Comparison of Hokkien writing systems

There are a number of different writing systems for the Hokkien group of languages, including romanizations, adaptations of Bopomofo, of katakana, and of Chinese characters.[1] Some of the most popular are compared here.

Vowels
IPAaapatakãɔɔkɔ̃əoeiiɛniəŋ
Pe̍h-ōe-jīaapatakahaⁿokoⁿooeeⁿiianeng
Revised TLPAaapatakahaNoookooNooeeNiianing
TLPAaapatakahannoookoonnooeenniianing
BPaapatakahnaoooknooooeneiianing
MLTaab/apad/atag/akaq/ahvaoog/okvoøøeveiieneng
DTaāp/apāt/atāk/akāh/ahann/aⁿookonn/oⁿororeenn/eⁿiian/ening
Taiwanese kanaアアアㇷ゚アッアㇰアァアアオオオㇰオオオオヲヲエエエエイイイェヌイェン
Extended bopomofoㄚㆴㄚㆵㄚㆶㄚㆷㆦㆶㄧㄢㄧㄥ
Tâi-lôaapatakahannoookonnooeenniianing
Example (traditional Chinese)













Example (simplified Chinese)













Vowels
IPAiəkĩaiauamɔmɔŋŋ̍uuaueuaiuanɨ(i)ũ
Pe̍h-ōe-jīekiⁿaiaiⁿauamommongnguoaoeoaioani(i)uⁿ
Revised TLPAikiNaiaiNauamommongnguuaueuaiuanir(i)uN
TLPAikinnaiainnauamommongnguuaueuaiuanir(i)unn
BPikniainaiauamommongnguuaueuaiuanin(i)u
MLTeg/ekviaivaiauamommongnguoaoeoaioaniv(i)u
DTikinn/iⁿaiainn/aiⁿauamommongnguuaueuaiuani(i)unn/uⁿ
Taiwanese kanaイェㇰイイアイアイアウアムオムオンウウヲアヲエヲァイヲァヌウウウウ
Extended bopomofoㄧㆶㄨㄚㄨㆤㄨㄞㄨㄢ
Tâi-lôikinnaiainnauamommongnguuaueuaiuanir(i)unn
Example (traditional Chinese)














Example (simplified Chinese)














Consonants
IPApbmtnlkɡhtɕiʑitɕʰiɕitsdztsʰs
Pe̍h-ōe-jīpbphmtthnnnglkgkhhchijichhisichjchhs
Revised TLPApbphmtthnnnglkgkhhzijicisizjcs
TLPApbphmtthnnnglkgkhhzijicisizjcs
BPbbbpbbdtnlnglgggkhzilicisizlcs
MLTpbphmtthnnnglkgkhhcijichisizjzhs
DTbbhpmdtnnnglgghkhzircisizrcs
Taiwanese kanaパアバアパ̣アマアタアタ̣アナアヌンラアカアガアカ̣アハアチイジイチ̣イシイザアサ̣サア
Extended bopomofoㄋㆭ
Tâi-lôpbphmtthnnnglkgkhhtsijitshisitsjtshs
Example (traditional Chinese)




















Example (simplified Chinese)




















Tones
Tone nameYin level
陰平(1)
Yin rising
陰上(2)
Yin departing
陰去(3)
Yin entering
陰入(4)
Yang level
陽平(5)
Yang rising
陽上(6)
Yang departing
陽去(7)
Yang entering
陽入(8)
High rising
(9)
Neutral tone
(0)
IPAa˥˧a˨˩ap˩
at˩
ak˩
aʔ˩
a˧˥ap˥
at˥
ak˥
aʔ˥
a˥˥
Pe̍h-ōe-jīaáàap
at
ak
ah
âāa̍p
a̍t
a̍k
a̍h
 --a
Revised
TLPA,
TLPA
a1a2a3ap4
at4
ak4
ah4
a5a6a7ap8
at8
ak8
ah8
a9a0
BPāǎàāp
āt
āk
āh
áâáp
át
ák
áh
  
MLT
afaraxab
ad
ag
aq
aaaaraap
at
ak
ah
 ~a
DTaàâāp
āt
āk
āh
ǎāap
at
ak
ah
áå
Taiwanese kana
(normal vowels)
アアアアアアアㇷ゚
アッ
アㇰ
アァ
アアアアアㇷ゚
アッ
アㇰ
アァ
  
Taiwanese kana
(nasal vowels)
アアアアアアアㇷ゚
アッ
アㇰ
アァ
アアアアアㇷ゚
アッ
アㇰ
アァ
  
Extended bopomofoㄚˋㄚ˪ㄚㆴ
ㄚㆵ
ㄚㆶ
ㄚㆷ
ㄚˊㄚ˫ㄚㆴ˙
ㄚㆵ˙
ㄚㆶ˙
ㄚㆷ˙
  
Tâi-lôaáàahâǎāa̍h--ah
Example
(traditional Chinese)






昨昏
Example
(simplified Chinese)






昨昏

See also

References

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