Haikou dialect

Haikou dialect is a topolect of Chinese and a subvariety of Hainanese which is spoken in Haikou, the capital of the Hainan province and island of China.

Haikou dialect
海口話
Pronunciation	[hai˨˩˧ xau˨˩˧ ue˨˧]
Native to	Southern China
Region	Haikou, Hainan
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Min Coastal Min Hainanese Haikou dialect
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	hain1237[1]
Linguasphere	79-AAA-ked

Phonology

Haikou dialect has the following initials:[2]

		Labial	Dental	Sibilant	Velar	Glottal
Stop / Affricate	voiceless		t	ts	k	ʔ
	voiced implosive	ɓ	ɗ
Nasal		m	n		ŋ
Fricative	voiceless	f		s	x	h
	voiced	v		z
Lateral			l

The finals are:[3]

Vocalic codas			Nasal codas			Stop codas
a	ai	au	am		aŋ	ap		ak
ia		iau	iam		iaŋ	iap		iak
ua	uai				uaŋ			uak
ɛ	e				eŋ			ek
ue
o	ɔi	ɔu	ɔm		ɔŋ	ɔp		ɔk
io					iɔŋ			iɔk
i		iu	im	in		ip	it
u	ui			un	oŋ		uk	ok

There are also two syllabic nasals, /m̩/ and /ŋ̍/.[3]

The tone categories (described using Chao tone letters) are:[3][4]

	level	rising	departing	entering
upper	24	213	35	5
lower	21	33		3
		55ʔ

See also

• Hainan Romanized

References

1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Haikou". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
2. Chen (1996), p. 4.
3. Chen (1996), p. 5.
4. Yan (2006), p. 142.

• Chen, Hongmai (1996), Hǎikǒu fāngyán cídiǎn 海口方言詞典 [Haikou dialect dictionary], Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects, 16, Nanjing: Jiangsu Education Press, ISBN 978-7-5343-2886-2.
• Yan, Margaret Mian (2006), Introduction to Chinese Dialectology, LINCOM Europa, ISBN 978-3-89586-629-6.