Semirechye Oblast

The Semirechye Oblast (Russian: Семиреченская область, literally "Seven-Rivers-land") was an oblast (province) of the Russian Empire. It corresponded approximately to most of present-day southeastern Kazakhstan and northeastern Kyrgyzstan. It was created out of the territories of the northern part of Khanate of Kokand that had been part of Kazakh Khanate. Its site of government was Verniy (now named Almaty).

Semirechye Oblast
Семиреченская область
Semirechyenskaya oblast'
Oblast of Russia
1854–1924
Coat of arms

CapitalVerniy
History 
• Established
1854
• Disestablished
1924
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Qing Dynasty
Khanate of Kokand
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Turkestan ASSR
Today part of Kazakhstan
 Kyrgyzstan
Coat of arms of Pishpek

The Russian government seized the region (also known as Zhetysu) in 1854,[1] and created the province the same year. It was administered as part of Governor-Generalship of the Steppes (before 1882 it was known as the Governor-Generalship of the Western Siberia) between 1854 and 1867 and again between 1882 and 1899, and part of Russian Turkistan between 1867 and 1882 and again between 1899 and 1917. Russian control of the region was recognized by the Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881) between Russia and China

On April 30, 1918 the region became part of the Turkestan ASSR. On October 27, 1924 as a result of the national-territorial reorganisation of Soviet Central Asia, the northern part of the region became part of the Kirgiz ASSR (already created in 1920 and renamed the Kazakh ASSR in 1925 and then established as the union-level Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic), while the southern part became the Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast (eventually the Kirghiz ASSR and SR) within the RSFSR .

Administrative division

As of 1897, the Semirechye Oblast was divided into 6 uyezds:

Uyezd Uyezd city (pop.) Area,
sq versta		 Population[2]
Verniy Verniy (22,744) 58330 223,883
Dzharkent Dzharkent (16,094) 5160 122,636
Kopal Kopal (6,183) 69100 136,421
Lepsinsk Lepsinsk (3,230) 87080 180,829
Pishpek Pishpek (6,615) 80480 176,577
Przhevalsk Przhevalsk (8,108) 47760 147,517

Demographics

As of 1897, 987,863 people populated the oblast. Kazakhs and Kyrghyz (united as Kirgiz in estimation) constituted the majority of the population. Significant minorities consisted of Russians and Taranchi. Total Turkic speaking were 878,209 (88,9%).

Ethnic groups in 1897
TOTAL 987,863 100%
Kazakhs 794,815 80,5%
Russians 76,839 7,8%
Taranchi 55,999 6,2%
Sart 14,895 1,5%
Chinese 14.130 1,4%

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See also

References
  1. Historical Atlas of the 19th Century World, 1783-1914. Barnes & Noble Books. 1998. p. 5.19. ISBN 978-0-7607-3203-8.
  2. demoscope.ru 1897 census results.
  3. demoscope.ru 1897 census results, languages

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