GNAL

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNAL gene.[5][6] Its main product is the heterotrimeric G-protein alpha subunit G_olf-α, a member of the Gs alpha subunit family that is a key component of G protein-coupled receptor-regulated adenylyl cyclase signal transduction pathways in the olfactory system and the striatum in the brain.

GNAL
Identifiers
Aliases	GNAL, DYT25, G protein subunit alpha L
External IDs	OMIM: 139312 MGI: 95774 HomoloGene: 68222 GeneCards: GNAL
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 18 (human)[1] Band 18p11.21 Start 11,689,264 bp[1] End 11,885,685 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 18 (mouse)[2] Band 18 E1|18 39.85 cM Start 67,088,216 bp[2] End 67,226,792 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • guanyl nucleotide binding • nucleotide binding • GTP binding • metal ion binding • G-protein coupled receptor binding • GTPase activity • signal transducer activity • G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding Cellular component • cell membrane • extracellular exosome • heterotrimeric G-protein complex Biological process • sensory perception of smell • adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway • adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • adenylate cyclase-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • signal transduction • activation of adenylate cyclase activity • G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • adenylate cyclase-modulating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	2774	14680
Ensembl	ENSG00000141404	ENSMUSG00000024524
UniProt	P38405	Q8CGK7
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001142339 NM_001261443 NM_001261444 NM_002071 NM_182978 NM_001369387	NM_010307 NM_177137
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001135811 NP_001248372 NP_001248373 NP_892023 NP_001356316	NP_034437 NP_796111
Location (UCSC)	Chr 18: 11.69 – 11.89 Mb	Chr 18: 67.09 – 67.23 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

See also

• Second messenger system
• G protein-coupled receptor
• Heterotrimeric G protein
• Adenylyl cyclase
• Protein kinase A
• Olfactory receptors

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000141404 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000024524 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Wilkie TM, Gilbert DJ, Olsen AS, Chen XN, Amatruda TT, Korenberg JR, Trask BJ, de Jong P, Reed RR, Simon MI, et al. (Jun 1993). "Evolution of the mammalian G protein alpha subunit multigene family". Nat Genet. 1 (2): 85–91. doi:10.1038/ng0592-85. PMID 1302014.
6. "Entrez Gene: GNAL guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha activating activity polypeptide, olfactory type".

Further reading

• Zigman JM, Westermark GT, LaMendola J, et al. (1994). "Human G(olf) alpha: complementary deoxyribonucleic acid structure and expression in pancreatic islets and other tissues outside the olfactory neuroepithelium and central nervous system". Endocrinology. 133 (6): 2508–14. doi:10.1210/en.133.6.2508. PMID 8243272.
• Astesano A, Regnauld K, Ferrand N, et al. (1999). "Cellular and subcellular expression of Golf/Gs and Gq/G11 alpha-subunits in rat pancreatic endocrine cells". J. Histochem. Cytochem. 47 (3): 289–302. doi:10.1177/002215549904700303. PMID 10026232.
• Vuoristo JT, Berrettini WH, Overhauser J, et al. (2001). "Sequence and genomic organization of the human G-protein Golfalpha gene (GNAL) on chromosome 18p11, a susceptibility region for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia". Mol. Psychiatry. 5 (5): 495–501. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000758. PMID 11032382.
• Zill P, Engel R, Baghai TC, et al. (2002). "Analysis of polymorphisms in the olfactory G-protein Golf in major depression". Psychiatr. Genet. 12 (1): 17–22. doi:10.1097/00041444-200203000-00002. PMID 11901355.
• Régnauld K, Nguyen QD, Vakaet L, et al. (2002). "G-protein alpha(olf) subunit promotes cellular invasion, survival, and neuroendocrine differentiation in digestive and urogenital epithelial cells". Oncogene. 21 (25): 4020–31. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205498. PMID 12037684.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Zill P, Malitas PN, Bondy B, et al. (2004). "Analysis of polymorphisms in the alpha-subunit of the olfactory G-protein Golf in lithium-treated bipolar patients". Psychiatr. Genet. 13 (2): 65–9. doi:10.1097/01.ypg.0000057881.80011.45. PMID 12782961.
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
• Corradi JP, Ravyn V, Robbins AK, et al. (2005). "Alternative transcripts and evidence of imprinting of GNAL on 18p11.2". Mol. Psychiatry. 10 (11): 1017–25. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001713. PMID 16044173.
• Ravyn V, Bostwick JR (2006). "Functional coupling of the Galpha(olf) variant XLGalpha(olf) with the human adenosine A2A receptor". J. Recept. Signal Transduct. Res. 26 (4): 241–58. doi:10.1080/10799890600710592. PMID 16818375.