Albert II, Prince of Monaco

Albert II[1][2] (Albert Alexandre Louis Pierre Grimaldi; born 14 March 1958) is the reigning Prince of Monaco and head of the princely house of Grimaldi. He is the son of Prince Rainier III and Princess Grace (formerly Grace Kelly, the American actress). Prince Albert's sisters are Caroline, Princess of Hanover, and Princess Stéphanie. In July 2011, Prince Albert married Charlene Wittstock.[3] They have two children, Princess Gabriella and Prince Jacques.

Albert II
Prince of Monaco
Reign6 April 2005 – present
PredecessorRainier III
Heir apparentJacques
Ministers of StatePatrick Leclercq
Jean-Paul Proust
Michel Roger
Gilles Tonelli (acting)
Serge Telle
Born (1958-03-14) 14 March 1958
Prince's Palace of Monaco, Monaco
Spouse
Charlene Wittstock
(
m. 2011)
Issue
Full name
Albert Alexandre Louis Pierre Grimaldi
HouseGrimaldi
FatherRainier III, Prince of Monaco
MotherGrace Kelly
Signature
Military career
Allegiance Monaco
Service/branch Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince
Years of service1986–2005
(end of active service)
RankCommander-in-chief

Prince Albert II is one of the wealthiest royals in the world, with assets valued at more than $1 billion,[4] which include land in Monaco and France. Prince Albert owns shares in the Société des bains de mer de Monaco, which operates Monaco's casino and other entertainment properties in the principality.[5][6]

Early life
Prince Albert with his mother in 1972

Albert was born in the Prince's Palace of Monaco. He has ancestry from Italy, Ireland, Britain, the United States, Germany, France, Mexico, Belgium, and Monaco and is American[7]-Monegasque by birth; he renounced American citizenship in his early adulthood. He was baptized on 20 April 1958, by Monsignor Jean Delay, archbishop of Marseille, in the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception of Monaco, before being presented at the balcony of the Palace to the people of Monaco.[8] His godmother was the Spanish queen Victoria Eugenia of Spain, and his godfather was Prince Louis de Polignac (1909–1996).[9] Albert graduated with distinction from the Lycée Albert Premier, in 1976.

He was a camper and later a counselor for six summers at Camp Tecumseh,[9] on Lake Winnipesaukee, Moultonborough, New Hampshire, in the 1970s. He spent a year training in various princely duties and enrolled at Amherst College, in western Massachusetts, in 1977 as Albert Grimaldi, studying political science, economics, music, and English literature; he also joined Chi Psi fraternity.[9] He speaks French, English, German, and Italian.[9]

He spent mid-1979 touring Europe and the Middle East with the Amherst College Glee Club, and also undertook an exchange program with the University of Bristol, at the Alfred Marshall School of Economics and Management in 1979. He graduated in 1981 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science. [10]

Prince Albert's mother died as a result of injuries sustained in a car accident in 1982. She was aged 52.[11] In 2017, in In Depth interview with Graham Bensinger, the Prince stated that his mother's death was a traumatic event for him and the family. He also revealed that his father was "never the same man" after the loss.[12]

Sports career
Albert II, Prince of Monaco
Sport
Country Monaco
Sport Bobsleigh
Event(s)4-man, 2-man
Retired2002
Achievements and titles
Olympic finals1988, 1992, 1994, 1998, 2002

Albert was an enthusiastic sportsman, participating in cross country, javelin throwing, handball, judo, swimming, tennis, rowing, sailing, skiing, squash and fencing. He is a patron of Monaco's football team, AS Monaco.

Albert competed in the bobsleigh at five consecutive Winter Olympics for Monaco, taking part in both the two-man and four-man events. In the two-man bobsleigh Albert finished 25th at the 1988 games in Calgary, 43rd at the 1992 games in Albertville, and 31st at the 2002 games. In the four-man bobsleigh Albert finished 27th in 1992, 26th at the 1994 games in Lillehammer, and 28th at both the 1998 games in Nagano and the 2002 games in Salt Lake City.[13] Albert was Monaco's flag bearer at the 1988, 1994, and 1998 Winter Olympics.[13] Albert has been a member of the International Olympic Committee since 1985, and his maternal grandfather, John B. Kelly Sr., and maternal uncle, John B. Kelly Jr., were both Olympic medalists in rowing.[13] Albert has been the patron of the World Olympians Association since 2012.[14] In 2017 Albert gained OLY post-nominal status under his competition name of Albert Grimaldi rather than his royal title.[15]

Albert took part in the 1985 Paris–Dakar Rally, but did not finish it. He also became a judo black belt.[16]

Accession

On 31 March 2005, following consultation with the Crown Council of Monaco, the Palais Princier announced that Albert would take over the duties of his father as regent since Rainier was no longer able to exercise his royal functions.[17] On 6 April 2005, Rainier died and Albert succeeded him as Albert II.

The first part of Prince Albert II's enthronement as ruler of the Principality was on 12 July 2005, after the end of the three-month mourning period for his father.[9] A morning Mass at Saint Nicholas Cathedral presided over by the Archbishop of Monaco, the Most Reverend Bernard Barsi, formally marked the beginning of his reign.[18] Afterward Albert II returned to the princely palace to host a garden party for 7,000 Monégasques born in the principality. In the courtyard, the Prince was presented with two keys of the city as a symbol of his investiture[19] and he made a speech.[20] The evening ended with a spectacular fireworks display on the waterfront.[18]

The second part of his investiture was on 19 November 2005. Albert was enthroned at Saint Nicholas Cathedral.[21] His family was there in attendance, including his elder sister Princess Caroline with her husband Ernst, Prince of Hanover and three of her four children, Andrea, Pierre and Charlotte; as well as his younger sister Princess Stéphanie, his paternal aunt Princess Antoinette, Baroness of Massy, his godson, Jean-Léonard Taubert-Natta de Massy, and his cousin Elisabeth-Anne de Massy. Royalty from 16 delegations were present for the festivities throughout the country. The evening ended with an opera performance in Monte Carlo.[21]

Reign
Prince Albert with Russian President Vladimir Putin on 4 October 2013.

Prince Albert continues the policy – initiated by previous rulers of Monaco – of strengthening environmental awareness. In July 2005, just like his great-great-grandfather Albert I, he travelled to Spitsbergen. During this trip, he visited the glaciers Lilliehöökbreen and Monacobreen. Prince Albert II also engaged in a Russian Arctic expedition, reaching the North Pole on Easter, 16 April 2006.[22] As a result, he is the first incumbent head of state to have reached the North Pole.

Prince Albert is the Vice-Chairman of the Princess Grace Foundation-USA, an American charity founded in 1982, after his mother's death, which supports emerging artists in theatre, dance, and film, as Princess Grace did in her lifetime.

In 2006, Prince Albert created the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation, which continues the Principality of Monaco's commitment by supporting sustainable and ethical projects around the world. The foundation focus on three main challenges: climate change and renewable energy development; combating the loss of biodiversity; and water management (improving universal access to clean water).[23] Albert is also a global adviser to Orphans International.

On 27 August 2015, Prince Albert apologized for Monaco's role in facilitating the deportation of a total of 90 Jews and resistance fighters, of whom only nine survived. "We committed the irreparable in handing over to the neighboring authorities women, men, and a child who had taken refuge with us to escape the persecutions they had suffered in France," Albert said at a ceremony in which a monument to the victims was unveiled at the Monaco cemetery. "In distress, they came specifically to take shelter with us, thinking they would find neutrality."[24]

Personal life and relationships
Princely Family of Monaco

HSH The Prince
HSH The Princess

HRH The Princess of Hanover

HSH Princess Stéphanie

Prior to Albert's marriage, there was much discussion of his continual bachelor status. Although he had received much press attention for dating well-known fashion models and actresses, his apparent disinclination to marry gave rise to rumours that he was homosexual. Prince Albert has consistently denied suggestions of homosexuality, most notably in a 1994 interview published in the French magazine Madame Figaro. "At first it was amusing", he said, "but it becomes very irritating in the long term to hear people say that I am homosexual".[25]

Albert is close friends with the artist Nall and owns some of his works.[26]

In October 2005, the German magazine Bunte reported that Prince Albert was dating Telma Ortiz Rocasolano, a sister-in-law of the Prince of Asturias (who is now the King of Spain). However, in November 2005, the Prince instructed his lawyer, Thierry Lacoste, to commence legal proceedings against the French newspaper France Dimanche for violation of privacy and false information regarding the story.

In 2016, Albert purchased his mother's childhood house in the East Falls district of Philadelphia. Upon acquiring Grace Kelly's childhood property, he stated the home might be used as a museum space or as offices for the family's Princess Grace Foundation.[27] Although Prince Albert does not directly own the Prince's Palace, he does own – in addition to his mother's childhood home – personal homes in both La Turbie[28][29] and Marchais.[30]

Prince Albert, a well-known automotive enthusiast, owns vehicles like the BMW Hydrogen 7,[31] the Lexus LS 600h,[32] the Lexus RX 400h,[32] and the Toyota Prius PHV.[32][33] He also owns a Dassault Aviation Falcon 7X, a 14-passenger leisure jet, currently stationed at Nice Côte d'Azur Airport.[34][35]

Children out of wedlock

In 1992, an American woman, Tamara Rotolo, filed a paternity suit against the prince, claiming that he was the father of her daughter, whom she named Jazmin Grace Grimaldi. Prince Albert was also listed as the child's father on the Riverside County, California, birth certificate, according to The Desert Sun. The case went to trial in 1993 and was eventually dismissed by Superior Court Judge Graham Anderson Cribbs, who refused jurisdiction and found that there was "insufficient connection between [Prince] Albert and the State of California to justify hearing a suit [in California]"[36] and in doing so essentially accepted the submissions of the Prince's lawyer, Stanley Arkin, on that point. On 31 May 2006, after a DNA test confirmed the child's parentage, Prince Albert admitted, in a statement from his lawyer, that he is Jazmin's father. He also extended an invitation for the girl to study and live in Monaco.[9]

In May 2005, Nicole Coste, a former Air France flight attendant, originally from Togo, claimed that her youngest son, whom she named Alexandre Coste, was Prince Albert's son, and that this had been proven by DNA tests requested by the Monegasque government. She further claimed the prince had signed a notarised certificate confirming paternity but that she had not received a copy of it. The French weekly Paris Match published a ten-page interview with Coste and included photographs of the prince holding and feeding the child. Coste also told Paris Match that she was living in the prince's Paris apartment, and receiving an allowance from him while pretending to be the girlfriend of one of his friends in order to maintain privacy. She also said that the prince had last seen the boy in February 2005. The prince's lawyer, Thierry Lacoste, announced that as a result of the international publicity over the revelations of the prince's son, Prince Albert was suing the Daily Mail, Bunte, and Paris Match for delving too deeply into his private life. On 6 July 2005, a few days before he was enthroned on 12 July, Prince Albert officially confirmed via his lawyer Lacoste that the 22-month-old was his biological son.[37]

In an earlier paternity suit, Bea Fiedler, a German topless model whom the Daily Telegraph described as a "sex-film star", claimed her son Daniel was the prince's son. This suit was reportedly dismissed. A blood test, which was refused by the judge, did not prove that the prince was the father of Fiedler's son.[38]

Marriage
Prince Albert and Princess Charlene during a 2012 visit to Kraków, Poland.

Prince Albert and South African swimmer Charlene Wittstock were seen together from 10 February 2006, when Prince Albert was accompanied by Wittstock to the opening ceremony of the Torino Olympics. Their engagement was announced four days after they attended the wedding of Crown Princess Victoria of Sweden and Daniel Westling in 2010. The wedding of Prince Albert and Princess Charlene took place over two days: the civil marriage ceremony took place on 1 July 2011, followed by the religious ceremony on 2 July 2011.[39]

Prince Albert and Princess Charlene had twins, Princess Gabriella, Countess of Carladès, and Jacques, Hereditary Prince of Monaco, on 10 December 2014. Jacques is the heir apparent to the throne.[40]

Contraction of COVID-19

On 19 March 2020, amid the large-scale outbreak of COVID-19, it was announced that Albert II had tested positive for the infectious disease, which is caused by a coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. It was reported that he had begun to self-quarantine from within his apartment, performing his work and duties from there.[41] This makes Albert II the first monarch and head of state to have contracted COVID-19.[42] He is the second head of a royal house to contract the virus, after Karl von Habsburg.[43] On 31 March, it was announced that he had made a full recovery and would begin to self-quarantine with his family.[44]

Succession issues

As Rainier III's health declined, his son's lack of legitimate children became a matter of public and political concern owing to the legal and international consequences. Had Prince Albert succeeded his father and died without lawful heirs, it would have triggered Article 3 of the 1918 Franco-Monegasque Treaty, according to which the Principality of Monaco would become a protectorate of the French Republic.[45] Prior to 2002, Monaco's constitution stipulated that only the last reigning prince's "direct and legitimate" descendants could inherit the crown.

On 2 April 2002, Monaco promulgated Princely Law 1.249, which provides that if a reigning prince dies without surviving legitimate issue, the throne passes to his legitimate siblings and their legitimate descendants of both sexes, according to the principle of male-preference primogeniture.[46] Following Albert's accession, this law took full effect in 2005 when ratified by France, pursuant to the Franco-Monégasque Treaty regulating relations between the Principality and its neighbour. Prince Albert's sisters and their legitimate children thereby retained the right to inherit the Monegasque throne, which they would have otherwise lost upon the death of Prince Rainier.

Under the current constitution, neither Jazmin, nor Alexandre, are in the line of succession to the Monegasque throne as they are not Prince Albert's legitimate children, and he emphasised their ineligibility to inherit the throne in statements confirming his paternity.[22][37] Monegasque law stipulates that any non-adulterine illegitimate child is legitimised by the eventual marriage of his/her parents, thereupon obtaining the rights to which that child would have been entitled if born in lawful marriage. Thus Alexandre would have become Monaco's heir apparent under current law if Albert were to marry his son's mother. But in a 2005 exchange with American reporter Larry King, Albert stated that this would not happen.[47]

Prior to the birth of Princess Gabriella and Prince Jacques, Prince Albert's elder sister, Caroline, Princess of Hanover, was heir presumptive and, according to the Grimaldi house law, bore the traditional title of Hereditary Princess of Monaco.[48] Following their birth, she is now third in line.

Environmental issues
Albert rides through a river on a guided tour in the Shoshone National Forest in the U.S., September 2013

Year of the Dolphin

The year 2007 was declared as (International) Year of the Dolphin by the United Nations and United Nations Environment Programme.[49] Prince Albert served as the International Patron of the "Year of the Dolphin", saying "The Year of the Dolphin gives me the opportunity to renew my firm commitment towards protecting marine biodiversity. With this strong initiative we can make a difference to save these fascinating marine mammals from the brink of extinction."

Jardin Animalier

The Zoological Garden of Monaco (Jardin Animalier) was founded by Prince Rainier in 1954. Rainier was petitioned unsuccessfully for many years by Virginia McKenna, founder of the Born Free Foundation, to release a pair of leopards at the zoo.[50] Prince Albert met McKenna after his accession to the throne, and agreed to release the leopards as well the zoo's hippo and camel.[9] He intends to convert the Jardin into a zoo for children.[50]

Expedition to Antarctica

In January 2009, Prince Albert left for a month-long expedition to Antarctica, where he visited 26 scientific outposts and met with climate-change experts in an attempt to learn more about the impact of global warming on the continent.[51] During the trip he stopped at the South Pole, making him the only incumbent head of state to have visited both poles.[52][53]

CITES and bluefin tuna
Prince Albert II at the 5th Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts and Islands. UNESCO, Paris (2010)

In June 2009, Prince Albert co-authored an op-ed published in The Wall Street Journal with Charles Clover, the author of The End of the Line, a book about overfishing and ocean conservation issues that had recently been made into a documentary by Rupert Murray. In the piece, Prince Albert and Clover note that bluefin tuna has been severely overfished in the Mediterranean, and decry the common European Union practice of awarding inflated quotas to bluefin fleets.[54] Albert also announced that Monaco would seek to award endangered species status to the Mediterranean bluefin Thunnus thynnus, (also called the Northern bluefin) under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). If upheld by the voting CITES delegates, this proposal would effectively ban the international trade in Mediterranean bluefin. This was the first time a nation had called for the inclusion of Mediterranean bluefin under CITES since Sweden[54] at the 1992 CITES Conference, which was vehemently opposed by Japan who eventually threatened retaliation through trade barriers.[55] Sweden withdrew its proposal.

On 16 July 2009, France declared that it too would seek to have Mediterranean bluefin listed as an endangered species.[56] Only hours later, the United Kingdom followed suit.[57]

Roger Revelle Prize

On 23 October 2009, Prince Albert was awarded the Roger Revelle Prize for his efforts to protect the environment and to promote scientific research.[58] This award was given to Prince Albert by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, California.[59] Prince Albert is the second recipient of this prize.[60]

Awards

In 1996, Prince Albert received the Eagle Award from the United States Sports Academy. The Eagle Award is the Academy's highest international honor and was awarded to Prince Albert for his significant contributions in promoting international harmony, peace and goodwill through the effective use of sport.[61]

In October 2017, Prince Albert received the Lowell Thomas Award from The Explorers Club, a non-profit group that promotes scientific exploration. The award is presented by the president of the club on special occasions to groups of outstanding explorers. The Club cited Prince Albert's dedication to the protection of the environment, and that he was the first head of state to reach both the North and South poles.[62]

Prince of Monaco Albert II.  on 14 October 2019 at the Comenius University in Bratislava, he received the honorary title "doctor honoris causa" for activities in the field of protection of natural and cultural heritage and in removing the consequences of climate change.

Commemorative coins

As Monaco's head of state, Prince Albert II is depicted on coins, including collectors' coins, with very rare exceptions. One of the most recent examples is the €5 silver Prince Albert II commemorative coin, the first commemorative coin with his effigy on it, minted in 2008. On the obverse, the prince is depicted in profile with his name on the top of the coin. On the reverse, the Grimaldi coat of arms appears; around it, the words "Principauté de Monaco" (Principality of Monaco) also appear along with the nominal monetary value of the coin.[63]

Other roles
  • President, Monaco Red Cross
  • President, Comité Olympique Monégasque
  • Honorary President, Association Mondiale des Amis de l'Enfance
  • Honorary President, The Automobile Club de Monaco
  • Honorary President, The Festival de Télévision de Monte-Carlo
  • Honorary President, Jumping International de Monte Carlo
  • Honorary Board Member, International Paralympic Committee [64]
  • Patron, Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters
  • Patron, Peace and Sport Organization
  • Senator, Junior Chamber International
  • Trustee, Al Oerter Foundation/Art of the Olympians[65]

Titles, styles, honours and awards

Titles and styles
Styles of
Albert II, Prince of Monaco
Reference styleHis Serene Highness
Spoken styleYour Serene Highness
  • 14 March 1958 – 6 April 2005: His Serene Highness The Hereditary Prince of Monaco, Marquis of Baux
    • 31 March 2005 – 6 April 2005: His Serene Highness The Prince Regent of Monaco
  • 6 April 2005 – present: His Serene Highness The Sovereign Prince of Monaco

As the prince, his official shortened title is "His Serene Highness Albert II, Sovereign Prince of Monaco"; this does not include the many other styles claimed by the Grimaldi family.

Military appointments

Honours
Main article: List of honours of the Monegasque Princely Family by country

National orders

Foreign orders
Dynastic orders

Other awards

Ancestry
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gollark: Yes, one (1) l.
gollark: I believe this to be a "footbal metaphor".
gollark: How bad.
gollark: I consider randomly discriminating against all the non-bald people bad, regardless of "systematic oppression" relating to this.

See also

References
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  2. "Biography of Prince Albert". Archived from the original on 15 November 2013. Retrieved 28 May 2012. – Website of the Palace of Monaco
  3. "Prince Albert of Monaco – Fast Facts". CNN. 20 March 2014.
  4. "The World's Richest Royals – Forbes". Forbes. 29 April 2011.
  5. Serafin, Tatiana (17 June 2009). "The World's Richest Royals". Forbes. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
  6. "In Pictures: The World's Richest Royals – Prince Albert II, Monaco". Forbes. 7 July 2010.
  7. Thomas, Zoe (13 April 2019). "Could Harry and Meghan's child pay US taxes?". BBC.
  8. André, Véronique (2014). Palais de Monaco : À la table des princes (in French). Hachette Pratique. p. 160. ISBN 978-2012317765.
  9. Knightley, Emma (24 October 2017). Coco, Tatiana (ed.). A to Z: The Past and Present of Prince Albert of Monaco (3 ed.). Archived from the original (Kindle) on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  10. Leemiller, Heaven. "Back to School with Prince Albert of Monaco". Royal Central. Royal Central. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
  11. "Princess Grace of Monaco". Unofficial Royalty. 27 January 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2018.
  12. "Prince Albert II: Tragic death of mom Grace Kelly". YouTube. 6 September 2017. Retrieved 29 September 2018.
  13. "Albert, Prince Grimaldi profile". Sports Reference. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
  14. "Prince Albert of Monaco becomes WOA patron". www.sportspromedia.com. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
  15. "WOA Patron HSH Prince Albert II of Monaco joins OLY ranks". olympians.org. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
  16. Editorial, Reuters (29 June 2011). "Factbox: Monaco's Prince Albert to marry". Reuters.
  17. Son of ailing Prince Rainier takes over duties, MSNBC, 31 March 2005. Accessed 31 May 2008.
  18. Willsher, Kim (13 July 2005). "Albert takes the Monaco crown". The Guardian. theguardian.com. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
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  46. The Constitution (2002)
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  48. The House Laws
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  68. Official Website Archived 16 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Prince Albert II wore the miniature of the Order on his uniform during the evening gala dinner after the wedding
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  76. Recipients table Archived 28 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine. presidency.ro.
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  78. Website of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, "The Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta receives Prince Albert of Monaco Archived 22 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine", quote : "The Grand Master conferred the Collar of the Order of Merit on the Prince"
  79. A l’invitation du Président de la République Tunisienne, S.A.S. le Prince Albert II a effectuéune visite officielle de deux jours le 7 et 8 septembre en Tunisie Archived 1 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Lepetitjournal.com. 11 September 2006.
  80. 50Th Anniversary Of King Carl Gustav Of Sweden In Stockholm, Sweden On 30 April 1996. Gettyimages (30 April 1996). Retrieved on 7 May 2014.
  81. Déjeuner au Palais Princier en l'honneur de LL. AA. RR. le Prince et la Princesse de Savoie à l'occasion du 1er Millénaire de la Maison de Savoie.1 March 2003 (French)
  82. S.A.S. le Prince reçoit le titre de Docteur Honoris Causa – website of the Palace of the Prince
  83. – website of the University of Lappland
  84. Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser Band XV, Band 114 der Gesamtreihe, Limburg a. d. Lahn 1997, pp. 68–71. (in German)
Albert II, Prince of Monaco
Born: 14 March 1958
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Rainier III		 Prince of Monaco
2005–present		 Incumbent
Heir apparent:
Jacques
Monegasque royalty
Preceded by
Caroline		 Hereditary Prince of Monaco
1958–2005		 Succeeded by
Caroline
Preceded by
Rainier III		 Marquis of Baux
1958–2014		 Succeeded by
Jacques
Olympic Games
Preceded by
David Lajoux		 Flagbearer for  Monaco
1988, 1992, 1994		 Succeeded by
Gilbert Bessi
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