Heptathlon
A heptathlon is a track and field combined events contest made up of seven events.[1] The name derives from the Greek hepta (seven) and ἄθλος (áthlos, or ἄθλον, áthlon, meaning "feat"). A competitor in a heptathlon is referred to as a heptathlete.
There are two heptathlons – the women's heptathlon and the men's – composed of different events. The men's heptathlon is older and is held indoors, while the women's is held outdoors and was introduced in the 1980s, first appearing in the Olympics in 1984.
Women's heptathlon
Women's heptathlon is the combined event for women contested in the athletics programme of the Olympics and at the IAAF World Championships. The IAAF Combined Events Challenge determines a yearly women's heptathlon champion. The women's outdoor heptathlon consists of the following events, with the first four contested on the first day, and the remaining three on day two:
The heptathlon has been contested by female athletes since the early 1980s, when it replaced the pentathlon as the primary women's combined event contest (the javelin throw and 800 m were added). It was first contested at the Olympic level in the 1984 Summer Olympics. In recent years some women's decathlon competitions have been conducted, consisting of the same events as the men's competition in a slightly different order, and the IAAF has begun keeping records for it, but the heptathlon remains the championship-level combined event for women. Nafissatou Thiam, representing Belgium, is the 2016 Olympic Gold Medallist, Katarina Johnson-Thompson, representing Great Britain, is the current World Champion.
There is also a Tetradecathlon, which is a double heptathlon, consisting of 14 events, seven events per day.
Points system
The heptathlon scoring system was devised by Dr Karl Ulbrich, a Viennese mathematician. The formulae are constructed so that, for each event, a designated "standard" performance (for example, approximately 1.82 m for the high jump) scores 1000 points.[2] Each event also has a minimum recordable performance level (e.g. 0.75 m for the high jump), corresponding to zero points. The formulae are devised so that successive constant increments in performance correspond to gradually increasing increments in points awarded.
The events are split into three groups, and the scores are calculated according to the three formulae:[3]
- Running events (200 m, 800 m and 100 m hurdles):
- Jumping events (high jump and long jump):
- Throwing events (shot put and javelin):
P is for points, T is for time in seconds, M is for height or length in centimeters and D is length in meters. a, b and c have different values for each of the events, as follows:
Event | a | b | c |
---|---|---|---|
200 metres | 4.99087 | 42.5 | 1.81 |
800 metres | 0.11193 | 254 | 1.88 |
100 metres hurdles | 9.23076 | 26.7 | 1.835 |
High jump | 1.84523 | 75.0 | 1.348 |
Long jump | 0.188807 | 210 | 1.41 |
Shot put | 56.0211 | 1.50 | 1.05 |
Javelin throw | 15.9803 | 3.80 | 1.04 |
Benchmarks
The following table shows the benchmark levels needed to earn 1000, 900, 800 and 700 points in each event.
Event | 1000 pts | 900 pts | 800 pts | 700 pts | Unit |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
100 m hurdles | 13.85 | 14.56 | 15.32 | 16.12 | Seconds |
High jump | 1.82 | 1.74 | 1.66 | 1.57 | Metres |
Shot put | 17.07 | 15.58 | 14.09 | 12.58 | Metres |
200 m | 23.80 | 24.86 | 25.97 | 27.14 | Seconds |
Long jump | 6.48 | 6.17 | 5.84 | 5.50 | Metres |
Javelin throw | 57.18 | 52.04 | 46.87 | 41.68 | Metres |
800 m | 2:07.63 | 2:14.52 | 2:21.77 | 2:29.47 | Minutes |
Women's world records compared with heptathlon bests
Event | Type | Athlete | Record | Score | Percentage /Points difference | Notes/Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
100 m hurdles | ||||||
WR | Kendra Harrison | 12.20 s | 1248 | 97.29% | ||
HB | Jessica Ennis | 12.54 s | 1195 | −53 | [4] | |
High jump | ||||||
WR | Stefka Kostadinova | 2.09 m | 1359 | 94.74% | ||
HB | Nafissatou Thiam | 2.02 m | 1264 | −95 | ||
Shot put | ||||||
WR | Natalya Lisovskaya | 22.63 m | 1378 | 76.49% | ||
HB | Austra Skujytė | 17.31 m | 1016 | −362 | [5] | |
200 m | ||||||
WR | Florence Griffith Joyner | 21.34 s | 1251 | 95.70% | ||
HB | Jackie Joyner Kersee | 22.30 s | 1150 | −101 | ||
Long jump | ||||||
WR | Galina Chistyakova | 7.52 m | 1351 | 96.68% | ||
HB | Jackie Joyner Kersee | 7.27 m | 1264 | −87 | ||
Javelin[note 1] | ||||||
WR | Barbora Špotáková | 72.28 m | 1295 | 84.26% | current 1999 model | |
HB | Barbora Špotáková | 60.90 m | 1072 | −223 | current 1999 model[6] | |
WR | Petra Felke | 80.00 m | 1448 | 80.80% | old model | |
HB | Tessa Sanderson | 64.64 m | 1145 | −303 | old model | |
800 m | ||||||
WR | Jarmila Kratochvílová | 1:53.28 min:s | 1224 | 92.97% | ||
HB | Nadine Debois | 2:01.84 min:s | 1087 | −137 | ||
Total | World record | 9106 | ||||
Heptathlon bests | 8048 | −1058 |
Men's heptathlon
The other version is an indoor competition, normally contested by men only. It is the men's combined event in the IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics. The men's indoor heptathlon consists of the following events, with the first four contested on the first day, and remaining three on day two:
The scoring is similar for both versions. In each event, the athlete scores points for his/her performance in each event according to scoring tables issued by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF).[7] The athlete accumulating the highest number of points wins the competition.
Benchmarks
The following table shows the minimum benchmark levels required to earn 1000 points in each event.
Event | 1000pts | Units |
---|---|---|
60 m | 6.68 | Seconds |
Long jump | 7.76 | Metres |
Shot put | 18.40 | Metres |
High jump | 2.21 | Metres |
60 m hurdles | 7.69 | Seconds |
Pole vault | 5.29 | Metres |
1000 m | 149.00 | Seconds |
Men's world records compared with heptathlon bests
Event | Type | Athlete | Record | Score | Difference in points scored | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
60 m | ||||||
WR | Christian Coleman | 6.34 s | 1130 | |||
HB | Chris Huffins | 6.61 s | 1026 | −85 | ||
Long jump | ||||||
WR | Carl Lewis | 8.79 m | 1268 | |||
HB | Ashton Eaton | 8.16 m | 1102 | −166 | [8] | |
Shot put | ||||||
WR | Randy Barnes | 22.66 m | 1266 | |||
HB | Aleksey Drozdov | 17.17 m | 924 | −342 | ||
High jump | ||||||
WR | Javier Sotomayor | 2.45 m | 1244 | |||
HB | Derek Drouin | 2.30 m | 1091 | −132 | [9] | |
60 m hurdles | ||||||
WR | Colin Jackson | 7.30 s | 1101 | |||
HB | Ashton Eaton | 7.60 s | 1022 | −79 | ||
Pole vault | ||||||
WR | Armand Duplantis | 6.18 m | 1284 | |||
HB | Alex Averbukh | 5.60 m | 1100 | −184 | ||
1000 m | ||||||
WR | Wilson Kipketer | 2:14.96 | 1172 | |||
HB | Curtis Beach | 2:23.63 | 1064 | −108 | ||
Total | World record | 8425 | ||||
Heptathlon bests | 7329 | −1096 |
All-time top 25 heptathletes
Women
- Correct as of October 2019[10]
Rank | Score | Athlete | Venue | Date | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 7291 | Seoul | 23–24 September 1988 | ||
2 | 7032 | Osaka | 25–26 August 2007 | ||
3 | 7013 | Götzis | 27–28 May 2017 | [11] | |
4 | 7007 | Bryansk | 10–11 June 1989 | ||
5 | 6985 | Götzis | 30–31 May 1992 | ||
6 | 6981 | Doha | 2–3 October 2019 | [12] | |
7 | 6955 | London | 3–4 August 2012 | ||
8 | 6946 | Potsdam | 5–6 May 1984 | ||
9 | 6942 | Götzis | 25–26 May 1996 | ||
10 | 6935 | Moscow | 18–19 June 1983 | ||
11 | 6889 | Arles | 4–5 June 2005 | ||
12 | 6859 | Kiev | 20–21 June 1984 | ||
13 | 6858 | Seoul | 23–24 September 1988 | ||
14 | 6847 | Barcelona | 1–2 August 1992 | ||
15 | 6836 | Götzis | 27–28 May 2017 | [13] | |
16 | 6832 | Osaka | 25–26 August 2007 | ||
17 | 6831 | Götzis | 29–30 July 2000 | ||
18 | 6815 | Götzis | 27–28 May 2017 | [14] | |
19 | 6808 | Götzis | 30–31 May 2015 | ||
20 | 6803 | Talence | 15–16 September 1984 | ||
21 | 6778 | Barcelona | 30–31 July 2010 | ||
22 | 6765 | Tula | 22–23 July 2000 | ||
23 | 6750 | Beijing | 11–12 September 1993 | ||
24 | 6742 | Götzis | 26–27 May 2018 | [15] | |
25 | 6741 | Talence | 10–11 September 1994 |
Below is a list of all other scores equal or superior to 6875 pts:
- Jackie Joyner-Kersee also scored 7215 (1988), 7158 (1986), 7148 (1986), 7128 (1987), 7044 (1992), 6979 (1987), 6910 (1986), 6878 (1991).
- Carolina Klüft also scored 7001 (2003), 6952 (2004), 6887 (2005).
- Jessica Ennis also scored 6906 (2012).
- Sabine John (Paetz) also scored 6897 (1988).
- Larisa Nikitina also scored 6875 (1989).
The following athletes have had their performances (inside 6741) annulled due to doping offense:
- Tatyana Chernova scored 6880 (2011).
Men
- As of March 2018[16]
Rank | Score | Athlete | Date | Location | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 6645 | 9–10 March 2012 | Istanbul | ||
2 | 6479 | 4–5 March 2017 | Belgrade | [17] | |
3 | 6476 | 13–14 March 1993 | Toronto | ||
4 | 6438 | 6–7 March 2004 | Budapest | ||
5 | 6424 | 25–26 February 2000 | Ghent | ||
6 | 6418 | 28–29 February 1992 | Genoa | ||
7 | 6415 | 28 February–1 March 1998 | Valencia | ||
8 | 6412 | 7–8 February 2003 | Moscow | ||
9 | 6374 | 6–7 March 1999 | Maebashi | ||
10 | 6372 | 2–3 March 2013 | Gothenburg | ||
11 | 6371 | 8–9 March 2008 | Valencia | ||
12 | 6362 | 7-8 March 2009 | Turin | ||
13 | 6361 | 15-16 March 2003 | Birmingham | ||
14 | 6353 | 7-8 March 2015 | Prague | ||
15 | 6343 | 2–3 March 2018 | Birmingham | [18] | |
16 | 6303 | 7-8 March 2014 | Sopot | ||
17 | 6300 | 12-13 March 2010 | Penza | ||
18 | 6293 | 6-7 March 1999 | Maebashi | ||
19 | 6291 | 2-3 February 2002 | Tallinn | ||
20 | 6279 | 13-14 March 1993 | Toronto | ||
7-8 March 2015 | Prague | ||||
22 | 6273 | 27-28 February 2015 | Boston | ||
23 | 6265 | 2–3 March 2018 | Birmingham | [19] | |
24 | 6259 | 7-8 March 2014 | Sopot | ||
25 | 6254 | 30-31 January 2010 | Zaporizhia |
Below is a list of all other scores equal or superior to 6319 pts:
- Ashton Eaton also scored 6632 (2014), 6568 (2011), 6499 (2010), 6470 (2016).
- Roman Šebrle also scored 6420 (2001), 6358 (2000), 6350 (2004), 6319 (1999).
- Sebastian Chmara also scored 6386 (1999).
- Bryan Clay also scored 6365 (2004).
- Kevin Mayer also scored 6348 (2018).
- Eelco Sintnicolaas also scored 6341 (2013).
Medalists
Women's Olympic medalists
Women's World Championships medalists
Men's World Indoor Championships medalists
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1995 Barcelona |
|||
1997 Paris |
|||
1999 Maebashi |
|||
2001 Lisbon |
|||
2003 Birmingham |
|||
2004 Budapest |
|||
2006 Moscow |
|||
2008 Valencia |
|||
2010 Doha |
|||
2012 Istanbul |
|||
2014 Sopot |
|||
2016 Portland |
|||
2018 Birmingham |
Season's bests
Women's heptathlon
Men's indoor heptathlon
Year | Score | Athlete | Location |
---|---|---|---|
1999 | 6386 | Maebashi | |
2000 | 6424 | Ghent | |
2001 | 6420 | Lisbon | |
2002 | 6291 | Tallinn | |
2003 | 6412 | Moscow | |
2004 | 6438 | Budapest | |
2005 | 6232 | Madrid | |
2006 | 6229 | Moscow | |
2007 | 6196 | Birmingham | |
2008 | 6371 | Valencia | |
2009 | 6362 | Turin | |
2010 | 6499 | Fayetteville | |
2011 | 6568 | Tallinn | |
2012 | 6645 | Istanbul | |
2013 | 6372 | Gothenburg | |
2014 | 6632 | Sopot | |
2015 | 6353 | Prague | |
2016 | 6470 | Portland | |
2017 | 6479 | Belgrade |
National records
Men’s heptathlon
Score | Country/Territory | Athlete | Date | Place | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
5980 | Samuel Remédios | 10–11 February 2018 | Pombal | [20] | |
5915 | Simon Ehammer | 1–2 February 2020 | Magglingen | [21] | |
5596 | Trpimir Široki | 30 January 2020 | Lubbock | [22] | |
5562 | Bogdan Popa | 1–2 March 2012 | Bucharest | ||
Women's heptathlon
Score | Country/Territory | Athlete | Date | Place | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
7291 | Jackie Joyner-Kersee | 1988-09-24 | Seoul | ||
7032 | Carolina Klüft | 2007-08-26 | Osaka | ||
7013 | Nafissatou Thiam | 27–28 May 2017 | Götzis | [23] | |
7007 | Larisa Nikitina | 1989-06-11 | Bryansk | ||
6985 | Sabine Braun | 1992-05-31 | Götzis | ||
6981 | Katarina Johnson-Thompson | 2–3 October 2019 | Doha | [24] | |
6942 | Ghada Shouaa | 1996-05-26 | Götzis | ||
6889 | Eunice Barber | 2005-06-05 | Arles | ||
6832 | Lyudmyla Blonska | 2007-08-26 | Osaka | ||
6815 | Laura Ikauniece-Admidiņa | 27–28 May 2017 | Götzis | [25] | |
6808 | Brianne Theisen-Eaton | 30–31 May 2015 | Götzis | [26] | |
6750 | Ma Miaolan | 1993-09-12 | Beijing | ||
6695 | Jane Flemming | 1990-01-28 | Auckland | ||
6658 | Svetla Dimitrova | 1992-05-31 | Götzis | ||
6636 | Anouk Vetter | 5–6 August 2017 | London | [27] | |
6635 | Svetlana Buraga | 1993-08-18 | Stuttgart | ||
6619 | Liliana Nastase | 1992-08-02 | Barcelona | ||
6619 | Xénia Krizsán | 22–23 June 2019 | Talence | [28] | |
6616 | Małgorzata Nowak | 1985-08-31 | Kobe | ||
6604 | Remigija Nazaroviene | 1989-06-11 | Bryansk | ||
6594 | Yorgelis Rodríguez | 5–6 August 2017 | London | [29] | |
6591 | Verena Preiner | 29–30 June 2019 | Ratingen | [30] | |
6527 | Diane Guthrie-Gresham | 2–3 June 1995 | Knoxville | ||
6460 | Eliška Klučinová | 14–15 June 2014 | Kladno | [31] | |
6423 | Margaret Simpson | 28–29 May 2005 | Götzis | ||
6416 | Eunice Barber | 1996-09-15 | Talence | ||
6404 | Satu Ruotsalainen | 1991-08-27 | Tokyo | ||
6392 | Yasmina Azzizi | 1991-08-27 | Tokyo | ||
6371 | Vera Yurchenko | 1987-09-20 | Lviv | ||
6371 | Akela Jones | 10–11 June 2015 | Eugene | [32] | |
6357 | Géraldine Ruckstuhl | 20–21 July 2017 | Grosseto | [33] | |
6285 | Evelis Aguilar | 31 July–1 August 2018 | Barranquilla | ||
6280 | Grit Šadeiko | 27–28 May 2017 | Götzis | [34] | |
6278 | Joanne Henry | 1992-03-01 | Auckland | ||
6235 | Aryiro Strataki | 27–28 May 2006 | Götzis | ||
6230 | Naide Gomes | 2005-07-17 | Logroño | ||
6230 | Marthe Koala | 17–18 June 2017 | Kladno | [35] | |
6226 | Ida Marcusen | 2007-08-26 | Osaka | ||
6212 | Yekaterina Voronina | 18–19 September 2015 | Tashkent | ||
6211 | Javur Jagadeeshappa Shobha | 17 March 2004 | New Delhi | ||
6188 | Vanessa Spinola | 2–3 July 2016 | São Bernardo do Campo | [36] | |
6185 | Gertrud Bacher | 9 May 1999 | Desenzano del Garda | ||
6153 | Uhunoma Osazuwa | 24–25 June 2016 | Durban | [37] | |
6131 | Odile Ahouanwanou | 17–18 June 2017 | Kladno | [38] | |
6124 A | Alysbeth Felix | 25–26 June 2016 | Cali | [39] | |
6103 | Lucia Slanicková | 17–18 June 2017 | Kladno | [40] | |
6093 | Kate O'Connor | 18–19 July 2019 | Borås | [41] | |
6074 | Tyra Gittens | 4–6 May 2018 | Knoxville | [42] | |
6050 | Makeba Alcide | 6–7 June 2013 | Eugene | [43] | |
6031 | Svetlana Gnezdilov | 12–13 August 2003 | Tel Aviv | ||
5989 | Luisarys Toledo | 25–26 May 2019 | Lima | [44] | |
5962 | Yuki Nakata | 4–5 June 2004 | Tottori | ||
5907 | Anna Camila Pirelli | 7–8 August 2019 | Lima | [45] | |
5905 | Carmen Ramos | 7–8 July 2018 | Soria | [46] | |
5817 | Anaelle Nyabeu Djapa | 24–25 May 2014 | Arona | [47] | |
5815 | Fiorella Chiappe | 4–5 March 2017 | Buenos Aires | [48] | |
5786 | Jessamyn Sauceda | 24–25 July 2015 | Toronto | [49] | |
5723 | Vanessa Jules | 23 May 2015 | Chula Vista | ||
5686 | Nada Chroudi | 27–28 April 2018 | Florence | [50] | |
5611 | Lucija Cvitanović | 12–13 May 2016 | Orlando | [51] | |
5555 | Houda Mohamed Atef | 24–25 June 2016 | Durban | [52] | |
5443 | Maya Neal | 11–12 May 2017 | Columbia | [53] | |
5400 | Shianne Smith | 1–2 May 2015 | Aubagne | [54] | |
5386 | Emilia Nova | 24–25 August 2017 | Kuala Lumpur | [55] | |
5346 | Elma Muros-Posadas | 13–14 December 1998 | Bangkok | ||
5338 | Kieshonna Brooks | 11–12 May 2018 | Knoxville | [56] | |
5221 | Adrine Monagi | 15–16 March 2017 | San Angelo | [57] | |
5247 | Norliyana Kamaruddin | 24–25 August 2017 | Kuala Lumpur | [58] | |
5020 | Melissa Arana | 11–12 April 2015 | Asunción | [59] | |
4954 A | Ana María Porras | 13–14 July 2018 | Guatemala City | ||
4844 | Corlia Kruger | 24–25 April 2015 | Stellenbosch | [60] | |
4817 | Katy Sealy | 17–18 June 2016 | San Salvador | [61] | |
4817 | Chelsey Linton | 12–13 May 2017 | Wichita | [62] | |
4464 | Dee-Anne Rogers | 10–11 July 2013 | Kazan | ||
4547 | W.V. Lakshika Sugandhi | 9–10 July 2016 | Diyagama | [63] | |
4352 | Julianne Dorothal | 26–27 March 2016 | St. George's | [64] | |
4197 | Arianna Hayde | 15–16 April 2017 | Willemstad | [65] | |
4013 | Manivanh Chanthavong | 24–25 August 2017 | Kuala Lumpur | [66] | |
3770 | Fatima Mazaher Sassani | 14–15 March 2015 | Muscat | ||
3561 | Salsabeel Khaled Al-Sayyar | 14–15 March 2015 | Muscat | ||
3484 | Heba Hamood Al-Asimi | 14–15 March 2015 | Muscat | ||
3116 | Sanadia Forbes | 4–5 April 2015 | Basseterre | ||
2665 | Karnella Anguezomo Mintsa | 17–18 April 2015 | Bourges |
See also
Other multiple event contests include:
Summer sports
- Biathle
- Duathlon
- Triathlon
- Quadrathlon
- Pentathlon (athletics)
- Pentathlon
- Modern pentathlon
- Hexathlon (primarily a youth or junior event)
- Octathlon (primarily a youth or junior event although logistical problems have seen senior octathlons contested, for example at the 2007 South Pacific Games)
- Decathlon
Winter sports
Other
Notes
- Women's javelin was redesigned in 1999 and all records started fresh. Point allocation for Heptathlon remained the same, but the comparison is being made between the WR and Heptathlon best of the current model.
Notes and references
- "Heptathlon – Definition". Merriam-webster.com. 2012-08-31. Retrieved 2013-08-18.
- "London 2012: Jessica Ennis leads heptathlon after first day", The Guardian, 3 August 2012
- "IAAF Scoring Tables for Combined Events" (PDF). IAAF. April 2004. p. 15. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 10, 2008. Retrieved August 5, 2012.
- "Women's Heptathlon 100 Metres Hurdles Results". IAAF. August 3, 2012. Retrieved August 5, 2012.
- "Women's Heptathlon Shot Put Results". IAAF. August 3, 2012. Retrieved August 6, 2012.
- Hans van Kuijen (September 16, 2012). "Van Alphen and Yosypenko prevail in Talence – IAAF Combined Events Challenge". IAAF. Retrieved September 18, 2012.
- Archived September 10, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- "Long Jump Results" (PDF). IAAF. March 9, 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 27, 2012. Retrieved March 9, 2012.
- Krajewski, Casey (February 22, 2013). "Drouin Jumps to World Record in Heptathlon". Indiana Daily Student. Archived from the original on June 6, 2014. Retrieved February 22, 2013.
- Heptathlon – women – senior – outdoor. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-01-25.
- Diego Sampaolo (28 May 2017). "Thiam scores 7013 to break meeting record in Götzis". IAAF. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
- "Heptathlon Results" (PDF). IAAF. 3 October 2019. Retrieved 5 October 2019.
- Diego Sampaolo (28 May 2017). "Thiam scores 7013 to break meeting record in Götzis". IAAF. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
- Diego Sampaolo (28 May 2017). "Thiam scores 7013 to break meeting record in Götzis". IAAF. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
- Diego Sampaolo (27 May 2018). "World leads for Thiam and Warner in Gotzis". IAAF. Retrieved 28 May 2018.
- Heptathlon – men – senior – indoor. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-01-25.
- "Men's Heptathlon Results" (PDF). European Athletics. 5 March 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
- "Men's Heptathlon Results" (PDF). IAAF. 3 March 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
- "Men's Heptathlon Results" (PDF). IAAF. 3 March 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
- "Warholm closes his indoor season with a world best in Tampere". EAA. 12 February 2018. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
- "Mehrkampf-Gold für Simon Ehammer und Caroline Agnou" (in German). Swiss Athletics. 2 February 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- "Heptathlon Results". tfrrs.org. 30 January 2020. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
- Diego Sampaolo (28 May 2017). "Thiam scores 7013 to break meeting record in Götzis". IAAF. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
- "Heptathlon Results" (PDF). IAAF. 3 October 2019. Retrieved 5 October 2019.
- Diego Sampaolo (28 May 2017). "Thiam scores 7013 to break meeting record in Götzis". IAAF. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
- Diego Sampaolo (31 May 2015). "Kazmirek and Theisen Eaton triumph in Gotzis". IAAF. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
- "Heptathlon Results" (PDF). IAAF. 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
- Quentin Guillon (23 June 2019). "Thiam battles injury to score world lead while LePage breaks through in Talence". IAAF. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
- "Heptathlon Results" (PDF). IAAF. 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
- Gabriella Pieraccini (30 June 2019). "Olympic standard for Kazmirek and Austrian record for Preiner in Ratingen". IAAF. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
- Michal Osoba (15 June 2014). "Special K day! Kasyanov and Klucinova triumph in Kladno – IAAF Combined Events Challenge". IAAF. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
- "Heptathlon Results". ncaa.com. 11 June 2015. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
- "Heptathlon Results". EAA. 21 July 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
- "Grit Šadeiko püstitas Götzise seitsmevõistlusel uue Eesti rekordi, Õiglane alistas 8000 punkti piiri (76)". delfi.ee (in Estonian). 28 May 2017. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
- Michal Osoba (18 June 2017). "Cachova and Bourrada victorious at TNT Express meeting in Kladno". IAAF. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
- Eduardo Biscayart (3 July 2016). "Murer soars over South American record of 4.87m at Brazilian Championships". IAAF. Retrieved 3 July 2016.
- Wesley Botton (25 June 2016). "Aprot takes African 10,000m title". IAAF. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
- Michal Osoba (18 June 2017). "Cachova and Bourrada victorious at TNT Express meeting in Kladno". IAAF. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
- "Gran Prix Internacional "Valle Oro Puro" – Hetpathlon Results" (PDF). FECODATLE. June 26, 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 16, 2016. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
- Michal Osoba (18 June 2017). "Cachova and Bourrada victorious at TNT Express meeting in Kladno". IAAF. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
- Phil Minshull (21 July 2019). "Kokhan's hammer feats provide the highlight of European U20 Championships". IAAF. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
- Joe Fleming (12 May 2018). "Former Ensworth star Tyra Gittens of Texas A&M wins SEC heptathlon with school record". USA today sports. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
- "Heptathlon Results". www.flashresults.com. 7 June 2013. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
- Eduardo Biscayart (27 May 2019). "Rosa collects third gold as South American Championships conclude in Lima". IAAF. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
- "Heptathlon Results" (PDF). lima2019.pe. 8 August 2019. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
- "Carmen Ramos bate el récord de España de heptatlón en Soria". plazadeportiva.valenciaplaza.com (in Spanish). 8 July 2018. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
- "Heptathlon Results". www.atletismocanario.es. May 25, 2014. Archived from the original on May 27, 2014. Retrieved May 26, 2014.
- "Fiorella Chiappe consigue el récord de Argentina de heptatlon" (in Spanish). somosatletismo.com. 6 March 2017. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
- "Heptathlon Results" (PDF). results.toronto2015.org. 25 July 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 July 2015. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
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