1968 United States presidential election in Illinois
The 1968 United States presidential election in Illinois was held on November 5, 1968 as part of the 1968 United States presidential election. State voters chose twenty-six electors to represent the state in the Electoral College, which chose the president and vice president.
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| Turnout | 81.39% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 County Results
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Background
After having been strongly Republican during the “System of 1896” apart from a few areas in the southern part of the state that had sympathised with the Confederacy during the Civil War,[1] Illinois became a critical swing state throughout the New Deal era, having voted for the winner of every presidential election since 1920.
Like other states in the Midwest, Illinois had been severely affected by racial tension during the presidency of Lyndon Johnson,[2] which had allowed Charles H. Percy to gain a comfortable win in an open Senate race following the retirement of Paul Douglas, in spite of the fact that Illinois, especially the Metro East, was affected less than states to its east.[3]
Primaries
Both major parties held non-binding state-run preferential primaries on June 11. All candidates were write-ins.[4][6]
Democratic
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The 1968 Illinois Democratic presidential primary was held on June 11, 1968 in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of the Democratic Party's state primaries ahead of the 1968 presidential election.
The preference vote was a "beauty contest". Delegates were instead selected by direct-vote in each congressional districts on delegate candidates.[4]
While he received 33.66% of the vote, Ted Kennedy was not an active candidate for the nomination. Additionally, while he still received some votes, incumbent president Lyndon B. Johnson had already ruled himself out for the nomination.
| Candidate | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|
| Eugene McCarthy (write-in) | 4,646 | 38.60 |
| Edward Kennedy (write-in) | 4,052 | 33.66 |
| Hubert H. Humphrey (write-in) | 2,059 | 17.10 |
| George Wallace (write-in) | 768 | 6.38 |
| Lyndon B. Johnson (write-in) | 162 | 1.35 |
| Other write-ins | 351 | 2.92 |
| Total | 12,038 | 100 |
Republican
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The 1968 Illinois Republican presidential primary was held on June 11, 1968 in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of the Republican Party's state primaries ahead of the 1968 presidential election.
In this election, all candidates were write-ins.[4]
The preference vote was a "beauty contest". Delegates were instead selected by direct-vote in each congressional districts on delegate candidates.[4]
| Candidate | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|
| Richard M. Nixon (write-in) | 17,490 | 78.77 |
| Nelson A. Rockefeller (write-in) | 2,165 | 9.75 |
| Ronald Reagan (write-in) | 1,601 | 7.21 |
| George Wallace (write-in) | 386 | 1.74 |
| Eugene McCarthy (write-in) | 162 | 0.73 |
| Charles Percy (write-in) | 120 | 0.54 |
| George Romney (write-in) | 16 | 0.07 |
| Other write-ins | 263 | 1.19 |
| Total | 22,203 | 100 |
General election
By the time the election campaign was in full swing at the end of the summer, Democratic nominee and incumbent Vice-President Hubert Humphrey was clearly in serious trouble, and early polling suggested he would have little chance in the state.[7] Humphrey was further hindered by the refusal of Chicago Mayor Richard Daley Sr. to help him.[8]
The failure of Nixon’s “50 State Strategy” in 1960 led him to focus on a few electoral-vote-rich states, of which Illinois was one of the most critical.[9] Humphrey lost further in polling during September,[10] and at tend of the first week of October Nixon had a substantial lead.[11] Nevertheless, when the Vice-President campaigned alongside rival former and future Alabama Governor George Wallace,[12] he would gain sharply so that state became extremely close at the beginning of November.
Results
Republican candidate Richard Nixon won the state of Illinois by a narrow margin of 2.93%.[13] The winning of Illinois was the moment that sealed a close and turbulent election for Nixon,[14][15] who in the last counting did much better in massively populated Cook County than Goldwater or Nixon himself in 1960.[14]
Nixon won ninety of Illinois’ 102 counties, with Humphrey winning only Cook and St. Clair Counties with absolute majorities, although he carried several other Metro East and southern Illinois counties where he was helped by the backing of unions and a strong vote for Wallace taking much Nixon support. Wallace’s segregationism also went down very poorly in many cities of that latter urban region.[16]
| Presidential Candidate | Running Mate | Party | Electoral Vote (EV) | Popular Vote (PV) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Richard Nixon | Spiro Agnew | Republican | 26 | 2,174,774 | 47.08% |
| Hubert Humphrey | Edmund Muskie | Democratic | 0 | 2,039,814 | 44.15% |
| George Wallace | Curtis LeMay | Independent | 0 | 390,958 | 8.46% |
| Henning Blomen | George Taylor | Socialist Labor | 0 | 13,878 | 0.30% |
| Write-ins | — | — | 0 | 325 | 0.01% |
Results by county
| County | Richard Milhous Nixon Republican |
Hubert Horatio Humphrey Democratic |
George Corley Wallace Independent |
Various candidates Other parties |
Margin | Total votes cast[17] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
| Adams | 17,444 | 54.33% | 11,521 | 35.88% | 3,115 | 9.70% | 28 | 0.09% | 5,923 | 18.45% | 32,108 |
| Alexander | 2,540 | 36.63% | 2,929 | 42.24% | 1,443 | 20.81% | 22 | 0.32% | -389 | -5.61% | 6,934 |
| Bond | 3,674 | 52.84% | 2,516 | 36.19% | 758 | 10.90% | 5 | 0.07% | 1,158 | 16.65% | 6,953 |
| Boone | 5,936 | 62.27% | 2,801 | 29.38% | 783 | 8.21% | 13 | 0.14% | 3,135 | 32.89% | 9,533 |
| Brown | 1,629 | 51.50% | 1,265 | 39.99% | 247 | 7.81% | 22 | 0.70% | 364 | 11.51% | 3,163 |
| Bureau | 11,216 | 59.97% | 6,304 | 33.71% | 1,171 | 6.26% | 12 | 0.06% | 4,912 | 26.26% | 18,703 |
| Calhoun | 1,542 | 49.12% | 1,329 | 42.34% | 266 | 8.47% | 2 | 0.06% | 213 | 6.79% | 3,139 |
| Carroll | 5,275 | 63.69% | 2,558 | 30.89% | 440 | 5.31% | 9 | 0.11% | 2,717 | 32.81% | 8,282 |
| Cass | 3,411 | 47.78% | 3,302 | 46.25% | 424 | 5.94% | 2 | 0.03% | 109 | 1.53% | 7,139 |
| Champaign | 26,027 | 53.50% | 18,425 | 37.87% | 3,857 | 7.93% | 339 | 0.70% | 7,602 | 15.63% | 48,648 |
| Christian | 7,486 | 42.31% | 8,465 | 47.84% | 1,730 | 9.78% | 13 | 0.07% | -979 | -5.53% | 17,694 |
| Clark | 4,809 | 56.08% | 2,813 | 32.80% | 949 | 11.07% | 4 | 0.05% | 1,996 | 23.28% | 8,575 |
| Clay | 4,429 | 55.46% | 2,878 | 36.04% | 672 | 8.41% | 7 | 0.09% | 1,551 | 19.42% | 7,986 |
| Clinton | 6,561 | 53.78% | 4,453 | 36.50% | 1,180 | 9.67% | 5 | 0.04% | 2,108 | 17.28% | 12,199 |
| Coles | 10,449 | 52.86% | 7,337 | 37.12% | 1,973 | 9.98% | 7 | 0.04% | 3,112 | 15.74% | 19,766 |
| Cook | 960,493 | 41.11% | 1,181,316 | 50.56% | 186,921 | 8.00% | 7,808 | 0.33% | -220,823 | -9.45% | 2,336,538 |
| Crawford | 5,870 | 58.13% | 3,383 | 33.50% | 840 | 8.32% | 5 | 0.05% | 2,487 | 24.63% | 10,098 |
| Cumberland | 2,671 | 53.12% | 1,828 | 36.36% | 512 | 10.18% | 17 | 0.34% | 843 | 16.77% | 5,028 |
| DeKalb | 14,535 | 63.20% | 6,974 | 30.32% | 1,238 | 5.38% | 252 | 1.10% | 7,561 | 32.88% | 22,999 |
| DeWitt | 4,247 | 54.21% | 2,823 | 36.04% | 759 | 9.69% | 5 | 0.06% | 1,424 | 18.18% | 7,834 |
| Douglas | 5,058 | 59.25% | 2,824 | 33.08% | 651 | 7.63% | 4 | 0.05% | 2,234 | 26.17% | 8,537 |
| DuPage | 124,893 | 66.61% | 48,492 | 25.86% | 13,814 | 7.37% | 297 | 0.16% | 76,401 | 40.75% | 187,496 |
| Edgar | 6,281 | 56.33% | 3,565 | 31.97% | 1,292 | 11.59% | 13 | 0.12% | 2,716 | 24.36% | 11,151 |
| Edwards | 2,633 | 63.68% | 1,095 | 26.48% | 403 | 9.75% | 4 | 0.10% | 1,538 | 37.19% | 4,135 |
| Effingham | 6,698 | 55.95% | 4,496 | 37.55% | 777 | 6.49% | 1 | 0.01% | 2,202 | 18.39% | 11,972 |
| Fayette | 5,449 | 52.38% | 4,011 | 38.56% | 939 | 9.03% | 4 | 0.04% | 1,438 | 13.82% | 10,403 |
| Ford | 5,233 | 65.38% | 2,216 | 27.69% | 550 | 6.87% | 5 | 0.06% | 3,017 | 37.69% | 8,004 |
| Franklin | 9,036 | 42.88% | 10,095 | 47.90% | 1,930 | 9.16% | 13 | 0.06% | -1,059 | -5.03% | 21,074 |
| Fulton | 9,582 | 46.72% | 9,622 | 46.92% | 1,234 | 6.02% | 71 | 0.35% | -40 | -0.20% | 20,509 |
| Gallatin | 1,802 | 43.01% | 1,980 | 47.26% | 404 | 9.64% | 4 | 0.10% | -178 | -4.25% | 4,190 |
| Greene | 3,944 | 51.17% | 3,094 | 40.14% | 660 | 8.56% | 10 | 0.13% | 850 | 11.03% | 7,708 |
| Grundy | 6,607 | 59.50% | 3,407 | 30.68% | 1,085 | 9.77% | 6 | 0.05% | 3,200 | 28.82% | 11,105 |
| Hamilton | 2,912 | 52.82% | 1,951 | 35.39% | 643 | 11.66% | 7 | 0.13% | 961 | 17.43% | 5,513 |
| Hancock | 6,866 | 60.24% | 3,720 | 32.64% | 806 | 7.07% | 5 | 0.04% | 3,146 | 27.60% | 11,397 |
| Hardin | 1,492 | 51.75% | 1,199 | 41.59% | 187 | 6.49% | 5 | 0.17% | 293 | 10.16% | 2,883 |
| Henderson | 2,224 | 53.62% | 1,635 | 39.42% | 288 | 6.94% | 1 | 0.02% | 589 | 14.20% | 4,148 |
| Henry | 12,524 | 55.10% | 8,455 | 37.20% | 1,725 | 7.59% | 27 | 0.12% | 4,069 | 17.90% | 22,731 |
| Iroquois | 10,885 | 67.89% | 3,897 | 24.31% | 1,225 | 7.64% | 26 | 0.16% | 6,988 | 43.59% | 16,033 |
| Jackson | 9,134 | 46.47% | 8,856 | 45.05% | 1,645 | 8.37% | 22 | 0.11% | 278 | 1.41% | 19,657 |
| Jasper | 2,944 | 51.78% | 2,012 | 35.39% | 728 | 12.80% | 2 | 0.04% | 932 | 16.39% | 5,686 |
| Jefferson | 7,367 | 47.63% | 6,476 | 41.87% | 1,612 | 10.42% | 12 | 0.08% | 891 | 5.76% | 15,467 |
| Jersey | 3,806 | 46.81% | 3,350 | 41.21% | 971 | 11.94% | 3 | 0.04% | 456 | 5.61% | 8,130 |
| Jo Daviess | 5,563 | 59.13% | 3,228 | 34.31% | 607 | 6.45% | 10 | 0.11% | 2,335 | 24.82% | 9,408 |
| Johnson | 2,406 | 60.53% | 1,143 | 28.75% | 421 | 10.59% | 5 | 0.13% | 1,263 | 31.77% | 3,975 |
| Kane | 54,144 | 61.94% | 26,609 | 30.44% | 6,340 | 7.25% | 327 | 0.37% | 27,535 | 31.50% | 87,420 |
| Kankakee | 20,025 | 52.35% | 14,460 | 37.80% | 3,735 | 9.76% | 30 | 0.08% | 5,565 | 14.55% | 38,250 |
| Kendall | 7,184 | 70.45% | 2,228 | 21.85% | 780 | 7.65% | 6 | 0.06% | 4,956 | 48.60% | 10,198 |
| Knox | 14,216 | 53.86% | 9,707 | 36.77% | 2,394 | 9.07% | 79 | 0.30% | 4,509 | 17.08% | 26,396 |
| Lake | 68,999 | 56.60% | 43,409 | 35.61% | 8,738 | 7.17% | 757 | 0.62% | 25,590 | 20.99% | 121,903 |
| LaSalle | 26,054 | 50.48% | 22,940 | 44.45% | 2,590 | 5.02% | 26 | 0.05% | 3,114 | 6.03% | 51,610 |
| Lawrence | 4,883 | 54.58% | 3,075 | 34.37% | 972 | 10.87% | 16 | 0.18% | 1,808 | 20.21% | 8,946 |
| Lee | 9,598 | 62.92% | 4,727 | 30.99% | 925 | 6.06% | 5 | 0.03% | 4,871 | 31.93% | 15,255 |
| Livingston | 11,963 | 65.88% | 5,234 | 28.82% | 950 | 5.23% | 13 | 0.07% | 6,729 | 37.05% | 18,160 |
| Logan | 8,638 | 60.45% | 4,552 | 31.86% | 1,083 | 7.58% | 16 | 0.11% | 4,086 | 28.60% | 14,289 |
| Macon | 21,027 | 42.27% | 23,369 | 46.98% | 5,163 | 10.38% | 182 | 0.37% | -2,342 | -4.71% | 49,741 |
| Macoupin | 10,262 | 43.91% | 10,750 | 46.00% | 2,325 | 9.95% | 31 | 0.13% | -488 | -2.09% | 23,368 |
| Madison | 39,622 | 39.18% | 46,384 | 45.87% | 14,987 | 14.82% | 136 | 0.13% | -6,762 | -6.69% | 101,129 |
| Marion | 8,134 | 46.09% | 7,737 | 43.84% | 1,680 | 9.52% | 98 | 0.56% | 397 | 2.25% | 17,649 |
| Marshall | 3,897 | 58.36% | 2,455 | 36.77% | 313 | 4.69% | 12 | 0.18% | 1,442 | 21.60% | 6,677 |
| Mason | 3,899 | 49.65% | 3,365 | 42.85% | 572 | 7.28% | 17 | 0.22% | 534 | 6.80% | 7,853 |
| Massac | 3,578 | 55.51% | 1,934 | 30.00% | 926 | 14.37% | 8 | 0.12% | 1,644 | 25.50% | 6,446 |
| McDonough | 8,496 | 65.74% | 3,785 | 29.29% | 628 | 4.86% | 15 | 0.12% | 4,711 | 36.45% | 12,924 |
| McHenry | 27,245 | 66.15% | 10,896 | 26.46% | 2,701 | 6.56% | 343 | 0.83% | 16,349 | 39.70% | 41,185 |
| McLean | 22,284 | 59.22% | 12,779 | 33.96% | 2,351 | 6.25% | 216 | 0.57% | 9,505 | 25.26% | 37,630 |
| Menard | 2,980 | 59.66% | 1,640 | 32.83% | 372 | 7.45% | 3 | 0.06% | 1,340 | 26.83% | 4,995 |
| Mercer | 4,844 | 56.33% | 3,143 | 36.55% | 607 | 7.06% | 6 | 0.07% | 1,701 | 19.78% | 8,600 |
| Monroe | 5,086 | 55.48% | 2,822 | 30.78% | 1,253 | 13.67% | 6 | 0.07% | 2,264 | 24.70% | 9,167 |
| Montgomery | 7,547 | 46.19% | 7,318 | 44.79% | 1,468 | 8.98% | 6 | 0.04% | 229 | 1.40% | 16,339 |
| Morgan | 8,902 | 54.52% | 6,281 | 38.47% | 1,137 | 6.96% | 7 | 0.04% | 2,621 | 16.05% | 16,327 |
| Moultrie | 3,094 | 50.50% | 2,447 | 39.94% | 571 | 9.32% | 15 | 0.24% | 647 | 10.56% | 6,127 |
| Ogle | 12,168 | 68.98% | 4,399 | 24.94% | 1,060 | 6.01% | 14 | 0.08% | 7,769 | 44.04% | 17,641 |
| Peoria | 37,021 | 49.96% | 30,937 | 41.75% | 5,648 | 7.62% | 499 | 0.67% | 6,084 | 8.21% | 74,105 |
| Perry | 5,384 | 49.02% | 4,449 | 40.51% | 1,144 | 10.42% | 6 | 0.05% | 935 | 8.51% | 10,983 |
| Piatt | 3,973 | 56.28% | 2,447 | 34.66% | 636 | 9.01% | 3 | 0.04% | 1,526 | 21.62% | 7,059 |
| Pike | 5,035 | 50.66% | 4,191 | 42.17% | 697 | 7.01% | 16 | 0.16% | 844 | 8.49% | 9,939 |
| Pope | 1,307 | 57.63% | 732 | 32.28% | 226 | 9.96% | 3 | 0.13% | 575 | 25.35% | 2,268 |
| Pulaski | 1,741 | 37.59% | 2,076 | 44.82% | 815 | 17.59% | 0 | 0.00% | -335 | -7.23% | 4,632 |
| Putnam | 1,351 | 53.93% | 988 | 39.44% | 162 | 6.47% | 4 | 0.16% | 363 | 14.49% | 2,505 |
| Randolph | 7,681 | 50.37% | 5,953 | 39.04% | 1,607 | 10.54% | 9 | 0.06% | 1,728 | 11.33% | 15,250 |
| Richland | 4,781 | 58.76% | 2,495 | 30.66% | 853 | 10.48% | 8 | 0.10% | 2,286 | 28.09% | 8,137 |
| Rock Island | 30,404 | 43.35% | 34,506 | 49.20% | 5,054 | 7.21% | 176 | 0.25% | -4,102 | -5.85% | 70,140 |
| Saline | 6,913 | 49.92% | 5,985 | 43.22% | 939 | 6.78% | 12 | 0.09% | 928 | 6.70% | 13,849 |
| Sangamon | 36,510 | 50.02% | 29,542 | 40.47% | 6,586 | 9.02% | 358 | 0.49% | 6,968 | 9.55% | 72,996 |
| Schuyler | 2,760 | 60.00% | 1,475 | 32.07% | 346 | 7.52% | 19 | 0.41% | 1,285 | 27.93% | 4,600 |
| Scott | 1,971 | 55.55% | 1,252 | 35.29% | 325 | 9.16% | 0 | 0.00% | 719 | 20.26% | 3,548 |
| Shelby | 5,487 | 49.27% | 4,528 | 40.66% | 1,115 | 10.01% | 7 | 0.06% | 959 | 8.61% | 11,137 |
| St. Clair | 34,442 | 34.14% | 50,726 | 50.29% | 15,260 | 15.13% | 446 | 0.44% | -16,284 | -16.14% | 100,874 |
| Stark | 2,292 | 62.54% | 1,128 | 30.78% | 239 | 6.52% | 6 | 0.16% | 1,164 | 31.76% | 3,665 |
| Stephenson | 11,821 | 59.32% | 7,040 | 35.33% | 1,050 | 5.27% | 17 | 0.09% | 4,781 | 23.99% | 19,928 |
| Tazewell | 22,971 | 47.44% | 20,712 | 42.77% | 4,711 | 9.73% | 28 | 0.06% | 2,259 | 4.67% | 48,422 |
| Union | 3,889 | 46.45% | 3,603 | 43.04% | 871 | 10.40% | 9 | 0.11% | 286 | 3.42% | 8,372 |
| Vermilion | 21,391 | 49.26% | 16,238 | 37.39% | 5,726 | 13.19% | 69 | 0.16% | 5,153 | 11.87% | 43,424 |
| Wabash | 3,529 | 55.21% | 2,244 | 35.11% | 614 | 9.61% | 5 | 0.08% | 1,285 | 20.10% | 6,392 |
| Warren | 5,877 | 60.00% | 3,085 | 31.50% | 824 | 8.41% | 9 | 0.09% | 2,792 | 28.50% | 9,795 |
| Washington | 4,793 | 63.32% | 2,093 | 27.65% | 671 | 8.87% | 12 | 0.16% | 2,700 | 35.67% | 7,569 |
| Wayne | 5,532 | 59.59% | 2,993 | 32.24% | 745 | 8.02% | 14 | 0.15% | 2,539 | 27.35% | 9,284 |
| White | 5,351 | 53.77% | 3,837 | 38.56% | 761 | 7.65% | 3 | 0.03% | 1,514 | 15.21% | 9,952 |
| Whiteside | 15,177 | 61.86% | 8,132 | 33.15% | 1,179 | 4.81% | 46 | 0.19% | 7,045 | 28.72% | 24,534 |
| Will | 43,630 | 49.32% | 31,576 | 35.70% | 12,595 | 14.24% | 659 | 0.74% | 12,054 | 13.63% | 88,460 |
| Williamson | 11,886 | 50.39% | 9,660 | 40.95% | 2,031 | 8.61% | 11 | 0.05% | 2,226 | 9.44% | 23,588 |
| Winnebago | 47,646 | 52.51% | 36,702 | 40.45% | 6,176 | 6.81% | 215 | 0.24% | 10,944 | 12.06% | 90,739 |
| Woodford | 7,876 | 61.79% | 4,005 | 31.42% | 856 | 6.72% | 10 | 0.08% | 3,871 | 30.37% | 12,747 |
| Totals | 2,174,774 | 47.08% | 2,039,814 | 44.15% | 390,958 | 8.46% | 14,203 | 0.31% | 134,960 | 2.92% | 4,619,749 |
Notes
- Although he was born in California and he served as a U.S. Senator from California, in 1968 Richard Nixon’s official state of residence was New York, because he moved there to practice law after his defeat in the 1962 California gubernatorial election. During his first term as president, Nixon re-established his residency in California. Consequently, most reliable reference books list Nixon’s home state as New York in the 1968 election and his home state as California in the 1972 (and 1960) election.
gollark: I guess we could name some system components that?
gollark: *Hypercycle* is the current version.
gollark: https://pastebin.com/T81NJMpt
gollark: PotatOS Tetrahedron is WIP and never released.
gollark: PotatOS is *not* any geometric shape as it is a program.
References
- Kleppner, Paul; The Evolution of American Electoral Systems, pp. 183, 201 ISBN 0313213798
- Phillips, Kevin P.; The Emerging Republican Majority, pp. 398-399 ISBN 9780691163246
- Edison, Jeffrey; ‘The Forgotten County: St. Clair County, Illinois, in 1968’ (thesis), p. 29. Published 2018 by Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville
- "OFFICIAL VOTE Cast at the GENERAL ELECTION NOVEMBER 5, 1968 JUDICIAL PRIMARY ELECTION GENERAL PRIMARY, JUNE, 11, 1972" (PDF). Illinois State Board of Elections. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
- "OFFICIAL VOTE Cast at the GENERAL ELECTION NOVEMBER 4, 1986" (PDF). www.elections.il.gov. Illinois State Board of Elections. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- Illinois Blue Book 1967-1968. Illinois Secretary of State. p. 884. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
- Edwards, Owen Dudley; ‘No Escape Route for Humphrey on All Those Nasty Issues’; The Irish Times, 21 August 1968, p. 5
- Healy, Robert; ‘Politics: It’s Still too Early To Pick Winner’; Boston Globe, September 8, 1968, p. 6A
- Mergel, Sarah Katherine; ‘A Report Card for Richard Nixon: Conservative Intellectuals and the President’ (thesis), p. 66. Published by The George Washington University, 2007
- Janson, Donald; ‘Humphrey Losing Illinois Support: Wallace, With Rally Slated for Tomorrow, Is Factor’; New York Times, September 29, 1968, p. 69
- ‘Electoral Vote: Nixon 359, HHH 46’; Boston Globe, October 7, 1968, p. 24
- Janson, Donald; ‘Humphrey and Wallace to Stage Rival Rallies Friday in Chicago’; New York Times, October 30, 1968, p. 30
- "1968 Presidential General Election Results – Illinois". Retrieved December 27, 2016.
- Cooke, Alistair; ‘Illinois Dooms Humphrey’; The Guardian, 7 November 1968, p. 2
- Vohra, H.R.; ‘Nixon Vote President: Close Race – Night-long suspense resolved by key State of Illinois’; The Times of India, 7 November 1968, p. 1
- Edison; ‘The Forgotten County’, p. 110
- Our Campaigns; IL US President 1968
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