CHRNA9

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-9, also known as nAChRα9, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHRNA9 gene.[5] The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of certain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchR).

CHRNA9
Available structures PDB Human UniProt search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 4D01, 4UXU, 4UY2
Identifiers
Aliases	CHRNA9, HSA243342, NACHRA9, cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 9 subunit
External IDs	OMIM: 605116 MGI: 1202403 HomoloGene: 9729 GeneCards: CHRNA9
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 4 (human)[1] Band 4p14 Start 40,335,333 bp[1] End 40,355,217 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 5 (mouse)[2] Band 5 C3.1|5 33.84 cM Start 65,934,921 bp[2] End 65,977,326 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • ion channel activity • calcium channel activity • extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity • ligand-gated ion channel activity • acetylcholine-gated cation-selective channel activity • GO:0001948 protein binding • transmembrane signaling receptor activity • transmitter-gated ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential Cellular component • synapse • integral component of membrane • cell junction • integral component of plasma membrane • postsynaptic membrane • membrane • acetylcholine-gated channel complex • cell membrane • cholinergic synapse • integral component of postsynaptic specialization membrane • neuron projection Biological process • calcium ion transport • detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sound • positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration • inner ear morphogenesis • sensory perception of sound • ion transport • calcium ion transmembrane transport • cation transport • postsynaptic potential • excitatory postsynaptic potential • signal transduction • ion transmembrane transport • negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade • chemical synaptic transmission • regulation of membrane potential • nervous system process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	55584	231252
Ensembl	ENSG00000174343	ENSMUSG00000029205
UniProt	Q9UGM1	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_017581	NM_001081104
RefSeq (protein)	NP_060051	n/a
Location (UCSC)	Chr 4: 40.34 – 40.36 Mb	Chr 5: 65.93 – 65.98 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

α9 subunit-containing receptors are notably blocked by nicotine. The role of this antagonism in the effects of tobacco are unknown.

This gene is a member of the ligand-gated ionic channel family and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene superfamily. It encodes a plasma membrane protein that forms homo- or hetero-oligomeric divalent cation channels. This protein is involved in cochlea hair cell function and is expressed in both the inner and outer hair cells (OHCs) of the adult cochlea, although expression levels in adult inner hair cells is low. The activation of the alpha9/10 nAChR is via olivocochlear activity, represented by cholinergic efferent synaptic terminals originating from the superior olive region of the brainstem. The protein is additionally expressed in keratinocytes, the pituitary gland, B-cells and T-cells.[5]

Selective block of α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by the conotoxin RgIA has been shown to be analgesic in an animal model of nerve injury pain.[6]

See also

• Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000174343 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029205 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. "Entrez Gene: CHRNA9 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 9".
6. Vincler M, Wittenauer S, Parker R, Ellison M, Olivera BM, McIntosh JM (November 2006). "Molecular mechanism for analgesia involving specific antagonism of α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103 (47): 17880–17884. doi:10.1073/pnas.0608715103. PMC 1635975. PMID 17101979.

Further reading

• Nguyen VT, Ndoye A, Grando SA (2000). "Novel Human α9 Acetylcholine Receptor Regulating Keratinocyte Adhesion is Targeted by Pemphigus Vulgaris Autoimmunity". Am. J. Pathol. 157 (4): 1377–1391. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64651-2. PMC 1850172. PMID 11021840.
• Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA (2001). "DNA Cloning Using In Vitro Site-Specific Recombination". Genome Res. 10 (11): 1788–1795. doi:10.1101/gr.143000. PMC 310948. PMID 11076863.
• Sgard F, Charpantier E, Bertrand S, et al. (2002). "A novel human nicotinic receptor subunit, alpha10, that confers functionality to the alpha9-subunit". Mol. Pharmacol. 61 (1): 150–159. doi:10.1124/mol.61.1.150. PMID 11752216.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–16903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Lustig LR, Peng H (2003). "Chromosome location and characterization of the human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha (alpha) 9 (CHRNA9) gene". Cytogenet. Genome Res. 98 (2–3): 154–159. doi:10.1159/000069804. PMID 12697997.
• Valor LM, Castillo M, Ortiz JA, Criado M (2003). "Transcriptional regulation by activation and repression elements located at the 5'-noncoding region of the human alpha9 nicotinic receptor subunit gene". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (39): 37249–37255. doi:10.1074/jbc.M307043200. PMID 12860975.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–2127. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
• Peng H, Ferris RL, Matthews T, et al. (2004). "Characterization of the human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha (alpha) 9 (CHRNA9) and alpha (alpha) 10 (CHRNA10) in lymphocytes". Life Sci. 76 (3): 263–280. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2004.05.031. PMID 15531379.
• Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, et al. (2005). "Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4". Nature. 434 (7034): 724–731. doi:10.1038/nature03466. PMID 15815621.
• Chernyavsky AI, Arredondo J, Vetter DE, Grando SA (2007). "CENTRAL ROLE OF α9 ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR IN COORDINATING KERATINOCYTE ADHESION AND MOTILITY AT THE INITIATION OF EPITHELIALIZATION". Exp. Cell Res. 313 (16): 3542–3555. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.07.011. PMC 2682983. PMID 17706194.

External links

• CHRNA9+protein,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• Human CHRNA9 genome location and CHRNA9 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.