Demographics of Yemen

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Yemen (Arabic: سكان اليمن‎), including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Yemen's tribal areas and Shia/Sunni regions. Shia Muslims predominant in the green area of Yemen's West, with the rest of Yemen being Sunni Muslims.

Population
Historical population
YearPop.±%
19504,316,000—    
19605,116,000+18.5%
19706,145,000+20.1%
19807,945,000+29.3%
199011,948,000+50.4%
200017,723,000+48.3%
201024,053,000+35.7%
Source:[1]

The population of Yemen was about 28 million according to 2018 estimates,[2][3] with 46% of the population being under 15 years old and 2.7% above 65 years. In 1950, it was 4.3 million.[4][5] By 2050, the population is estimated to increase to about 60 million.[6]

Yemenis are mainly of Arab ethnicity.[7] When the former states of North and South Yemen were established, most resident minority groups departed.[8] Yemen is still a largely tribal society.[9] In the northern, mountainous parts of the country, there are some 400 Zaidi tribes.[10] There are also hereditary caste groups in urban areas such as Al-Akhdam.[11]

According to the USCRI, Yemen hosted a population of refugees and asylum seekers numbering approximately 69 in 2007. Refugees and asylum seekers living in Yemen were predominantly from Iraq, Somalia, Ethiopia,[12] and Syria.[13]

Ethnic groups

Predominantly Arab; but also Afro-Arab, South Asians, Europeans.[14] 1,000 soldiers from France and the United States live in Yemen.[15][16]

Languages

Arabic is the official language; English is also used in official and business circles.[17] In the Mahra area (the extreme east), several non-Arabic languages (including Mehri) are spoken.[18] When the former states of north and south Yemen were established, most resident minority groups departed.[18]

Religions
Main article: Religion in Yemen
Religions of Yemen (2010 )[19]
Religions percent
Islam
 
 99.1%
Other (includes Jewish, Baha'i, Hindu, and Christian)
 
 0.9%

Religion in Yemen consists primarily of two principal Islamic religious groups: 53% of the Muslim population is Sunni and over 45% is Shia, according to the UNHCR.[20] Other put the numbers of Shias at 30%.[17][21] Sunnis primarily adhere to the Shafi'i school, and there are also significant followers of the Maliki and Hanbali schools. Shias are primarily Zaidi and also have significant minorities of Twelver[20][22] and Ismaili Shias.[20]

Zaidis are generally found in the north and northwest and Shafi'is in the south and southeast.[18] There are also approximately 3,000 Christians and 400 Jews.[17]

Literacy
See also: Education in Yemen

According to composite data compiled by the World Bank, the adult literacy rate for Yemen in 2005 was 35 percent for females and 73 percent for males. The overall literacy rate for the population age 15 and older was 54 percent. By comparison, low-income countries in the aggregate average an adult literacy rate of almost 62 percent.[17]

In 2006 only 75 percent of Yemen’s school-age population was enrolled in primary school; enrollment was even lower for the female population—only 65 percent. In that same year, only 37 percent of the school-age population was enrolled in secondary school, including only 26 percent of eligible females.[17]

Diaspora
Main article: Yemeni diaspora

The Yemeni diaspora is largely concentrated in the United Kingdom, where between 70,000 and 80,000 Yemenis live. Over 20,000 Yemenis reside in the United States, and an additional 2,812 live in Italy. Other Yemenis also reside in Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Bahrain, as well as Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, and the former USSR. A smaller number of modern-day Pakistanis are of Yemeni descent, their original ancestors having left Yemen for the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia over four centuries ago.[23] 350,000 Yemenite Jews live in Israel. In 2015, due to the conflict in Yemen, many have migrated to the northern coasts of Djibouti and Somalia.

Demographic statistics from the CIA World Factbook
Yemen's population (1961-2008). Yemen has a growth rate of 3.46% (2008 est.)[14]

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[14]

Population
Year Population
(July est.)		 Growth rate
(est.)
2004 20,024,867
2005 20,727,063
2006 21,456,188
2007 22,230,531
2008 23,013,376
2009 23,822,783
2010 23,495,361
2011 24,133,492

Source: CIA Factbooks 2000–2010.

Year Birth rate (est.):
births/1000 pop.		 Death rate (est.):
deaths/1000 pop.		 Net migration rate (est.):
migrants/1000 pop.
2004 43.16 8.78 0
2005 43.07 8.53 0
2006 42.89 8.30 0
2007 42.67 8.05 0
2008 42.42 7.83
2009 42.14 7.61 N/A
2010 34.37 7.24 N/A

Age structure
Population pyramid 2016

estimates for 2010:

0–14 years: 43.5% (male 5,199,954/female 5,013,165)
15–64 years: 53.9% (male 6,438,569/female 6,233,708)
65 years and over: 2.6% (male 291,319/female 318,646)

Population growth rate
2.713% (2010 est.)

Sex ratio

(2010 est.)

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female
total population: 1.03 male(s)/female

Urbanization
Urban population: 31% of total population (2008)
Rate of urbanization: 4.9% annual rate of change (2005–2010 est.)

AIDS adult prevalence rate
0.1% (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS – people living with HIV/AIDS
12,000 (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS – deaths

N/A

Life expectancy at birth

(2010 est.)

total population: 63.36 years
male: 61.35 years
female: 65.47 years

Major infectious diseases
degree of risk: high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria
water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2009)

Nationality
  • noun: Yemeni(s)
  • adjective: Yemeni

Vital statistics

In 2007 the birthrate and death rate were estimated to be 42.7 per 1,000 and 8.1 per 1,000, respectively (CIA est.). The infant mortality rate was almost 58 deaths per 1,000 live births. The rate was estimated to be higher for males than for females—more than 62 male deaths per 1,000 live births, as compared with about 53 female deaths per 1,000 live births. Despite an increase of 14 years in the last decade, life expectancy at birth in Yemen has remained low compared with other developing countries—60.6 years for males and 64.5 years for females, or 62.5 years overall. The country’s fertility rate was almost 6.5 children per woman in 2007 free.[17]

UN estimates[24]
Period Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR1 CDR1 NC1 TFR1 IMR1
1950–1955 214,000 131,000 84,000 47.6 29.0 18.6 7.27 215.1
1955–1960 234,000 133,000 101,000 47.8 27.1 20.7 7.28 204.2
1960–1965 261,000 138,000 123,000 48.6 25.6 22.9 7.34 194.0
1965–1970 296,000 144,000 152,000 50.3 24.5 25.8 7.52 184.4
1970–1975 329,000 149,000 180,000 51.2 23.2 28.0 7.67 174.4
1975–1980 410,000 144,000 266,000 56.0 19.7 36.3 8.58 143.2
1980–1985 512,000 140,000 373,000 57.9 15.8 42.1 9.23 113.5
1985–1990 585,000 137,000 448,000 53.9 12.6 41.3 8.93 94.0
1990–1995 665,000 155,000 510,000 49.1 11.4 37.6 8.24 86.2
1995–2000 702,000 167,000 535,000 42.7 10.2 32.6 6.98 78.6
2000–2005 765,000 159,000 605,000 39.9 8.3 31.5 6.10 64.8
2005–2010 864,000 156,000 708,000 38.6 7.0 31.7 5.48 53.3
1 CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births

Births and deaths [25]

Year Population (x1000) Live births Deaths Natural increase Crude birth rate Crude death rate Rate of natural increase TFR
2010 318,936 28,494 290,422
2011 239,980 23,622 216,358
2012 279,719 28,596 251,123
2013 425,165 35,066 390,099

Fertility and births

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[26]

Year CBR (Total) TFR (Total) CBR (Urban) TFR (Urban) CBR (Rural) TFR (Rural)
1997 39.2 6.48 35.2 5.01 40.6 7.03
2013 33.4 4.4 (3,1) 27.4 3.2 (2,4) 36.2 5.1 (3,5)

Life expectancy
Period Life expectancy in
Years		 Period Life expectancy in
Years
1950–1955 34.7 1985–1990 56.8
1955–1960 34.7 1990–1995 58.5
1960–1965 34.7 1995–2000 59.8
1965–1970 39.1 2000–2005 61.0
1970–1975 43.3 2005–2010 62.8
1975–1980 48.1 2010–2015 64.2
1980–1985 53.0

Source: UN World Population Prospects[27]

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See also
  • Tribes in Yemen

References
  1. World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision
  2. ""World Population prospects – Population division"". population.un.org. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
  3. ""Overall total population" – World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision" (xslx). population.un.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
  4. "The General Census of Population 2004". Sabanews. 29 December 2004 [Updated 13 December 2013]. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  5. "The population explosion on Europe's doorstep". Times (London). London. 18 May 2008. Retrieved 22 February 2013. (subscription required)
  6. "Yemen: Government planning to curb population growth". IRIN Middle East. 14 July 2008. Retrieved 22 February 2013. (for Arabic, read it here: .)
  7. "Yemen". Central Intelligence Agency. CIA World Factbook. 6 December 2013.
  8. "U.S. Relations With Yemen". U.S. Department of State. 28 August 2013.
  9. Flamand, Annasofie; Macleod, Hugh (5 December 2009). "The children of Yemen's tribal war". The Herald Scotland. Glasgow. Retrieved 22 February 2013.
  10. Pike, John (5 July 2011). "Zaydi Islam". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 22 February 2013. (Requires 3rd-party cookies)
  11. Lehmann, Hermann (1954). "Distribution of the sickle cell trait". Eugenics Review. 46 (2): 101–121. PMC 2973326. PMID 21260667.
  12. "World Refugee Survey 2008". U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants. 19 June 2008. Archived from the original on 19 October 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  13. "Poor and desperate, Syrian refugees beg on Yemen's streets". Reuters. 26 September 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  14. The World Factbook - Yemen
  15. https://www.dailysabah.com/mideast/2018/06/16/french-troops-fighting-houthis-in-yemen-alongside-uae-forces-le-figaro-claims
  16. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/us-special-forces-saudi-arabia-yemen-war-green-berets-houthi-rebels-mohammed-bin-salman-a8335481.html
  17. Country profile: Yemen. Library of Congress Federal Research Division (August 2008). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  18. Background note: Yemen. US Department of State (December 2007). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  19. "Middle East :: YEMEN". CIA The World Factbook.
  20. "Yemen: The conflict in Saada Governorate – analysis". UN High Commissioner for Refugees. 24 July 2008. Archived from the original on 2012-11-20. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
  21. Merrick, Jane; Sengupta, Kim (20 September 2009). "Yemen: The land with more guns than people". The Independent. London. Retrieved 21 March 2010.
  22. Al-Zaidi, Hassan (22 October 2007). "The Twelve-Imam Shiite Sect". Yemen Times. Archived from the original on 22 October 2007.
  23. Yemenis in the UK
  24. World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision Archived May 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  25. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2014.htm
  26. http://www.dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR94/FR94.pdf
  27. "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". Retrieved 2017-07-15.
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