Volhynian Governorate

Volhynian Governorate (Russian: Волынская губерния, Volýnskaja gubérnija, Ukrainian: Волинська губернія, Volýnsʹka hubérnija) was an administrative-territorial unit initially of the Russian Empire, created at the end of 1796 after the Third Partition of Poland from the territory of the short-lived Volhynian Vice-royalty and Wołyń Voivodeship.

Volhynian Governorate
Волынская губерния
Governorate of Russian Empire
Ukrainian People's Republic
1797–1925[1]
Coat of arms

CapitalNovograd-Volynsky
Zhytomyr (officially since 1804)
Area 
• 1897
42.000 km2 (16.216 sq mi)
Population 
• 1897
2,989,482
History 
• Transformed into Volhynian Governorate
1797
1921
• abolished (Okruhas of Ukraine)
3 June 1925[1]
Political subdivisionsGovernorates of Russian Empire
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Volhynian Vice-royalty
Sedlets Governorate
Grodno Governorate
Kholm Governorate (Ukraine)
Wołyń Voivodeship (1921–1939)
Zhytomyr Okruha
Korosten Okruha
Shepetivka Okruha

After the Peace of Riga, part of the governorate became the new Wołyń Voivodeship in the Second Polish Republic,[2] while the other part stayed as a part of the Ukrainian SSR until 1925 when it was abolished on resolution of the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee and Counsel of People's Commissars.[1]

History
Three partitions of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Until 1796 the guberniya was administrated as a namestnichestvo (Vice-royalty). It was initially centered in Iziaslav and was called the Izyaslav namesnichestvo. It was created mostly out of the Kiev Voivodeship and the east part of the Wolyn Voivodeship.

On 24 October 1795 the Third Partition of Poland happened.

On 12 December 1796 the Volhynian Governorate (guberniya) was created and included the rest of the Wolyn Voivodeship and Kowel Voivodeship.

In 1796 the administration moved to Novograd-Volynsky, but because no buildings were found suited for administrative purposes the seat (capital) was moved again to Zhytomyr.

In 1802 Zhytomyr was finally bought out of the properties of Prince (knyaz) Ilyinsky and in 1804 it became officially the seat of the Volyn Governorate.

From 1832 to 1915 the Volhynian Governorate and the Kiev Governorate and the Podolie Governorate were part of the Southwestern Krai General-Governorate, a type of militarized administrative-territorial unit.

In the 1880s the general-governorate was extended and included also other governorates.

In 1897 the population of the gubernia was 2,989,482 and in 1905 – 3,920,400. The majority of the population of the governorate spoke in old Ukrainian language with slight variety of dialects.

During the Ukrainian–Soviet War Zhytomir served as the provisional capital of Ukraine in 1918.

After the Polish-Soviet war in 1920 and according to the Peace of Riga (1921) most of the territory became part of the Second Polish Republic and transformed into Wołyń Voivodeship with the capital in Łuck (Lutsk). The eastern portion existed to 1925 and later split into three okruhas Shepetivka Okruha, Zhytomyr Okruha, and Korosten Okruha.

Heads of Guberniya
Revkom
  • 1919 Mikhail Kruchinskiy (concurrently the head of Volyn Cheka)
Volyn Executive Committee
  • 1920 Oleksandr Shumsky
  • 1920 Vasiliy Averin
  • – 1921 Danylevych
  • 1921–1922 Ivan Nikolayenko

Head of Security Services
Cheka
  • 1919 Vasyl Viliavko
  • 1919 M.Shuf
  • 1919 Mikhail Kruchinskiy
  • November 1919 – December 1919 Vsevolod Balytsky
  • December 1919 Vasyl Levotsky (acting)
  • – 2 November 1921 Semen Kesselman (Zapadny)
  • January 1922 – 2 June 1922 Janis Biksons
GPU
  • -1923 Pavel Ivonin
  • March 1923 – October 1923 Foma Leoniuk
  • 1 July 1923 – 1 September 1924 Symon Dukelsky
  • 1924 – 1925 Aleksandr Safes (Grozny)

Principal cities

Russian Census of 1897

  • Zhytomir – 65 895 (Jewish – 30 572, Russian – 16 944, Ukrainian – 9 152)
  • Rovno – 24 573 (Jewish – 13 704, Russian – 4 278, Ukrainian – 4 071)
  • Kremenets – 17 704 (Ukrainian – 8 322, Jewish – 6 476, Russian – 1 863)
  • Kovel – 17 697 (Jewish – 8 502, Russian – 4 828, Ukrainian – 2 093)
  • Novograd-Volynsky – 16 904 (Jewish – 9 363, Russian – 2 939, Ukrainian – 2 662)
  • Starokonstantinov – 16 377 (Jewish – 9 164, Ukrainian – 4 886, Russian – 1 402)
  • Lutsk – 15 804 (Jewish – 9 396, Russian – 2 830, Ukrainian – 1 478)
  • Ostrog – 14 749 (Jewish – 9 185, Ukrainian – 2 446, Russian – 2 199)
  • Dubno – 14 257 (Jewish – 7 096, Russian – 2 962, Ukrainian – 2 474)
  • Zaslavl – 12 611 (Jewish – 5 991, Ukrainian – 3 990, Russian – 1 722)

Administrative division
No. Counties (Uyezd) Area
sq. versts		 Population
(1897)		 No. of volosts Date of
creation
1 Vladimir-Volynsky Uyezd 5 695.8 277,265 23 1795
2 Dubensky Uyezd 3 483.0 195,058 13 1795
3 Zhitomirsky Uyezd 6 740.0 433,859 20 1804
4 Zaslavsky Uyezd 3 055.0 208,742 16 1795
5 Kovelsky Uyezd 6 728.0 211,493 18 1795
6 Kremenetsky Uyezd 3 041.0 219,934 16 1795
7 Lutsky Uyezd 6 626.0 252,550 16 1795
8 Novograd-Volynsky Uyezd 6 331.0 348,950 20 1804
9 Ovruchsky Uyezd 9 329.0 205,390 16 1795
10 Ostrozhsky Uyezd 2 694.0 169,351 14 1795
11 Rovensky Uyezd 7 529.0 273,001 17 1795
12 Starokonstantinovsky Uyezd 2 249.8 193,889 13 1796

Language
Imperial census of 1897.
  • By the Imperial census of 1897.[3] In bold are languages spoken by more people than the state language.
Language Number percentage (%) males females
Ukrainian 2,095,537 70.10 1049032 1046505
Yiddish 394,774 13.21 191608 203166
Polish 184,161 6.16 90701 93460
German 171,331 5.73 84949 86382
Russian 104,889 3.51 63862 41027
Czech[4] 27 670 0.93 13855 13815
Tatar 3 817 0.13 3703 114
Belorussian 3 794 0.13 2143 1651
Other[5] 3 412 0.11 2 889 523
Persons,
that did not identified
their native language		 97 >0.01 61 36

Religion
  • By the Imperial census of 1897.[6] In bold are religions with more members than the Eastern Orthodox.
Religion Number percentage (%) males females
Eastern Orthodox 2,106,521 70.46
Judaism 395,782 13.24
Roman Catholics 298,110 9.97
Lutherans 163,990 5.49
Baptists 10 375 0.35
Other[7] (Old Believers, Magometians) 14 704 0.49
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References
  1. Vermenych, Ya Volhynian Governorate (Волинська губернія). Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine.
  2. Eberhardt, Piotr; Jan Owsinski (2003). Ethnic Groups and Population Changes in Twentieth-Century Central-Eastern Europe: History, Data, Analysis. M.E. Sharpe. p. 260. ISBN 0-7656-0665-8.
  3. Language Statistics of 1897 (in Russian)
  4. including Slovakian language
  5. Languages, number of speakers which in all gubernia were less than 1000
  6. Religion Statistics of 1897 (in Russian)
  7. Religions, number of believers which in all gubernia were less than 10000

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