Crisis of the Sixteenth Century

The Crisis of the Sixteenth Century was the later part of the Transitional period of Sri Lanka, that began with the decline of the Kingdom of Kotte, with the Vijayabā Kollaya in 1521, culminated in the collapse of the Kingdom of Sitawaka, and with Portuguese dominance, if not control by 1597, over two of three kingdoms that had existed at the start of the century.[1] The Kingdom of Kandy was the only independent Sinhalese kingdom to survive.[2] The period was characterised by the fragmentation of the Sinhalese polity, intervention of foreign forces and constant military conflict.

Main article: History of Sri Lanka
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History of Sri Lanka
Chronicles
Periods
300,000 BP
–543 BC
543–377 BC
377 BC–1017
1017–1232
1232–1597
1597–1815
1815–1948
1948–present
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Overview

Periodization of Sri Lanka history:

DatesPeriodPeriodSpan (years)SubperiodSpan (years)Main government
300,000 BP–~1000 BC Prehistoric Sri Lanka Stone Age –   300,000 Unknown
Bronze Age –  
~1000 BC–543 BC Iron Age – 457
543 BC–437 BC Ancient Sri Lanka Pre Anuradhapura –   106 Monarchy
437 BC–463 AD Anuradhapura 1454 Early Anuradhapura 900
463–691 Middle Anuradhapura 228
691–1017 Post-classical
"Medieval" Sri Lanka		 Late Anuradhapura 326
1017–1070 Polonnaruwa 215 Chola conquest 53
1055–1232   177
1232–1521 Transitional 365   289
1521–1597 Early Modern Sri Lanka Crisis of the Sixteenth Century 76
1597–1815 Kandyan –   218
1815–1948 Modern Sri Lanka British Ceylon – 133 Colonial Government
1948–1972 Contemporary Sri Lanka Sri Lanka since 1948 72 years ago Dominion 24 Constitutional monarchy
1972–Present Republic 48 years ago Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic

Political history

Vijayabā Kollaya

Wars of Kotte Succession

Sinhalese–Portuguese War

Portuguese conquest of the Jaffna kingdom
gollark: No, Richard, it's 'Linux', not 'GNU/Linux'. The most important contributions that the FSF made to Linux were the creation of the GPL and the GCC compiler. Those are fine and inspired products. GCC is a monumental achievement and has earned you, RMS, and the Free Software Foundation countless kudos and much appreciation.Following are some reasons for you to mull over, including some already answered in your FAQ.One guy, Linus Torvalds, used GCC to make his operating system (yes, Linux is an OS -- more on this later). He named it 'Linux' with a little help from his friends. Why doesn't he call it GNU/Linux? Because he wrote it, with more help from his friends, not you. You named your stuff, I named my stuff -- including the software I wrote using GCC -- and Linus named his stuff. The proper name is Linux because Linus Torvalds says so. Linus has spoken. Accept his authority. To do otherwise is to become a nag. You don't want to be known as a nag, do you?(An operating system) != (a distribution). Linux is an operating system. By my definition, an operating system is that software which provides and limits access to hardware resources on a computer. That definition applies whereever you see Linux in use. However, Linux is usually distributed with a collection of utilities and applications to make it easily configurable as a desktop system, a server, a development box, or a graphics workstation, or whatever the user needs. In such a configuration, we have a Linux (based) distribution. Therein lies your strongest argument for the unwieldy title 'GNU/Linux' (when said bundled software is largely from the FSF). Go bug the distribution makers on that one. Take your beef to Red Hat, Mandrake, and Slackware. At least there you have an argument. Linux alone is an operating system that can be used in various applications without any GNU software whatsoever. Embedded applications come to mind as an obvious example.
gollark: Oh, wait, better idea.
gollark: Hey, I *said* (GNU[+/])Linux, isn't that good enough for you, Stallman?!
gollark: Yep!
gollark: Also, though this is more personal preference, (GNU[+/])Linux (distributions) has (have):- a package manager useful for general use (the windows store is not really this)- a usable shell (yes, I'm aware you can use WSL, but it's not very integrated with everything else)- lower resource use- a nicer UI (well, the option for one; AFAIK Windows does not allow as much customization)

See also

References

Citations
  1. De Silva 2014, p. 161.
  2. De Silva 2014, p. 162.

Bibliography
  • De Silva, K. M. (2014). A history of Sri Lanka ([Revised.] ed.). Colombo: Vijitha Yapa Publications. ISBN 978-955-8095-92-8.
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