West Orange, New Jersey

West Orange is a suburban[22][23] township in central Essex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 46,207,[10][11][12] reflecting an increase of 1,264 (+2.8%) from the 44,943 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 5,840 (+14.9%) from the 39,103 counted in the 1990 Census.[24]

West Orange, New Jersey
Township
Township of West Orange
Thomas Edison National Historical Park in West Orange
Seal
Motto(s): 
"Where Invention Lives"[1]
Location in Essex County and the state of New Jersey.
Census Bureau map of West Orange, New Jersey
West Orange
Location in Essex County
West Orange
Location in New Jersey
West Orange
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 40.788888°N 74.266666°W / 40.788888; -74.266666[2][3]
Country United States
State New Jersey
CountyEssex
IncorporatedApril 10, 1863 (as township)
ReincorporatedFebruary 28, 1900 (as town)
Government
 • TypeFaulkner Act (Mayor-Council)
 • BodyTownship Council
 • MayorRobert D. Parisi (term ends December 31, 2022)[5][6]
 • Business AdministratorJohn K. Sayers[7]
 • Municipal clerkKaren J. Carnevale[8]
Area
 • Total12.171 sq mi (31.522 km2)
 • Land12.046 sq mi (31.198 km2)
 • Water0.125 sq mi (0.324 km2)  1.03%
Area rank190th of 566 in state
3rd of 22 in county[2]
Elevation512 ft (156 m)
Population
 • Total46,207
 • Estimate 
(2019)[14]
47,563
 • Rank40th of 566 in state
5th of 22 in county[15]
 • Density3,836.0/sq mi (1,481.1/km2)
 • Density rank160th of 566 in state
14th of 22 in county[15]
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (Eastern (EDT))
ZIP Code
07052[16][17]
Area code(s)973[18]
FIPS code3401379800[2][19][20]
GNIS feature ID1729718[2][21]
WebsiteOfficial website
Main Street in West Orange

History
Evangelical Methodist Church

West Orange was originally part of the Native American Hackensack clan's territory, for over 10,000 years. The Hackensack were a phratry of the Unami tribe of the Leni Lenape. In their language, "Leni Lenape" means, "The Original People." The Acquackanonk sub-tribe were located along the Passaic River. They were part of the Algonquin language family, and known as "Delaware Indians" by the 18th century. They identified themselves with the totem of the Turtle. They were hunter-gatherers, matrilineal, and had cultural traditions such as Wedding Ceremonies. Northfield Ave and Old Indian Road in West Orange, remain as original Hackensack trails. Their main settlement was where the city of Hackensack is today. They would travel to the ocean or mountains to hunt for food. The Passaic River runs in an upside-down V shape - 8 miles (13 km) west and east, and 13 miles (21 km) north of West Orange. In the centuries prior to industrial development, the Passaic River and Watchung Mountains were major geographic landmarks amidst the untouched wilderness.

West Orange is located at the peak of the Watchung Mountains. This vantage point over the valleys east to Manhattan - had a strategic value for Lenni Lenape warriors, and later George Washington's troops during the American Revolution. The wooded South Mountain Reservation has rocks shaped like the backs of large turtles. The area is now known as "Turtle Back Rock Picnic Area" and gives its name to the Turtle Back Zoo. The Turtle Back Rocks were considered sacred to the Native Americans.

The Native Americans were hunter-gatherer tribes who would overlap territories and occasionally had tribal wars, but did not "own" land. They believed in taking only what was immediately necessary from nature, and considering the needs of the next seven generations. This hospitality at first benefited the European settlers, who struggled in the wilderness after reaching North America's shores. In the 1500s and 1600s, the territory was disputed and transferred many times between the Hackensack, Dutch, Scottish, Swedes, and English colonists. Due to the wars between the Native Americans and European settlers, most European settlers stayed East of the Hudson River. In 1664, the English took possession of Dutch New Netherland. On October 28, 1664, The English purchased 780 square miles (2,000 km2) of land from the Hackensack, from Staten Island to the Passaic River on the North to the Raritan River on the South, for about 154 English pounds. This is known as the "Elizabethtown Purchase."[25]

In 1666, Puritan Captain Robert Treat moved south to New Jersey from Connecticut and purchased a tract of land from Governor Carteret, west of the Passaic River and 8 miles (13 km) east of what is currently West Orange. However, the Hackensack tribe disputed this purchase, and said it was not included in the Elizabethtown Purchase. On July 11, 1667, Treat settled the purchase through Samuel Efsal, a Lenni Lenape interpreter. He then founded "New Ark" or Newark, establishing it as a Puritan theocracy, as had been done in Milford, CT. The Newark territory kept extending West as the English overthrew the Dutch and claimed or purchased more Hackensack territory. This expansion was effected primarily by individual property owners, who would purchase tracts of land bit by bit. Sometimes they would name it after themselves or where they were from in Europe. Often the borders were not clearly defined, and few if any maps remain.[26]

In 1678, Anthony Olive became the first European to settle in what is now West Orange. He was of Dutch origin. He started a farm at the base of the mountains—in what is now Llewellyn Park. It was still untouched wilderness. In 1702, New Jersey became a royal colony of England. By 1706 what is now West Orange - was considered part of Essex County in the East Jersey territory.[27]

By the 1700s West Orange was known as part of the Newark Mountains. During the American Revolution, the valleys were populated by farms and mills. The area on Main Street now known as "Tory Corner" was called Williamstown, after two brothers Nathaniel and Benjamin Williams. Nathaniel and his two eldest sons were Loyalists to the British crown, and gathered other Loyalists for meetings. Nathaniel took his eldest sons James and Amos to join the British Army in 1777, and never returned. Meanwhile, Nathaniel's wife Mary Williams stayed on the farm with her younger children. Her farm house had been built in 1720. She gave freely to Washington's revolutionary troops. James finally returned to the farm decades later, to reunite with his mother Mary. Nathaniel and Amos never returned. Nathaniel died of smallpox in New York. A plaque to Mary Williams was erected by the Daughters of the American Revolution in 1922.

West Orange was initially a part of Newark township, and remained so until November 27, 1806, when the territory now encompassing all of The Oranges was detached to form Orange Township.[28] On April 13, 1807, the first government was elected. On January 31, 1860, Orange was incorporated as a town, and on April 3, 1872, it was reincorporated as a city.[28] Almost immediately, Orange began fragmenting into smaller communities, primarily because of local disputes about the costs of establishing paid police, fire and street departments. South Orange was organized on April 1, 1861, Fairmount (an independent municipality for less than one year that was later to become part of West Orange) on March 11, 1862, and East Orange on March 4, 1863.[28] West Orange (including what had been the briefly independent municipality of Fairmount) was incorporated as a township on April 10, 1863, and was reformed as a town on February 28, 1900.[28][29] In 1980, West Orange again became a township to take advantage of federal revenue sharing policies that allocated a greater share of government aid to municipalities classified as townships.[30][31][32]

The township derives its name from William III of England[33] or William IV, Prince of Orange,[34] which in turn is derived from the city of Orange.

The Eagle Rock Reservation covers 400 acres (160 ha) in West Orange, Montclair and Verona. It was home to many eagles. It currently is the trail head for the Lenni Lenape Trail.[35] Rock Spring is located at the bottom of the Turtle Back Rocks - currently at the corner of Northfield Avenue and Walker Road, West Orange. The water from the spring was considered to have healing powers since Native American times. By the 19th century, visitors from New York City would come to West Orange to drink the water from this spring for its supposed curative powers. West Orange became a resort or country retreat - with boating, fishing, and an Amusement Park at Crystal Lake near Eagle Rock Reservation. In 1901, the first uphill automobile test took place called the Eagle Rock Hill Climb.[36]

Llewellyn Park, the first planned community in America, is located within West Orange, and was designed by entrepreneur Llewellyn Haskell and architect Alexander Jackson Davis in 1857.[37] Llewellyn Park is considered among the best examples of the "Romantic Landscape" movement of that period.[38]

Thomas Edison was one of the many residents.[39] Thomas Edison's Laboratory, currently a National Park, was where he developed the inventions that earned more than 1,000 patents, including the light bulb, stock ticker and recorded sound. The laboratory grounds also include the Black Maria - America's first movie studio, the birthplace of Hollywood.[40] The whole idea of a movie industry was first born in West Orange. The town's movie industry rapidly began to spreading to surrounding areas. Eventually the industry spread to Fort Lee, New Jersey in 1907, which offered inexpensive land for movie production studios that could be located in close proximity to New York City.[41] In response to the demands by the Edison Trust for royalties from studios, independent studios located in the Fort Lee area started to relocate to what is now Hollywood, California, where they could operate in good weather year-round, out of reach of Edison and his trust.[42]

In the late 1800s, the Valley region of West Orange was home to 34 hat factories, known as the hat making capital of the country. It is currently under redevelopment as 'Hat City' or 'The Valley Arts District'.[43] Until its closure in 1983, the Orange Quarry Company was located in West Orange, where bluestone was mined.[44]

Post-World War II, there was a real estate development boom in West Orange. In the 1960s, "white flight" from the Newark Riots and Civil Rights Era led to further settlement of West Orange. The 1970 opening of Interstate 280 made West Orange a popular "bedroom community" suburb for commuters to New York City. This coincided with changes to immigration laws re-opening the countryto Asian immigration in 1965, and 1980s desegregation of American suburbs. By the 1990s, West Orange had become a "melting pot", home to a very diverse and international community. Many of the industries that had made West Orange grow, left the area by the 1960s. This left some urban blight and abandoned warehouses in the Valley, in contrast to wealthy communities on top of the mountains.

It is currently home to Kessler Institute, where actor Christopher Reeve rehabilitated, and Daughters of Israel. It is also home to many Jewish synagogues and Korean churches.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 12.171 square miles (31.522 km2), including 12.046 square miles (31.198 km2) of land and 0.125 square miles (0.324 km2) of water (1.03%).[2][3] It is located approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) west of downtown Newark and 12 miles (19 km) west of New York City. West Orange is in the New York metropolitan area.

The West Branch of the Rahway River originates at Crystal Lake and passes through the township in South Mountain Reservation.[45]

West Orange borders the Essex County communities of Essex Fells, Livingston, Millburn, Maplewood, Montclair, Orange, Roseland, South Orange and Verona.[46][47][48]

Neighborhoods

Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Crestmont, Crystal Lake, Llewellyn Park, Pleasantdale and Saint Cloud.[49]

The township has an eclectic mix of neighborhoods and housing types, which roughly correspond to the township's geographic features. Generally, the township has four distinct neighborhoods:

Downtown West Orange and The Valley

The oldest and most densely populated part of the township is Downtown West Orange, which lies in the low basin along the township's eastern border with the city of Orange and Montclair. Main Street, in this section, is home to the Thomas Edison National Historical Park, as well as the municipal building, police headquarters, and a branch post office. The West Orange Public Library is located on Mount Pleasant Avenue in this section, just west of Main Street. Downtown West Orange is laid out in the pattern of a traditional town, and is formed around the western termini of two major east–west arteries of the Newark street grid: Central Avenue and Park Avenue. Downtown West Orange has the most urban character of the township's neighborhoods, while the Valley is home to a growing arts district, the West Orange Arts Center, Luna Stage and a significant African American community.

The First Mountain

West of Downtown, the neighborhoods of West Orange become increasingly suburban as one ascends the steep hill of the First Watchung Mountain along Northfield, Mount Pleasant, or Eagle Rock Avenue. The housing stock in the neighborhoods of Hutton Park and Gregory is a mixture of Victorian, Jazz Age, and Tudor-style houses; large estates; garden apartments; and post-World War II modern houses. The Victorian enclave of Llewellyn Park, one of America's first planned residential communities, is also located on the First Mountain, having been created in 1853 as a site for country homes for the wealthy from New York City.[50] Many blocks on the First Mountain have sweeping views of the Newark and New York City skylines.

Pleasant Valley and Pleasantdale

Beyond the high ridge traced by Prospect Avenue, West Orange becomes a patchwork of post-World War II suburban neighborhoods, interspersed with pockets of older Victorian homes, as well as golf courses, professional campuses, and shopping centers. Pleasantdale, a walkable business district in this part of the township, includes a number of restaurants, office buildings, stores, and houses of worship. Pleasantdale is also home to a significant Orthodox Jewish community.[51]

The Second Mountain

Finally, the westernmost section of West Orange lies along the eastern face of the Second Watchung Mountain, and includes large portions of the South Mountain Reservation. The housing stock in this neighborhood resembles that of Pleasantdale, as well as those of the adjacent suburban townships of Millburn and Livingston.

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
18702,106—
18803,38560.7%
18904,35828.7%
19006,88958.1%
191010,98059.4%
192015,57341.8%
193024,32756.2%
194025,6625.5%
195028,60511.5%
196039,89539.5%
197043,7159.6%
198039,510−9.6%
199039,103−1.0%
200044,94314.9%
201046,2072.8%
Est. 201947,563[14][52][53]2.9%
Population sources:
1870-1920[54] 1870[55][56] 1880-1890[57]
1890-1910[58] 1900-1930[59]
1900-1990[60] 2000[61][62] 2010[10][11][12]

Census 2000

As of the 2000 United States Census[19] there were 44,943 people, 16,480 households, and 11,684 families residing in the township. The population density was 3,708.7 people per square mile (1,431.7/km2). There were 16,901 housing units at an average density of 1,394.7 per square mile (538.4/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 67.6% White, 17.5% African American, 0.14% Native American, 8.09% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 3.52% from other races, and 3.20% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.04% of the population.[61][62]

There were 16,480 households, out of which 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.0% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.1% were non-families. 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.19. In the township the population was spread out, with 23.3% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 17.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.0 males.[61][62]

The median income for a household in the town was $69,254, and the median income for a family was $83,375. Males had a median income of $52,029 versus $39,484 for females. The per capita income for the township was $34,412. About 4.6% of families and 5.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.0% of those under age 18 and 7.8% of those age 65 or over.[61][62]

Census 2010

The 2010 United States Census counted 46,207 people, 16,790 households, and 11,753.000 families in the township. The population density was 3,836.0 per square mile (1,481.1/km2). There were 17,612 housing units at an average density of 1,462.1 per square mile (564.5/km2). The racial makeup was 57.15% (26,406) White, 26.58% (12,284) Black or African American, 0.38% (174) Native American, 7.96% (3,680) Asian, 0.02% (10) Pacific Islander, 4.82% (2,227) from other races, and 3.09% (1,426) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 16.20% (7,487) of the population.[10]

Of the 16,790 households, 33.4% had children under the age of 18; 53.1% were married couples living together; 12.7% had a female householder with no husband present and 30.0% were non-families. Of all households, 25.5% were made up of individuals and 12.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.28.[10]

23.7% of the population were under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 27.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40.6 years. For every 100 females, the population had 88.3 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 83.2 males.[10]

The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $88,917 (with a margin of error of +/- $4,480) and the median family income was $106,742 (+/- $5,256). Males had a median income of $65,854 (+/- $4,548) versus $43,223 (+/- $2,769) for females. The per capita income for the township was $43,368 (+/- $2,021). About 4.9% of families and 7.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.5% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over.[63]

Economy

Developed by Sol Atlas,[64] Essex Green Shopping Center is an outdoor mall with stores, like ShopRite, restaurants and an AMC Theatres Fork and Screen dine-in movie theater.[65] The 350,000-square-foot (33,000 m2) mall, the largest of its type in Essex County, was purchased in 2016 by Clarion Partners.[66]

Sports

The Jersey Rockhoppers hockey team of the Eastern Professional Hockey League, formed for the 2008–09 season, played home games at the Richard J. Codey Arena.[67] The arena also used to be the practice facility for the New Jersey Devils from 1986 to 2007. The New Jersey Daredevils, a special needs hockey team formed in 2002 that plays in the SHI (Special Hockey International League), uses the arena for home games and practices. Annually in October, the Daredevils host a Halloween themed tournament for Special Hockey International teams (including the Daredevils themselves) called Frankenfest. Frankenfest has been going on every October since 2009. The New Jersey Devils Youth Hockey team also plays here as well.

Parks and recreation

The township is set off by two large parks: the South Mountain Reservation along its southwestern borders with Maplewood, Millburn and South Orange, and the Eagle Rock Reservation along its northeastern borders with Montclair and Verona.[68][69] The township straddles the transition between the low-lying Newark Bay basin and the high terrain of the Watchung Mountains. Fishing and kayaking is available on the Rahway River.

Landmarks and Places of Interest

Government

Local government
West Orange Municipal Building, Main Street & Mount Pleasant Avenue

West Orange is governed by Plan B of the Mayor-Council system of municipal government pursuant to the Faulkner Act, as implemented on July 1, 1962, by direct petition.[70] The township is one of 71 of 565 municipalities statewide that use this form of government.[71] The governing body is comprised of a mayor and a five-member township council. The mayor is directly elected to a four-year term. Each member of the council is elected to a four-year term of on a staggered basis, with either three council seats or two seats and the mayoral seat up for election every even-numbered year. Township elections are nonpartisan, with all seats chosen on an at-large basis.[4] In December 2013, the Township Council approved an ordinance that shifted municipal elections from May to the November general election, citing savings from the combined elections estimated as much as $100,000 per cycle.[72]

As of 2020, the Mayor of West Orange is Robert Parisi, whose term of office ends December 31, 2022.[5] Members of the Township Council are Michelle Casalino (2020), Jerry Guarino (2020), Joe Krakoviak (2020), Cindy Matute-Brown (2022) and Susan McCartney (2022).[73][74][75][76][77][78]

In September 2015, the Township Council selected Michelle Casalino to fill the seat expiring in December 2016 that had been held by Patty Spango until her resignation from office. On November 8, 2016, Councilwoman Casalino was elected to a four-year term.[79]

Municipal court

Officers of the municipal court are:[80]

  • Dennis Dowd - Chief Judge
  • Dawn Donahue - Municipal Judge
  • Joseph Wenzel - Municipal Prosecutor
  • Joseph Deer - Public Defender

Politics

As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 30,561 registered voters in West Orange, of which 14,166 (46.4%) were registered as Democrats, 3,273 (10.7%) were registered as Republicans and 13,108 (42.9%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were no voters registered to other parties.[81]

In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 71.3% of the vote (15,214 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 27.9% (5,950 votes), and other candidates with 0.8% (177 votes), among the 21,491 ballots cast by the township's 32,061 registered voters (150 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 67.0%.[82][83] In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 67.8% of the vote (15,423 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain with 29.3% (6,667 votes) and other candidates with 0.7% (154 votes), among the 22,740 ballots cast by the township's 30,260 registered voters, for a turnout of 75.1%.[84] In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 64.7% of the vote (13,535 ballots cast), outpolling Republican George W. Bush with 34.0% (7,118 votes) and other candidates with 0.7% (186 votes), among the 20,933 ballots cast by the township's 28,418 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 73.7.[85]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 56.0% of the vote (6,350 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 42.9% (4,863 votes), and other candidates with 1.1% (125 votes), among the 11,580 ballots cast by the township's 32,390 registered voters (242 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 35.8%.[86][87] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 59.3% of the vote (8,168 ballots cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 32.9% (4,530 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 6.2% (858 votes) and other candidates with 0.7% (100 votes), among the 13,773 ballots cast by the township's 29,898 registered voters, yielding a 46.1% turnout.[88]

Federal, state and county representation

West Orange is split between the 10th and 11th Congressional Districts[89] and is part of New Jersey's 27th state legislative district.[11][90][91] Prior to the 2010 Census, West Orange had been split between the 8th Congressional District and the 10th Congressional District, a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.[92] In the redistricting that took effect in 2013, 18,122 residents in the eastern third of the township were placed in the 10th district, while 28,085 residents in the western portion of the township were placed in the 11th District.[89][93]

For the 116th United States Congress, New Jersey's Tenth Congressional District is represented by Donald Payne Jr. (D, Newark).[94][95] For the 116th United States Congress, New Jersey's Eleventh Congressional District is represented by Mikie Sherrill (D, Montclair).[96] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2021)[97] and Bob Menendez (Paramus, term ends 2025).[98][99]

For the 2018–2019 session (Senate, General Assembly), the 27th Legislative District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Richard Codey (D, Roseland) and in the General Assembly by Mila Jasey (D, South Orange) and John F. McKeon (D, West Orange).[100][101]

Essex County is governed by a directly-elected County Executive, with legislative functions performed by the Board of Chosen Freeholders.[102] As of 2018, the County Executive is Joseph N. DiVincenzo Jr. (D, Roseland).[103] The county's Board of Chosen Freeholders consists of nine members, four elected on an at-large basis and one from each of five wards, who serve three-year terms of office on a concurrent basis, all of which end December 31, 2018.[102][104][105] Essex County's Freeholders are Freeholder President Brendan W. Gill (D, at-large; Montclair),[106] Freeholder Vice President Wayne L. Richardson (D, District 2 – Irvington, Maplewood and Newark's South Ward and parts of West Ward; Newark),[107] Janine G. Bauer (D, District 3 - East Orange, Newark's West and Central Wards, Orange and South Orange; South Orange, appointed to serve on an interim basis),[108] Rufus I. Johnson (D, at large; Newark),[109] Lebby C. Jones (D, at large; Irvington),[110] Leonard M. Luciano (D, District 4 – Caldwell, Cedar Grove, Essex Fells, Fairfield, Livingston, Millburn, North Caldwell, Roseland, Verona, West Caldwell and West Orange; West Caldwell),[111] Robert Mercado (D, District 1 – Newark's North and East Wards, parts of Central and West Wards; Newark),[112] Carlos M. Pomares (D, District 5 – Belleville, Bloomfield, Glen Ridge, Montclair and Nutley; Bloomfield)[113] and Patricia Sebold (D, at large; Livingston).[114][104][115][116] Constitutional officers elected countywide are County Clerk Christopher J. Durkin (West Caldwell; D, 2020),[117][118] Sheriff Armando B. Fontoura (Fairfield; D, 2018)[119][120] and Surrogate Theodore N. Stephens II (D, 2021).[121][122][104]

Education
Main article: West Orange Public Schools

The West Orange Public Schools serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. As of the 2017–18 school year, the district, comprising 12 schools, had an enrollment of 6,748 students and 626.9 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.9:1.[123] Schools in the district (with 2017-18 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[124]) are Betty Maddalena Early Learning Center[125] (84 students; in PreK), Gregory Elementary School[126] (467 students; in grades K-5), Hazel Avenue Elementary School[127] (332; K-5), Kelly Elementary School[128] (447; PreK-5), Mount Pleasant Elementary School[129] (364; K-5), Redwood Elementary School[130] (533; K-5), St. Cloud Elementary School[131] (379; K-5), Washington Elementary School[132] (413; K-5), Thomas A. Edison Middle School[133] (582; 6), Liberty Middle School[134] (512; 7&8), Roosevelt Middle School[135] (535; 7&8) and West Orange High School[136] (2,095) for grades 9-12.[137][138]

Pleasantdale School was renamed Kelly School in May 2016 in honor of Mark and Scott Kelly, identical twins who attended the school starting in second grade before becoming NASA astronauts.[139]

Transportation
View east along I-280 in West Orange

Roads and highways

As of May 2010, the township had a total of 114.54 miles (184.33 km) of roadways, of which 89.63 miles (144.25 km) were maintained by the municipality, 19.45 miles (31.30 km) by Essex County and 5.46 miles (8.79 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.[140]

The Essex Freeway (Interstate 280) is the main limited access road that passes through from east to west. Route 10 passes through in the western area and has its western terminus at CR 577 (which runs north–south through the township). CR 508 also traverse the municipality from east to west.

Public transportation

NJ Transit offers bus service in the township to Newark on the 21, 29, 71, 73 and 79 routes, with local service on the 97 route.[141][142][143] In September 2012, as part of budget cuts, NJ Transit suspended service to Newark on the 75 line.[144]

DeCamp Bus Lines offers scheduled service between the township and the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan on the 66 route.[145] Coach USA / Community Coach serves the Port Authority Bus Terminal on route 77.[146] OurBus operates a commuter route to New York City serving Livingston and West Orange.[147]

The township offers a jitney service that operates on weekdays, offering service to the Brick Church, Orange and South Orange train stations.[148]

Mass media and telecommunications

For many decades West Orange has been a center the mass-media and telecommunication industries. Thomas Edison's Black Maria, the first movie studio ever, was located on Main Street and Lakeside Avenue. Several radio and television broadcast antennas are located in the town. From the late 1960s/early-1970s until the early 1990s UHF Channel 68 TV maintained their offices, studios and transmitter at 416 Eagle Rock Avenue. After Channel 68 moved to West Market Street in Newark and their transmitter to the Empire State Building in Manhattan, NBC owned and operated stations WNBC-TV Channel 4 and WPXN-TV Channel 31 (NBC later sold its interest in WPXN's parent Paxson Communications) moved into the Eagle Rock Avenue complex operating backup transmitter facilities in case of a catastrophic event such as the destruction of their main transmitters at the World Trade Center which occurred on September 11, 2001. The original Channel 68 building was later demolished and a new building was erected in its place. Two religious radio stations and one independent television station all owned by Family Stations, Inc. WFME (AM) on 1560 kHz and licensed to New York City, WFME-FM on 106.3mHz and licensed to Mount Kisco, New York and ethnic television station WNYJ-TV Channel 66 licensed to West Milford, New Jersey maintains their studios and offices on Mount Pleasant Avenue. WFME's former 94.7mHz frequency which was acquired by Cumulus Media in 2012 and renamed WNSH along with the former Upsala College radio station WFMU (now owned by Auricle Communications) have their transmitter towers on Marcella Avenue, WNSH's next to WFME/WNYJ and WFMU's in a fenced shack.

Verizon Communications, going as far back as the mid to late 1950s and early 1960s when it was New Jersey Bell, operated an analog central office and later fiber optics facilities on Prospect Avenue near the Essex Green Shopping Center and a fiber optics and satellite transmitter facility which was originally owned and operated by MCI Inc. until it was acquired by Verizon in 2006. Additionally Sprint Corporation, T-Mobile and Verizon Wireless all own or lease cell phone towers throughout the town.

  • In the HBO crime drama The Sopranos, West Orange is the location of Livia Soprano's retirement home, Green Grove.[149] The town was also used in various other episodes as the series was largely filmed on location in North Jersey.

Notable people

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with West Orange include:

gollark: I'm amazed, Fluctorissa, that you got what you wanted for such an oddly specific offer.
gollark: Hybrids.
gollark: They don't drop.
gollark: 0 arcanæ!
gollark: You'll be stuck paying back your NDebts for years!

References
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  152. Elliott, Walter. "Essex County Olympians: Then and Now", LocalTalkNews.com, August 23, 2012. Accessed October 25, 2015. "West Orange: Mike Austin (b. 1943) Swimming, 1 GLD, 1964 SO"
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  154. McFaul, Lauren. "Kool's gang freshens rock with funk", The Spokesman-Review, June 3, 1985. Accessed October 25, 2015. "Ronald Bell has a studio in his West Orange, N.J., home and from there has worked on production for Kool & the Gang's last six albums."
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  165. Beckerman, Jim. "Jazzman Bill Charlap takes over as Director of Jazz Studies at William Paterson", The Record, August 26, 2015. Accessed October 19, 2015. "'When you're playing solo piano, you're something like an orchestra,' says Charlap (pronounced 'Shar-lap'), a West Orange resident."
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  170. Young, Jim. "Strong Sendek Recruiting Class Adds N.J. Power Forward", Greensboro News & Record, September 24, 2004. Accessed November 5, 2007, "N.C. State landed its third commitment for the Class of 2005 when Brandon Costner, a 6-foot-8, 210-pound power forward from West Orange, N.J., picked the Wolfpack on Wednesday."
  171. Biography, Cicely Cottingham. Accessed June 28, 2018. "Cicely Cottingham currently lives and works in West Orange, New Jersey."
  172. Ross, Barbara. "'Naughty' Guys Are Arrested On Gun Charges", New York Daily News, June 14, 1997. Accessed January 29, 2011. "Two members of the Grammy-winning rap group Naughty by Nature were charged yesterday with carrying loaded and unlicensed 9-mm. pistols. Anthony (Treach) Criss, 26, and Vincent (Vinnie) Brown, 26, both of West Orange, N.J., were arraigned on felony charges of criminal possession of a weapon."
  173. Hepp, Mark. "A killer's final insult", The Star-Ledger, March 3, 2006. Accessed October 30, 2014. "'Yes, I can,' said Cullen, a slightly built, 46-year-old West Orange native who did not look at the judge or the 21 people who addressed him as he sat at the defense table in Somerset County's Historic Courthouse."
  174. Jailer, Mildred. "Preserving the Victorian Look", The New York Times, March 19, 1978. Accessed November 1, 2018. "Together with the Bloomfield Historical Society, the North Jersey group has purchased a tombstone for the previously unmarked grave of Alexander Jackson Davis, the noted Victorian who lived in Llewellyn Park in West Orange."
  175. John J. Degnan, New Jersey Attorney General. Accessed October 30, 2014. "John J. Degnan was born on October 6, 1944 in West Orange, New Jersey."
  176. Staff. "The Region; Frank Dodd in Race", The New York Times, February 4, 1981. Accessed October 30, 2014. "Senator Frank J. Dodd, Democrat of West Orange, became the fourth person to announce formally that he is seeking the Democratic nomination for governor."
  177. Joe Dooley - 2014-15 Men's Basketball Coaching Staff - Florida Gulf Coast University, Florida Gulf Coast Eagles men's basketball. Accessed June 28, 2018. "A native of West Orange, N.J., Dooley was an outstanding prep player at St. Benedicts High School in New Jersey where he set a then-school record with 1,140 career points."
  178. "The State of Jazz: Meet 40 More Jersey Greats", The Star-Ledger, September 28, 2003, backed up by the Internet Archive as of September 27, 2008. Accessed September 15, 2017. "Billy Drummond -- An exciting drummer who lives in West Orange with his wife, pianist Renee Rosnes, Drummond has performed and/or recorded with Rosnes, Sonny Rollins, Walt Weiskopf, Steve Kuhn, Carla Bley, Wallace Roney, the Drummonds and many others."
  179. "Webster and Miss Duenkel Gain Diving and Swimming Gold Medals for U.S.; Jersey Girl Sets 400-Meter Mark She Captures Free-Style in 4:43.3 -- Webster Rallies From 6th in High Diving", The New York Times, October 18, 1964. Accessed November 1, 2018. "Bob Webster, a 25-year-old diving perfectionist from Santa Ana, Calif., and Ginny Duenkel, a free-style swimmer from West Orange, N.J., won gold medals today for the United States."
  180. New Jersey Governor Charles Edison, National Governors Association. Accessed November 1, 2018. "Charles Edison, the fifty-eighth governor of New Jersey, was born in West Orange, New Jersey on August 3, 1890."
  181. Pace, Eric. "Theodore M. Edison; An Illustrious Father Guided Inventor, 94", The New York Times, November 26, 1992. Accessed May 23, 2012. "Theodore M. Edison, an inventor, environmentalist and philanthropist who was the last surviving child of the inventor Thomas Alva Edison, died on Tuesday at his home in West Orange. He was 94 years old."
  182. Thomas Edison National Historical Park, govnotes.com. Accessed November 5, 2007. "Half of Edison's astonishing 1,093 patents were earned during the 44 years he lived in West Orange."
  183. "Capt. Marion Eppley Dies, Founded Laboratory Here", Newport Daily News, November 22, 1960. Accessed June 3, 2018. "Captain Eppley was horn in West Orange, N. J., in 1883, a son of Francis Marion and Alice Oakes Eppley."
  184. "The Honorable Michael William Farrell Associate Judge District Of Columbia Court Of Appeals", District of Columbia Courts, backed up by the Internet Archive as of May 21, 2012. Accessed June 28, 2018. "Judge Michael William Farrell was appointed to the District of Columbia Court of Appeals in 1989 by President George H.W. Bush. Judge Farrell was born and raised in West Orange, New Jersey."
  185. "Eugenio Fernandi, 66, famed opera tenor", Echoes-Sentinel, August 15, 1991. Accessed October 25, 2015. "Born in Pisa, Italy, Mr. Fernandi lived in West Orange before moving to Millington four years ago."
  186. Knowles, Patrick. "Leo Fitzpatrick's Composed Cool", SOMA magazine, July 2006. Accessed October 25, 2015. "In fact, it would be safe to say that if he had not started cutting school to hang out in the skate spots of New York the 28-year-old might still be living in his small working-class hometown of West Orange, New Jersey."
  187. Henry, Marilyn. "Rabin makes condolence call on Flatow family", The Jerusalem Post, May 10, 1995. Accessed January 17, 2011.
  188. Johnson, Bonnie. "Boom or Bust, Wall Street Finds Designer Alan Flusser's Stock Is Secure", People (magazine), January 18, 1988. Accessed October 30, 2014. "As a teenager in West Orange, N.J., Flusser demonstrated his gift of garb early on."
  189. Galen, Rich. "Where Were You When...", Townhall.com. Accessed October 30, 2014. "Here's my story. I was a senior at West Orange Mountain High School in West Orange, New Jersey."
  190. Shabe, John. "GDP's new video is all over Essex County", NJ Advance Media, October 28, 2009. Accessed October 25, 2015. "The NJUnderground tipped me to this new video from West Orange's GDP. He's in Gainesville, Fla. tonight about two weeks into his tour, but this video, 'Orange Water', really hit home."
  191. Rose, Lisa. "New Jersey native Chris Gethard to star in 'Big Lake' on Comedy Central", The Star-Ledger, August 16, 2010. Accessed January 17, 2011.
  192. via Associated Press. "John J. Giblin", The New York Times, December 21, 1975. Accessed February 18, 2016.
  193. Bondy, Halley. "Whoopi Goldberg moving to West Orange", The Star-Ledger, October 5, 2009. Accessed January 17, 2011.
  194. Staff. "Maclyn S. Goldman", The New York Times, November 21, 1977. Accessed November 1, 2018. "Maclyn S. Goldman, a New Jersey State Senator from 1965 to 1967 and founder of the Goldman, Goldman, Caprio law firm of East Orange, N.J., died Friday in his home at 6 Spring Hill Drive in West Orange, N.J."
  195. Raymond E. Goldstein, Curriculum Vitae, University of Cambridge. Accessed May 28, 2016.
  196. Biography, Allan Gorman. Accessed October 21, 2015. "Allan Gorman currently maintains a studio practice in Kearny, NJ, and resides in West Orange, NJ."
  197. Acts of the General Assembly of the State of New-Jersey, p. 910. I. Collins, 1873. Accessed May 27, 2016. "An Act_to change the name of Thomas Frost Haskell: Be It Enacted by the Senate and General Assembly the State of New Jersey, That the name of Thomas Frost Haskell, of the township of West Orange, in the county of Essex, be and the same is hereby changed to Llewellyn Frost Haskell... Approved January 29, 1873."
  198. Lee, Eunice. "Hopping towns: former Orange mayor may run for W. Orange mayor in '14, says he's lifelong resident", The Star-Ledger, December 3, 2013. Accessed October 30, 2014. "Hawkins, 34, says he's a lifelong West Orange resident who lived in Orange for roughly seven years, including his four years as mayor."
  199. Giase, Frank. "Sky Blue FC selects Maya Hayes with their first round pick in NWSL Draft", The Star-Ledger, January 17, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2014. "Hayes, from West Orange, finished her Penn State career with 71 goals and 21 assists in 89 games (80 starts) and had 17 game-winning goals."
  200. McManus, Jane. "Will Hill suspended 6 games", ESPN New York, May 30, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2014. "The Giants signed Hill, a native of West Orange, New Jersey, in 2012 as a free agent."
  201. Berman, Zach. "NBA Draft 2011: Kyrie Irving taken as No. 1 pick by Cleveland Cavaliers", The Star-Ledger, June 23, 2011. Accessed August 6, 2011. "Kyrie Irving, a St. Patrick alum and West Orange native, became the No. 1 pick in this year's NBA Draft when the Cleveland Cavaliers made him their franchise player."
  202. Feeney, Michael J. "Saddle River home is base for Ja Rule's new MTV reality series", The Record, November 7, 2015. Accessed November 8, 2016. "Atkins and his wife met as teenagers growing up in Hollis, Queens, and have been together ever since. As his career took off, they moved to West Orange, and then married in 2001 and moved to Saddle River."
  203. Roche, Megan. "Former Radio City Rockette Still Shares Joy of Dance", p,. 53, Mt. Olive Life, December 2019. Accessed July 13, 2020. "Jennifer Jones, a Rockette that began her journey in 187, hails from Randolph. A proud graduate of Randolph High School and County College of Morris, Jones also holds a special place in the history books as she was the first African American Rockette ever cast.... As for her life today, she currently resides in West Orange."
  204. via Associated Press. "Space flight by Giffords's husband in doubt", CBC News, January 10, 2011. Accessed January 17, 2011.
  205. Gus Keriazakos, Society for American Baseball Research.accessed June 28, 2018.
  206. "Major Army Command Says Farewell to Four-Star Commander" Archived November 29, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, United States Army Materiel Command press release. Accessed November 19, 2007. "Kern was raised in West Orange, NJ and graduated from West Orange High School."
  207. La Gorce, Tammy. "New Jersey's Magic Moments", The New York Times, October 30, 2005. Accessed November 1, 2018. "Take Goffin and King's Pleasant Valley Sunday. Nudged by Mr. Kirshner, who lived in South Orange in the early 1960s, Mr. Emerson began: 'Jerry Goffin and Carole King, at that time a married couple, moved from Brooklyn to West Orange. They lived kind of uncomfortably in this suburban setting, with swimming pools in the backyard and barbecues. They were rock 'n' roll songwriters, after all. They also lived very near Pleasant Valley Way.'"
  208. La Gorce, Tammy. "Music; No Longer the Best Soul Singer Nobody Knows", The New York Times, February 19, 2006. Accessed November 1, 2018. "After trying to find joy everywhere from Memphis to New York City, Ms. LaVette, a ragged-voiced veteran soul singer, fades out with the pronouncement: 'So I went to West Orange.'"
  209. Love, Rhoda M. "Georgia Mason: Eleven Summers Alone in the Wallowas", Native Plant Society of Oregon. Accessed October 30, 2014. "Mason, whose birth name was Georgia Mavropoulos, was born in West Orange, New Jersey, on March 16, 1910, the middle of three daughters of Greek immigrants Peter and Bessie Mavropoulos."
  210. Staff. "Nick Massi, Original Member of Four Seasons Pop Group", Los Angeles Times, December 30, 2000. Accessed October 30, 2014. "Nick Massi, 73, an original member of the vocal group the Four Seasons who handled bass vocals and vocal arrangements throughout the band's glory days. The longtime resident of West Orange, N.J., performed with several bands before joining Frankie Valli in a group called the Four Lovers."
  211. Joshua Maurer, Tour of Duty Pages. Accessed November 30, 2016. "Born in New Jersey, he attended West Orange High School and Sarah Lawrence College, where he obtained a B.A. degree in political science and appeared in many student stage productions."
  212. Staff. "McClellan House to Go In West Orange, N.J.", The Christian Science Monitor, January 6, 1938. Accessed January 17, 2011.
  213. John F. McKeon, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed October 30, 2014.
  214. via Associated Press. "Joseph G. Minish, Ex-New Jersey Congressman, Dies at 91", The New York Times, November 26, 2007. Accessed November 26, 2007. "Mr. Minish, a longtime West Orange resident, died at St. Barnabas Medical Center in Livingston, N.J., said Michael Brown of the Quinn-Hopping Funeral Home in Livingston."
  215. Ken Murray, Just Sports Stats. Accessed June 28, 2018.
  216. DeVorkin, David. "Oral Histories: Gordon Newkirk", American Institute of Physics, June 1, 1983. Accessed November 4, 2015. "DeVorkin: Dr. Newkirk, I know you were born in Orange, New Jersey on the 12th of June, 1928. But I know nothing else about your family, your early home life. Could you give me a review? Newkirk: Until I went to college, I lived in West Orange."
  217. Charles W. Nichols and Adelaide B. Nichols v. Commissioner., Leagle. Accessed October 30, 2014. "During the years 1955 and 1956, petitioner's home was in West Orange, New Jersey. It had about 16 rooms, a recreation room, and a swimming pool."
  218. Herzog, Laura. "Broadway baby: 'Hamilton' star returns to N.J. alma mater", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, May 2, 2016. Accessed June 13, 2016. "Onaodowan grew up in West Orange with his parents and five sisters, and attended Gregory Elementary School, Roosevelt Middle School, and West Orange High School, graduating in 2005, school officials said."
  219. Bumiller, Elisabeth. "Israeli Diplomat Is Man in Middle", The New York Times, September 17, 2012. Accessed November 19, 2012. "Raised in a conservative Jewish family in West Orange, N.J., Mr. Oren worked on a kibbutz at 15, was educated at Princeton and Columbia, immigrated to Israel and spent multiple tours in the Israeli Army, including a job as spokesman during an infamous low point for the military, its poor performance in the 2006 war in Lebanon."
  220. Staff. "Frederick P. Ott, Edison Aide, Dies; Became Associated With the Inventor in 1874, Working in Small Newark Plant, Assisted In Film Work Collaborated in Development of Motion Pictures, Electric Light and Phonograph", The New York Times, October 25, 1936. Accessed June 28, 2018. "West Orange, N. J,. Oct. 24. - Frederick P. Ott, for many years an associate of Thomas A. Edison and who worked with the late inventor in the development of the electric light, the phonograph and motion pictures, died at his home here today."
  221. Staff. "Q&A Spotlight: Robert Zane Pearlman" Archived July 18, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, Explorer: Newsletter of the American Astronautical Society History Committee, Issue 10, March 2010, p. 16. Accessed February 24, 2011. "Hometown: West Orange, New Jersey"
  222. via Associated Press. "HBO's 'Boardwalk Empire:' A Dramatic Getaway - New Series Brings Prohibition-Era Atlantic City, N.J., to Life with Historical Accuracy, Lavish Detail", CBS News, September 19, 2010. Accessed October 25, 2015. "Inevitably noted for his baby face, arresting blue eyes and pouty, pillowy lips, the 29-year-old West Orange, N.J., native seized on acting because, 'I liked the attention. And it kind of evolved into a craft, a skill, which was a positive thing in my life. Then I came to New York. I never really left.'"
  223. Knox, Erin. [sports.nyhistory.org/ann-probert/ Ann Probert], New-York Historical Society. Accessed June 28, 2018. "(Golf. Born, West Orange, NJ, Dec. 31, 1938.) Ann Linen Probert grew up around the game of golf, as she lived just a short distance from the 18th hole of the Rock Springs Country Club in West Orange."
  224. Staff. "Paul C. Reilly, 94, Architect and a Catholic Lay Leader", The New York Times, September 13, 1984. Accessed October 30, 2014. "Mr. Reilly, a native of New York City who later moved to West Orange, N. J., graduated from Columbia University and, early in his career, was chief designer for the former New York City architectural firm of Thomas W. Lamb."
  225. Conrad, Eileen. "John Renna: He got where he is the hard way", Asbury Park Press, April 25, 1982. Accessed June 28, 2018. "By virtue of the appointment, the 61-year-old West Orange resident, a longtime political friend of Gov. Thomas H. Kean, is chairman of the HFA, the Mortgage Finance Finance Agency, the Hackensack Meadowlands Development Commission and the Office of the Ombudsman for the Institutionalized Elderly."
  226. Bodley, Hal. "N.Y. Yankees Hall of Famer Phil Rizzuto dies at 89", USA Today, August 15, 2007. Accessed July 3, 2008. "Rizzuto, who would have been 90 in September, died Tuesday from pneumonia after living his last several years in declining health at a West Orange, N.J., nursing home."
  227. Fagan, Joseph. "Romance Blossoms for Future President and First Lady in West Orange", TAP into West Orange, June 30, 2013. Accessed June 28, 2018. "Douglas Robinson Sr. and his wife Fanny Monroe Robinson came to West Orange about 1872, becoming a neighbor to General George McClellan along the ridge adjacent to Prospect Avenue.... But by 1894, Corinne Roosevelt Robinson so loved the country setting of Overlook that she persuaded Douglas to make the West Orange estate their principal residence. The Robinsons and their four children then moved to West Orange and lived here year round from 1894 to 1911."
  228. Kaufman, Michael T. "Peter W. Rodino Dies at 96; Led House Inquiry on Nixon", The New York Times, May 8, 2005. Accessed November 25, 2007. "Peter W. Rodino Jr., an obscure congressman from the streets of Newark who impressed the nation by the dignity, fairness and firmness he showed as chairman of the impeachment hearings that induced Richard M. Nixon to resign as president, died yesterday at his home in West Orange, N.J.. He was 95."
  229. Holson, Laura M. "The Media Business; Recording Industry Lobbyist Plans to Leave Her Position", The New York Times, January 23, 2003. Accessed November 6, 2012. "Even as a young woman growing up in West Orange, N.J., Ms. Rosen, 44, the daughter of the town's first city councilwoman, showed a taste for power-brokering."
  230. Staff. "N.J. Statehouse to honor Sherry Ross", New Jersey Devils, March 22, 2010. Accessed April 11, 2011. "The resident of West Orange, NJ has covered the Stanley Cup Finals on 15 occasions, while attending the Kentucky Derby six times."
  231. Skelly, Richard. "Jumpin’ Johnny Sansone bringing the blues to Red Bank", Asbury Park Press, June 30, 2017. Accessed November 21, 2017. "Harmonica player-vocalist-accordionist "Jumpin' " Johnny Sansone, a West Orange native, will be accompanied by guitarist John Fohl, who rose to prominence as an excellent ensemble lead guitarist with Dr. John's Lower 911 small group."
  232. Duke, Katherine. "The Beauty of Coding", Amherst Magazine, Spring 2014. Accessed June 28, 2018. "Lyndsey Scott '06 has graced the runway for Victoria's Secret, Louis Vuitton and Fendi.... She wrote of her years as a skinny, bespectacled teen in West Orange, N.J., bullied by classmates, and of her later physical and professional development into a fashion model—a role that has undeniable perks, but in which 'many people are shocked to find out that I'm anything other than an airhead,' she wrote—'that I was a comp. sci. major and that I program iOS apps, for example.'"
  233. Senate Action, New Jersey Legislative Digest, June 22, 2000. Accessed November 21, 2017. "To Be A Member Of The New Jersey Historical Commission:... Carol Selman, of West Orange."
  234. Mueller, Mark. "Rutgers' oldest alumnus Walter Seward dies at 111", The Star-Ledger, September 15, 2008. Accessed January 29, 2011. "Long celebrated as the oldest Rutgers alumnus, the West Orange resident also was believed to be the most long-lived New Jerseyan and the third-oldest man in the United States, according to the Gerontology Research Group, a California organization that tracks the world's most venerable people."
  235. Wilson, Judy. "Crown Heights riot — fact, fiction, and plenty of blame" Archived July 12, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Jewish News, June 8, 2006. Accessed June 20, 2018. "Edward S. Shapiro is too skilled a historian to believe that there is one truth, but he is committed to exploring the varying narratives, examining the language of each, and skewering the biases in Crown Heights: Blacks, Jews, and the 1991 Brooklyn Riot (University Press of New England), the first and only book on the first and only anti-Jewish riot in American history.... Although he has lived in West Orange since 1969, where he and his wife, Daryl, belong to Congregation Ohr Torah and Congregation Ahawas Achim B'nai Jacob and David, cities fascinate him."
  236. Ginsberg, Johanna. "Local scholar organizes conference on history of Modern Orthodoxy" Archived September 16, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Jewish News, June 1, 2006. Accessed June 28, 2018. "A West Orange scholar is the co-organizer of the first-ever conference in America on the history of Modern Orthodoxy, to be held June 13–15 in Scranton, Pa. Marc B. Shapiro, who holds the Harry and Jeanette Weinberg Chair in Jewish Studies at the University of Scranton, said the conference will take a historical view of the movement in order to explore its meaning for today."
  237. Wakin, Daniel J. "Alfredo Silipigni, 74, Who Founded an Opera Company, Dies", The New York Times, March 29, 2006. Accessed June 2, 2008. "Alfredo Silipigni, a conductor and specialist in lesser-known Italian operas who founded the New Jersey State Opera and ran it for four decades, died on Saturday in Livingston, N.J. He was 74 and lived in West Orange, N.J."
  238. Dr. Eve Elizabeth Slater, National Institutes of Health. Accessed October 29, 2016. "Eve Slater was born in 1945 in West Orange, New Jersey."
  239. The 50 Greatest New Jersey Sports Figures, Sports Illustrated, December 27, 1999.
  240. via Associated Press. "Andy Stern of the SEIU, longtime powerful labor boss, to retire", The Star-Ledger, April 13, 2010. Accessed January 29, 2011. "Andrew Stern, president of the Service Employees International Union and a West Orange native, answers questions during an interview at his office in Washington on Thursday, Feb. 9, 2006."
  241. Ackermann, Peggy. "A political fight provides N.J. Supreme Court with apolitical legal mind", The Star-Ledger, October 24, 2010. Accessed July 9, 2016. "Residence: Raised in South Orange; lived in West Orange; currently lives in Monroe, Middlesex County"
  242. About Mark, MarkTrainor.com. Accessed January 17, 2011.
  243. Oster, Marcy. "Journalist Dadid Twersky dies", Jewish Telegraphic Agency, July 18, 2010. Accessed July 26, 2019. "David Twersky, a veteran journalist and former kibbutznik, has died. Twersky died last Friday night at his home in West Orange, N.J., following a long battle with cancer."
  244. Lappin, Joan. 'Jury Finds Madoff Really Didn't Do It Alone", Forbes, March 27, 2014. Accessed October 25, 2015. "He was really Albert Vilar, not Alberto, from West Orange, New Jersey although he was born to Cuban parents."
  245. Staff. "New Jersey Briefs", The New York Times, February 8, 1973. Accessed March 27, 2018. "The New Jersey chapter of the American Civil Liberties Union announced yesterday that it would ask the United States Supreme Court to stay an election of the West Orange Board of Education until the name of a 16-year-old high school sophomore was included on the ballot. The A.C.L.U. said it was asking the Court to stay the election, scheduled for next Tuesday, until Stephen Vittoria was allowed to run for a place on the board."
  246. Barnes, Mike. "Actress Evelyn Ward Dies at 89", The Hollywood Reporter, January 11, 2013. Accessed May 28, 2016. "The glamorous, dark-haired Ward, a native of West Orange, N.J., began her career as a Roxyette at New York's famed Roxy Theatre in the early 1940s, then headed for Broadway."
  247. Schmander, Sherie Fox. "Charlotte Fowler Wells" in Past and Promise: Lives of New Jersey Women, p. 207. Accessed June 28, 2018. "When it was incorporated in 1894, she became president of the new Fowler and Wells Company and from that period to her death she lived in West Orange, NJ."
  248. Jordan, Chris. "Hip-hop phenomenon 'mixtapes' go mainstream", The Tennessean, March 8, 2005. Accessed November 5, 2007. "Whoo Kid, who hails from West Orange, N.J., has certainly diversified. The Queens-raised kid of Haitian parents starting spinning at 16; now, he performs around the world with 50 Cent and on his own."
  249. Fizgerald's Legislative Manual, State of New Jersey, Volume 194, Part 2; Volume 195, Parts 1-2, p. 394. J. A. Fitzegerald, 1971. Accessed June 3, 2018. "Kenneth T. Wilson (Rep., West Orange) Assemblyman Wilson, the son of Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth H. Wilson, was born in Newark, on March 20, 1936, the eldest of two sons. He attended the West Orange public schools and graduated in 1954 from West Orange High School."
  250. Midler, Caryn. "Scott Wolf Reveals His Secret Nickname", People (magazine), October 25, 2006. Accessed January 17, 2011.
  251. Edel, Raymond A. "Mini-Bio for Kids: Ian Ziering", The Record, December 20, 1992. Accessed September 29, 2007. "Ian, a native of West Orange, is a graduate of William Paterson College in Wayne."
  252. Staff. "Jury To Get Tax Case; Judge Holds Jersey Panel Must Pass on Zwillman Charges", The New York Times, February 28, 1956. Accessed May 23, 2012. "Federal Judge Reynier J. Wortendyke Jr. ruled today that income tax charges against Abner (Longie) Zwillman of 50 Beverly Road, West Orange, must be submitted to the jury."
  253. Sullivan, Joseph F. "Jersey Man in Abscam Case Is Experienced With Inquiries; Conspiracy Charges Dismissed Two Other Directors From Jersey Started as Tire Salesman Need for Advice Questioned Bid-Rigging Indictment Message Termed Death Threat", The New York Times, March 9, 1980. Accessed November 1, 2018. "Mr. Zwillman, who later was found hanged in his West Orange home, also testified about his relationship with Mr. Bozzo."
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