Thruston Ballard Morton

Thruston Ballard Morton (August 19, 1907 – August 14, 1982), was an American politician. A Republican, Morton represented Kentucky in the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate.

Thruston Morton
Chair of the Republican National Committee
In office July 1, 1959 – June 2, 1961
Preceded by	Meade Alcorn
Succeeded by	William E. Miller
United States senator from Kentucky
In office January 3, 1957 – December 16, 1968
Preceded by	Earle Clements
Succeeded by	Marlow Cook
4th Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative Affairs
In office January 30, 1953 – February 29, 1956
President	Dwight D. Eisenhower
Preceded by	Jack K. McFall
Succeeded by	Robert C. Hill
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Kentucky's 3rd district
In office January 3, 1947 – January 3, 1953
Preceded by	Emmet O'Neal
Succeeded by	John Robsion
Personal details
Born	(1907-08-19)August 19, 1907 Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.
Died	August 14, 1982(1982-08-14) (aged 74) Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.
Political party	Republican
Education	Yale University (BA)
Military service
Allegiance	United States
Branch/service	United States Navy
Unit	United States Naval Reserve
Battles/wars	World War II

Early life

Morton was born on August 19, 1907, in Louisville, Kentucky, to David Morton and his wife, Mary Ballard, descended from pioneer settlers of the area. He had a brother, Rogers Clark Ballard Morton, who also became a politician, and a sister, Jane, who survived him. He attended local public schools and the Woodberry Forest School, before he entered Yale University. He received a B.A. there in 1929.

Morton then worked in the family business, Ballard & Ballard Flour Milling, becoming its chairman of the board before the company was sold to the Pillsbury Company.

A lifelong Episcopalian, he married Belle Clay Lyons and was survived by their two sons, Clay Lyons Morton and Thruston Ballard Morton, Jr., and five grandchildren.

His brother, Rogers Clark Ballard Morton, represented Maryland in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1963 through 1971. The Morton brothers served together in the U.S. Congress from 1963 to 1968, with Thruston as a U.S. Senator representing Kentucky and Rogers as a U.S. Representative representing Maryland. Both brothers also served as chair of the Republican National Committee.

Rogers Morton subsequently became U.S. Secretary of the Interior in the administration of Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, and then became U.S. Secretary of Commerce under Ford, before chairing Ford's re-election campaign in 1976.

Political career

U.S. House of Representatives

After naval service in World War II, Morton defeated the Democratic incumbent, Rep. Emmet O'Neal, in the 1946 election in his native Louisville area (Kentucky's 3rd congressional district), 61,899 votes to 44,599 votes. Having been re-elected in 1948 and 1950, Morton served three terms in the House, from January 3, 1947 to January 3, 1953.

U.S. Assistant Secretary of State

Morton did not seek re-election in 1952. After leaving the House, Morton was appointed as U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for Congressional Relations[1] in the administration of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, garnering legislators' support for Eisenhower's foreign policy.

U.S. Senate

In 1956, Morton, by a very narrow margin, defeated the Democratic incumbent, Sen. Earle Clements from Kentucky, a former governor of Kentucky and then-minority whip in the U.S. Senate, by 506,903 votes to 499,922. Morton was re-elected to a second term in the U.S. Senate in 1962, defeating the Democratic lieutenant governor and former mayor of Louisville, Wilson W. Wyatt.

Morton served from January 3, 1957 until his resignation, on December 16, 1968. He vacated the seat a few weeks early to allow his successor, Marlow Cook, a fellow Republican with similar views, to gain an edge in seniority.

In the Senate, Morton was considered a moderate and voted, along with his Republican colleague, Sen. John Sherman Cooper from Kentucky and most other Republicans, for the Civil Rights Acts of 1957,[2] 1960,[3] 1964,[4] and 1968,[5] as well as the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution,[6] the Voting Rights Act of 1965,[7] and the confirmation of Thurgood Marshall to the U.S. Supreme Court.[8] A compromise that Morton proposed to guarantee jury trials in all criminal contempt cases except for voting rights proved, with the assistance of Sens. Everett Dirksen from Illinois and Bourke Hickenlooper from Iowa, crucial in passing that Civil Rights Act.[9]

Morton was the chair of the Republican National Committee from 1959 to 1961 and chaired the Republican National Convention of 1964.

When Morton retired, he surprised many, who considered him at the peak of his political power. However, he opposed the Vietnam War despite being criticized by Rep. William Cowger from Kentucky. Also, he was both depressed by the urban violence after the deaths of civil rights leader Martin Luther King and Sen. Robert F. Kennedy from New York, and disappointed in his party's failure to address the broader social issues. He also ultimately counseled then-President Lyndon Johnson to decline to seek re-election, and he supported the unsuccessful presidential candidacy of Gov. Nelson Rockefeller of New York.

Morton is interviewed in the 1968 documentary film In the Year of the Pig, and another interview is available through the Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library.[10]

Later life

After his retirement from the U.S. Senate, Morton served as vice chairman of Liberty National Bank in Louisville, president of the American Horse Council, and chairman of the board of Churchill Downs, and he served as one of the directors of the University of Louisville, Pillsbury Company, Pittston Company, Louisville Board of Trade, Texas Gas Company, R.J. Reynolds Company, and the Ohio Valley Assembly.

Morton died after many years of declining health. His brother Rogers Morton had died three years previously, and his wife, Belle, survived him by more than a decade.[11]

Legacy

His papers are held by Louisville's Filson Historical Society, which his grandfather had revitalized.[12] The Kentucky Digital Library has a collection of his speeches.[13]

References

1. Caro, Robert. The Years of Lyndon Johnson: Master of the Senate, Alfred A. Knopf, 2002, New York, p. 658
2. "HR. 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957". GovTrack.us.
3. "HR. 8601. PASSAGE OF AMENDED BILL".
4. "HR. 7152. PASSAGE".
5. "TO PASS H.R. 2516, A BILL TO PROHIBIT DISCRIMINATION IN SALE OR RENTAL OF HOUSING, AND TO PROHIBIT RACIALLY MOTIVATED INTERFERENCE WITH A PERSON EXERCISING HIS CIVIL RIGHTS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES".
6. "S.J. RES. 29. APPROVAL OF RESOLUTION BANNING THE POLL TAX AS PREREQUISITE FOR VOTING IN FEDERAL ELECTIONS". GovTrack.us.
7. "TO PASS S. 1564, THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965".
8. "CONFIRMATION OF NOMINATION OF THURGOOD MARSHALL, THE FIRST NEGRO APPOINTED TO THE SUPREME COURT". GovTrack.us.
9. Library of Congress exhibition, The Civil Rights Act of 1964
10. "DiscoverLBJ" (PDF). transition.lbjlibrary.org. Retrieved 2018-05-25.
11. Gaiter, Dorothy J. "THRUSTON B. MORTON IS DEAD AT 74; SERVED AS SENATOR FROM KENTUCKY". Retrieved 2018-05-25.
12. "Morton, Thruston Ballard (1907-1982) Papers, 1968-1982 | The Filson Historical Society". The Filson Historical Society. Retrieved 2018-05-25.
13. "Kentucky Digital Library". kdl.kyvl.org. Retrieved 2018-05-25.

External links

• United States Congress. "Thruston Ballard Morton (id: M001022)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
• Guide to the Thruston B Morton papers, housed at the University of Kentucky Libraries Special Collections Research Center

U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Emmet O'Neal	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Kentucky's 3rd congressional district 1947–1953	Succeeded by John Robsion
Political offices
Preceded by Jack K. McFall	Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative Affairs 1953–1956	Succeeded by Robert C. Hill
Party political offices
Preceded by Charles I. Dawson	Republican nominee for U.S. Senator from Kentucky (Class 3) 1956, 1962	Succeeded by Marlow Cook
Preceded by Meade Alcorn	Chair of the Republican National Committee 1959–1961	Succeeded by William E. Miller
Preceded by Barry Goldwater	Chair of the National Republican Senatorial Committee 1963–1967	Succeeded by George Murphy
U.S. Senate
Preceded by Earle Clements	U.S. Senator (Class 3) from Kentucky 1957–1968 Served alongside: John Cooper	Succeeded by Marlow Cook