barry Levinson and aired briefly on television. Seinfeld and "Superman" were also interviewed by Matt Lauer in a specially recorded interview for the Today show. On November 18, 2004, Seinfeld appeared at the National Museum of American History to donate the "puffy shirt" he wore in the Seinfeld episode of the same name. He also gave a speech when presenting the "puffy shirt," saying humorously that "This is the most embarrassing moment of my life." On May 13, 2006, Seinfeld had a cameo appearance on Saturday Night Live as host Julia Louis-Dreyfus' assassin. Louis-Dreyfus in her opening monolog mentioned the "Seinfeld curse." While talking about how ridiculous the "curse" was, a stage light suddenly fell next to her. The camera moved to a catwalk above the stage where Seinfeld was standing, holding a large pair of bolt cutters. He angrily muttered, "Damn it!" upset that it did not hit her. Louis-Dreyfus continued to say that she is indeed not cursed.

On February 25, 2007, Seinfeld appeared at the 79th Academy Awards as the presenter for "Best Documentary." Before announcing the nominations, he did a short stand-up comedy routine about the unspoken agreement between movie theater owners and movie patrons.[25] On October 4, 2007, Seinfeld made guest appearance as himself in the 30 Rock episode "SeinfeldVision."[26] On February 24, 2008, at the 80th Academy Awards, Seinfeld appeared as the voice of his Bee Movie animated character Barry, presenting Best Animated Short Film. Before announcing the nominees, he showed a montage of film clips featuring bees, saying that they were some of his early work (as Barry).

On June 2, 2008, amidst his spring 2008 tour, Seinfeld performed in his hometown of New York City for a one-night-only show at the Hammerstein Ballroom to benefit Stand Up for a Cure, a charity aiding lung cancer research at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. In August 2008, the Associated Press reported that Jerry Seinfeld would be the pitchman for Windows Vista, as part of a $300-million advertising campaign by Microsoft. The ads, which were intended to create buzz for Windows in support of the subsequent "I'm a PC" advertisements, began airing in mid-September 2008. They were cut from television after three installments; Microsoft opted to continue with the "I'm a PC" advertisements[27] and run the Seinfeld ads on the Microsoft website as a series of longer advertisements.[28] In March 2009, it was announced that Seinfeld and the entire cast of Seinfeld would be appearing for a reunion in Larry David's HBO series Curb Your Enthusiasm. The fictional reunion took place in the seventh season's finale and starred most of the original cast, including Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Jason Alexander, Michael Richards, in a multiple episode arc.[29] Seinfeld appeared on an episode of the Starz original series Head Case. As was the case in many of his previous guest appearances on sitcoms, he played himself.

In Australia, Seinfeld appeared on a series of advertisements for the Greater Building Society, a building society based in New South Wales and southeastern Queensland.[30] His appearance in these ads was highly publicized and considered a coup for the society, being the third time Seinfeld had appeared in a television commercial.[31] The advertisements were filmed in Cedarhurst, Long Island, with the street designed to emulate Beaumont Street in Hamilton, where the Greater's head offices are located.[32] Seinfeld also wrote the scripts for the 15 advertisements that were filmed. The ads largely aired in the Northern New South Wales television market, where the society has most of its branches. Seinfeld was the first guest on Jay Leno's talk show The Jay Leno Show, which premiered on September 14, 2009. Seinfeld was featured on Saturday Night Live's Weekend Update sketch to do the "Really!?!" segment with Seth Meyers. He executive produced and occasionally starred as a panelist in The Marriage Ref. On August 30, 2010, Seinfeld made a surprise guest appearance on The Howard Stern Show, mending the feud the two had in the early '90s.

Seinfeld toured the U.S. in 2011 and made his first stand-up appearance in the UK in 11 years. In July 2011, he was a surprise guest on The Daily Show, helping Jon Stewart to suppress his urge to tell "cheap" "Michele Bachmann's husband acts gay" jokes.[33] Seinfeld also launched a personal archives website at JerrySeinfeld.com and appeared in the HBO special Talking Funny with fellow comedians Chris Rock, Louis C.K., and Ricky Gervais in the same year.

Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee

Seinfeld tapping on the Oval Office windows of The White House with President Barack Obama in 2016

In 2012, Seinfeld started a web series titled Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee, in which he would pick up a fellow comedian in a different car each episode and take them out for coffee and conversation. The show originally aired on the Crackle streaming service and then was bought by Netflix. The initial series consisted of ten episodes lasting from 7 to 25 minutes each. The show has continued to get high-profile guests such as Tina Fey, Dave Chappelle, Louis C.K., Eddie Murphy, Steve Martin, David Letterman, Chris Rock, John Mulaney, Mel Brooks, Don Rickles, Ellen DeGeneres, Howard Stern, and Jerry Lewis.[34] The show has also hosted Seinfeld alums Larry David, Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Jason Alexander, and Michael Richards. Season Seven featured its most high-profile guest, then President Barack Obama.[35] In a farewell tribute video for the Obamas before he left office, Seinfeld stated, "That knocking on the Oval Office window. That probably was the peak of my entire existence."[36]

Seinfeld signed a comedy deal with Netflix in January 2017.[37] As part of the deal, all episodes of Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee would be made available on the streaming service, in addition to a new twenty-four episode season.[38]

Other appearances

In June 2013, he appeared on rapper Wale's album The Gifted, on the song "Outro About Nothing."[39] Seinfeld received coverage for his speech at the 2014 Clio Awards ceremony, where he received an honorary award, as media reporters said that he "mocked" and "ripped apart" the advertising industry; his statement of "I love advertising because I love lying" received particular attention.[40][41]

In 2014, Jerry Seinfeld hosted the special Don Rickles: One Night Only at the Apollo Theatre. The event celebrated Don Rickles and his career, but also served as a roast among friends. Those who participated in the event included, Jon Stewart, David Letterman, Tina Fey, Amy Poehler, Nathan Lane, Regis Philbin, Robert De Niro, and Martin Scorsese.[42]

On February 15, 2015, Seinfeld made a guest appearance on the Saturday Night Live 40th Anniversary Special, where he hosted the "Questions from the Audience" segment, which included cameos from Michael Douglas, John Goodman, James Franco, Larry David, Ellen Cleghorne, Dakota Johnson, Tim Meadows, Bob Odenkirk, and Sarah Palin (who Seinfeld initially mistook for Tina Fey).[43]

On May 20, 2015, Seinfeld made a guest appearance on David Letterman's final Late Show episode. Seinfeld joined other friends of the show to pay tribute to Letterman. The other guests included Alec Baldwin, Barbara Walters, Steve Martin, Jim Carrey, Chris Rock, Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Peyton Manning, Tina Fey, and Bill Murray who all participated in The Top Ten List segment, "Things I've Always Wanted to say to Dave."[44]

In January 2017, Seinfeld went on The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon and joined Dave Chappelle, and Jimmy Fallon in honoring outgoing First Lady Michelle Obama, and played a game of Catchphrase, which Mrs. Obama and Fallon won to Seinfeld's dismay.[45]

Netflix deal

Seinfeld made a deal with the streaming service Netflix that included, Seinfeld and Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee on their streaming service as well as two new Seinfeld stand-up specials and the development of scripted and non-scripted comedy programming for Netflix.[46]

On September 19, 2017, Netflix released the stand-up comedy special Jerry Before Seinfeld. The special follows the comedian as he returns for a stand-up routine at the New York City comedy club, Comic Strip Live, which started his career.[47] The special is intercut with documentary clips and his stand-up special. The special was released as an album and was nominated for a 2018 Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album.[48]

In 2020, it was announced that Netflix would be releasing Seinfeld's first original stand-up special in 22 years titled, 23 Hours to Kill. The special premiered on the streaming service May 5.[49]

Books

Seinfeld wrote the book Seinlanguage, released in 1993. Written as his television show was first rising in popularity, it is primarily an adaptation of his stand-up material. The title comes from an article in Entertainment Weekly listing the numerous catchphrases for which the show was responsible.[50] In 2002, he wrote the children's book Halloween. The book was illustrated by James Bennett.[51] Seinfeld wrote the forewords to Ted L. Nancy's Letters from a Nut series of books and Ed Broth's Stories from a Moron.[52] Seinfeld also wrote the foreword to the Peanut Butter & Co. Cookbook.

Influences

Seinfeld has stated, "On the Mount Rushmore of stand-up comedy, there are four faces, in my opinion: Richard Pryor, George Carlin, Bill Cosby and Don Rickles."[53] Seinfeld has also cited as his influences the humorist Jean Shepherd,[54] Mad Magazine,[55], Jonathan Winters, Jerry Lewis, Robert Klein, and Abbott and Costello.[56][57][58]

In the Netflix comedy special, Jerry Before Seinfeld, he displayed his personal comedy albums collection from when he was a teenager.[59] These albums included:

In an interview with Entertainment Weekly, Seinfeld stated his five favorite comedic films are The Heartbreak Kid (1972), The Graduate (1967), The In-Laws (1979), A Night at the Opera (1935), and Glengarry Glen Ross (1992).[60]

Those influenced by Seinfeld include, John Mulaney, Jim Gaffigan, Judd Apatow, Ellen DeGeneres, and Issa Rae.[61][62][63][64][65]

Personal life

Jessica and Jerry Seinfeld in 2010

In August 1998, Seinfeld met Jessica Sklar at the Reebok Sports Club and they began dating. Sklar, a public relations executive for Tommy Hilfiger, had just returned from a three-week honeymoon in Italy with Eric Nederlander, a theatrical producer and scion of a theater-owning family. Sklar divorced Nederlander—she said in a 2007 interview that they had been engaged in couples' therapy sessions prior to their marriage—and married Seinfeld on December 25, 1999.[66][67] Comedian George Wallace was the best man at the wedding.[68] After the nuptials, Jerry and Jessica Seinfeld bought Billy Joel's house in Amagansett, Long Island, for US$32 million after news of the couple's interest in the property became public in 2000.[69][70] The Seinfelds have one daughter, Sascha, who is currently attending Duke University, and two sons, Julian Kal & Shepherd Kellen.

Years before Seinfeld was created, Seinfeld dated Carol Leifer,[71][72] a fellow comedian and one of the inspirations for the Seinfeld character of Elaine.[73][74] On national TV with Ruth Westheimer, he explained how, in 1984, he was engaged but called it off.[75] When he was 38 years old, Seinfeld started a four-year romantic relationship with Shoshanna Lonstein, who was a 17-year-old high school student when they began dating.[76]

Seinfeld is a fan of the New York Mets, and periodically calls Steve Somers' show on WFAN-AM, a sports talk radio station, as "Jerry from Queens."[77] Seinfeld called four innings of a Mets game on SportsNet New York on June 23, 2010, reuniting with analyst Keith Hernandez, who appeared in the Seinfeld two-part episode, "The Boyfriend."[78]

Politics

Seinfeld has made several political contributions, including to George W. Bush's and Al Gore's presidential campaigns in 2000, and subsequently to four Democratic Party primary candidates in 2000 and 2004.[79]

Religion

Seinfeld stated that he dabbled in Scientology during his 30s,[80] although he says he was never in the organization.[81][82] The association came to light in 1992.[81] In December 2012, Seinfeld said that he had been practicing Transcendental Meditation (TM) for 40 years. He promoted the use of the technique in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder with Bob Roth of the David Lynch Foundation in December 2012 on the Good Morning America television show,[83] and also appeared at a 2009 David Lynch Foundation benefit for TM, at which Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr appeared.[84] On November 5, 2015, the David Lynch Foundation organized a benefit concert at New York City's Carnegie Hall called "Change Begins Within" to promote transcendental meditation for stress control. "It's been the greatest companion technique of living that I've ever come across, and I'm thrilled to be part of this movement that seems to have really been reinvigorated by Bob [Roth] and David Lynch," Seinfeld said. "I would do anything that I could to promote it in the world, because I think it's the greatest thing as a life tool, as a work tool and just making things make sense."[85]

Charity

In 2001, Jerry and Jessica Seinfeld created the charity organization The Good+ foundation after their first child was born. Good+Foundation grants donations of products and services to programs that have demonstrated a capacity to address family poverty in three focus areas: supporting new mothers, investing in early childhood and engaging fathers. Through the generous support of donors and volunteers, GOOD+ Foundation has donated over $50M worth of items through its partner network across the United States.[86]

Seinfeld has also raised $1,766,000 for education, health, children's benefit, Jewish organizations and arts funding. Some of the well-known charities Jerry has contributed to include Autism Speaks, Sloan Kettering Memorial Hospital, National Parks Conservation Association, and Stand Up For A Cure.[87]

Jerry has also participated in Jon Stewart's charity event, Night of Too Many Stars.[88]

Wealth

According to Forbes magazine, Seinfeld's cumulative earnings from Seinfeld as of 2004 was $267 million, placing him at the top of the celebrity earnings list that year.[89] He reportedly turned down $5 million per episode, for 22 episodes, to continue the show for a 10th season.[90] Seinfeld earned $100 million from syndication deals and stand-up performances in 2004, and $60 million in 2006.[91][92] He also earned $10 million for appearing with Bill Gates in Microsoft's 2008 advertisements for Windows.[93] Between June 2008 and June 2009, Seinfeld earned $85 million, making him the world's highest-paid comedian during that 12-month period.[94] In 2013, Forbes documented Seinfeld's annual income as $32 million.[95] In mid-2013, Seinfeld disputed Forbes' claims regarding his income and net worth on the Howard Stern radio show.[96] Seinfeld was ranked by Forbes the highest-paid comedian for 2015, the second-highest paid in 2016 and the highest-paid again in 2017.[97][98] Seinfeld's income between June 2016 and June 2017 was $69 million.[97]

Automobiles

Seinfeld's most common car acquisitions involve Porsche.

Seinfeld is an automobile enthusiast and collector, and he owns a collection of about 150 cars, including a large Porsche collection.[99] He rented a hangar at the Santa Monica Airport in Santa Monica, California, for an extended period of time during the 1990s for storage of some of the vehicles in the collection.[100] In 2002, Seinfeld purchased property on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City where he built a $1.4 million two-story garage to store part of his Porsche collection on the East Coast.[101][102] One tally has Seinfeld owning 43 Porsches.[103] Paul Bannister has written that Seinfeld's collection includes Porsche 911s from various years, 10 Porsche Boxsters each painted a different color, and the 1955 Porsche 550 Spyder, the same model and pearl-grey color that actor James Dean was driving when he crashed and died.[104]

The Discovery Channel television show Chasing Classic Cars claimed that Seinfeld owns the first and last air-cooled Porsche 911s produced. The centerpiece is a $700,000 Porsche 959, one of only 337 built. He was originally not allowed to drive it, because the car was "not street legal." U.S. emissions and crash tests had not been performed for the model because Porsche refused to donate four Porsche 959s for destruction tests. Seinfeld imported the car "for exhibition purposes," on the stipulation that it may never be driven on U.S. roads.[104] The car was made U.S. street legal in 1999 under the "Show and Display" federal law.[105][106] Seinfeld wrote an article for the February 2004 issue of Automobile, reviewing the Porsche Carrera GT.[107]

In 2008, Seinfeld was involved in a car accident when the brakes on his 1967 Fiat 500 failed and, to avoid an intersection, he pulled the emergency brake while turning sharply, ultimately causing the car to come to a stop on its side. Seinfeld was unhurt.[108]

Espresso machines

A noted coffee and espresso machine aficionado, Seinfeld owns multiple espresso machines, including the $17,000 Elektra Belle Epoque[109] and two machines manufactured by Slayer and Breville, respectively.[110] Seinfeld described his single-group Slayer machine, which is reported to cost upwards of $8,500, as a "beautiful machine."[111] When NPR asked him about the influence of coffee culture in the U.S., Seinfeld responded in 2013:

I never liked [coffee] and I didn't understand it and I used to do a lot of stuff in my stand-up set in the '80s and '90s about how I don't 'get' coffee. And then something happened about five years ago. I started touring a lot, and we would have these great big, fun breakfasts in the hotel and [coffee] just seemed to go really well [with breakfast]. [Now], I've just started this espresso thing.[112]

Discography

Comedy specials

Year Title Formats Studio
1987 Stand-Up Confidential VHS HBO
1998–99 Jerry Seinfeld on Broadway:
I'm Telling You for the Last Time
CD/Cassette/Download
VHS/DVD/Streaming
HBO
2017 Jerry Before Seinfeld LP/Streaming Netflix
2020 23 Hours to Kill Streaming Netflix

Filmography

Film

Year Title Role Notes
1996 Eddie Himself Cameo
1999 Pros & Cons Prison Man #2 Cameo
2002 Comedian Himself Documentary; executive producer
2005 The Thing About My Folks Himself Cameo
2007 Bee Movie Barry B. Benson
(voice)
Also co-writer and producer
Nominated – Producers Guild of America Award – Animated Film
Nominated – Kids Choice Award - Favorite Animated Voice
2014 Top Five Himself Uncredited cameo

Television

Year Title Role Notes
1980 Benson Frankie 3 episodes
1982 Square Pegs Bat Mitzvah Guest Episode: Muffy's Bat Mitzvah
1982 An Evening at the Improv Himself Stand-Up Special
1984 The Ratings Game Network Rep Television film
1987 Stand-Up Confidential Himself Stand-Up Special. Released on VHS in 1993.
1989–98 Seinfeld Jerry Seinfeld 180 episodes;
also co-creator, writer and executive producer
1992 Carol Leifer: Gaudy, Bawdy & Blue Himself Television film
1993 Love & War Jerry Seinfeld Episode: Let's Not Call it Love
1992, 99 Saturday Night Live Himself (host) 2 episodes
1993, 98 The Larry Sanders Show Himself 2 episodes
1997 NewsRadio Himself Episode: "The Real Deal"
1998 I'm Telling You for the Last Time Himself Comedy Special
1998 Mad About You Himself Uncredited; Episode: "Season Opener"
1999 Larry David: Curb Your Enthusiasm Himself Television special
2000 Dilbert Comp-U-Comp Voice; Episode: "The Return"
2004, 09 Curb Your Enthusiasm Himself 6 episodes
2007 30 Rock Himself Episode: "SeinfeldVision"
2010–11 The Marriage Ref Himself 9 episodes; also creator and executive producer
2011 Talking Funny Himself Television special, HBO
2012–14 Louie Himself 2 episodes
2012–
present
Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee Himself (Host) 72 episodes;
also creator and executive producer
2014 Don Rickles: One Night Only Himself (host) Television special
2015 Saturday Night Live 40th Anniversary Special Himself Television Special, NBC
2015 Inside Amy Schumer Himself Episode: "80s Ladies"
2016 The Jim Gaffigan Show Himself Episode: "The Calling"
2016 Maya & Marty Himself Episode #1.5
2017 Mystery Science Theater 3000 Freak Masterstroke Episode: "Starcrash"
2017 If You're Not in the Obit, Eat Breakfast Himself Documentary, HBO
2017 Jerry Before Seinfeld Himself Comedy Special/Documentary, Netflix
2018 My Next Guest Needs No Introduction Himself (host) Episode: "You're David Letterman, You Idiot"
2019 Huge in France Himself Episode: Épisode Quatre
2020 23 Hours to Kill Himself Comedy Special, Netflix

Video games

Year Title Role Notes
2007 Bee Movie Game Barry B. Benson (voice)

Writing credits for Seinfeld

The list below only includes episodes mainly written by Seinfeld, as he (and Larry David in Seasons 1 through 7) rewrote the drafts for each episode.

Season Episode Notes
Season 1 The Seinfeld Chronicles with Larry David
Male Unbonding with Larry David
The Stake Out with Larry David
The Stock Tip with Larry David
Season 2 The Ex-Girlfriend with Larry David
The Pony Remark with Larry David
The Busboy with Larry David
The Jacket with Larry David
The Chinese Restaurant with Larry David
The Phone Message with Larry David
Season 3 The Stranded with Larry David and Matt Goldman
Season 4 The Shoes with Larry David
Season 5 The Sniffing Accountant with Larry David
The Raincoats with Larry David, Tom Gammill, and Max Pross
The Opposite with Larry David and Andy Cowan
Season 6 The Kiss Hello with Larry David
Season 7 The Cadillac with Larry David

Awards and nominations

Primetime Emmy Awards

Year Category Project Episode Result Ref.
1991 Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series Seinfeld "The Pony Remark" Nominated [113]
1992 Outstanding Comedy Series Nominated
Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series "The Boyfriend" Nominated
1993 Outstanding Comedy Series Won
Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series "The Opera" Nominated
1994 Outstanding Comedy Series Nominated
Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series "The Puffy Shirt" Nominated
1995 Outstanding Comedy Series Nominated
Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series "The Diplomat's Club" Nominated
1996 Outstanding Comedy Series Nominated
Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series "The Gum" Nominated
1997 Outstanding Comedy Series Nominated
1998 Outstanding Comedy Series Nominated
1999 Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Special I'm Telling You for the Last Time Nominated
2013 Outstanding Short-Format Nonfiction Program Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee Nominated
2014 Outstanding Short-Format Nonfiction Program Nominated
2016 Outstanding Variety Talk Series Nominated
2019 Outstanding Informational Series Nominated
2020 Pending

Grammy Awards

Year Award Performance Result Ref.
1999Best Comedy AlbumI'm Telling You for the Last TimeNominated[114]
2003Spoken Word Album for ChildrenHalloweenNominated[114]
2018Best Comedy AlbumJerry Before SeinfeldNominated[114]

Golden Globe Awards

Year Award Performance Result Ref.
1994Best Comedy Actor - TVSeinfeldWon[115]
1995Best Comedy Actor - TVSeinfeldNominated[115]
1996Best Comedy Actor - TVSeinfeldNominated[115]
1998Best Comedy Actor - TVSeinfeldNominated[115]

Screen Actors Guild Award

Year Award Performance Result Ref.
1994Ensemble in a Comedy SeriesSeinfeldWon[115]
1995Ensemble in a Comedy SeriesSeinfeldNominated[115]
1996Ensemble in a Comedy SeriesSeinfeldWon[115]
1997Ensemble in a Comedy SeriesSeinfeldWon[115]

Other awards

gollark: <@!801501741862223922>
gollark: I don't understand what this is actually doing.
gollark: Actually, when a piece is promoted, it always was the appropriate socially-approved gender for its role.
gollark: Did you know? You can literally learn more listening to a lizard in an hour than you would in a full day at a university. It’s hard to walk around with a gecko balanced on your shoulder, but you get used to the stares.
gollark: Why not just not use the bot...?

References

  1. Haden, Jeff (November 13, 2019). "With a Net Worth of $950 Million, Why Does Jerry Seinfeld Still Work So Hard? His Response Is a Master Class in Achieving Incredible Success". Inc. Archived from the original on March 23, 2020. Retrieved March 23, 2020.
  2. "Jerry Seinfeld". TV Guide. Archived from the original on June 21, 2013. Retrieved November 20, 2014.
  3. "100 Greatest Stand-Ups". Archived from the original on June 5, 2004. via "Comedy Central 100 Greatest Standups of all Time". Listology.com. May 19, 2005. Archived from the original on November 25, 2010. Retrieved October 16, 2012. and "Comedy Central's 100 Greatest Standups of All Time". Ranker.com. Archived from the original on December 12, 2016. Retrieved July 29, 2017.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link) Ranker also archived in two parts: on December 12, 2016, page 2 on July 29, 2017.
  4. Weiner, Jonah (December 20, 2012). "Jerry Seinfeld Intends to Die Standing Up". The New York Times Magazine. Archived from the original on January 21, 2017. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
  5. Cown, Alison Leigh (April 23, 2009). "Seinfeld's Back Story, About Something". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 29, 2017. Retrieved July 29, 2017.
  6. "Kalmen Seinfeld". Geni.com. Archived from the original on July 29, 2017. Retrieved July 29, 2017.
  7. She also used the last name Hesney, per Cowan, The New York Times.
  8. Busch, Anita (April 6, 2017). "If You're Not In The Obit, Eat Breakfast' Documentary About 90+ Generation Gets June Bow On HBO". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on July 29, 2017. Retrieved July 29, 2017. "'I was inspired by Carl, Norman Lear and (the late) Betty Seinfeld,' Shapiro told Deadline. 'Jerry Seinfeld's mom was so vivacious, and she was always having fun and laughing all the way into her 99th year.'
  9. Oppenheimer, Jerry (2002). Seinfeld: The Making of an American Icon. Harper. ISBN 978-0060188726.
  10. Cowan, Alison Leigh (April 23, 2009). "Seinfeld's Back Story, About Something". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 17, 2015. Retrieved June 9, 2015. Kalmen Seinfeld died in 1985 in Florida.... The death certificate noted that he worked in the sign business and was survived by his wife, the former Betty Hesney.
  11. "The Paper Trail of Jerry Seinfeld Leads Back to Ellis Island and Beyond". The New York Times. April 24, 2009. Archived from the original on January 31, 2017. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
  12. Cowan, Alison Leigh (April 23, 2009). "Seinfeld's Back Story, About Something". City Room. Retrieved May 28, 2020.
  13. "Interview with Evan Seinfeld " Teeth of the Divine". www.teethofthedivine.com. Archived from the original on June 29, 2018. Retrieved October 27, 2018.
  14. Kornfeld, Michael (July 23, 1989). "A Single Comedian Is Returning to His Roots". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 8, 2008. Retrieved March 6, 2008.
  15. Kellerman, Vivien (July 28, 1996). "If You're Thinking of Living In/Massapequa Park, L.I.;Fine Schools, Famous Alumni". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014. Retrieved November 20, 2014.
  16. "American Jewish comedian Jerry Seinfeld in Israel to promote new movie". Haaretz. Associated Press. Archived from the original on February 15, 2009. Retrieved May 10, 2009.
  17. Herbert, Geoff (July 20, 2013). "Jerry Seinfeld talks SUNY Oswego, Pop-Tarts, marriage, more during Syracuse performance". The Post-Standard. Syracuse, New York. Archived from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
  18. "Jerry Seinfeld Biography" Film Actor, Screenwriter, Television Actor, Comedian, Television Producer (1954–)". Biography.com (FYI / A&E Networks). Archived from the original on January 5, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
  19. "Seinfeld's Kibbutz Days". Israeli Culture. Archived from the original on February 23, 2001. Retrieved May 10, 2009.
  20. "Jerry Seinfeld". =The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 23, 2011. Retrieved July 18, 2010.
  21. Interview in "How It Began," a special feature in the Seinfeld Season 1 & 2 DVD
  22. Jason Alexander did not appear in "The Pen"; Julia Louis-Dreyfus did not appear in the pilot, "The Trip, Part 1," or "The Trip, Part 2"; and Michael Richards did not appear in "The Chinese Restaurant" or "The Pen."
  23. "Seinfeld's commercial". Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
  24. Elliott, Stuart (March 30, 2004). "Seinfeld and Superman join forces again in spots for American Express, this time on the Web". New York Times. Archived from the original on May 28, 2015. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
  25. Finke, Nikki (February 26, 2007). "Seinfeld Auditioning To Host 80th Oscars?". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on March 28, 2016. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
  26. "Seinfeld to Guest Star on 30 Rock". ComingSoon.net. July 16, 2007. Archived from the original on January 20, 2012. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
  27. Coyle, Jake (August 21, 2008). "Seinfeld to be pitchman for Microsoft". Fox News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 26, 2013. Retrieved October 16, 2012.
  28. "Microsoft Showcase: Watch videos from Microsoft's online video collection". Microsoft. Archived from the original on August 23, 2009. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
  29. Ed Pilkington in New York. "Seinfeld cast 'reunites' on HBO's Curb Your Enthusiasm | Media". The Guardian. Archived from the original on January 31, 2018. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
  30. "Jerry Seinfeld joins the Greater". Greater Building Society. July 9, 2008. Archived from the original on August 10, 2015.
  31. "Jerry Seinfeld films advertisement for Newcastle's Greater Building Society". Daily Telegraph. July 10, 2009. Archived from the original on July 11, 2009.
  32. "New Greater website has exclusive behind the scenes footage from the commercials starring Jerry Seinfeld". Greater Building Society. July 13, 2009. Archived from the original on August 10, 2015.
  33. "Matthew Richardson". The Daily Show. July 13, 2010. Archived from the original on October 17, 2011. Retrieved July 15, 2011.
  34. Daniella Bondar (July 19, 2019). "Every Episode of Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee, Ranked". Vulture.com. Archived from the original on February 15, 2020. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
  35. "Jerry Seinfeld says driving in a car with Barack Obama was the "greatest moment" of his life". HelloGiggles. Archived from the original on December 31, 2019. Retrieved January 8, 2020.
  36. "Kerry Washington, Leonardo DiCaprio, Tom Hanks and More Pay Tribute to Obama in Farewell Video". Hollywood Reporter. January 8, 2017. Archived from the original on December 31, 2019. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
  37. Maglio, Tony (January 17, 2017). "Netflix Nabs 'Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee,' 2 New Jerry Seinfeld Stand-Up Specials". The Wrap. Archived from the original on January 17, 2017. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
  38. Andreeva, Nellie (January 17, 2017). "Comedians In Cars Getting Coffee' Moves To Netflix As Part Of Big Jerry Seinfeld Deal That Includes Specials & Series". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on January 18, 2017. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
  39. "iTunes - Music - The Gifted by Wale". Itunes.apple.com. June 25, 2013. Archived from the original on February 10, 2014. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
  40. Ryan Grenoble (October 6, 2014). "Seinfeld's Advertising Award Acceptance Speech Mercilessly Mocks Ad Execs". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on October 12, 2014. Retrieved October 12, 2014.
  41. Zachary M. Seward (October 5, 2014). "Jerry Seinfeld ripped apart the advertising industry on its biggest night". Quartz. Archived from the original on October 11, 2014. Retrieved October 12, 2014.
  42. "Don Rickles Tribute 'One Night Only' Re-Airs Sunday On Three Viacom Channels". Deadline. Archived from the original on September 8, 2017. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
  43. "Audience Q&A - SNL 40th Anniversary Special" Archived March 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Saturday Night Live
  44. Brian Moylan. "David Letterman's final episode: a stoic but touching send-off for the Late Show | Media". The Guardian. Archived from the original on December 31, 2019. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
  45. "Michelle Obama given star-studded send-off by Dave Chappelle and Jerry Seinfeld on Jimmy Fallon's show". The Independent. Archived from the original on April 17, 2020. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
  46. "Netflix Nabs Seinfeld Streaming Rights in $500 Million-Plus Deal". Vanity Fair. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
  47. Hoffman, Ashley (September 19, 2017). "9 Things We Learned From Jerry Seinfeld's Netflix Special". Time. Archived from the original on September 25, 2017. Retrieved September 24, 2017.
  48. "Jerry Seinfeld - Artist". grammy.com. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
  49. "Jerry Seinfeld has 23 Hours to Kill with comedy in Netflix stand-up special trailer". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on April 24, 2020. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
  50. Fretts, Bruce (April 9, 1993). "Seinlanguage". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on January 1, 2014. Retrieved December 31, 2013.
  51. Jerry Seinfeld. Halloween. (Illustrated by James Bennett).
  52. Wloszczyna, Susan (April 28, 2005). "Seinfeld stirs up publicity". USA Today. Archived from the original on May 2, 2012. Retrieved May 6, 2010.
  53. Hillary Busis (April 6, 2017). "Seinfeld, Stewart, Fey and more salute insult master Don Rickles: The night's best jokes". Yahoo.com. Archived from the original on December 30, 2019. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
  54. Video on YouTube
  55. "Before the master comes to Netflix". thepopbreak.com. 2017. Archived from the original on December 30, 2019. Retrieved April 30, 2020.
  56. Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee (TV). S10E12 Here's Jerry: Netflix. July 6, 2018.CS1 maint: location (link)
  57. Seinfeld, Jerry (April 1, 2007). Jerry Seinfeld: The Comedian Award (TV). HBO.
  58. Tucker, Ken (November 25, 1994). "TV Review: Abbott & Costello Meet Jerry Seinfeld". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on April 25, 2009. Retrieved November 15, 2009.
  59. "The greatest hits collection Jerry Before Seinfeld gives the people what they want". Tv.avclub.com. September 19, 2017. Archived from the original on December 30, 2019. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
  60. "Jerry Seinfeld names his favorite funny movies". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on June 2, 2019. Retrieved April 6, 2020.
  61. "John Mulaney on What's Next After 'Kid Gorgeous' - John Mulaney October 2019 Cover Story". Esquire. September 12, 2019. Archived from the original on January 30, 2020. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
  62. "Comedians in Cars, Political Correctness, Current Tour - Jim Gaffigan Answers Your Questions". Retrieved February 12, 2020 via YouTube.
  63. Jonah Weiner (December 23, 2012). "Jerry Seinfeld Intends to Die Standing Up". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 6, 2019. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
  64. "Ellen DeGeneres, Minus the Dancing, Arrives on Netflix". The Ringer. December 18, 2018. Archived from the original on May 23, 2019. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
  65. "Issa Rae Talks YouTube Stardom, 'Seinfeld' Influence, & Larry Wilmore on 'Breakfast Club'". Complex. Archived from the original on December 30, 2019. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
  66. Allen Salkin (November 4, 2007). "How I Met Jerry Seinfeld, Scene 1, Take 2". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 18, 2015. Retrieved January 31, 2014.
  67. Bridget Byrne (December 25, 1999). "NEWS/ Jerry Seinfeld: Married Man!". E!. Archived from the original on February 9, 2014. Retrieved January 31, 2014.
  68. Timothy McDarrah (January 17–18, 2004). "VegasBeat — Columnist Timothy McDarrah: Seinfeld will stand, by George". Las Vegas Sun. Archived from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved January 31, 2014.
  69. Amy Schellenbaum (October 25, 2013). "Inside Jerry Seinfeld's 'Laid-Back,' $32M Hamptons Mansion". Yahoo! Homes. Archived from the original on February 24, 2014. Retrieved January 31, 2014.
  70. "Billy Joel's East Hampton $40 Million Home To Seinfeld". Chicago Tribune. March 3, 2000. Archived from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved January 31, 2014.
  71. Levine, Josh (1993). Jerry Seinfeld: Much Ado About Nothing. ECW Press. p. 77. ISBN 1550222015.
  72. "Comedian Secrets Revealed! Behind-the-scenes stories of Jerry Seinfeld, Ray Romano, and more before they were stars". Fox News. October 15, 2012. Archived from the original on October 18, 2012. Retrieved October 16, 2012.
  73. Levine, Josh (2010). Pretty, Pretty, Pretty Good: Larry David and the Making of Seinfeld and Curb Your Enthusiasm. ECW Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-1550229479.
  74. "Comedienne CAROL LEIFER ("Leefer")". NPR. December 15, 1993. Archived from the original on February 9, 2014. Retrieved October 16, 2012.
  75. Jerry Seinfeld and Dr. Ruth talk sex - 1986. August 6, 2011. Archived from the original on October 29, 2015. Retrieved September 11, 2015 via YouTube.
  76. "Shoshanna Lonstein." Biography in Context. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Gale Biography In Context. Web. Feb 10. 2011.
  77. "Mets Seinfeld And The Schmoozer: 'Jerry From Queens' Talks Mets Magic On WFAN". CBS Local. June 5, 2012. Archived from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved January 31, 2014.
  78. Jesse Sanchez. "Seinfeld to grace Mets booth Wednesday". MLB.com. Archived from the original on November 4, 2012. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
  79. "Jerry Seinfeld's Federal Campaign Contribution Report", Newsmeat — America's most popular campaign donor search engine. Accessed May 10, 2008. Archived October 10, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  80. "Seinfeld admits he dabbled in Scientology". TODAY.com. Archived from the original on July 3, 2011.
  81. Josh Levine (October 1, 1993). Jerry Seinfeld: Much Ado About Nothing. ECW Press. pp. 19–20. ISBN 978-1-55022-201-2. Archived from the original on February 25, 2017. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
  82. Shales, Tom (April 22, 1992). "Seinfeld, a Stand-Up Kind of Guy; The Star of NBC's Hip, Hot Half-Hour, on Comedy With a Heart of Darkness". The Washington Post. p. B1.
  83. "Jerry Seinfeld on Importance of Meditation for PTSD". ABC News. December 13, 2012. Archived from the original on September 7, 2013. Retrieved March 7, 2007.
  84. Glenn Gamboa (April 6, 2009). "At Radio City, Paul and Ringo together again". PopMatters. Archived from the original on February 24, 2014. Retrieved January 31, 2014.
  85. Grow, Kory. "Katy Perry, Sting Stun at David Lynch's Meditation Benefit Concert - Jerry Seinfeld, Angelique Kidjo, Jim James and others also perform and explain relaxation technique's importance to them at New York's Carnegie Hall". Rolling Stone Magazine. Archived from the original on November 20, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2015.
  86. "Jerry Seinfeld – Comedian, Actor, and Philanthropist". foundtaionguide.org. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  87. "The 20 Most Charitable Celebrities in Hollywood". Moneyinc.com. Archived from the original on September 3, 2016. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  88. "COMEDY CENTRAL® TEAMS UP AGAIN WITH JON STEWART'S BUSBOY PRODUCTIONS AND NEW YORK COLLABORATES FOR AUTISM FOR ON-AIR CHARITY SPECIAL "NIGHT OF TOO MANY STARS: AMERICA COMES TOGETHER FOR AUTISM PROGRAMS"". Comedy Central (Press release). Archived from the original on July 6, 2015. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  89. "Forbes list". Archived from the original on January 16, 2010. Retrieved December 18, 2007.
  90. "Seinfeld to end show". CNN. December 26, 1997. Archived from the original on December 6, 2007. Retrieved December 18, 2007.
  91. "The Celebrity 100". Forbes.com. Archived from the original on January 23, 2012. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
  92. "The Celebrity 100 - Forbes.com". Forbes. June 14, 2007. Archived from the original on July 30, 2017. Retrieved September 1, 2017.
  93. TV Guide, September 7, 2008.
  94. Rose, Lacey (July 13, 2009). "The Top-Earning Comedians". Forbes. Archived from the original on September 6, 2017. Retrieved September 1, 2017.
  95. "Jerry Seinfeld annual income Forbes". Forbes. Archived from the original on October 1, 2013. Retrieved September 16, 2013.
  96. "Jerry Seinfeld talks comedy for 90 minutes with Howard Stern". The Comic's Comic. Archived from the original on August 22, 2019. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
  97. "The Highest-Paid Comedians 2015". Forbes. Archived from the original on October 22, 2015. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
  98. Berg, Madeline (July 27, 2017). "The World's Highest-Paid Comedians 2017: Jerry Seinfeld Returns To The Top Spot". Forbes. Archived from the original on July 27, 2017. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
  99. "Jerry Seinfeld Intends to Die Standing Up". The New York Times. December 23, 2012. Archived from the original on January 21, 2017. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
  100. Bjorklund, Dennis (September 2017). Seinfeld Reference: The Complete Encyclopedia with Biographies, Character Profiles & Episode Summaries. Praetorian Publishing. ISBN 9780967985244. Archived from the original on June 10, 2016. Retrieved April 22, 2015.
  101. Inside Jerry Seinfeld's Super Secret Manhattan Garage Archived October 28, 2016, at the Wayback Machine (Retrieved from TheComplex.com on October 28, 2016)
  102. Seinfeld Builds a Parking Lot Archived October 28, 2016, at the Wayback Machine (Retrieved from Observer on October 28, 2016)
  103. "Inside Jerry Seinfeld's Super Secret Manhattan Garage". Complex. April 24, 2013. Archived from the original on April 20, 2014.
  104. Bannister, Paul. The Comedians. pp. 74–75.
  105. "William Gates III". Forbes. Archived from the original on December 23, 2008. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
  106. "How To Import A Motor Vehicle For Show Or Display". National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Archived from the original on October 18, 2009. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
  107. "Jerry Seinfeld Reviews the Porsche Carrera GT". Automobile. February 2004. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  108. Phil Foraday (April 5, 2008). "The real story about Jerry Seinfeld's Mystery Car Crash". Automobile Magazine. Archived from the original on February 10, 2018. Retrieved February 9, 2018.
  109. Chen, Joyce. "Jerry Seinfeld's Hamptons Home Has a $17,000 Coffee Maker". Architectural Digest. Archived from the original on December 18, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
  110. Michelman, Jordan. "Jerry Seinfeld Of Comedians In Cars Getting Coffee: The Sprudge Interview". Sprudge. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
  111. Weiss, Zachery (March 12, 2018). "Jerry Seinfeld's Favorite Coffee Machine Starts at $8,499". InsideHook. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
  112. "So Jerry Seinfeld Called Us To Talk About Coffee". NPR.org. Archived from the original on April 25, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
  113. "Jerry Seinfeld". Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. Archived from the original on May 15, 2013. Retrieved April 29, 2018.
  114. "Jerry Seinfeld | Artist". Grammy Awards. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
  115. Jerry Seinfeld - Awards Archived January 19, 2017, at the Wayback Machine IMDb. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.