Triconodontidae

Triconodontidae is an extinct family of actively mobile mammal, endemic to what would be North America, Europe, Africa and probably also South America and Asia[1][2] during the Jurassic through Cretaceous periods at least from 190–70.6 mya.[3] They are distinguished from amphilestids and gobiconodontids due to their occlusion patterns: instead of interlocking molars, triconodontids fit their teeth more directly, with lower cusp "a" occluding anteriorly to upper cusp "A", between "A" and "B".[3]

Triconodontidae
Temporal range: Middle Jurassic - Late Cretaceous, 190–70 Ma
Triconodon mordax jaw, Richard Owen 1861
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: †Eutriconodonta
Family: †Triconodontidae
Marsh, 1887
Type species
†Triconodon mordax
Owen, 1859
Genera

Taxonomy

Triconodontidae was named by Marsh (1887). It was assigned to Polyprotodontia by Cope (1889); to Triconodonta by Rasmussen and Callison (1981), Bonaparte (1986), Carroll (1988) and Engelmann and Callison (1998); and to Mammalia by Marsh (1887) and Luo et al. (2001).[4]

Family †Triconodontidae[5] Marsh 1887

Figure below is based on Martin et al. 2015.[6]

  • †Victoriaconodon Montellano et al., 2008
    • †Victoriaconodon inaequalis Montellano et al., 2008
  • †Priacodon Marsh, 1887
    • †P. fruitaensis Rasmussen & Callison, 1981
    • †P. robustus (Marsh 1879) [Tinodon robustus]
    • †P. ferox (Marsh, 1880) [Tinodon ferox]
    • †P. grandaevus Simpson, 1925 [Tinodon grandaevus]
    • †P. lulli Simpson, 1925 [Tinodon lulli]
  • †Triconodon Owen, 1859
    • †Triconodon mordax Owen, 1859 [Triacanthodon Owen, 1871]
  • †Trioracodon Simpson, 1928 non Owen, 1871
    • †T. ferox (Owen, 1871)
    • †T. major (Owen, 1871)
    • †T. bisulcus (Marsh, 1880) [Triconodon bisulcus Marsh, 1880]
    • †T. oweni Simpson, 1928
  • †Meiconodon Kusuhashi et al., 2009
    • †M. lii Kusuhashi et al., 2009
    • †M. setoguchii Kusuhashi et al., 2009
  • †Arundelconodon Cifelli et al., 1999
    • †Arundelconodon hottoni Cifelli et al., 1999
  • †Astroconodon Patterson, 1951
    • †A. denisoni Patterson, 1951
    • †A. delicatus Cifelli & Madsen, 1998
  • †Alticonodon Fox, 1969
    • †Alticonodon lindoei Fox, 1969
  • †Corviconodon Cifelli, Wible & Jenkins, 1998
    • †C. utahensis Cifelli & Madsen, 1998
    • †C. montanensis Cifelli, Wible & Jenkins, 1998
  • Eotriconodon Sigogneau-Russel, 2016
    • Eotriconodon sophron Sigogneau-Russell, 2016

Sometimes Volaticotheria is recovered as a part of this group.[7] However, most recent phylogenetic studies seem to group it outside of Triconodontidae.[6][8]

Phylogeny

Cladogram after Thomas Martin et al. 2015[6]

 

Trioracodon

 
 
 

Triconodon

 
 
 

Priacodon

 
 
 

Arundelconodon

 
 
 

Meiconodon

 
 
 

Astroconodon

 
 
 

Alticonodon

 
 

Corviconodon

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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References
  1. Leandro C. Gaetano and Guillermo W. Rougier (2011). "New materials of Argentoconodon fariasorum (Mammaliaformes, Triconodontidae) from the Jurassic of Argentina and its bearing on triconodont phylogeny". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (4): 829–843. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.589877.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  2. Leandro C. Gaetano and Guillermo W. Rougier (2012). "First Amphilestid from South America: A Molariform from the Jurassic Cañadón Asfalto Formation, Patagonia, Argentina". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 19 (4): 235–248. doi:10.1007/s10914-012-9194-1.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  3. Percy M. Butler; Denise Sigogneau-Russell (2016). "Diversity of triconodonts in the Middle Jurassic of Great Britain" (PDF). Palaeontologia Polonica 67: 35–65. doi:10.4202/pp.2016.67_035.
  4. Luo Z, Crompton AW, Sun A (2001). "A new mammaliaform from the Early Jurassic and evolution of mammalian characteristics". Science. 292 (5521): 1535–1540. doi:10.1126/science.1058476. PMID 11375489.
  5. Paleofile.com (net, info) . "Taxonomic lists- Mammals". Retrieved 30 December 2015.
  6. Thomas Martin, Jesús Marugán-Lobón, Romain Vullo, Hugo Martín-Abad, Zhe-Xi Luo & Angela D. Buscalioni (2015). A Cretaceous eutriconodont and integument evolution in early mammals. Nature 526, 380–384. doi:10.1038/nature14905
  7. Gaetano, Leandro C.; Rougier, Guillermo W. (2011). "New materials of Argentoconodon fariasorum (Mammaliaformes, Triconodontidae) from the Jurassic of Argentina and its bearing on triconodont phylogeny". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 (4): 829–843. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.589877.
  8. A. O. Averianov and A. V. Lopatin. 2011. Phylogeny of Triconodonts and Symmetrodonts and the Origin of Extant Mammals. Doklady Biological Sciences 436:32-35 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
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